QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书
随钻震击器使用说明书
文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一 BZ随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1.概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体,可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
它在不需要震击时,是钻柱的一部分,需震击时,随时可作业,因而提高了工作效率。
2.结构与工作原理。
结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。
内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图(图中未画出曲屈接头)。
本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。
上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置,即准备出发(解锁)状态。
图二为局部放大图。
上图为准备击发位置。
运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合,运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。
当钻柱上提,通过上接头1,上控制套3,中部套筒28,下控制套37,下调节套29,压缩弹簧管25,26,27使运行套21相对摩擦衬套下移。
当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时,运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开,运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出,如图二中图。
此时钻柱储备的能量释放,向上震击。
下放钻柱,整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态,即准备击发状态。
重复上述操作,就可使钻具解卡。
下击工作原理在运行套的上部,还有一组三件与26,27,28完全相同的弹簧管。
当下压钻柱时,通过上接头1,上控制套3,上调节套18,压缩上面一组弹簧管。
运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行,钻柱储能。
当达到预定的吨位,运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应,运行衬套涨开,运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出,产生下击,与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。
3.使用与操作下井前的准备震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格,见本说明书第5节。
下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。
钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分,并承受最少5吨的张力。
BZ型震击器最好是在张力状态下工作,但也可在压力状态下工作,可把震击器接入张力压力平衡点以下,承受5吨的压力。
震击式标准振摆仪使用说明书
震击式标准振摆仪使用说明书一、震击式标准振摆仪概述:ZBSX-92A震击式标准振摆仪适用于公路、建筑、地质冶金科研等部门的试验室对物料进行筛分分析,每次开机5分钟,既方便又简单完成分级工作。
整套结构由电动机控制箱,摆动座、定时器、夹筛盘、套筛等部分组成。
具有体积小、重量轻、外泽美观优雅,其结构先进,性能良好,转幅度大,振击力强,筛分效果好,使用装夹方便灵活。
好仪器,好资料,尽在沧州建仪()。
欢迎查询。
打造中国建仪销售第一品牌,树立沧州产品全新形象二、震击式标准振摆仪主要结构性能:主要由摆动机构,震击机构,夹紧机构等部分组成。
电动机通过转动轴,蜗轮付带摆动架上的主偏心轴旋转,从而又连带动其它两个付偏心轴回转促使整个筛组的摆动半径供应商,也等于偏心距的平面圆周摆动。
同时在同一台电动机带动另一对蜗轮付通过凸轮,顶杆装有筛组的摆动架,周期地顶起靠自重下落在机座的砧座上,使摆动架得到平面圆周摆动的同时进行震击。
三、震击式标准振摆仪主要特点:具有体积小,重量轻外型美观,装备自动停止装置,结构先进,性能良好,转幅度大,振击力强筛选效果好,能耗低,运行高效,耐磨性高,使用装夹套筛方便灵活等优点。
四、震击式标准振摆仪技术参数:1、筛子直径:300mm/200mm2、震幅;8mm3、振击次数:147次/分4、筛摇动次数:221次/分5、回转半径:12.5mm6、电机功率:0.75KW7、电压380V五、震击式标准振摆仪校准规程l、外观检查:1.1开启振筛机,检查各电器元件和机械零部件是否安全可靠。
2、振幅检测:2.1在振筛机停止状态下,用直板尺0mm刻度,对齐托盘上边缘,用手盘动传动装置,在托盘到最高点时,读取直板尺刻度,即为振幅,标准振幅为8mm,允许偏差为±lmm。
3、筛摇动次数的检测:3.1开启振筛机,用秒表计时,数5秒时间内筛子摇动次数,连续测3次,并计算出其平均摇动次数。
3.2筛摇动次数的标准值为221次/分,允许偏差±2次/分。
QJ-A型随钻震击器操作规程
QJ-A型随钻震击器操作规程1、概述QJ-A 型是一种全液压式随钻震击器,适用于各种钻井作业,使用时随钻具组合下井。
在正常钻井过程中因某种原因发生井下遇阻或卡钻时,可以通过提拉或下放钻柱,及时启动震击器产生向上或向下的震击力,来处理井下遇阻或卡钻,使钻井作业得以顺利进行,同时避免遇阻或卡钻进一步演化成为事故,造成更大的经济损失。
其主要特点如下:〈1〉上、下击一体,整机长度短,结构合理,安全可靠。
〈2〉上、下击释放力的大小可以在地面不解体的状态下分别进行调节,且调节操作非常简便易行,释放力大小的调节精确、稳定。
〈3〉属机械式震击器,产品性能受高温、腐蚀性介质等工作环境的影响小,能在较高井底温度和空气介质中工作,适用于包括欠平衡钻井在内的钻井作业。
2、结构原理QJ-A 型全机械式随钻震击器,主要由连接机构、密封机构、锁紧机构、弹性机构和打击机构组成。
结构示意见图(注:该示意图与实物不成比例)。
工作原理如下:当需要上击时,上提钻柱使震击器的心轴随之向上运动,弹性机构总成受力而产生弹性变形。
随着大钩拉力的不断增加,弹性机构总成的变形也随之增大。
当拉力达到锁紧机构上击标定释放力时,卡瓦突然完全张开,并嵌入卡瓦套内棱带中,锁紧装置打开,震击器进入了自由打击状态,卡瓦心轴失去卡瓦的约束,快速运动到固定行程的极限位置,打击机构即发生打击,从而产生强大的上击力。
然后,需下放钻柱使震击器复位,以备下次震击或继续钻进。
同理,当需要下击时,适当下放钻柱,直到施加到震击器上的压力达到锁紧机构的下击标定释放力。
此时,卡瓦突然完全张开,并嵌入卡瓦套内棱带中,锁紧装置打开,卡瓦心轴失去锁紧机构的约束,快速移动到固定行程的另一极限位置,打击机构即发生打击,从而产生强大的下击力。
然后,上提钻柱使震击器复位,以备下次震击或者继续钻进。
QJ-A 型随钻震击器可以通过调节上击调节螺母或下击调节螺母来改变释放力的大小。
调节上击调节螺母或下击调节螺母时,改变了卡瓦完全张开时弹性机构总成需要的压缩长度,从而改变了释放力的大小。
JZ型机械式随钻震击器
2、技术参数
型号 外径 内径 mm mm 接头螺纹 API 最大抗拉负荷 最大工作扭矩 MN k N·m 开泵面积 cm2 上击行程 mm 下击行程 mm 总长(锁紧位置) mm
JZ95 JZ121 JZ159Ⅲ JZ165 JZ178 JZ203
95
28
27/8REG NC38 NC46 NC50 NC50 65/8REG
jz型机械式随钻震击器机械表钻数男机械魔法背击苏州天钻机械神圣震击宏震击监视器和保险箱震击器钻展点击率裂震钢钻法术作用于一体,采用全机械式的随钻 震击器。其上、下震击负荷范围比较广,可以在维修站或现场 根据需要进行调节。特殊的挠性接头可以有效地降低震击器本 体的挠应力,因此它是打直井、深井、复杂井和定向井的首选 随钻震击工具。
0.8 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5
8 13 15 15 15 20
32 60 100 100 100 176
200 198 149 149 147.5 144.5
200 205 166 166 167.5 176.5
5800 6 343 6 517 6 517 6 570 7 244
121 51.4 159 57 165 57 178 57 203 71.4
强震仪用户手册
第1章开始1.1 前言本用户手册包含关于GDQJ-II数字记录器的命令和信息。
第1章和第2章描述如何安装记录器和外部设备。
第3章描述仪器的配置和操作。
第4章叙述记录器的维护和服务。
第5章提供技术系统概述和总体操作的摘要描述。
第6章讨论高级安装程序。
阅读本手册时最好安装和运行GDQJ 4.0版监控软件。
1.2 介绍GDQJ-II是一台三通道数字记录器。
当配置一台三分量力平衡加速度计(传感器)时组成一套数字强震仪。
可选GPS时间系统和MODEM远程拨号系统。
GDQJ-II数字记录器包含三通道24bit模-数转换器。
采样率为50sps,100sps,200sps和400sps。
在采样率为200sps时提供大约120dB 动态范围。
降低采样率可以提高动态范围。
记录器具有8Mb(4M字)事件存储能力。
一般的讲,其工作原理是:传感器捡拾地面运动加速度信号,记录器连续地监视这些信号,看其是否满足地震事件检测临界(触发条件)。
当信号满足触发条件时,记录器在事件存储器上记录一个事件文件。
事件文件数据可以经过MODEM和公用电话网远程收取,也可以在现场通过直接电缆收取。
记录器也可以实时传送一个连续的数字数据流。
为了收取和处理数据,需要一个IBM兼容的PC机,运行Windows98,Windows 2000或Windows NT 4.0操作系统。
记录器安装在一个防水机箱内。
内部包括:·记录器电路板(三块)。
·浮充电蓄电池(12V,12Ah)。
·GPS时间系统OEM电路板。
仪器前面板有:·三分量力平衡加速度计(传感器)连接器。
·辅助口连接器,可提供高级特性。
·RS-232连接器,可接直接电缆或MODEM电缆。
·电源开关。
·外触发按钮开关。
·GPS使用开关。
·秒脉冲指示灯。
·记录指示灯。
仪器侧面前右卡簧下有GPS天线连接器。
使用液压随钻震击器
序号 1 2 3 准备工作 考 核 项 目 考核内容及要求 挡好天车大绳,大钩、吊环要拴保险绳; 检查井架,大绳及刹车机构应安全可靠 校正好指重表 配分 2 2 2 未检查扣2分 未检查扣2分 未检查扣2分 位置不对未使震击器在受拉状态下工作 扣5分 未用提升短节将震击器吊上钻台扣2分 未按要求操作一项扣1分 不符合要求扣5分 将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位 扣5分 未按要求操作一项扣1分 评分标准
4
5 6 7 8 9
钻具组合
震击器一般接装在钻具的中和点偏上位置,使震击器在受拉状态下工作
将准备好的震击器用提升短节吊上钻台,严防撞击。
5
2 3 5 5 3
在连接螺纹处涂好密封脂,按规定扭矩将震击器拧紧在钻柱上,提起钻柱、取下 上轴卡箍(保管好)。
起、下钻 作 业 震击器在井内起、下钻过程中,始终处于拉开状态。 若起、下钻过程中,决不允许将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位(即上轴镀 铬面的外露部分),以防损坏上轴。 起钻时,上轴呈拉开状态,必须在上轴镀铬面处装好卡箍,方可编入立柱放在钻 杆盒内。
上击解卡
13
上提钻柱时用中等程度的震击力,以后逐渐增加。上击时,指重表显示的吨位应 下降。 如果上提震击器不震击,可能是震击器没有完全回位,可重新下放钻柱,此次应 比上一次下放的吨位大一些。若再不震击,应分析原因或将震击器起出维 修。 按上述步骤,可反复进行上击。 下放钻柱对震击器施加约98KN的压力,关闭震击器。 上提钻柱,使震击器被拉开一定行程,在方钻杆上作一刻度来测量拉开行程。
10
11 12
操作前必须正确计算震击器作业时指重表的读数(上提吨位)。
震击器作业时指重表的读数(上提吨位)=震击器上部的钻具重量+所需的震击 吨位+钻具与井壁的摩擦阻力(估算),所需的震击吨位不允许超过最大 震击吨位。 下放钻柱对震击器施加约为98KN的压力,关闭震击器。
随钻震击器使用说明
目录文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一BZ随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1.概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体,可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
它在不需要震击时,是钻柱的一部分,需震击时,随时可作业,因而提高了工作效率。
2.结构与工作原理。
2.1 结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。
内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图(图中未画出曲屈接头)。
本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。
2.2 上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置,即准备出发(解锁)状态。
图二为局部放大图。
上图为准备击发位置。
运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合,运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。
当钻柱上提,通过上接头1,上控制套3,中部套筒28,下控制套37,下调节套29,压缩弹簧管25,26,27使运行套21相对摩擦衬套下移。
当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时,运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开,运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出,如图二中图。
此时钻柱储备的能量释放,向上震击。
下放钻柱,整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态,即准备击发状态。
重复上述操作,就可使钻具解卡。
2.3 下击工作原理在运行套的上部,还有一组三件与26,27,28完全相同的弹簧管。
当下压钻柱时,通过上接头1,上控制套3,上调节套18,压缩上面一组弹簧管。
运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行,钻柱储能。
当达到预定的吨位,运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应,运行衬套涨开,运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出,产生下击,与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。
3.使用与操作3.1 下井前的准备3.1.1震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格,见本说明书第5节。
3.1.2下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。
3.1.3钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分,并承受最少5吨的张力。
QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(英文)
