2010年考研英语新题型详解
考研英语2010年真题新题型段落排序题解析与答案
[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
六． 参考答案：41---45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.
2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析
2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析Text 121. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____-。
A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis33623 037选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。
正门对面22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____ 。
A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionskaoyantjB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from gallerieskaoyantjC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent业D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying业选【A】，本题迷惑选项为C，文章第三段只强调了 collectors stayed away；Sales fell，并没有强调“收藏时尚早在这之前就已经大大降温了”。
2010text3英语一
2010text3英语一（最新版）目录1.2010 年英语一的概述2.英语一的题型和难度3.英语一的应试技巧4.英语一的发展趋势正文一、2010 年英语一的概述2010 年英语一，是指 2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题的第一部分。
作为研究生入学考试的重要组成部分，英语一试题旨在全面评估考生的英语语言应用能力，包括听、说、读、写、译等方面。
本文将对 2010 年英语一的题型、难度、应试技巧以及发展趋势进行详细分析。
二、英语一的题型和难度2010 年英语一题型分为四个部分：完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和写作。
这些题型分别考察了考生的语言基础知识、阅读理解能力、翻译能力和写作能力。
难度方面，英语一的题目在词汇、语法、句型和阅读速度等方面都具有一定的挑战性，要求考生具备较高的英语水平。
三、英语一的应试技巧1.完形填空：考生需要结合上下文理解词义，注意固定搭配和习惯用法。
在解题过程中，应先快速浏览全文，了解文章大意，再根据空格所在位置选择合适的选项。
2.阅读理解：考生需要提高阅读速度，同时注意抓住文章的主题和细节。
在解题过程中，可采用略读、寻读等阅读技巧，快速找到关键信息。
3.翻译：考生需要具备一定的汉英翻译能力，注意语法、句式和词汇的准确性。
在解题过程中，可先理解中文句子的意思，再将其转换为英文表达。
4.写作：考生需要具备一定的写作技巧，包括篇章结构、段落安排和句式变化等。
在解题过程中，可先列出要点，再进行扩展和润色。
四、英语一的发展趋势随着我国教育改革的不断深入，英语一试题也在不断调整和完善。
未来，英语一可能会继续加大对听力和口语的考察力度，更加注重考生的实际语言应用能力。
此外，试题将更加注重文化差异和跨文化交际能力的考察，以适应全球化时代的需求。
总之，2010 年英语一试题对考生的英语语言应用能力提出了较高的要求。
2010考研英语新题型
2010考研英语新题型
2010年考研英语新题型引入了阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个大题型，其中包括了以下几个具体的新题型：
1. 长篇阅读理解：该题型要求考生阅读一篇较长的文章，并回答相关问题。
文章内容通常涉及社会、科技、文化等领域。
2. 短篇阅读理解：类似于传统的阅读理解题型，但篇幅较短，考生需要阅读一段文字并回答相关问题。
3. 完形填空：在给定的短文中，有若干处需要填写正确的单词或短语，以使整个短文通顺、连贯。
4. 英译汉：要求考生将给定的英文句子或短文翻译成中文，考查考生对英语表达的理解和翻译能力。
这些新题型的引入旨在更全面地评估考生的英语综合能力，增加了对阅读和理解的考察，同时也考查了考生的翻译能力。
为了应对这些新题型，考生需要广泛阅读、积累词汇、提高语法水平，并进行针对性的练习和模拟考试。
2010考研英语新题型考纲解析及复习对策
2010年考研英语新题型解析及复习对策——根据《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》（2010年版）万学·海文英语教研中心自2005年起考研英语中新增了阅读理解Part B即新题型。
卷中给出一篇总长度为500-600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后面有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从中选择5个分别放进文章中5个空白处。
主要考察考生对文章篇章结构的整体把握和句子间的内在逻辑关系。
而自2006年起，教育部考试中心年对B节阅读试题作了重大的调整，列出了三种可供选择的题型。
自此一直延续到今年即2010年的考纲中对新题型部分都列出了三种可供选择的题型。
