基于单片机的智能灯设计

摘要

本文是基于单片机控制的人体感应及自动调光家居智能灯的设计。每年中国无用照明所损耗的电量资源巨大，这些浪费主要产生于楼梯间、路灯、洗手间灯场所。随着技术的发展，越来越多的智能家居出现在我们的日常生活中，例如智能洗衣机、智能空调、智能电饭煲等等。因此，为了保护环境和响应国家节能减排政策的实施，本文设计一种基于单片机控制的人体感应及自动调光家居智能灯。

该系统通过AT89C52单片机进行对各个部件控制协调，红外检测模块、光敏检测模块与PWM调光技术结合从而实现对灯光亮度的自动调节的作用。PWM 调光的原理是在不改变PWM方波周期的前提下，通过变更PWM的占空比从而控制输出给照明灯的电压使得照明灯出现不同的亮度。红外检测模块的原理是当模块检测到照明灯附近有人体靠近且周围环境光线较弱时，此时该模块充当开关的作用，使照明灯打开，照明灯的亮度以及调节通过光敏检测模块和PWM电路控制。为了起到节能效果，当红外检测模块检测不到有人存在时，照明灯持续照明1分钟后自动熄灭。为了提高该系统的适应范围以及满足不同人的需求，在该系统设计时加入了手动控制的模式，当调节至手动模式时，照明灯的亮度通过手动操作来控制。

关键词：单片机；照明灯；PWM；红外检测；光敏检测

Abstract

This paper is based on the MCU control of human body induction and automatic dimming home intelligent lamp design. China consumes a huge amount of electricity each year from useless lighting, which is mainly generated in stairwells, street lamps and toilet lamps. With the development of technology, more and more smart homes appear in our daily life, such as smart washing machines, smart air conditioners, smart rice cookers and so on. Therefore, in order to protect the environment and respond to the implementation of national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, this paper designs a kind of human body induction and automatic dimming home intelligent lamp based on SCM control.

The system controls and coordinates the various parts by AT89C52 single chip microcomputer. The infrared detection module, the photosensitive detection module and the PWM dimming technology are combined to realize the automatic adjustment of the light brightness. The principle of PWM dimming is that under the premise of not changing the PWM square wave period, by changing the duty cycle of PWM to control the output voltage to the floodlight so that the floodlight appears different brightness. The principle of the infrared detection module is that when the module detects that there is a human body near the floodlight and the ambient light is weak, the module ACTS as a switch to make the floodlight open. The brightness of the floodlight and the regulation are controlled by the photosensitive detection module and PWM circuit. In order to achieve energy-saving effect, when the infrared detection module cannot detect the presence of someone, the floodlight will be automatically extinguished after 1 minute of continuous illumination. In order to improve the adaptability of the system and meet the needs of different people, a manual control mode was added to the system design. When the system is adjusted to manual mode, the brightness of the floodlight is controlled by manual operation.

Key words: MCU; Light; PWM. Infrared detection; Photosensitive detection