QY-A DRILLING JAR OPERATION MANUALBEIJING PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.SEP 2010ForewordThis new kind of drilling jar, including its structure, principle and application is introduced in this manual. After the drilling jar being used and repaired by customers, its reliability and performance may have some changes. These changes depend on the application conditions and maintenance level.Because of the continuous improvements on the products, some details in the manual may not be same as in actual operation. These differences don’t affect the understanding of the product's structure, the performance and the application by customers. If having any questions, please contact us.The service-life of the drilling jar and operation effects are related with not only designing and manufacturing but also properly operating of customers.We would like to supply customers with high quality products in compliance with specification of the quality assurance system of ISO9001, and also hope that the operators can carefully read the manual to insure the performance of products and successfully achieve the expectant drilling operations.The drilling jar and the information in this manual may not be suitable in some special applications. The operator should make right judgment on the selection and the application of the drilling jars.As the continuous improvements on the drilling technology, the customers will have new requirements on the application. We will be very happy to continuously improve our products to meet your special requirements.Welcome to contact us by the following methods!BPM Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co.Address: No. 41 Zhixin Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China86-10-62098867Fax: 86-10-62311837,Phone: 86-10-83597657(Sale)86-10-83597659(Technical)Homepage: E-mail: bpm.tech@Content (1)1. Description2. Model Illustration (1)3. Principle (1)4. Application Notice (3)in the BHA (3)4.2 Position4.3 Frictionthe drill string (4)of (4)4.4 Pump-openForce4.5 Jarring up (5)4.6 Jarring down (5)4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release force (5) (6)5. Maintenance5.1 Preparation (6)5.2 Disassembling Procedure (7)Procedure (8)5.3 Assembling5.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiter (9)6. Test & Oil Filling (10)Filling (10)6.1 Oil6.2 Release force test (10)6.3 Sealing Test (11)7. Trouble & Solutions (11)8. Damageable Components (12)9. Notices for Ordering (12)1. DescriptionQY-A hydraulic drilling jar is a new kind of drilling jar which is suitable for a wide range of drilling operations. This drilling jar overcomes the defects of pure mechanical drilling jar or pure hydraulic drilling jar and combines with merits of them. Mechanical lock and hydraulic delay works together in the process of jarring up and jarring down.The QY-A drilling jar has following features:1) It can avoid unexpected strike effectively.2) No need any safety clamps or other special actions on the drilling or tripping.3) Free position in the BHA (in tension, neutral or compression).4) Mechanical lock unit is not affected by the torque.5) The release force of jarring up or down can be adjusted on the drilling platform. Its operation isvery simple, exact and stable.6) Hydraulic delay allows the driller to adjust the jarring up or down force.7) Enclosed oil chambers increase seals and components life.8) Suitable to work in high temperature situation.9) It is an ideal tool for controlled directional well and horizontal well.2. Model Illustration3. PrincipleThe structure of QY-A drilling jar is shown in Figure 1, which be made up of housings, mandrels, valve unit, spring unit and lock unit and so on.QY-A is a new kind of drilling jar which combines the mechanical with hydraulic structures. The hook lifts the drill strings to make the mandrel move up, the spring unit takes place elastic deformation at the pull or push. The more energy from the hook, the spring unit does the greater deformation. When the deformation reaches high-point, the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar isCode (Drilling jar with adjustable release force)pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these series actions. The trip mandrel moves to the limit position quickly along its fixed path. After striking, set down the drill strings to make the jar reset for drilling or striking.Figure 1 the Structure of QY-A Drilling Jar Friction SleeveSpline MandrelStabilizerSpline Housing Upper Valve Housing Hydraulic Cylinder Lower Valve HousinSealBack NutSafe RingUpperValveMandrelValve UnitLower Valve MandrelUpper control HousingMiddle Control HousinConnect UnitLower HousingBottomTripLimiterLock ScrewUpper Adjusting SleeveSpring UnitPistonOil PlugLower Adjusting SleeveExtendedTrip SleeveLocated SleeveAdjusting SleeveWhen jarring down is needed, push the drilling jar until the pressure exceeds the release force. The lock unit opens soon and the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar is pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these seriesactions. The trip mandrel moves to limit position quickly along its fixed path producing huge jarring down force. The lock unit locked again when the drilling string is pulled, then the drilling or striking can be continued.The release force on the drill strings can be adjusted by the adjusting sleeve and the connect unit. In the adjustment process, first disassemble the cover screw, and then turn the adjusting sleeve by the spanner or the screwdriver alongside the thread to make an axial displacement and thus adjust the release force.4. Application Notice4.1 Prepare before down-hole operationThe drilling jar in the down-hole operation must be new or repaired after being used. The continuous working period of a new drilling jar for a single trip may not exceed more than 500 hours, not more than 300 hours for a repaired one. In high temperature or under the condition of acrid medium in the well fluid, it is not suitable to work for a long time. To avoid failure, the drilling jar should be repaired after being used in down hole, or else it is forbidden to use again.4.2 Position in the BHAJarring up or down of the hydraulic drilling jar is a whole section, and this can be subjected to a slightly pull force or push. In order to avoid free vibration of drill string affecting the jar’s life, it is important to avoid putting the jar on a neutral point of drill string. An ideal position is below the neutral point of the drill string, and this can make the pressing force on the drill string equal to the pump-open force.The drilling jar must be placed at the right position in the BHA to guarantee its proper effects and avoid some accidents. The jar's proper position is determined to the well conditions. Generally, the lower position, the better effect. In addition, the large pull or push force could result in unexpected strike.(1) Disposal on the lower location of the assembly (be pushed).The drilling jar is located above one drill collar at least where the collar is above the top centralizer.The drill collars located between a centralizer and a drilling jar can make the jar safer. For example, the drilling jar can not be stuck and dislodged by the rock cutting deposit. If a shock absorber locates in the drill strings, the drilling jar should be above it.(2) Disposal on the upper location of the assembly (be pulled).If it is predicated that the drill collars occur drill pipe stuck caused by pressure difference, the jar should be assembled on the position which is high enough in the drilling strings and always above the stuck point. But the disadvantage is that the distance between the jar and the stuck point would be too long and it could affect the jarring effect if the bit or the centralizers are stuck.4.3 Friction of the drill stringFriction is a kind of force generated between the drilling tool and borehole wall. Its empirical value is 50 kN ~200 kN. The friction is relevant with the BHA, mud condition and well bore structure. The force should be determined by the work site.During practical operation, the operators should exactly estimate the friction of the drill string.4.4 Pump-open ForcePump-open force is a kind of force exerting on the jar caused by the mud pressure in the drill strings in normal running. If the mud pressure is high enough, it will pull the jar open. Thus, the hook weight should deduce the pump-open force in the jarring up or down when calculates the force.The pump-open force is proportional to the pressure in the drill string and the piston equivalent area. So the pump-open force can be work out following:Pump-open force (kN) = piston area (mm2) -pumping pressure (MPa) ×10-3The piston equivalent area is related to the structure of the drilling jar. The pump-open force of QY-A drilling jar lists on the below table 1.Table 1 the Pump-open Force of QY-A Drilling Jar (kN)QY203AQY229AModel QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178APiston Area/mm24806 7835 7835 10722 13823 18850Pump Pressure/MPa971327555557 341381881077810 487819415026411014 6711027637721420 961571574.5 Jarring upWhen the jarring up is needed, lifting the drill strings to make the pull force reach the standardrelease force of the jar, an