分别为：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
3）在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
一、2005——2009年阅读理解B考查题型分析年份选择搭配题排序题观点例证题2005 √﹨﹨2006 √﹨﹨2007 ﹨﹨√2008 √﹨﹨2009 √﹨﹨【分析结论】由上表可知，虽然近年的考纲中明确列出了新题型的三种备选题型，可只有2007年考查了观点例证中的标题选择题，其他年份一直只考查了选择搭配题，而迄今为止，排序题还尚未考过。
该题型的命题趋势呈现了这种格局主要基于以下原因：对于第一类题型即选择搭配题，其侧重点在于考查考生对连贯性、一致性的把握，难度适中，区分度较高。
同时这类题型的考查范围也兼顾了后两种，其考查的概率最大。
2010年考研英语真题及解析
2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。
其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。
【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解:一、新旧大纲题型和分值对比1.旧试卷分值分布词汇题15分。
完型题10分。
阅读40分。
翻译20分。
作文15分。
2.新试卷分值分布英语知识应用（即完型题）10分。
阅读题50分，含旧阅读40分和新阅读10分。
翻译15分。
小作文10分。
大作文15分。
二、新、旧大纲变化第一，词汇题删掉了。
第二，翻译题分值由20分变为15分。
形式是一样的，仍然是短文翻译，但是短文的字数减为150词，比原来短3行。
第三，增加了新阅读10分，新阅读可能会有3个题型：7选5段落填空，段落小标题，对错判断题。
第四，增加了小作文。
形式可能会是：有信函letter，报告report，备忘memo，摘要abstract。
第五，作文是25分，分为A节和B节。
A节是新加入的作文形式，10分。
B节是沿用原来的作文形式。
第六，大的方向变化还有一点，旧大纲里词汇是5800，而现在大纲的词汇去掉了300词商务词汇，大纲的词汇只有5500。
首先，新加入的阅读题是新大纲的焦点，这对我们的考试会有什么影响？词汇换成了阅读的B节，词汇题与新阅读题到底哪个得分更容易呢？从以往的经验上看，词汇的得分一直很稳定，一般是5到6分，虽然不多，可是至少还在。
而变成了新阅读题后，得分就没有底了，这极大地增大了考生的负担。
以前备考词汇题，我们的复习没有负担。
我们的思路是，对词汇题不理不睬，你特意复习这个词汇，成效是不高的。
你的成绩只能是从你平时的积累来的。
然而这道新阅读题型，你不理不睬是不行的，到考场是得不了分的。
这个变化提高我们今年考试的难度。
其次写作，增加了新的作文，分值来源于翻译的分数。
这个就造成了我们3小时的考试时间可能会有一点紧张，毕竟你要写两篇文章。
从这个量上面来看，新的席卷要比老的试卷难度更大。
从分数线来看，你们不要在意；从难度上，这个难度提高很大。
三、新大纲具体变化点1.新阅读大纲里指定新阅读有三种题，即三种题型选考一种。
2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析
2010年考研英语二阅读及新题型答案解析Text 121. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____-。
A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis33623 037选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。
正门对面22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____ 。
A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionskaoyantjB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from gallerieskaoyantjC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent业D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying业选【A】，本题迷惑选项为C，文章第三段只强调了 collectors stayed away；Sales fell，并没有强调“收藏时尚早在这之前就已经大大降温了”。
2010年考研英语答案及详解(完整版)
2010年考研英语答案及详解(完整版) 2010年考研英语完整版详解
Section I Use of English
1.A
解析：A项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项 achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore 是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B
解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C
解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B
解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C
解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项 accounts。
6.B
