子宫正常超声图像

子宫正常超声图像

子宫纵切面病人取仰卧位，在充盈的膀胱下方可见子宫。子宫呈倒置梨状，略向后仰。其表面大部分覆盖一层腹膜，因而子宫外轮廓很光滑，围绕子宫表面似为一层线样反光强的包膜，此为浆膜层; 其下方为较厚的肌层，中度回声，表现为均质细小密集光点; 子宫的中央部分为宫腔及宫内膜，呈反光较强的线样、条状或梭状回声，此为官腔波。此波所以表现不同是因为它随月经周期而变化。宫腔波在前位子宫容易识别，因为声束垂直于子宫内膜，内膜腔可清晰反映出来。Callen

等证实，正常妇女约90-100%可看到宫腔波。少数后倾后屈子宫腔与声束平行，宫

腔波不易被查见。宫腔波可作为识别子宫的重要标志，特别是在盆腔在肿物、有粘连或炎性包块与子宫粘连严重的患者，盆腔正常解剖关系已被打乱。何为肿块，何为子宫，就需依靠宫腔波来判断。一旦识别出宫腔波所在，则肿物与子宫关系即可了然。宫腔波不易查见原因有以下情况:1 、后倾后屈子宫;2 、凡千万宫腔变形的疾病，如多发肌瘤、内膜病变等。如子宫极度偏斜时，则正中纵切在膀胱后方查不到子宫长轴，这时必须移动探头方向寻找。如还有困难时则需应用横切面，从耻骨联合上先找出子宫颈，向上移动探头，寻踪扫查可寻到子宫所在处。有相当一部分正常妇女，子宫常偏向一侧，并不认为是异常。因为子宫的位置常受体位、直肠、膀胱充盈度以及腹压的影响。子宫的大小与形态亦随年龄的增长而不同，其大小可从纵、横、厚、径测知。

子宫的下部分为子宫颈。宫体与宫颈相接处，于子宫前表面可见一轻微角度，此处为子宫峡部，亦为子宫内口所在水平。子宫颈呈圆柱形，纵切面观察，宫颈回声比宫体强，这是因为宫颈结缔组织多，且其外面包裹一层质密坚韧的宫颈筋膜。

宫颈管波亦可由超声查见。有时可见梭状宫颈管及其内纵行皱。p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against

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子宫横切面子宫最大横切面位于输卵管进入子宫水平。子宫最大横切面呈三

角形，前表面平坦，后表面略突。子宫两角部突出如鸟嘴状，包含有阔韧带的

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