浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作

合集下载

浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写

浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写

2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题第二节:概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out.Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground.(原创范文,仅供参考)One possible version:People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4)【范文点拨】(一)要点分析1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句,亮明了总的观点:However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说:Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions tow ards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。

英语概要写作(浙江省高考英语新题型)

英语概要写作(浙江省高考英语新题型)

2019/2/26
5
文体类型一:议论文
议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概 要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句( supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找准主题句。 概要模板:论点+论据(+结论)
2019/2/26 8
说明文写作方法 我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出几种参考模板: l.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好 ” : ( In the passage ) the writer introduces (对象 )to us , especially its ...(性质或功用), from which we know...(对象带来的利好) 2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题十解决方 法”: The passage tells us...(问题),including...(方法1),二 ,(方法2 ) and...(方法3). 3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果” : ( The author/writer said/talks about)…(现象)of 二because /but...(原因/本质1),and.。 二(原因/本质2).
2019/2/26
6
One possible version People have mixed opinions towards dirt on skin. (要点1) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点2) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要点4)

读后续写与概要写作题型剖析及历年真题范文

读后续写与概要写作题型剖析及历年真题范文

读后续写与概要写作题型剖析与探究2015 年8 月,在教育部考试中心发布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》(高考综合改革试验省份试用)(第一版)中,提出了写作新题型:读后续写或概要写作,两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。

读后续写作为一种全新的高考题型,于2016 年10 月首次在浙江英语高考卷中亮相,且至今已被使用了五次;2020年7月全国新高考I卷山东卷也开始使用读后续写题型,随着高考综合改革试点的推广,该题型将会在全国更大范围内使用。

一、考纲摘录题型一:读后续写。

第二节:满分25分。

提供一段350词左右的语言材料,要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150词左右),将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。

阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容:(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度;(2)内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况;(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性;(4)上下文的连贯性。

题型二:概要写作。

第二节:满分25分。

提供一篇350词左右的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

二、考情表解读后续写划线关键词语三、命题探究读后续写要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上,充分调动想象创新思维,大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势,进行充满个性色彩的设计,并用英语进行续写表达。

所提供短文词数在350左右,划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等,其中,以名词(词组)为主,在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语,需要注意:在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要,可以改变动词的形式,可以改变名词的单复数,但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性;多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主,故事情节有曲折、有起伏,但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。

浙江高考英语写作概要写作

浙江高考英语写作概要写作

最新浙江高考英语写作概要写作1.题型介绍◆选材特点(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;(2)所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

◆评分参考(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;【(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

注意:理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。

相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

2.考查能力概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达二者的有机结合体。

简言之就是简要概括所给文章中心大意。

要求读者把文章的具体信息用具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而非抄袭文章原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。

这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

3.写作步骤(1)通读全文。

明确文章类型,主题,结构。

记叙文:5W+1H&议论文:观点、论点、论据说明文:说明对象,说明方式(2)要点获取(4-5点)。

寻找主题句;关键词;提问题。

(3)要点转述。

同义替换;语态转换;词性改变;句子重构(4)要点衔接。

过渡型词句,逻辑连接词。

Writing 1阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.~I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items,I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change,ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag,he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him,I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman,watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished,the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience andkindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her,we left Target with a cart full of consumable items,but what is more,a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target,give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________…【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要,先要找到以下两个问题的答案:(1)谁做了什么?(2)结果如何?如果是夹叙夹议文,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一. 概要写作题型特点概要写作(summary),《牛津高阶英语词典》(第8 版)对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。

也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文,也可称之为摘要。

这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力,另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中,我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点:客观性:概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,写作内容要全面,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容;写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。

考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。

需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。

简洁性:简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。

概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节减少例证,简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

二. 评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条:本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分;评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。

高三英语一轮复习概要写作(summary writing)解析

高三英语一轮复习概要写作(summary writing)解析

概要写作(Summary Writing)解析一、概要写作概述:浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。

相比传统的写作来说,该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战,是难度较高的写作形式。

(1)任务要求:提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

(2)考查要点:概要写作以语篇为载体,要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。

考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。

故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力,即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。

因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

(3)评分原则:1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

2.评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。

3.词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。

4.评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。

(4)二、样题及分析:阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people,is a good thing. However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处)of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea:clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary,MaryRuebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter(后者)position is gaining some ground.(One possible version)Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)参考答案分析:精确地表达了文本所有4个要点,并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合;(2)准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇,例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候,选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”,“develop the belief”,“choose to believe”,避免了重复;(3)上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”,“although”等,使行文紧凑浑然一体;(4)对文中的要点运用语义转换,完全使用自己的语言来表达;例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt;要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against;要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health;要点4用today代替nowadays,用sharply代替hugely,用more and more people choose to believe 代替gaining some ground;(5)全文60词,非常符合词数要求。