解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D
解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
2010年考研英语新题型解析(万学海文)
2010年考研英语真题分析之新题型（二）万学海文2010年考研的英语试题在新题型部分，出现了比较不常见的排序题，这完全在我们的预料之中。
万学海文名师墨东博老师在全国各地的冲刺班上反复强调，今年肯定会考排序题，并将这一题型进行重点讲解。
今年的排序题在题型上和传统的排序题还有所差别。
题目要求中明确指出，需要从A到G的7个段落中选取最合适的段落组成一篇连贯的文章，其中E段（倒数第二段，非首段）的位置已经给出，有一个段落是干扰项。
排序题的做题步骤及本题的解题过程如下：1、通读文章首段，了解主旨大意；注：鉴于这篇文章并未给出首段，该步骤可以省略。
2、通读各个段落，了解段落大意（或段落讲解的核心概念），更重要的是要标出各段首尾句的关联特征及段中明显的标志词，如代词、表示转承关系的逻辑词、同根同义词等。
如：A段：the first and more important … meanwhile…consumer’s growing preference for eating out; consumption of food and drink has risen与recession, people getting anxious, eating athome前后有对比对立的关系。
B段：retail sales of food and drink are at a standstillBut almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in theirwon backyard: the whole food and drink trade,…(该句中既含有转折连词but，又含有特殊标点符号冒号，标志明显，是需要重点关注的句子)先提出问题，but后面提到了可能的解决办法，这像不像我们阅读文章的第一段呢？C段：最明显的标志有：such variation，如果该段入选，前面一定提到了variation。
2010年考研英语真题答案及解析
10.[A] about (oneself) 关于自己
[B] for (oneself) 为自己
[C] on (oneself)
[D] by (oneself) 独立地，无人帮助地，独自地
【答案】 D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配
【解析】本题考查的是“介词+oneself”的用法。反身代词与不同的介词连用，可表达不同的意思。本题的关键是在
二、试题解析
1.[A] affected 影响 [B] achieved 取得；获得
[C] extracted 提取；榨出
[D] restored 恢复；修复
【答案】 A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】空格处所填的词说明工厂的照明与工人劳动生产率之间的关系，显然这里需要的意思是“影响”。achieve
表示“达到，完成”，extract 表示“提取；榨出”，restore 表示“恢复，使修复”，都与句意不符，只有 A 选
项符合句意。此句要表达的意思是“工厂的照明如何影响工人的劳动生产率。”而其它三项虽然都能与空格前
后的主语和宾语连用。但是放在这里，句意不通顺，所以排除。故本题答案为 A。
2.[A] at 倾向于
1
因此这个现象是“令人费解的”，只有 perplexing 有此意，而其它三个选项虽然也都可用于修饰空后的 behavior。 然而联系上下文，上下文并没有涉及到妇女们的行为是“有争议的”、“恶作剧的”或“引起歧义的”，故本
题的正确答案是 B。
5.[A] requirements 要求 [B] explanations 解释；说明 [C] accounts 报告；描述 [D] assessments 评定；估价
2010考研英语一新题型解析
2010年考研英语一新题型解析一、概述2010年考研英语一的新题型引起了考生们的广泛关注和讨论，这也是我们必须深入了解和解析的内容。
本文将全面分析2010年考研英语一新题型，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
二、问题概述2010年考研英语一新增了多种题型，包括填空题、短文改错题、信息匹配题等，这些题型的出现让考生感到新奇，也增加了应试的难度。
三、填空题解析1. 填空题的设置包含了对词汇、语法、逻辑等多方面的考察。
2. 解答填空题需要考生具备较高的语言能力和语境理解能力。
3. 在解答填空题时，要注意上下文的连贯性和逻辑性，不要脱离文章语境随意填写。
四、短文改错题解析1. 短文改错题着重考察了考生对语法和词汇的掌握程度。
2. 解答短文改错题需要考生对句子结构和用词准确性的把握。
3. 在解答短文改错题时，要仔细审题，务必注意句子的完整性和上下文的逻辑关系。
五、信息匹配题解析1. 信息匹配题考察了考生对文章整体内容的把握能力。
2. 解答信息匹配题需要考生能够准确把握文章的中心思想和各部分的逻辑通联。
3. 在解答信息匹配题时，要注重阅读文章的全貌，理清各部分的主题和次题，确保答案的准确性。
六、解题思路1. 在应对这些新题型时，考生要注意提高自己的语言能力和阅读能力，加强对词汇、语法和句子结构的学习和理解。
2. 在解答题目时，要保持冷静，理性思考，不能因为题型的新颖而感到慌乱和迷茫。
3. 在备考过程中，要注重练习和模拟，多做一些模拟题目，培养自己的解题技巧和应对策略。
七、总结2010年考研英语一的新题型对考生提出了更高的要求，但同时也为考生提供了更广阔的学习空间。
考生要注重提升自己的语言能力和阅读能力，不断提高解题的技巧和策略，才能在考试中取得更好的成绩。