up-strike force would be produced. Pushing the drilling tools to make the jarreturn the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effectof continuous up strike. In jarring up, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar + frictional force on the drill strings +standard release force - pump-open force4.6 Jarring downWhen the jarring down is needed, lowering down the string to make the press force reach thestandard release force of the jar, a down-strike force would be produced. Pulling the drilling tools tomake the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps willachieve the effect of continuous down strike. In down strike, the hook load is calculated as follows: Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar - standard release force- Frictional forceon the drill strings - pump-open force4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release forceWe can make use of the adjusting sleeve on cover screw of the drilling jar by the spanner or thescrewdriver to adjust the release force. The upper adjusting sleeve is used for adjusting the up-strikerelease force, and the lower adjusting sleeve for the down-strike release force.There are 25 adjusting grooves on the circumference of the nut that is made letters on the bottomof the grooves. It marks "+" and "-" beside the cover hole, which represents the increase or the decreasedirection of the release force. Letters near the cover hole represent the position of the standard releaseTable 2 the adjusting value every grooveforce on ex-works or on the maintenance.During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), when the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve can’t be adjusted, it reaches limited position, i.e. maximum or minimum release force.Notice: During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), lock screw is forbidden to be disassembled or loosen.The every groove can adjust the release force as table 2. On the actual application, adjust the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve every time for one or a number of limiting grooves and record theletter till it reaches the proper tons. It canachieve the adjustment of the force5. MaintenanceOnce the new drilling jar continuously works in the down hole more than 500 hours or 300 hours for the repaired one, it must be checked and disassembled. It is suggested that the drilling jar should be abandoned after it has worked for 1500 hours or 2 years.Before disassembly, the drilling jar should be tested and the data should be recorded.5.1 Preparation①Break-out / Make-up equipment and proper tools, including pipe wrench, chain wrench, nylon slinging belt, etc. is needed.②Sealing and wearing parts. Model Adjusting Value (kN) QY121A 25QY159A 30 QY165A 30 QY178A 40 QY203A 50QY229A 60╋ ╋Page 7 of 12③Lubricants, molybdenum disulfide(MoS 2) lubricant oil and L-HM 32 hydraulic oil. ④Technical files and service drawings of the drilling jar. 5.2 Disassembling ProcedureIn disassembly, it is forbidden to damage sealing surfaces or outer surface of the thin wall housing. Before the disassembly, the drilling jar must be in reset position.The housing threads of the drilling jar are cone screw threads and painted Y680 bounded agent. Locally heat the connection place of all cone screw thread to make bounded agent invalid for dismantling. The surface temperature after heating cannot go beyond 250 and it is noticed that the ℃heating area cannot extend to protect seal parts from damage.(1) Before the disassembly, confirm the drilling jar in the reset (latched) position. Then prepare the oilcontainer, disassemble the oil plug by a spanner, empty the hydraulic oil in the cavity and disassemble the cover screws and lock screws. (2) Disassemble the bottom sub.(3) Disassemble the piston with the special tool and valve unit.(4) Disassemble the lower housing. After loosen the threads, hoist and dislodge it horizontally by thehanging belt. Take notice of the coaxial with upper control housing and the rest.(5) Disassemble the connect unit, turn out the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of thembefore turning out.)(6) Disassemble the middle control housing. The disassembly way is same as the lower housing. Takeout the spring unit, separating sleeve, lining, friction sleeve and adjusting ring in the middle housing in sequence.(7) Disassemble the trip sleeve. First disassemble the extended mandrel, seize up the bottom end ofthe trip sleeve by the hanging belt and pulling it out by assembling test unit. Take out the separating sleeve and the spring unit on the mandrel in sequence.(8) Disassemble the upper control housing. The way is the same as the lower control housing. And turnout the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of them before turning out.) (9) Disassemble the lower valve housing.(10) Disassemble the lower valve mandrel and the valve unit.(11) Disassemble the upper valve housing, as the way of the lower valve housing.(12) Disassemble the upper valve mandrel, the valve unit and the back nut.(13) Disassemble the spline housing, stabilizer and the spline mandrel.(14) Disassemble all the seal components.(15) Flush all the components by cleaning equipment. Check the injury status of the components. Afterchecking, the housings, the spline mandrel, the trip mandrel, friction sleeve, trip sleeve, spring unit, adjusting sleeve and the trip mandrel coupling should be detected. The displacements are replaced according to the destructive status.(16) After taking out the drilling jar from the well, all the seal components should be replaced every time.5.3 Assembling Procedure(1) Pick out invalid parts, substitute new available components and prepare a set of seal and the toolsfor oil injection.(2) Clip the stabilizer with the chain clamp of the assembling unit. First, assemble the wiper ring, sealring and supporting ring into the stabilizer. Then hoist the spline mandrel horizontally, and carefully boot the spline into it and pay attention not to damage the spline body and seal parts.(3) Insert the spline mandrel into the stabilizer(the bare length of the spline mandrel is about 310mm )(4) Assemble the orienting sleeve and seal components into the spline housing.(5) Assemble the clamp ring. Turn the back nut into the spline mandrel and install the spline mandreland the upper valve mandrel. Tighten the back nut and the upper valve mandrel.(6) Assemble the supporting ring to the upper valve mandrel; tighten it with the spline mandrel. Installthe seal part on the mandrel. Assemble the spline housing and upper valve housing together.(7) Pull the spline mandrel to the max trip and install the valve unit.(8) Assemble the seal parts and locker screw on the lower valve mandrel.(9) Assemble the hydraulic cylinder and upper valve housing.(10) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve housing, tighten the hydraulic cylinder and lower valvehousing together.(11) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve mandrel and tighten it with the upper valve mandrel andtrip mandrel (the special tool is needed).(12) Screw the upper adjusting sleeve into the upper control housing. When the distance between theend surface of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is “X” (the up strike is 0), the value of Page 8 of 12Page 9 of 12“X” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, install the upper control housing.Table3 the distance between the end surface of adjusting sleeve and that of housingModelDistanceQY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229AX 5 8.4 8.4 11.5 11.2 11.8 Y 4.7 8.4 8.4 11.8 11.6 12(13) Install the extended mandrel and the trip mandrel.(14) Assemble the spring unit and the separating sleeve on the mandrel in the order. Plug the trip sleeveinto the trip mandrel to make it into the groove, i.e. the reset position.(15) Assemble the bushing, adjusting ring, locating bush, and trip sleeve into the middle housing. Installthe middle housing.