应用化学催化剂英文论文
chinese journal of catalysis写作模板
chinese journal of catalysis写作模板中国催化学杂志（Chinese Journal of Catalysis）是研究催化领域的重要学术期刊之一。
本文将为您提供一篇关于"催化剂设计与应用"的文章写作模板，包含3000-6000字的篇幅，以帮助您逐步回答问题。
1. 引言部分（Introduction）：a. 引入催化剂设计的重要性和催化领域的广泛应用；b. 阐述催化剂设计与应用的挑战以及文章的研究目的。
2. 理论背景与相关工作（Literature Review）：a. 介绍现有的催化剂设计方法和应用案例；b. 阐述不同催化剂设计方法的优势和劣势；c. 分析催化剂设计中存在的问题和需要解决的挑战。
3. 实验方法（Experimental Method）：a. 描述实验所使用的催化剂制备方法；b. 详细介绍催化剂性能表征技术，如X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等；c. 说明实验条件和实验设计。
4. 结果与讨论（Results and Discussion）：a. 分析催化剂设计与应用的实验结果；b. 根据实验结果探讨催化剂设计方法的合理性及效果；c. 解释实验结果与现有理论的一致性或差异。
5. 催化剂设计与应用的潜在机制（Potential Mechanisms of Catalyst Design and Applications）：a. 分析催化剂设计与应用的潜在机制；b.提出理论模型或机理解释；c. 探讨潜在机制对于催化剂设计和性能优化的影响。
6. 结论与展望（Conclusion and Prospect）：a. 总结本文的研究成果以及催化剂设计与应用的意义；b. 评价催化剂设计方法的优点、局限性及未来发展方向；c. 展望催化剂设计与应用在未来的发展趋势。
结语：以上是一篇关于"催化剂设计与应用"的中国催化学杂志文章写作模板。
催化剂英文
催化剂英文Catalysts: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroductionCatalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent change in their own composition. In chemistry, catalysts play a major role in the development of modern industries, including the production of pharmaceuticals, fuels, and chemicals. Catalysts allow reactions to proceed faster and at a lower temperature, reducing the energy consumption and cost associated with their production. The use of catalysts in industrial processes has led to significant economic and environmental benefits, making them a key area of research and development.Types of CatalystsThere are several types of catalysts, each with its own unique properties and applications.1. Homogeneous CatalystsHomogeneous catalysts are soluble in the same phase as the reactants, typically in liquid or gas phases. They are usually metal complexes or organic molecules that contain a highly reactive center, such as a metal ion or a functional group. Homogeneous catalysts are highly effective at promoting reactions due to their ability to precisely control the active center's size andshape, allowing for the selectivity of the reaction. However, homogeneous catalysts can be difficult to isolate and remove from the reaction mixture, making them less practical for large-scale industrial processes.2. Heterogeneous CatalystsHeterogeneous catalysts are insoluble in the same phase as the reactants and are often in the solid state. They are usually metals, oxides, or sulfides supported on a porous solid, such as alumina or silica. The active site of the catalyst is typically the surface of the solid, where reactants bind and undergo chemical transformations. Heterogeneous catalysts are highly selective and can be easily separated from the reaction mixture, making them ideal for large-scale industrial processes. However, the high surface area of the catalyst can also lead to issues with deactivation due to poisoning or fouling.3. EnzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that are highly selective and specific. They are typically large protein molecules that catalyze specific biochemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are highly effective at promoting reactions due to their precise fit with the substrate molecule, allowing for the selectivity of the reaction. Enzymes can also operate under mild conditions, making them ideal for applications in the production of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. However, the high cost and stability of enzymes can limit their applicability in large-scale industrial processes.4. PhotocatalystsPhotocatalysts are catalysts that use light to activate a chemical reaction. They are typically semiconductors, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, which absorb and convert light energy into chemical energy. Photocatalysts are highly effective at promoting reactions due to their ability to generate reactive intermediates, such as free radicals, under light irradiation. Photocatalysts are ideal for green and sustainable processes, as they can operate under mild conditions with energy inputs from renewable sources, such as sunlight.Applications of CatalystsCatalysts are used in a wide range of industrial processes, including:1. Petrochemical IndustryCatalysts are used to promote reactions in the production of fuels and chemicals from petroleum. For example, heterogeneous catalysts are used in the production of gasoline, diesel fuel, and other hydrocarbons. Homogeneous catalysts are used in the production of methanol and other chemicals from natural gas.2. Pharmaceutical IndustryCatalysts are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, hormones, and anticancer drugs. Enzymes are commonly used in the production of chiral drugs, as they can promote highly selective reactions. Heterogeneous catalysts are used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from simple starting materials.3. Environmental IndustryCatalysts are used in the treatment of waste streams and remediation of contaminated sites. For example, photocatalysts are used in the degradation of organic pollutants in water or air. Heterogeneous catalysts are used in the removal of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, from industrial emissions.4. Food IndustryCatalysts, particularly enzymes, are used