希望考生们在备考中能够充分准备，信心十足，取得优异的成绩！八、应对策略在面对2010年考研英语一的新题型时，考生们需要制定合理的备考策略。
以下是一些建议：1. 积极扩充词汇量：词汇在填空题和短文改错题中占据重要位置，因此考生需要通过阅读、背诵、应用等方式，扩充自己的词汇量，增强对词汇的认知和记忆。
2010年考研英语新题型解析
2010年考研英语新题型解析万学·海文英语教研中心《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲解析》中并没有提到对新题型的变化，因此预计2010年的考研英语新题型仍然会继续从三种备选题型中选择（7选5、排序题、选择小标题/观点例证题）。
然而纵观前5年的英语试卷，我们会发现7选5新题型是出现频率最高的，05年 06年 08年和 09年都是采用了这种题型。
究其原因主要在于与其它两种题型相比较，7选5的难度比较适中。
选择小标题/观点例证题相对来说比较容易，因为这种题型多是考察学生对文章段落的总结概括，或是对某一中心标题的进行阐述、找例证的能力。
学生可以根据段落所提供的信息做出选择。
而比较而言，排序题就有些难度了，因为在做这种题的时候，一旦考生选错了一个，那么就意味着另外一个也会是错误的，甚至会出现局部排列正确而全军覆没的现象。
但是这不是说这两种题型就不会考到，考生还是应该在平时的复习中对其加以一定的重视。
下面我们主要围绕7选5题型来跟大家谈一些方法和技巧。
一、7选5题型的基本命题形式：这种题型的命题形式是给考生一篇字数在500-600单词的短文，出题者有目的地在文章中去除5处信息，形成5处信息空缺，提供总共6-7个备选选项(待选信息），要求考生从6-7个选项中选出5个合适的选项对应地填入原文中的5处空缺，从而将原文恢复成一篇完整的文章。
空缺可能会出现在一个段落的首、尾或者中间部分也可能会空缺整个段落。
二、解题步骤：1. 细读首尾段，抓住主题。
不必要先浏览文章，因为文章缺乏信息，内容不完整。
一来浪费时间效果不好，二来容易被弄糊涂。
相反，由于选项是要填入空缺处的目标，这样有了对目标的把握，就可以“以目标为导向的”去阅读文章。
2. 浏览选项，把握每一个选项主题的同时划出关键词、主题词。
标出人称代词，指示代词，连接词，数词，不定冠词以及定冠词等常用来衔接文章的词语。
另外还要注意选项中的主题词，这些主题词的词性多以名词、动词为特点，尤其要注意其中的专属名词和标志词。
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解第一篇：2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解:一、新旧大纲题型和分值对比1.旧试卷分值分布词汇题15分。
完型题10分。
阅读40分。
翻译20分。
作文15分。
2.新试卷分值分布英语知识应用（即完型题）10分。
阅读题50分，含旧阅读40分和新阅读10分。
翻译15分。
小作文10分。
大作文15分。
二、新、旧大纲变化第一，词汇题删掉了。
第二，翻译题分值由20分变为15分。
形式是一样的，仍然是短文翻译，但是短文的字数减为150词，比原来短3行。
第三，增加了新阅读10分，新阅读可能会有3个题型：7选5段落填空，段落小标题，对错判断题。
第四，增加了小作文。
形式可能会是：有信函letter，报告report，备忘memo，摘要abstract。
第五，作文是25分，分为A节和B节。
A节是新加入的作文形式，10分。
B节是沿用原来的作文形式。
第六，大的方向变化还有一点，旧大纲里词汇是5800，而现在大纲的词汇去掉了300词商务词汇，大纲的词汇只有5500。
首先，新加入的阅读题是新大纲的焦点，这对我们的考试会有什么影响？词汇换成了阅读的B节，词汇题与新阅读题到底哪个得分更容易呢？从以往的经验上看，词汇的得分一直很稳定，一般是5到6分，虽然不多，可是至少还在。
而变成了新阅读题后，得分就没有底了，这极大地增大了考生的负担。
以前备考词汇题，我们的复习没有负担。
我们的思路是，对词汇题不理不睬，你特意复习这个词汇，成效是不高的。
你的成绩只能是从你平时的积累来的。
然而这道新阅读题型，你不理不睬是不行的，到考场是得不了分的。
这个变化提高我们今年考试的难度。
其次写作，增加了新的作文，分值来源于翻译的分数。
这个就造成了我们3小时的考试时间可能会有一点紧张，毕竟你要写两篇文章。
从这个量上面来看，新的席卷要比老的试卷难度更大。
从分数线来看，你们不要在意；从难度上，这个难度提高很大。
2010考研英语试题及详解
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engi neers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floorlignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that thevery___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___t o alter workers’ behavior____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, orwell-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t inter act with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to thetwo-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call “global cascades”– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced the m