(16) Screw the lower adjusting sleeve into the connect unit and ensure that the distance between thehead face of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is Y (the down strike is 0), the value of “Y” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, then install the connect unit. (17) Assemble the seal part on the piston and tighten it with the extend mandrel. (18) Assemble the lower control housing with the rest. (19) Install the top sub and assembling is accomplished.All the threads should be screwed down according to the make-up torque on table 4.Table 4 the make-up torque list of the threads (kN·m)ModelthreadsQY121A QY159/165A QY178A QY203A QY229A torque feed torquefeed torque feed torque feed torque feed housings 14 MoS 2 25 Y68035 Y68045 Y680 60 Y680mandrels 5 MoS 2 8 MoS 28 MoS 211 MoS 2 11 MoS 2Mandrel/piston 4 MoS 2 7MoS 28MoS 29MoS 211MoS 25.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiterIf the release force can not meet the requirement after long time using, repairing and coordinating the limiter is a good solution. If the custom wants to ascend the max release force, pare the end face nearing the adjusting sleeve. The length calculates as this formula:Page 10 of 12L=fptΔ25 L: The pared length, mm.p: The adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch ,check it on table 5, mm.t: Difference between the max release force required on table 1and fact force, kN. Δf: Increase or decrease force dialing every groove of the upper/lower sleeve, kN.Table 5 the adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch (mm)Model QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229Ap 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.23 4.5 6.356.Test & Oil Filling6.1 Oil FillingWhen the drilling jar has been assembled, it must be filled the oil into the cavity before the release force test.The liquid in the drilling jar is L-HM32 hydraulic oil. During oil filling, the drilling jar is required in the reset position.First, inject the barrel of the pump with the filtrated L-HM32 hydraulic oil. Before injection, lift upward the hole on the jar and then incline it by the traveling hoist at the angle of more than 30 degrees, in addition the large end of the mandrel is upward.The following is the connecting way between the oil pump and the hole on the jar. The hosepipe on the oil injection pump is connected with the bottom housing; one end of the return line connects to the hole on the spline body, and the other end inserts into the tubing. After connecting, the pump starts up. Wait till the air bubbles in the return line disappear for a long time so that all the remnant air is discharged, disassemble the pipe, assemble the pipe plug, and then put down the jar in horizontal position, disassemble the feed pipe, and finally install the pipe plug on the bottom housing, completing oil filling.6.2 Release force testThe reassembled drilling jars must come up to the standard in the release force test and seal test before used.After oiling the just-assembled drilling jar, test it’s jarring up and jarring down force on the push-pullBefore the test, it is suggested to locate the limiter as pre-disassembled. Please reference”6.4 repair & coordinate limiter” if you want to adjust the max release force in the adjustable extent of the limiter.After setting up the release force, record the letter locating near the setting nut vessel, and print it on the labeled vessel nearing adjustable aperture(print it behind all the letters ),then assemble limit nut and adjustable nut.The drilling jar must be reset after having been tested.6.3 Sealing TestThe nozzle is plugged by special pressure test connection. One end of the high-pressure hose is connected with the water inlet on the sub, the other end with the outlet on the electric pump. Make the air vent upward and disassemble the plug on the vent.Start up the pump and inject water into the jar. When the water fills up the jar and overflows from the air vent, stop the pump and install the core vent. After the above steps, start the pump again. When the pump pressure is up to 30MPa, stop it and retain the pressure for 5 minutes. If the pressure drops less than 0.5MPa, it represents the pressure test is ok. Disassemble the subs on the two ends. After drying the hole, paint the sealing grease and assemble the screw protector.7. Trouble & SolutionsBecause of the simple structure and the reliability of the mechanical QY-A drilling jar, a new jar or a jar after a normal repair won't have trouble. The trouble shooting during the application is as follows:a. the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can not be adjusted(1) If the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can adjust only toward one way, it indicates that the drilling jar has already been the max or min release force position. It is normal.(2) The drilling jar is not reset .Please pull or push it aptly. Push make jar reset when the jar has been up jarring or pull after down jarring.(3) The tool is too small to adjust the sleeve, please change a bigger one.b. No strike after the drill string lifted up(1) The jar is already at up-strike position. More drill springs would be lowered down to make the drilling jar be pushed, and then lift the strings up.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar outPage 11 of 12(3) If the lock unit of the jar is stuck and lodged, lift up the jar and repair it.c. No strike after the drill string lowered down(1) The jar is already at down-strike position, pull jar and lower down the drill string again.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar out to modulate.(3) After the drilling jar strikes for many times, and if the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift the jar up and repair it.d. Vibration during normal drilling (unexpected strike)(1) If the release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low, the vibration on the drill string will cause unexpected strike. Try to decrease the vibration on the string or increase the release force on the drilling jar.(2) If the jar in BHA locates at an inappropriate position, it will undertake so much larger pull force or compress force in normal drilling operation. If unexpected striking down, try to decrease the drilling pressure or increase the position of the drilling jar on the drilling assembly; otherwise, if unexpected striking up, try to increase the drilling pressure or decrease the position.8. Damageable ComponentsAfter the jar has worked in the well one time, all the sealing parts must be replaced.Check the stress-containing and frictional parts. If having any damage, replace it. Damageable components and special tools are shown in the following additional table.9. Notices for Ordering(1) Model of the products should be written clearly and completely.(2) If having special requirements on the connect threads, please give us a detailed information when ordering. If no details, we will supply our standard supplies.(3) Name, order number and quantity should be written clearly if ordering spare parts and tools.Page 12 of 12Additional Table 1:Damageable Components of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9324610001 11 SplineSleeve 9314620004 22 SealHousing 9324610002 13 SplineNut 9314620008 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9324610004 16 Valve Unit 9314620200 2 complete setMandrel 9324610006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9324610009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9314631007 2Screw 9314620010 210 LockScrew 9314620011 211 CoverUnit 9314620100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9314630012 213 LocatedSleeve 9314630014 114 FrictionSleeve 9314630013 115 Trip16 TopSub 9324611010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIAdditional Table 1:Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 TopSub 9326211011 117 Seal Components 9326210900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve corePage II of 12Additional Table 1:Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 LowerHousing 9324610010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9314620810 Install valve mandrel and piston2 Screw Plug 9314630810 Install trip sleeve3 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIII。
Griffith 震击器
Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器使用手册1.1概述随钻震击器是连接在井下钻具组合中的一种工具,在钻井卡钻事故中能立即被用来对钻柱中的卡住部分产生震击作用,以达到解卡的目的。
随钻震击器一般分两种:一种是机械式;一种是液压式。
它们各有优缺点。
机械式随钻震击器的优点是:●在不需要震击时总是处在锁定位置;●在井下钻具组合的位置所受的限制较少;●在起下钻作业时不会发生意外震击;●起下钻作业时无特殊步骤要求;●钻台上不需要“安全卡瓦”和特殊处理步骤;●在正常钻进作业期间的磨损最小。