in the production of food and food ingredients, such as cheese, bread, and beverages. Enzymes are used to promote the fermentation of sugars and the hydrolysis of proteins and starches. Heterogeneous catalysts are used in the production of high-fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners.ConclusionCatalysts play a critical role in modern industry, allowing chemical reactions to proceed faster and under milder conditions with increased selectivity. The development of new and efficient catalysts remains a key area of research and development, with applications in the production of fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other materials. Catalysis is also crucial in promoting sustainable and green processes that reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. As scientists continue to uncover the fundamental principles underlying catalysis, the benefits of catalysts will continue to shape modern life.。
催化重整油英文翻译作文
催化重整油英文翻译作文英文：Catalytic reforming is a process used to convert low-quality naphtha into high-quality gasoline components. It involves the use of a catalyst to break down the hydrocarbons in the naphtha and rearrange them into more desirable molecules.The catalyst used in catalytic reforming is typically a mixture of platinum, palladium, and/or rhenium on a porous support material. The naphtha is heated and mixed with hydrogen gas before being passed over the catalyst bed. The catalyst promotes the dehydrogenation, isomerization, and cyclization of the hydrocarbons in the naphtha, resultingin the production of high-octane gasoline components.One of the advantages of catalytic reforming is that it allows refiners to produce high-quality gasoline components from low-quality feedstocks. For example, if a refinery hasa surplus of heavy naphtha, which is typically low in octane, it can be converted into high-octane gasoline components through catalytic reforming. This can help the refinery optimize its production and maximize its profits.Another advantage of catalytic reforming is that it can be used to produce aromatics, which are valuable chemical intermediates used in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, and other materials. By controlling the operating conditions of the reformer, refiners can produce different ratios of aromatics to gasoline components, depending on market demand.Overall, catalytic reforming is an important process in the refining industry, as it allows refiners to producehigh-quality gasoline components and valuable chemical intermediates from low-quality feedstocks.中文：催化重整是一种将低质量石脑油转化为高质量汽油组分的过程。
工业催化可能会出的英文作文
工业催化可能会出的英文作文The Role of Industrial Catalysis in Modern Manufacturing.Industrial catalysis, a crucial aspect of modern manufacturing, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of industrial processes. Catalysts, substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process, are essential for transforming raw materials into valuable products. This essay delves into the significance of industrial catalysis, its applications, challenges, and future prospects.Significance of Industrial Catalysis.The significance of industrial catalysis lies in its ability to accelerate chemical reactions, often at lower temperatures and pressures, thereby reducing energy consumption and operational costs. Catalysts enable theselective production of desired products, minimizing by-product formation and waste generation. This isparticularly important in the context of sustainability and environmental protection.Applications of Industrial Catalysis.Industrial catalysis finds widespread applications in various sectors such as petroleum refining, chemical synthesis, and biotechnology. In petroleum refining, catalysts are used to convert crude oil into fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. In chemical synthesis, catalysts are employed to produce plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Biocatalysis, a subset of industrial catalysis, utilizes enzymes as catalysts for biotransformations in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.Challenges in Industrial Catalysis.Despite its numerous benefits, industrial catalysis faces several challenges. One of the key challenges iscatalyst deactivation, which occurs due to poisoning, sintering, or coking. This requires regular catalyst replacement or regeneration, adding to operational costs. Furthermore, the high cost of catalyst development and optimization can be a significant barrier, especially for small-scale industries.Another challenge is the limited understanding of catalyst-reaction mechanisms. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more efficient catalyst design and development. Additionally, the integration of catalysis with other technologies, such as nanotechnology and artificial intelligence, presents both opportunities and challenges.Future Prospects.The future of industrial catalysis looks promising, with advancements in catalyst design, characterization, and modeling. New catalyst materials, such as nanomaterials and single-atom catalysts, offer enhanced catalytic performance and selectivity. These materials exhibit unique physicaland chemical properties that can be tailored for specific applications.Moreover, the integration of catalysis with renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, could further enhance the sustainability of industrial processes. This integration could lead to the development of carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative processes, reducing the environmental footprint of manufacturing.In conclusion, industrial catalysis plays a crucialrole in modern manufacturing, enabling efficient and sustainable chemical transformations. Its applications span various sectors, and its future prospects are bright with advancements in catalyst design and integration with renewable energy sources. However, challenges such as catalyst deactivation and high development costs need to be addressed to fully harness the potential of industrial catalysis.。
化学 催化剂 英语
化学催化剂英语Catalysts in ChemistryIntroduction:Catalysts play a crucial role in chemistry as they are substances that speed up chemical reactions by providing an alternate pathway with lower activation energy. This allows reactions to occur more rapidly, making catalysts indispensable in many industrial processes. In this article, we will explore the significance of catalysts in chemistry and provide examples of commonly used catalysts.Significance of Catalysts:1. Increased Reaction Rate: Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction, enabling it to occur faster. This is essential in industries where large-scale production is necessary, as catalysts can significantly improve the efficiency of chemical processes.2. Cost Reduction: By enhancing reaction rates, catalysts enable the use of lower temperatures and pressures, reducing energy consumption and operating costs. Additionally, catalysts enable the use of less expensive reactants or fewer reactants overall, resulting in cost savings.3. Selectivity and Specificity: Catalysts often demonstrate high selectivity, which means they can direct a reaction to produce a desired product while minimizing the formation of unwanted byproducts. This is particularly essential in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries where high-purity products are required.4. Reusability: Many catalysts can be used repeatedly without significant degradation or loss of activity. This makes them cost-effective and environmentally friendly, as their use reduces waste production.Examples of Catalysts:1. Transition Metal Catalysts: Transition metals and their compounds are widely used as catalysts due to their versatility and ability to undergo redox reactions. For example, platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) catalysts are commonly employed in the automotive industry to facilitate automobile exhaust reactions, such as the conversion of harmful compounds like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into less toxic substances.2. Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions in living organisms. They are highly specific, promoting specific reactions while remaining unaffected themselves. For instance, the enzyme pepsin aids in the digestionof proteins in the stomach.3. Zeolites: Zeolites are microporous, crystalline materials with a three-dimensional network structure. They are widely used as solid catalysts in diverse applications, including petrochemical refining and the production of fuels. Zeolites exhibit high thermal stability and shape selectivity due to their well-defined pore structures.4. Homogeneous Catalysts: Homogeneous catalysts are present in the same phase as the reactants. A classic example is sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which acts as a catalyst in many organic reactions. It isparticularly significant in processes like esterification, polymerization, and hydrolysis.Conclusion:Catalysts play a vital role in chemistry by enhancing reaction rates, reducing costs, improving selectivity, and enabling environmentally friendly processes. They find applications across numerous industries, ranging from automotive to pharmaceuticals. The continuous development and utilization of catalysts contribute to advancing chemical processes, leading to innovative solutions and sustainable practices in various sectors.。
化学论文英文版
化学论文英文版Jun-Ke Wang, Ying-Xiao Zong, Xi-Cun Wang, Yu-Lai Hu, Guo-Ren Yue.Synthesisof N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides by Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)-H functionalization[J]. CCL, 2015,26(11): 1376-1380Synthesis of N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides byPd-catalyzed C(sp2)-H functionalizationJun-Ke Wang a,b,c, Ying-Xiao Zong a,b, Xi-Cun Wang a,b, Yu-Lai Hu a,b,Guo-Ren Yue aa Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Universities, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China;b Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;c Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, ChinaReceived 11 May 2015, Received in revised form 29 June 2015, Accepted 1 July 2015,Available online 10 August 2015.E-mail addresses: wangxicun@;huyulai@Abstract: A catalytic synthesis of N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides from1-acyl-3-(phenyl)thioureas was achieved in the presence of a palladium catalyst through the C(sp2)-H