to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-popgrocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, bu t most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41 →42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, thenon-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项 achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C 项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2010年考研英语答案完整版详解
2010年考研英语完整版详解Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。
6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
所以选A。
9.C解析：见第8题解析。
解析：见第8题解析。
11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。
12.A解析：contrary to表示“与…相反“。
根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。
13.A解析：只有evidence一词可与found呼应，表示“发现或找到证据”。
考研英语2010年真题新题型段落排序题解析与答案
2010年考研英语Part B新题型部分，第一次考到了新题型的段落排序题，但是与考研大纲不同的是，这次段落排序题不是5选5，而是6选5，有一个不能选的段落。
这是让广大考生感到没有思想准备的一道题。
题目要求中明确指出，本题共出现标号从A到G的7个段落，其中E段的位置已经给出，而要求从A, B, C, D, F, G这6个段落中选取5段，并结合已经给的E段，进行排序。
题目的素材。
选自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)。
请注意，这已经是这本注明的经济管理类杂志第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。
原文的名字叫“ A wholesale shift in European groceries”，翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转型”。
整个文章主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商(主要是连锁大超市集团)在欧洲面临的困境——缺乏增长动力。
而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。
下面我们来分析一下新题型这道题的解题方法。
[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food servicesegment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.[B] Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leadingretails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard.But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard:the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of marketretailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the foodand drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, ratherthan the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and internationalconsumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers couldprofitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skillsin the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank insubstantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closerinspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especiallyin their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitivedynamics.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that havebeen closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but thefigure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demandfrom the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out moreoften ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last manit feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.解题步骤与思路：一．归纳6个选项的段落大意，同时注意两个选项之间的联系。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010年考研英语真题答案及解析
