2019届高三二轮复习英语专题强化卷：专题二阅读理解说明类

专题二《阅读理解说明类》（90分钟，90分）考点01：01 冠词 3颗星考点02：代词 3颗星考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星考点04: 名词 3颗星考点05：主谓一致 5颗星考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星考点10：定语从句 3颗星考点13：状语从句 3颗星考点14：特殊句式 2颗星考点17：阅读理解说明文 5颗星一、阅读理解1 Some of the world’s most f amous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the sa me,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualiz ation. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of Jazz.B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz.C.The Story of a Jazz Musician.D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.2 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It's delicate.B.It's expensive.C.It's complex.D.It's portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet's center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet3. It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this isn’t accepted by all people.Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact, if education is just a way of mak ing a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even language and maths need not be taught in detail(详细地), either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man.It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities.After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of cation is to make a man lead a better cated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and take an interest in the world.I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.1.People with little education usually ________.A.spend a long time in schoolB.have a good chance to get a jobC.spend the best years to choose jobsD.have fewer chances to get a good job2.The earliest education was probably to ________.A.make a man lead a better lifeB.teach a man to write and readC.make people get a way of livingD.teach people to read good books3.The underlined word“well-rounded”in the passage means “________” in Chinese.A.圆满的B.崭新的C.公平的D.全面的4.It is expected that educated people will be able to ________.A.accept education as a way of livingB.take an interest in the whole worldC.develop their abilities to make playsD.learn subjects like language and math4. Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots anda tent.A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.The body clock is an internal sy stem that tells our bodies when it’s time to go to sleep and when it’s time to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the a mount of melatonin (褪黑激素) circulating in a person’s blood at any given time.In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime,stay high through the night,and then settle back down when it’s time to wake up.In our modem society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is,your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning,which leads to fatigue.It may also have other health consequences as well,such as diabetes(糖尿病),overweight and heart disease.Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited(招募)fourteen physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip,while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend,the researchers reported that in just two days,the campers’ body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast,the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast,”W right said.Therefore,if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesn’t work,there’s always camping.1.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?A.To explain how a lack of sleep is bad for our health.B.To inform us of a possible way to adjust the body clock.C.To analyze how the body clock influences our sleeping habits.D.To explore how the body clock is connected with melatonin levels.2.The underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 probably means“__________”.A.tirednessB.excitementC.refreshmentD.pressure3.What did Wright’s team discover from their experiment?A.The body clocks of the two groups didn’t show much difference.B.The body clocks of those who stayed at home remained the same.C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.D.Changes to the body clock don’t necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.4.According to the passage,to change our sleeping habit,we’d better_______.A.set an alarm clock to wake us up on time in the morningB.try to reduce melatonin levels as much as possible at nightC.spend several weeks staying in the open air every now and thenD.get exposed to more natural light in the day but less artificial light at night二、语法填空5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。