机械式随钻震击器的缺点为:●震击器在井下的震击力不可以变化;●当震击器锁定设置值被克服后会即刻震击,这种震击器有可能损坏提升设备(Hoisting Equipment);●旋转类型受扭矩影响(Rofary type affected by torque)。
液压震击器的优点是;●在井下的震击力可通过改变超载拉力(amcunt of overpull)来改变;●因有时间延迟,从而有时间在钻台带上刹车,以保护提升设备;液压震击器的缺点为:●起下钻作业或单独吊震击器时有可能意外震击;●在BHA钻具组合中的位置受限制,必须在钻具组合中总是处于张力状态;●在起下钻作业时有特殊步骤要求;●在钻台上操作时需要安全卡瓦(Safety collar);●在钻进时有轴向活动,这样加快了磨损速度;●在连续震击后,有容易出故障的名声。
1.2 Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的特点Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的开发,结合了液压和机械震击器的特点,克服了这两种震击器的固有缺点。
它的独特设计把液压延迟释放与机械锁定机理混合在一个相对较短的双作用随钻震击器上,使这种井下工具可提供几种相对传统液压或机械震击器的优点:●液压延迟时间允许操作者可施加不同的超载拉力(overpull),同时可应用刹车系统(draw-works drum brake)。
QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书
QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书北京石油机械厂2002年10月目 录 1概述...........................................................................................................1 2型号说明.................................................................................................1 3技术参数.................................................................................................1 4工作原理.................................................................................................3 5随钻震击器在钻具组合中的配置...............................................4 6摩擦力和开泵力的计算方法.........................................................4 6.1钻柱摩擦力............................................................................................4 6.2开泵力......................................................................................................4 7操作方法.................................................................................................5 7.1向上震击.................................................................................................5 7.2向下震击.................................................................................................5 7.3释放力调节方法..................................................................................5 8维修...........................................................................................................5 8.1准备...........................................................................................................5 8.2拆卸步骤.................................................................................................6 8.3装配步骤.................................................................................................6 9试验与充油............................................................................................7 9.1释放力试验............................................................................................79.2充油...........................................................................................................8 9.3密封试验.................................................................................................8 10故障及排除............................................................................................8 11订货须知.................................................................................................9 1 概述 QJ178A型随钻震击器是一种新型可调全机械整体式随钻震击器,它具有两个特点:一是上、下击一体,整机长度短,结构简单,安全可靠;二是上、下击的释放力大小可以分别调节,且调节简便易行、准确、稳定。
机械随钻震击器
(一)、Z SJ型随钻震击器X1. 概述J型随钻震击器是连接在钻具中,随钻具进行钻井作业的井下工具。
若在正常钻井Z SX过程中因种种原因井下发生遇阻、遇卡或卡钻时,可以启动震击器进行上击或下击,及时解除井下卡钻事故。
随钻上击器和随钻下击器是配套使用的,也可因井下作业需要,单独下井使用。
它是打定向井、深井必不可少的工具。
使用随钻震击器具有如下优点:1.1 随钻密封性能好,随钻具使用周期500小时左右,超过了一支钻头的使用时间,所以不会因随钻本身不能使用的原因而起钻影响纯钻时间。
1.2 可以随震击需要产生上击或下击。
1.3 解除井下卡钻事故迅速及时,而且震击效果好,这就给正常钻井作业带来了无比的优越性,不仅减少了事故,而且减少了因事故而带来的无法估计的经济损失。
1.4 使用时操作简单方便,而且便于记忆,上提即产生上击力,下放就产生下击力,因而司钻操作时不会搞错。
2. ZSJ型随钻上击器结构随钻上击器,由外筒部分、心轴部分、活塞部分和各部位的密封件组成。
外筒部分:刮子体、心轴体(左旋螺纹)、花键体、压力体、冲管体。
心轴部分:心轴、延长心轴、冲管。
活塞部分(锥体组件):锥体、旁通体、密封体、密封体油封。
3. ZSJ型随钻上击器工作原理3.1 上击器的回位随钻上击器采用液压工作原理实现上击,机构为锥形活塞结构,它是由锥体,旁通体,密封体和油封四件组成。
在钻井中,心轴呈拉开状态。
震击时,需先下放钻柱使心轴向下移动,此时锥体处上、下油腔的通道启开,油流畅通,上击器处于回位状态(上击器回位之力不得超过下击器下击吨位),直到心轴台肩碰到刮子体为止,产品完全关闭。
3.2 贮能过程上击器心轴向上运动时(即司钻上提钻具),密封体上端面与锥体下端面贴合,上、下油腔关闭,此时液压油只能从锥体底面的泄油槽通过,形成阻力,液压油受压,钻柱受拉伸产生弹性伸长,同时钻具贮存了能量,钻具继续伸长,储能相应增加。
3.3 释放震击过程当锥体活塞到达压力体的卸荷腔的瞬时,受压的液压油以极高速度沿锥体外表面向下腔流动,高压油腔突然减压,受拉的钻柱在弹性作用下以极高的速度向上运动,直到延长心轴上端面碰击到花键体花键下台肩面上,这就产生了猛烈的向上震击。
“文策”随钻震击器
“文策”随钻震击器使用说明书一、概述“文策”随钻震击器是一种机械—液压一体式随钻震击器。
它集上、下震击作用于一体,具有稳定的工作性能和强大的上、下震击力,可解除钻井作业过程中发生的井下遇阻、遇卡等事故,是定向井、深井钻进作业中优选推荐的震击工具。
二、型号表示方法1、现有型号规格系列及性能参数三、结构、工作原理。
1、结构“文策”随钻震击器是机械—液压结构,上击机构为液缸、阻力阀,位于随钻下部;下击机构为卡瓦、碟簧,位于随钻上部 (如图所示) 。
2、工作原理上击,下放钻柱使震击器完全关闭(处于锁紧位置),按从小到大吨位顺序上提钻柱,迫使碟簧、液缸储能,延时,当芯轴上行到解除阻力状态,钻柱中贮存的弹性势能转换成向上的动能,产生上击。
重复上述过程,可使工具再次上击。
下击,上下活动钻柱使震击器完全关闭(处于锁紧位置),下放钻柱,使碟簧压缩贮能,当震击器所受压力大于震击器预定下击解锁力时,卡瓦从芯轴上滑出,解除锁紧状态,产生下击。
重复上述过程,可使工具再次下击。
四、使用与操作1、下井前的检查随钻震击器下井前,应对照《工具跟踪卡》进行检查,确认合格后方可进行下步工作。
2、连接随钻震击器在钻柱中连接位置的确定(1)随钻震击器应连接在钻柱中和点附近,推荐的钻柱组合如下:下2根钻铤(外径不小于震击器外径)+“文策”震击器(芯轴端向上)+加长短节+2根钻铤(外径不大于震击器外径)上。
(2)在容易出现压差卡钻的地层,震击器应安装在井下钻柱组合相对靠上的位置,以防止震击器以上钻具发生卡钻。
(3)在容易出现机械卡钻的区域,震击器在井底钻柱组合中的安装位置可以相对靠下,以提高震击器的工作能力。
(4)震击器不能直接连接在扶正器上,至少在扶正器上有两根钻铤。
震击器的连接应该避开钻柱中的变扣接头,应位于变扣接头上、下至少两个单根。
震击器以上应该接入足够数量的钻铤、加重钻杆以提供足够的下击驱动力。
(5)震击器以上钻柱外径不得超过震击器的外径,避免震击器以上发生卡钻,震击器失去解卡作用。
地面震击器使用说明书
地面震击器使用说明书一、概述地面震击器是解除井内卡钻事故的有效工具,它连接在钻柱的地面部分,吨位调整机构在转盘面之上。
地面震击器工作时,我们能直观的感觉到它给被卡落鱼以强烈的下击力。
该工具震击震击吨位在转盘面之上就可以调节,是一种操作方便,设计巧妙,能提供连续下击的工具。
它不但能承受重载荷和强扭矩,而且密封性能良好,能承受高泵压。
经多年使用证明,地面震击器是一种安全、可靠、有效的解卡工具,深受各油田使用者的信任和欢迎。
二、用途地面震击器是在地面作业,无论是钻柱的任何部分被卡,或卡瓦类型的工具和捞具被卡,亦或是试测或修井、洗井的工具和堵塞工具被卡,均可使用地面震击器下击解卡。
它能在弯曲井或定向井中下击解卡,尤其是解除“键槽”卡钻的效果较好。
三、结构地面震击器由中心管总成、套筒总成和冲管总成等部件组成。
中心管总成包括上接头、中心管、卡瓦心轴和密封总成。
套筒总成包括下套筒、摩擦卡瓦、调节机构、滑套、上套筒和震击器接头。
冲管总成包括冲管和下接头。
中心管为外六方空心柱体,内孔是水眼,外正六方和震击器接头内正六方配合传送扭矩,且能上下灵活运动,中心管的上部公螺纹和上接头的母螺纹连接成一体,下部有安装密封总成的孔和与卡瓦心轴连接的母螺纹。
上接头的下端面和震击器接头的上端面为接触面。
震击器接头的下端面和中心管下部大直径的台肩面是撞击面。
密封总成是一种动密封,由密封座、内外“0”形密封圈、开口垫圈和垫圈组成,是隔绝中心管和冲管之间的泥浆进入磨擦机构,并能在冲管和密封总成作相对运动时起到扶正作用。
密封总成装入中心管下部和孔内,有一定的串动量,由卡瓦心轴的加厚油管扣限位。
在下套筒内,装有磨擦卡瓦和卡瓦心轴,下套筒的内孔是上小下大锥形体,有凸出的棱带,卡瓦可以在锥体的一定范围内上下运动。
磨擦卡瓦是一个开有纵向张大缩小槽的套,它的外径和内孔均有凸出的棱带;外径是上小下大的锥形体。
卡瓦心轴、磨擦卡瓦和下套筒配合组成磨擦机构,是地面震击器关键部分。
2021年最新6-“史密斯全液压式”随钻震击器现场操作指导卡
史密斯全液压式随钻震击器现场操作指导卡(2013)1前期检查使用人员对随钻震击器地合格证、标识、外观、二端连接螺纹进行检查,全部合格后方可入井使用;2钻柱中连接位置2.1 随钻震击器在钻柱组合中地位置执行钻井设计地规定,推荐如下:钻头+扶正器+钻铤若干(外径不小于随钻震击器外径)+全液压随钻震击器(芯轴端向上)+钻铤2~3 根+加重钻杆+钻杆;2.2 根据需要可考虑安放在钻柱中与点附近;防压差卡钻可安放在相对靠上地位置;防机械卡钻可安放在相对靠下地位置;3操作中注意事项3.1 使用方在装卸车时严防碰撞工具两端地丝扣,严禁在运输过程中将绳索绑在芯轴镀光面上;3.2 上下钻台,严防碰撞,按相应地钻铤上扣扭矩将随钻震击器上紧;3.3 下钻时,推荐先开泵循环,缓慢下放,防止下放遇阻或直通井底造成“人为下击”;3.4 随钻震击器正常钻进使用,应保持锁紧状态,不能承受过大地拉力或压力,防止误震击;禁止:夹持芯轴镀光部分,造成震击器报废;拆卸外筒连接螺纹,造成漏油及损坏;4随钻震击器现场保养及维护随钻震击器起出井口后,冲洗其外表面、芯轴镀光面、油堵部位地泥浆,检查本体、芯轴有无弯曲、胀大、超标磨损、坑槽,密封部位与密封件有无损坏失效,油堵、销堵为否松动泄漏等情况,两端配戴护丝;5工作原理全液压式随钻震击器地工作机构:上泻流阀—上阀芯轴、下泻流阀—下阀芯轴;上击工作过程:回位(锁紧状态)—上拉—延时—上击;下击工作过程:回位—下压—延时—下击;重复上述过程,可使随钻震击器循环工作;6 6.1 上下击操作随钻震击器回位6.1.1 向下回位,下放钻柱至指重表读数小于随钻震击器以上钻柱悬重 3 ~5 吨,使随钻震击器回位;6.1.2 向上回位,提升钻柱至指重表读数大于随钻震击器上部钻柱重量 3 ~5 吨,使随钻震击器回位;6.2 上击作业6.2.1 校准指重表,使随钻震击器回位,操作参照 6.1 条;6.2.2 以一定地拉力上拉钻柱,震击器解锁,液压延时,一般经过30~90 秒产生上击,延时时间长短与震击器受地拉力成反比;上击时,指重表读数简单地计算方法为钻柱卡点上部地钻柱悬重加上随钻震击器设定地上击解锁吨位(简称上击吨位),但实际上应考虑到井壁摩擦阻力、钻井液阻力、开泵效应、指重表误差等地影响;开泵力(等于泵压×随钻震击器开泵面积),泵压越高开泵力越大,相对于停泵打捞,随钻震击器上击所需地上拉力减少,下击所需地下压力增大;6.3 下击作业6.3.1 校准指重表,使随钻震击器回位,操作参照 6.1 条;6.3.2 下放钻柱,震击器解锁,液压延时,一般经过30~90 秒产生下击,延时时间长短与震击器受地压力成反比;下击时,指重表读数简单地计算方法为随钻震击器上部地钻柱悬重减去钻震击器设定地下击吨位,但实际上应考虑到井壁摩擦阻力、钻井液阻力、开泵效应、指重表误差等地影响;7 故障排除7.1 上击不工作7.1.1 随钻震击器未能完全回位,在弯曲井眼中可加大向下负荷,延长回位时间或停止循环泥浆,使上击易于回位;7.1.2 上拉力过小,弯曲井眼中可延长释放时间或加大上提拉力;7.2 下击不工作7.2.1 随钻震击器没有回位,应重新上提使其回位,或开泵使其易回位;7.2.2 下压力过小,弯曲井眼中可加大下压力;8 使用规定8.1 随钻震击器正常钻进使用,井温高于190℃时,工作240h;井温为150~190℃时,工作500h;井温在150 ℃以下,工作720h,应回收;8.2 随钻震击器钻进使用未到规定时间,但进行过猛烈震击作业或起钻后发现漏油、弯曲、胀扣、倒扣、芯轴镀光面损坏等异常情况,应回收;9资料填写使用方要准确填写《工具跟踪卡》,并在回收时随工具返回;10 规格及性能参数表规格及性能参数表型号4 3/4" 6 1/4" 8"项目外径121 159 203mm内径57 70 76mm上击行程203 203 203 mm下击行程178 178 178 mm芯轴总行程635 635 635 mm接头螺纹API NC35 NC46 NC56最大抗拉负荷kN 2046.08 3247.04 7116.80屈服扭矩kN·m28.47 67.79 159.98最大工作提拉载荷k N 355.84 667.20 1334.40″史密斯随钻震击器尺寸示意图6 1/4精品学习资料——勤奋,为踏入成功之门地阶梯第 5 页,共 6 页″史密斯随钻震击器尺寸示意图4 3/4精品学习资料——勤奋,为踏入成功之门地阶梯第 6 页,共 6 页。
震击器
第十节震击解卡工具钻具遇卡后,上提下放活动钻具,虽然有时也施加很大力量,但是这种力量的传递是柔性的,渐进式的,而震击解卡工具施于卡点的力量则是突然的,就像锤子敲击钉子一样,瞬时作用在单位面积上的力量则是很大的。
从动力学的观点来看,动能和物质的质量及运动的速度的平方成正比,震击解卡工具的特点就在于它以高速度来获得较大的动能去克服卡持钻具的力量。
震击解卡工具以其结构来说,基本上是液压式和机械式两种,它们的共同特点是:①必须能循环钻井液,中心要有循环钻井液的通道;②必须能传递扭矩,心轴与外筒之间不能有周向运动;③必须有高强度的密封,内液不能外泄,外液不能内渗;4要有储能机构,能把钻具伸长或压缩的弹性能积蓄起来,然后突然释放,产生高速运动;⑤要有震击偶,即一个撞击体和一个承击体组成一对相互矛盾的偶合体;6要有连接机构,因为它是连接在钻柱中间进行工作的,所以上下部都要有和钻柱相连的螺纹。
震击器种类很多,各部零件结构也有差异,但总的设计思路都是为了实现以上六项功能的,抓住了这一点,各种震击器的原理、结构就迎刃而解了。
震击作用是在相对运动中产生的,所以它必然有一个固定件和一个活动件,固定件和下部钻柱连接,处于相对固定状态,活动件和上部钻柱连接,随自由钻柱的拉、压而做上、下运动,其蓄能、释放、加速、撞击的过程,都是利用钻柱的上提下放来完成的。