所以 D 也不符合题意。而 end up doing sth.表示“最终达到某种状态或采取某种行动（尤指经过一个漫长的过程）”。
填入空白处后，句子的意思为：这些研究最终以得到一个被冠之以“霍桑效应”的结论而告终。故本题选 B。
3.[A] truth 事实
[B] sight 景象；视觉；视野 [C] act 行为；做法；行动 [D] proof 证据；证明
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定短语
【解析】联系前面的分析，本空所填句的意思是“在实验中做什么并不重要；只要有改变，劳动生产率就会提
【答案】 C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析
【解析】该句的意思是“根据实验报告（描述），……”。因此，只有 accounts 符合句义。因为 account 作名词时，常
意为“理解，解释”或“账目，账单”，本题考查的是其不常用含义。掌握 account 一词有“报告；描述”的含义固然重要，
但只要抓住了 their hourly output rose when … but also when …这句话所暗含的“两种情况的对比”，也有助于用排除法
[B] (end) up 最终成为/达到 [C] (end ) with 以……结束
[D] (end) off 完结；完成
【答案】B
【考点】动词搭配
【解析】首先可排除 A，因为 end 和 at 不能形成固定搭配；end with 意为“以……告终”，后常接名词或名词词组，
比如 Life does not end with death，故排除 C；end 与 off 连用时，结构为 end sth. off“妥当或顺利地结束某事物”，
【答案】C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析
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2010年考研英语新题型详解
今年的新题型与以往的考研题目都不相同，它不再是七选五这种类型，而是要求将选项进行排序，即所说的排序题。
我们在整个解析过程中，大家要注意，七选五也好、搭配题也好、排序题也好，重点还是考查一个句子和上下文之间的关系问题，也就是说你在某一个空中填什么答案，主要的一点是由上下文的句子和它之间的关系决定。
比如45题就很好做，G的开头“All in all”是“总之”的意思，从这里就可以大致判定它应该在最后，在看其具体内容，是对整个文章的概括总结，所以可以确定45题为G。
41题也不是很难，作为文章的开头，一般是阐述某种现象或事实。
段落的开头不能有明显的承上启下的词或短语，像A的“first and important”, C 的“such variations”, F 的“for example”，G 的“however” 都属于这类。
所以根据排除法可得出41题为B接下来看42题，在阐述了这种事实即Retails ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.后就举例进行论证,F选项的For example 就是提示。
42题F
讲到了wholesale demand，而G 中的requirement 就是demand 是同义词，加上however 起到了承上启下的作用。
所以43题选G。
至于44题，是对43的一种原因解释，即消费者越来越喜欢去外面吃“consumer’s growing preference for eating out”所以这题选A。
这个题目有点难度，不过，只要循着“主题”这根主线，就不能找到正确答案.只要看清每段前后作为主题的名词，抓根提串，抓住了主题这个“根”，后面的句子就肯定能够串起来。
综观2010年的新题型，建议采取如下的解题步骤和解题技巧。
解题步骤：
第一步：通读所有选项，迅速得知文章的主旨大意;
第二步：根据关键词或词组推断句子的顺序
第三步：将排好的句子通读一遍，检测是否文章前后连贯
解题技巧：
A.“就近原则” 段落的上下文中寻找解题的线索；
B.“时间原则” 现时间、年代等词语时，要注意文章中的时间和选项中的时间的对应关系；
C.“代词原则” 指示代词，因为是指代前面的内容，所以一般不能作为段落的开头；
D.“相近原则” 如果有两个选项非常的相似，那么其中一个往往是正确答案；
E.“重复原则” 如果一个选项中的单词与文章中的单词重复比较多或意思相近的比较多，那么这个选项往往就是正确答案；
F.“排除原则”：做排序题时建议大家最好使用排除原则，由易到难地去解题。
如果要在新的题型上有所提高的话，必须特别重视以下两点：
第一，阅读文章里单句之间的关系，这种关系很重要，因为这种关系考察两种题。
一是七选五，二是段落排序。
新题型主要就是考察同学们对考点空格前后句子关联的把握。
第二，要提升大家段落大意的概括和提炼能力。
一段文章，总体上讲的是什么？怎么样用简单、简洁的语言把这一段文章的总体意思概括起来，这是段落标题类。
在一个段落里面，我们如何把握总体上讲了什么东西，这是我们考生平常阅读里欠缺的一个能力。
建议大家多多练习提炼段落大意的能力，可以尝试每次看完一个段落就用简短汉语或者英文把段落主旨写在段落旁边。