人教版高中英语必修五 Unit5_阅读理解(急救篇) 题型专项突破
题型专项突破-Unit5阅读理解（急救篇）
一、阅读理解
1.
First aid means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do, if a serious accident happens, is to telephone for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someone’s life.
Shock
People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.
Broken bones
Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary.
Bleeding
A little bleeding does no harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives.
Poison
A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient sick by pressing your fingers down his throat.
Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him.
(1) According to the passage when a serious accident happens, the first thing we should do is to ________.
A. take some actions
B. save the life of the injured person
C. phone for an ambulance
D. keep the injured person warm and quiet
(2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. First aid means giving the injured person the aid or help at once before the doctor comes.
B. When a person has broken his legs, we should send him to hospital at once.
C. A little bleeding does no harm because the blood can wash dirt from the wound.
D. When a person has taken poison, you should take him to hospital at once.
(3) Why can’t an injured person be crowded by people around him?
A. Because the people around him may hurt him.
B. Because he needs plenty of air and to be quiet.
C. Because they will be in the way of the ambulance.
D. Because they will disturb his rest.
(4) The passage mainly tells us________.
A. some advice on how to deal with common accidents
B. some facts about some common accidents
C. something we must remember
D. some examples of common accidents
答案:
解析:
(1) C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do，if a serious accident happens，is to telephone for an ambulance. ”可知答案是打电话找救护车。
(2) B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. ”可知当时需要做的是找救护车，并且不能随便移动病人。B 项的表述与此相悖，故选B项。
(3) B 细节理解题。从最后一段可知正确选项为B项。
(4) A 主旨大意题。本文是说明文，根据文章的结构可以看出A项为正确选项。
2.
External bleeding. Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7-10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and follow the blood to drain out through the bandage.
Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure.
Know the pressure point. If direct pressure and elevation don’t sufficiently slow the bloodflow, find a pressure point. Large arteries(动脉) found close to the skin’s surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases(皱纹) above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your fingers.
Resort to tourniquet(止血带, 脉压器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet only if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical persons will know how long it has been in place.
(1) According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you
should________.
A. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it
B. spread some salve (药膏) on the wound
C. press the wound firmly with your finger
D. place a clean bandage over the wound
(2) If the blood soaks through the cloth, you should______.
A. change a clean one immediately
B. wash the wound at once
C. press the wound firmly with your hand
D. cover the one with another one and press it
(3) The underlined word “apply”in the first paragraph means________.
A. 申请
B. 应用
C. 实施
D. 生效
(4) In this passage________ ways are mentioned to stop blood.
A. four
B. three
C. two
D. one
(5. According to the passage, we know that________.
A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding
B. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg
C. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding
D. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the creases above the upper legs
(1) A 细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“Place a clean，folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. ”可知C项为正确选项。
(2) D 细节理解题。第一段的第四、五句“If blood soaks through，do not remove it. Instead，cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7-10 minutes. ”可知D选项为正确答案。
(3) B 词义猜测题。根据apply后面的pressure可知应该是“应用压力”。
(4) A 细节题解题。每一段的第一句话就提到一种止血方法，因此共4种。
(5. D 推理判断题。第三段的第三句话明确提到“动脉一般在胳膊或腿上方的皱褶中”可知D选项为正确答案。
3.
If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt(使翘起) his head back and press his chin(下巴) upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils(鼻孔，) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a bluegrey colour, and you can feel no pulse(脉搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib(肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
(1) This passage is mainly about ________.