一、液压上击器液压上击器是利用压缩油来积蓄能量的一种工具,型式也有多种,但基本结构相同,现以Z型液压上击器为例,加以说明。
1)结构如图液压上击器就是缸套与活塞的组合体,缸套部分做为固定件与下部钻柱连接,活塞部分做为活动件与上部钻柱连接。
①上缸体。
即心轴外套,中上部是一个光滑的圆筒,内有密封件,和心轴光杆部分形成动密封,使液压腔和外界隔绝。
下端为公细螺纹,与中缸体连接,其末端即承击体,内有母花键六个,和心轴的公花键相配合,用以传递扭矩。
上缸体上有油堵,是加液压油的地方。
②中缸体。
QJ-K机械式随钻震击器使用说明书(英文)
QJ-K MECHANICAL DRILLING JAROPERATION MANUALBEIJING PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.SEP 2010ForewordThis new kind of drilling jar, including its structure, principle and application is introduced in this manual. After the drilling jar being used and repaired by customers, its reliability and performance may have some changes. These changes depend on the application conditions and maintenance level.Because of the continuous improvements on the products, some details in the manual may not be same as in actual operation. These differences don’t affect the understanding of the product's structure, the performance and the application by customers. If having any questions, please contact us.The service-life of the drilling jar and operation effects are related with designing, manufacturing, and also properly operating of customers.We would like to supply customers with high quality products in compliance with specification of the quality assurance system of ISO9001, and also hope that the operators can carefully read the manual to give full play to the quality and the performance of products and successfully achieve the expectant drilling operations.The drilling jar and the information in this manual may not be suitable in some special applications. The operator should make right judgment on the selection and the application of the drilling jars.As the continuous improvements on the drilling technology, the customers will have new requirements on the application. We will be very happy to continuously improve our products to meet your special requirements.Welcome to contact us by the following methods!BPM Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co.Address: No. 41 Zhixin Road,Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaFax: 86-10-62311837Phone: 86-10-83597657(Sale)86-10-83597659(Technical)Homepage: E-mail: bpm.tech@Content1. Description (1)2. Model Illustration (1)3. Principle (1)4. Application Notice (3)4.1 Prepare before down-hole operation (3)4.2 Position in the BHA (3)4.3 Friction of the drill string (3)4.4 Pump-open Force (4)4.5 Jarring up (4)4.6 Jarring down (4)5. Maintenance (5)5.1 Preparation (5)5.2 Disassembling Procedure (5)5.3 Assembling Procedure (6)6. Test & Oil Filling (7)6.1 Oil Filling (7)6.2 Release force test (7)6.3 Sealing Test (8)7. Trouble & Solutions (8)8. Damageable Components (9)9. Notices for Ordering (9)Page 1 of 91. DescriptionQJ-K mechanical drilling jar is a new kind of drilling jar which is suitable for a wide range of drilling operations. In its design and manufacture, we consider some bad working conditions, such as high temperature, large torque and acrid medium etc. The products can meet the requirement on the offshore and onshore drilling.Compared with other drilling jars, it has two advantages. One is that up and down jarring are designed assembly, and its length is convenient to combine the tools. The other is that the release force is adjusted by properly increasing or decreasing an adjustment gasket in assembly to make it more reliable. So it needn't adjustment on rig site and its structure is very simple. As for the above, the tool is suitable for normal drilling operation and has a long term potential.2. Model Illustration3. PrincipleThe structure of QJ-K drilling jar is shown in the following figure, which be made up of housings, mandrels, locking unit, spring unit and so on.Locking unit is made of locking slip, latch mandrel and disc spring groups (see the structure figure). At the action of the pretightening force of disc spring groups, inside thread on the locking slip is slugged into four grooves on a latch mandrel. Meanwhile, the pretightening force can be transferred to a locking force by a locking pin. When the drilling jar is subjected to a pull force or a pressure from the drill string, the mandrel will gradually put a corresponding pull force (or a pressure) on the locking unit. Because of the push action on the cant of mandrel grooves, the slip is opened outward. When reached the standard release force, the mandrel is disengaged or released from the slip, and the jarring unit is stricken to produce a needed stroke force.Improved timePage 2 of 9Page 3 of 94. Application Notice4.1 Prepare before down-hole operationThe drilling jar in the down-hole operation must be new or repaired after being used. The continuous working period of a new drilling jar for a single trip may not exceed more than 500 hours, not more than 300 hours for a repaired one. In high temperature or under the condition of acrid medium in the well fluid, it is not suitable to work for a long time. To avoid failure, the drilling jar should be repaired after being used in down hole, or else it is forbidden to use again.4.2 Position in the BHAJarring up or down of the mechanical drilling jar is a whole section, and this can be subjected to a slightly pull force or push. In order to avoid free vibration of drill string affecting the jar’s life, it is important to avoid putting the jar on a neutral point of drill string. An ideal position is below the neutral point of the drill string, and this can make the pressing force on the drill string equal to the pump-open force.The drilling jar must be placed at the right position on the drilling assembly to guarantee its proper effects and avoid some accidents. The jar's proper position is determined by the well conditions. Generally, lower position, better effect. In addition, the large pull or push force could result in unexpected strike.(1) Disposal on the lower location of the assembly (be pushed).The drilling jar is located above one drill collar at least where the collar is above the top centralizer. The drill collars located between a centralizer and a drilling jar can make the jar safer. For example, the drilling jar can not be stuck and dislodged by the rock cutting deposit. If a shock absorber locates in the drill strings, the drilling jar should be above it.(2) Disposal on the upper location of the assembly (be pulled).If it is predicated that the drill collars occur drill pipe stuck caused by pressure difference, the jar should be assembled on the position which is high enough in the drilling strings and always above the stuck point. But the disadvantage is that the distance between the jar and the stuck point would be too long and it could affect the jarring effect if the bit or the centralizers are stuck.4.3 Friction of the drill stringFriction is a kind of force generated between the drilling tool and borehole wall. Its empirical value isPage 4 of 9 50 kN ~200 kN. The friction is relevant with the BHA, mud condition and well bore structure. The force should be determined by the work site.During practical operation, the operators should exactly estimate the friction of the drill string.4.4 Pump-open ForcePump-open force is a kind of force exerting on the jar caused by the mud pressure in the drill strings in normal running. If the mud pressure is high enough, it will pull the jar open. Thus, the hook weight should deduce the pump-open force in the jarring up or down when calculates the force.The pump-open force is proportional to the pressure in the drill string and the piston equivalent area. So the pump-open force can be work out following:Pump-open force (kN) = piston area (mm 2) pumping pressure (MPa) ×10-3The piston equivalent area is related to the structure of the drilling jar. The pump-open force of QJ-K drilling jar lists on the below table 2.Table 2 the Pump-open Force of QJ-K Drilling Jar (kN)4.5 Jarring upWhen the jarring up is needed, lifting the drill strings to make the pull force reach the standard release force of the jar, an up-strike force would be produced. Pushing the drilling tools to make the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effect of continuous up strike. In jarring up, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar + frictional force on the drill strings + standard release force - pump-open force4.6 Jarring downWhen the jarring down is needed, lowering down the string to make the press force reach thePage 5 of 9standard release force of the jar, a down-strike force would be produced. Pulling the drilling tools to make the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effect of continuous down strike. In down strike, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar - standard release force- Frictional forceon the drill strings - pump-open force5. MaintenanceOnce the new drilling jar continuously works in the down hole more than 500 hours or 300 hours for the repaired one, it must be checked and disassembled. It is suggested that the drilling jar should be abandoned after it has worked for 1500 hours or 2 years.Before disassembly, the drilling jar should be tested and the data should be recorded.5.1 Preparation(1) Break-out / Make-up equipment and proper tools, including pipe wrench, chain wrench, nylon slinging belt, etc.(2) Sealing and wearing parts.(3) Lubricants, molybdenum disulfide(MoS2) lubricant oil and L-HM 32 hydraulic oil.(4) Technical files and service drawings of QJ-K drilling jar.5.2 Disassembling ProcedureIn disassembly, it is forbidden to damage sealing surfaces or outer surface of the thin wall housing. Before the disassembly, the drilling jar must be in reset position.The housing threads of the drilling jar are cone screw threads and painted Y680 bounded agent. Locally heat the connection place of all cone screw thread to make bounded agent invalid for dismantling. The surface temperature after heating cannot go beyond 250 and it is noticed that the ℃heating area cannot extend to protect seal parts from damage.(1) Before the disassembly, it must be confirmed that it is on the pull open position. Otherwise, it must be pulled open at first. After disassembling the pipe plug, the lubrication on the jar must be discharged.(2) First disassemble the bottom connect, and then loose and take off the piston by special tools.(3) Disassemble the bottom housing, and hook the adjustment gasket and the disc spring by the iron wire.Page 6 of 9(4) Disassemble the middle housing. After loosen the thread, the jar is hoisted and dislodged horizontally by girdles. When the lock unit assemblies is on the ends of the latch mandrel, put down the middle housing, and firstly take off the lock unit assembly, latter the middle housing.(5) Disassemble the latch mandrel.(6) Disassemble the spline body from the mandrel and all the sealing parts.(7) Wash all the components, put these on a clean plastic cloth for checking.(8) Check the damage degree of every component. Defects on the housing, mandrel and latch mandrel should be detected after the macrocheck. It is determined whether the replacements are needed according to the damage degree.After the jar is taken off from the well, the whole set of sealing parts should be replaced for every check, disassembly and assembly.5.3 Assembling Procedure(1) Pick out disabled parts, make up new approved components, and prepare a set of sealing parts.(2) Clip the spline body with the bench clamp of the disassembly holdfast, then hoist the mandrel horizontally, and carefully boot the spline into it and notice not to damage the spline body and sealing parts.(3) Screw the latch mandrel into the mandrel.(4) Assemble the middle housing, check the outer length of the mandrel to make the jar in the open position.(5) Assemble the latch assembly. Put the assembly on the latch mandrel and push it inward till it reaches the ledge of the middle housing.(6) Assemble the disc spring group, adjustment gasket and baffle.(7) Fasten the middle housing with the bench clamp and screw the bottom housing in. Measure and record the amount of compression on the pretightened disc springs in assembly.(8) Mount the "O" sealing on the pistons. Screw the piston into the bottom of the latch mandrel by special tools.(9) Loosen the bottom connect and achieve the assembly.In the above assembly, it is noticed to protect sealing surface and sealing parts. The torque on thePage 7 of 9thread sees the following table.Table 3 the make-up torque list of the threads (kN·m)6. Test & Oil Filling6.1 Oil FillingWhen the drilling jar has been assembled, it must be filled the oil into the cavity before the release force test.The liquid in the drilling jar is L-HM32 hydraulic oil. During oil filling, the drilling jar is required in the reset position.First, inject the barrel of the pump with the filtrated L-HM32 hydraulic oil. Before injection, lift upward the hole on the jar and then incline it by the traveling hoist at the angle of more than 30 degrees, in addition the large end of the mandrel is upward.The following is the connecting way between the oil pump and the hole on the jar. The hosepipe on the oil injection pump is connected with the bottom housing; one end of the return line connects to the hole on the spline body, and the other end inserts into the tubing. After connecting, the pump starts up. Wait till the air bubbles in the return line disappear for a long time so that all the remnant air is discharged, disassemble the pipe, assemble the pipe plug, and then put down the jar in horizontal position, disassemble the feed pipe, and finally install the pipe plug on the bottom housing, completing oil filling.6.2 Release force testThe reassembled drilling jars must come up to the standard in the release force test and seal test before used.Page 8 of 9Firstly measure the up and down jar release force of an assembled jar on the push-pull test bench. If it doesn't meet the scheduled release force, adjustment gaskets should be increased or decreased till the release force meets the need or the special requirement.Because QJ-K drilling jar doesn't have release force adjustment unit, the housing and the piston must be disassembled for every adjustment.To convenient adjustment, the lubrication should be injected after the above release force test. The drilling jar must be reset after having been tested.6.3 Sealing TestThe water hole is plugged by special pressure test connect. One end of the high pressure hose is connected with the water inlet on the sub, the other end with the outlet on the electric pump. Make the air vent on another pressure test connect upward and disassemble the plug on the vent.Start up the pump and inject water to the jar. When the water fills the jar and overfill from the air vent on the sub, stop the pump and screw down the core vent. After the above steps, start the pump again. When the pump pressure is up to 30MPa, stop it and maintain the pressure for 5 minutes. If the pressure drops less than 0.5MPa, it represents the pressure test is ok. Disassemble the subs on the two ends. After threads and the water hole are dried, lay on the sealing grease. Then the test is finished.7. Trouble & SolutionsBecause of the simple structure and the reliability of the mechanical QJ-K drilling jar, a new jar or a jar after a normal repair won't have trouble. The trouble shooting during the application is as follows:(1) No stroke after the drill string lifted upa. The jar is already at up-stroke position, the drill string maybe lowered down more deeply, then relift the string up.b. If the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift up the jar and repair it.(2) No stroke after the drill string lowered downa. The jar is already at down-stroke position, firstly lift the jar up and lower down the drill string again.b. If the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift the jar up and repair it.(3) Stroke during normal drillinga. If the jar in the drilling assembly is at an unreason position, it will undertake too larger pull force or press force in normal drilling operation.Page 9 of 9b. The drill string has a heavy vibration.8. Damageable ComponentsAfter the jar has worked in the well one time, all the sealing parts must be replaced in every repair. Check the stress-containing and frictional parts. If having any damage, replace it. Damageable components and special tools are shown in the following additional table.9. Notices for Ordering(1) Model of the products should be written clearly and completely.(2) If having special requirements on the connect threads, please give us a detailed information whenordering. If no details, we will supply our standard supplies.