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing) 2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一、概要写作题型特点概要写作(summary)是指用简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度浓缩的一种写作形式。

这一题型考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力,同时也考查学生的写作能力,即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中,我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点:1.客观性:概要写作是一种客观的复述,要全面、忠实地再现作者的思想,不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容。

考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容,不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法或做出任何评判。

2.简洁性:概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节、减少例证、简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

3.连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

二、评分原则考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条:本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分;评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。

其中最高档次第五档(21-25分)的给分描述如下:理解准确,涵盖全部要点;能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑;完全使用自己的语言。

三、解题思路概要写作需要考生先通读全文,理解文章的主旨大意和关键词,然后根据文章的结构和逻辑关系,用自己的语言对主要内容进行浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文。

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一. 概要写作题型特点概要写作(summary),《牛津高阶英语词典》(第8 版)对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。

也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文,也可称之为摘要。

这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力,另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中,我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点:客观性:概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,写作内容要全面,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容;写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。

考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。

需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。

简洁性:简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。

概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节减少例证,简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。

写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。

写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

二. 评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条:本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分;评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。

浙江新高考作文概要写作summarywriting

浙江新高考作文概要写作summarywriting

received 3. The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government
departments would also be investigated and punished.
Summary writing
What is a summary?
A summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details.
It is a brief, complete and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
Chen Yan, a tourist from Changzhou, east China’s Jiangsu Province, complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin. Worse still, he claimed that his family members were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when he questioned the bill at the checkout. Chen’s complaint immediately spread on China’s social media. The investigation results by some local government departments showed that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again.

浙江省英语高考概要写作首考试题分析及反思

浙江省英语高考概要写作首考试题分析及反思

浙江省英语高考概要写作首考试题分析及反思1. 引言1.1 浙江省英语高考首次实行概要写作The Zhejiang Provincial English high school entrance exam has recently implemented a new format known as summary writing for the first time. This has led to a significant change in the way students are tested in their English proficiency.1.2 写作题目分析In conclusion, the writing topic analysis showed that the summary writing task in the Zhejiang Province English exam required students to demonstrate their language proficiency, critical thinking, and summarizing skills. It served as a valuable assessment tool to measure students' ability to comprehend, analyze, and synthesize information effectively.2. 正文2.1 概要写作题目要求To prepare for this task, students can practice summarizing different types of texts, such as news articles, academic essays, and literary excerpts. They should also work on improving their reading comprehension skills and vocabulary to betterunderstand and summarize complex passages. By practicing regularly and seeking feedback from teachers or peers, students can enhance their summarization abilities and perform well on the summary writing task in the Zhejiang English high school entrance examination.2.2 考生备考策略考生应该熟悉和理解概要写作的题目要求。

浙江省新高考概要写作

浙江省新高考概要写作
ill. (要点2) However, people began to change their attitudes to
dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt
off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3) However, some
l thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the
• theme of the original with as few words as possible. • II:Tips on summary writing • While reading
???????a?summary?is?a?brief?restatement?of?the?essential?thought?of?a?longer?composition
杭州学军中学高二英新题型 写作练习一:
概要写作
summary
• I:What is a summary? • A summary is a brief restatement of the essentia
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1)
For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫 学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining

浙江省新高考英语写作题型之概要写作介绍及范例点评

浙江省新高考英语写作题型之概要写作介绍及范例点评

浙江省新高考英语写作题型之概要写作介绍及范例点评
陈科芳
【期刊名称】《作文新天地(高中版)》
【年(卷),期】2016(000)011
【总页数】11页(P54-64)
【作者】陈科芳
【作者单位】浙江外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.浙江省新高考英语读后续写题型分析及教学策略探究
2.浙江省新高考英语读后续写题型分析及教学策略探究
3.高考英语新题型之概要写作微技能
4.基于浙江省新高考英语读后续写题型分析及教学策略
5.新高考下说明文概要写作五步法研究——以2019年浙江省高考英语真题为例
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作
一、浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)
1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句,亮明了总的观点:However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说:Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.”概括非常精炼。

2.第二段主要谈到了在16世纪,人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。

结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知,直到18世纪之前,人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”,有助于预防疾病。

范文中的要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地总结了这些要点。

3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”
4. 文章最后一段第一句指出,现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同,On the contrary 引出专家的观点,一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。

这一观点获得了一些支持。

范文中的要点4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。

文章概要,在写完了要点之后,下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接,使上下句之间具有连贯性。

本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构,要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反,因此,之间需要表示转折的连接词,范文用了However恰到好处。

要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同,因此,还是用表转折的连接词However。

不过小编认为,此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。

第一段:fixed (确定的;不变的) 第二段:means (手段,方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon (……之后;立即) 第三段:long-lived (长期存在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) 第四段:warn sb off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gain some ground (取得优势)。

相关文档
最新文档