研究控制非线性动力学模型

Study on Nonlinear Dynamical Model and Control Strategy of Transient Process in Hydropower Station

with Francis turbine

Haiyan Bao , Jiandong Yang, Liang Fu

State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University No.8 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China

Haiyan_8931@

Abstract —The transient process in conduits of hydropower

stations is a very complicated dynamic procedure coupled with

fluid, machines, electricity. In this paper, a whole nonlinear dynamical model of transient process in hydropower station with Francis turbine has been developed, and the control strategies of each transient process are studied. The nonlinear characteristics of hydraulic turbine and the elastic water hammer effect of pressure water supply conduit are considered in the model. The developed model is accurate enough to represent and simulate each transient process of the plant and may enable a plant operator to carry out economical, convenient study for the static stability and transient stability of the hydropower station under a wide range of transient processes. In addition, the literature takes a hydropower station as engineering case to simulate the transient processes of hydro-generator units ’ start-up, load variation, full load rejection from the grid and emergency stop. And the results of simulation are very satisfied.

Keywords-hydraulic transients; nonlinear mathematical model; numerical simulation; control strategy

I.I NTRODUCTION

H ydropower is an important and vital renewable energy resource, which converts energy in flowing water into electricity. Generally, a hydro-generator unit has many different operating conditions, and any operating condition changes will result in different hydraulic transients. The calculation of hydraulic transient is a key link for the safety and reliability of units and hydraulic installations. Traditionally, the objective of hydraulic transient calculation is to predict three primary regulation guaranteed parameters including the maximum dynamic pressure in the spiral case, the maximum rising ratio of rotating speed and the draft tube minimum pressure, consequently to ensure safety operation of hydropower station. H owever, with the development of hydroelectric construction and technology in China, the content of hydraulic transient calculation is continuously being

enriched, it already not only include calculation of regulation

guaranteed parameters, but also include calculation and research of stabilization and dynamic quality [1]. In conventional hydropower stations, there are a series of hydraulic transient processes, such as start-up, load variation, full load rejection from the grid, and emergency stop, where

power and frequency regulations may always be needed [2]. In order to design suitable control law, stabilize the nonlinear systems, solve many existing control problems, reduce operating costs and energy losses, and improve guarantee security and safety of equipments and plants, it is necessary to develop a whole nonlinear dynamical model that is accurate enough to represent and simulate each transient process of the plant. The developed model may enable a control system designer or a plant operator to carry out accurate, economical, convenient study for the static stability and transient stability of the hydropower station under a wide range of operational modes and nonlinear process conditions, and to design the suitable control strategy, so as to improve stability of hydro-generator units.

The literature review carried out in this work finds some published research works. In [3], a new kind of start-up rule is proposed, by using this rule the contradiction between fast start-up and smooth start-up is eliminated; In [4], it analyses the adjusting mode of power adjustment in digital electric-hydraulic governor, and how to realize power adjustment; In [5], the transient performance index of hydro-generator unit in a full load rejection are studied. owever, in the aforementioned published research works, the effect of hydraulic turbine characteristics and the elasticity of conduit walls on the transient process are neglected . In addition, a whole nonlinear dynamical model that can simulate each transient process of the plant isn’t developed in predecessors’ research works. In china, some large-scale hydropower stations often use the complex arrangement nowadays, moreover, the hydraulic conduits are getting longer, and its nonlinearity is very obvious. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to develop a whole nonlinear dynamical model for the complex hydropower system.

II.M ATHEMATICAL M ODELS For developing the whole nonlinear mathematical model, the hydropower plant system is decomposed into decoupled dynamical modules as illustrated in Fig. 1, and a mathematical model for each module is developed. 978-1-4244-2487-0/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE