主谓一致

主谓一致

在英语中，要特别注意句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。我们称之为“主谓一致”。例如：I am a student and my mother is a teacher.

我是个学生，我妈妈是名教师。

I go to school and my mother goes to work every day.

每天，我去上学，我妈妈去工作。

Ⅰ、并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系

一、由and连接主语时可分为下列四种情况：

1) 主语A，B表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.

李明和张华是好学生。

Both the parents and the children are here.

父母和孩子们都在这里

Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.

听、说、读、写都很重要。

注意：both A and B作主语。谓语动词用复数。

2）主语A．B表示同一个人、物或概念时谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：Ａjournalist and author lives in the sixth flat.

一个新闻记者兼作家的人住在第六层。

注意：同一个人只能用一个冠词，如果是不同的两个人就要用两个冠词。

例如：A boy and a girl are playing tennis.

一个男孩和一个女孩正在打网球。

3）主语A，B之前有each ．every，many a，no等修饰语时谓语动词用单数。

Each boy and each girl is invited.

每一个男孩和每一个女孩都受到了邀请。

Every boy and girl is invited.

所有的男孩和女孩都被邀请。

No boy and no girl is there now.

现在那儿没有任何男孩和女孩。

Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.

许多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。

4）主语A, B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数

A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.（视为一件事）

一项关于环保的法规已制定出来。

Bread and butter is nutritious.（视为一种食物）

奶油面包有营养。

注意：a great/good many＋复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。

A great/good many people were killed in this traffic accident.

在这次交通事故中许多人死了。

all＋不可数名词→谓语动词用单数

all十可数名词复数→谓语动词用复数

All whiskey is expensive for me.

所有的威士忌对我来说都很贵。

All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly.

所有的鸟都有翅膀，但并不是所有的鸟都会飞。

重要：表示一个整体的“A and B'

law and rule 法规

fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条

knife and fork 刀叉

a horse and carriage 马车

二、由or; not only ...but(also)...；either ... or; neither ... nor连接主语时谓语的人称和数与靠近谓语的主语以一致（即：就近原则）

Either you or I am mad. 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。

Neither you nor he is naughty. 你和他都不调皮。

Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

不仅是这位老农夫，连他的家人都待我很好。

三、主语A，B由with，along with，together with，besides，except，as well as连接时。谓语动词仅和第一个主语(A)保持一致。

A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.

一个有5000册书的图书馆被作为礼物送给了这个国家。

She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.

她和其他女孩打算去另一个超市。

A peasant, together with some soldiers is about to help us.

一个农民和一些士兵即将来帮助我们。

Ⅱ、成双成套的事物名称作主语时谓语用复数。如：glasses眼镜；jeans牛仔裤；scissors剪子；shoes 鞋；trousers/pants裤子；clothes衣服；goods货物等。

例如：My trousers are white and his clothes are black. 我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。

All the goods are very expensive. 所有的货物都很贵。

Ⅲ、动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数

To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

Swimming is a good way to keep health. 游泳是个健身的好方法。

Who is her father is not known. 谁是她父亲尚不得知。

Ⅳ、几种特殊情况

1）主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：Two kilometers is not very far. 两公里不算远。

Two hours is enough. 两个小时足够了。

2）数词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如：Three times three makes nine. 三乘三等于九。

3）one/ every one/ each one/ each/ anyone十of＋复数名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数。

例如：Each of them/Each boy has a slide. 他们每个人／每一个男孩有一副滑板。

4）neither/either/ none of＋不可数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。

例如：None of that money in the desk is his. 书桌里的那笔钱不是他的。

5）none/ neither/either/ none＋of +可数名词复数作主语可用单复数两种形式。

例如：None of his classmates knows the truth.=None of his classmates know the truth.

他的同学们都不知道真相。

Neither of them is/are right.=Neither is right.

他们两个中没有一个是对的。

Either of them is right.=Either is right.

他们两个之中有一个是对的。