(3) Name, order number and quantity should be written clearly if ordering spare parts and tools.IAdditional Table 1:Damageable Components of QJ159K-I Drilling Jar Serial Number Items Order Number Quantity Remark1 Latch assembly 9316241200 12 Latch mandrel 9316241100 13 Disc spring 9316241007 364 Sealing parts 9316242900 1 whole setSpecial Tools of QJ159K-I Drilling JarSerial NumberItems Order Number Remark 1Special Spanner 9316241810 Install piston 2Special mandrel 9316241820 Install Latch mandrel 3 Special sleeve9316241830 Install Latch assemblyIIAdditional Table 2:Damageable Components of QJ165K-I Drilling Jar Serial Number Items Order Number Quantity Remark1 Latch assembly 9316241200 12 Latch mandrel 9316241100 13 Disc spring 9316241007 364 Sealing parts 9316242900 1 whole setSpecial Tools of QJ165K-I Drilling JarSerial NumberItems Order Number Remark 1Special Spanner 9316241810 Install piston 2Special mandrel 9316241820 Install Latch mandrel 3Special sleeve 9316241830 Install Latch assemblyIII Additional Table 3:Damageable Components of QJ203K Drilling Jar Serial Number Items Order Number Quantity Remark1 Latch assembly 9318040200 12 Latch mandrel 9318040100 13 Disc spring 9318040008 304 Sealing parts 9318041900 1 whole setSpecial Tools of QJ203K Drilling JarSerial NumberItems Order Number Remark 1Special Spanner 9318040810 Install piston 2Special mandrel 9318040820 Install Latch mandrel 3Special sleeve 9318040830 Install Latch assembly。
地面震击器使用操作规程
3 操作与使用
3.1 适用工况及使用条件 3.1.1 地面震击器只能用于处理键槽卡钻,缩径卡钻,粘吸卡钻,落物卡钻等钻井井下工程事故。 3.1.2 井深适合范围,钻具自由段在 1000m~4000m,解卡后钻具悬重在震击器的安全范围之内。卡深 2000 米以上的定向斜井和水平井不提倡使用。 3.1.3 其它条件要求:被卡钻具有下行活动空间;井下为复合钻具或使用有特殊工具,应充分考虑弱 点钻具强度;自由段井眼存在严重扩径应慎用,防止反复拉压折断钻具;井内压力不平衡不准使用地 面震击器,在震击解卡和井控安全之间,井控安全优先。 3.2 震击钻柱解卡作业 3.2.1 震击作业前应先计算卡点位置和自由段(卡点以上)钻柱在泥浆中重量,并将此悬重标于指重 表上。提拉钻柱时不得超过标记,并根据提拉吨位计算出自由段钻柱在提拉时的伸长量。 3.2.2 工具上以大钩水龙头方钻杆为宜,滚子方补心应卸掉。 3.2.3 接上震击器,用 DG-02 搬手卸开锁钉,调节震击器吨位自最低位,拉开震击器,再旋入锁钉, 防止震击井口卡瓦,吊卡。 3.2.4 现场要求仅用低速提拉震击,并及时摘车刹车,防止震击力作用于悬吊系统,首次震击应调节 到低吨位。每个吨位应多次震击,视其效果再逐步增大震击吨位。但震击器最大震击吨位,不得超过 自由段钻柱重量。
其它厂家地面震击器按厂家规定的技术参数执行。
密封压力 闭合总长
MPa
mm
20
2500
20
3030
2
Q/SH
江汉石油管理局企业标准
Q/SH1035 0580—2006
随钻震击器使用说明书
随钻震击器使用说明书文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一BZ 随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1.概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体,可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
它在不需要震击时,是钻柱的一部分,需震击时,随时可作业,因而提高了工作效率。
2.结构与工作原理。
结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。
内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图(图中未画出曲屈接头)。
本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。
上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置,即准备出发(解锁)状态。
图二为局部放大图。
上图为准备击发位置。
运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合,运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。
当钻柱上提,通过上接头1,上控制套3,中部套筒28,下控制套37,下调节套29,压缩弹簧管25,26,27 使运行套21 相对摩擦衬套下移。
当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时,运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开,运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出,如图二中图。
此时钻柱储备的能量释放,向上震击。
下放钻柱,整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态,即准备击发状态。
重复上述操作,就可使钻具解卡。
下击工作原理在运行套的上部,还有一组三件与26,27,28 完全相同的弹簧管。
当下压钻柱时,通过上接头1,上控制套3,上调节套18,压缩上面一组弹簧管。
运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行,钻柱储能。
当达到预定的吨位,运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应,运行衬套涨开,运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出,产生下击,与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。
3.使用与操作下井前的准备震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格,见本说明书第5 节。
下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。
钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分,并承受最少5 吨的张力。
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QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书北京石油机械厂2002年10月目 录 1概述...........................................................................................................1 2型号说明.................................................................................................1 3技术参数.................................................................................................1 4工作原理.................................................................................................3 5随钻震击器在钻具组合中的配置...............................................4 6摩擦力和开泵力的计算方法.........................................................4 6.1钻柱摩擦力............................................................................................4 6.2开泵力......................................................................................................4 7操作方法.................................................................................................5 7.1向上震击.................................................................................................5 7.2向下震击.................................................................................................5 7.3释放力调节方法..................................................................................5 8维修...........................................................................................................5 8.1准备...........................................................................................................5 8.2拆卸步骤.................................................................................................6 8.3装配步骤.................................................................................................6 9试验与充油............................................................................................7 9.1释放力试验............................................................................................79.2充油...........................................................................................................8 9.3密封试验.................................................................................................8 10故障及排除............................................................................................8 11订货须知.................................................................................................9 1 概述 QJ178A型随钻震击器是一种新型可调全机械整体式随钻震击器,它具有两个特点:一是上、下击一体,整机长度短,结构简单,安全可靠;二是上、下击的释放力大小可以分别调节,且调节简便易行、准确、稳定。
2 型号说明 特征代号(A—释放力井场可调的随钻震击器)规格(外径178mm)产品代号(上下击一体的机械式随钻震击器)3 技术参数 QJ178A随钻震击器技术参数见表1。
表1 QJ178A随钻震击器技术参数型 号 QJ178A 外径尺寸 mm 178 水眼直径 mm 57 上击 kN 700 最大释放力 下击 kN 400 上击 kN 680~720 出厂标定释放力 下击 kN 380~420 最大抗拉载荷 kN 1800 最大工作扭矩 kN・m 15 长度 mm 5790 连接螺纹 API 4 1/2 IF 图1 QJ178A随钻震击器结构示意图4 工作原理 QJ178A随钻震击器结构示意图见图1,工作原理示意图见图2。
随钻震击器释放力的产生主要由卡瓦机构、弹性机构和打击机构来完成。
其中弹性机构用于储能,卡瓦机构在达到极限位置时突然张开,使卡瓦心轴突然释放,打击面产生打击,从而在钻柱中产生震击力。
调节机构可准确、稳定地调节释放力的大小。
(a) (b) (c)图2 工作原理示意图 QJ178A随钻震击器出厂和正常钻井时,处于复位状态,卡瓦的内棱带嵌入卡瓦心轴的沟槽内,此时卡瓦“抱紧”卡瓦心轴。
由于卡瓦心轴被其两端的弹性套限位不能移动,从而使卡瓦心轴不能轴向移动。
震击作业时,下压或上提钻柱,弹性机构受力变形,卡瓦与卡瓦套之间产生相对位移(图(b)),此过程为储能过程(钻柱被拉伸或压缩产生弹性变形)。
当钻柱对随钻震击器施加的拉力或压力达到标定释放力时,卡瓦外棱带进入卡瓦套内棱带的沟槽内,卡瓦突然张开,卡瓦心轴在钻柱拉力或压力的作用下从卡瓦中迅速拉出(图(c)),此时,被拉伸(或压缩)的钻柱突然收缩(或伸长),钻柱储存的能量瞬时释放,产生强大的震击力。
通过调节上、下调节螺母可以调节随钻震击器释放力的大小。
调节时仅需拆下固定螺钉和调整孔螺钉,用调节扳手拨动调节螺母,使调节螺母整体沿螺纹副转动,产生轴向位移,达到调节释放力的目的。
5 随钻震击器在钻具组合中的配置 该型震击器在钻柱组合中可以略受拉力或压力。
为避免自由震动影响使用寿命,应尽量避免放在中和点。
同时,所受的压力或拉力也不可过大,以免引起误击。
理想的位置是在钻柱中和点以下,随钻震击器受到的钻柱压力与开泵力相当的位置。
①配置在钻具组合的下部(受压)这时随钻震击器应装在顶部扶正器以上至少一根钻铤的位置。
扶正器和震击器之间的钻铤可增加随钻震击器的安全性,使岩屑沉积不致卡住随钻震击器。
如果钻柱中装有减震器,则震击器应位于减震器之上。
②配置在钻具组合的上部(受拉)。
如果预计钻铤将会发生压差粘附卡钻,则应将随钻震击器置于井下钻具组合中足够高的位置,使随钻震击器始终位于卡点之上。
其缺点是如果钻头和扶正器被卡,随钻震击器和卡点之间的距离太大会降低震击效果。
6 摩擦力和开泵力的计算方法 6.1 钻柱摩擦力 钻柱摩擦力是指钻柱和井壁之间的摩擦力,其经验数据是50~200kN,具体大小与钻柱组合、泥浆情况和井深结构等有关,由司钻根据现场实际情况确定。
6.2 开泵力 开泵力是指正常循环时,钻柱内泥浆压力对随钻震击器的作用力。
泥浆压力足够高时,开泵力将会使随钻震击器拉开,因此,计算上击悬重和下击悬重时都要减去开泵力。
开泵力的大小与钻柱内的压力和随钻震击器当量活塞面积成正比。
即:开泵力=泵压×当量面积当量面积的大小与产品的结构有关。
QJ178A随钻震击器的开泵力参见表2。
表2 开泵力(kN)泵压(MPa)型号3.5 7 10 14 17 20QJ178A 37.5 75 107 150 182 2147 操作方法 7.1 向上震击 上击作业时,上提钻柱使随钻震击器受到的拉力达到标定释放力,随钻震击器将产生向上震击。
然后下放钻具,使随钻震击器复位,卡瓦机构重新锁紧。
重复上述过程则可实现连续上击。
上击时大钩悬重可按下式计算:上击时大钩悬重=随钻震击器以上钻柱重量+钻柱摩擦力+上击标定释放力-开泵力7.2 向下震击 下击作业时,下放钻柱使随钻震击器受到的压力达到其标定的下击释放力,随钻震击器将产生向下震击。
然后上提钻具,使随钻震击器复位,卡瓦机构重新锁紧。
重复上述过程则可实现连续下击。
下击时大钩悬重可按下式计算:下击时大钩悬重=随钻震击器以上钻柱重量-下击标定释放力-钻柱摩擦力-开泵力7.3 释放力调节方法 卸下随钻震击器上的调整孔螺钉和固定螺钉,可以看到刻有深槽的调节螺母,用调节扳手或一字螺钉旋具(改锥)拨动调节螺母,可以调节释放力的大小。
上调节螺母用于调节下击释放力,下调节螺母用于调节上击释放力。
调节螺母圆周上有30个调节槽,槽底刻有字母,每调节一槽,释放力相应增(减)约20kN。
调整孔旁边标有“+”和“—”标记,分别表示释放力增加或减少的方向。
调整孔旁打印的字母表示出厂(或维修)时标定释放力的位置。
向增加释放力的方向调节,当达到最大释放力后,如果继续调节,释放力将会从最大变为最小,然后继续增加。