functionalization/C-S bond formation. This synthetic methodology can produce various N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides in high yields with good functional group tolerance.Key words: Benzothiazole Pd-catalyzed1-Acyl-3-phenylthiourea C-H functionalization L-Proline1. IntroductionThe benzothiazole moiety is an important scaffold due to its widespread occurrence in bioactive natural products,pharmaceuticals, organic optoelectronic materials,and ligands for phosphorescent complexes [1-4]. In particular,substituted Nbenzothiazol- 2-yl-amides are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological properties [5-9] such as ubiquitin ligaseinhibition [5],antitumor [6],antirotavirus infections [7],modulating the adenosine receptor [8, 9],and the nuclear hormone receptor [9]. For example,the N-benzothiazol-2- yl-cyclohexanecarboxamide,as a new anticancer drug,was selected as one of the most promising screening hit compounds (Fig. 1) [6]. The acylation reaction from2-aminobenzothiazole,one of the classical methods for the preparation of these molecules [5, 6],is known for the limited diversity of the commercially available starting materials. Furthermore,the preparation of 2-aminobenzothiazole also required the use of the toxic bromine.The past several years have witnessed the great progress in the development of the C-S bond formation promoted by transition metals,which can provide moreefficient,practical,and straightforward approaches to valuable sulfur-containing compounds [10, 11]. However,these methods have been mainly focused on the‘‘traditional’’ cross-coupling reactions of ArX (X = Cl,Br,I,OTf,and B(OH)2) and sulfides [12-39]. To achieve greener and more atomeconomic C-S bond formations,transition metal-catalyzed direct oxidative cross-coupling of C-H bonds and sulfides would be ideal [40-47].In our previous work,we have shown that N-benzothiazol-2-ylamides can be synthesized smoothly by Cu-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of various substituted 1-acyl-3-(2-bromophenyl) thioureas [48]. This method can provide more diversiform Nbenzothiazol- 2-yl-amides through the carbon-heteroatom formation under relatively mild conditions and avoid the use of the toxic bromine. However,the drawback of this procedure is the limited diversity of the commercially available starting materials due to the use of substituted ortho-haloarylamines. In order to further extend the diversity of N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides,we have recently demonstrated an efficient intramolecular cyclization of substituted 1-acetyl-3-(2-phenyl)thiourea catalyzed by iron through C-H functionalization [49]. This method can provide more diversiformN-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides under relatively mild conditions. However,the purification of the target compounds is challenging using the column chromatography or recrystallization,since it is inescapable to obtain 1-acetyl-3-phenylurea whose polarity is similar to that of 1-acetyl-3-(2-phenyl)thiourea. Recently,Doi’s group[46] reported a Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles via a C-H Functionalization reaction. Therefore,we envisioned that Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 1-acyl-3-(2-phenyl)- thiourea 1would represent a viable method for the formation and purification of substituted N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides 2(Scheme 1).2. ExperimentalAll reagents were commercially available and used as supplied. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was dried and distilled from calcium hydride. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF),toluene,DME and CH3CN were dried prior to use using standard methods. Unless otherwise stated,analytical grade solvents and commercially available reagents were used as received. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) employed glass 0.20 mm silica gel plates. Flash chromatography columns were packed with 200-300 mesh silica gel.All new compounds were characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS. The known compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The IR spectra were run on a Nicolete spectrometer (KBr). The 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a BRUKER AVANCEIII 400 MHz spectrometer. The chemical shifts (d) were given in parts per million relative to an internal standard tetramethylsilane. High resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were measured with a Waters Micromass GCT instrument and accurate masses were reported for the molecular ion (M+). Melting points were determined on a Perkin-Elmer differential scanning calorimeter and the thermometer was uncorrected.2.1. General procedure for the synthesis of1-acyl-3-arylthioureas [49, 50]To a 25 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was added acyl chloride (10 mmol),NH4SCN (15 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (20 mL),followed by PEG-400 (0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for approximately 3 h at room temperature. Aromatic amine (10 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for another 2 h at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the resulting residue as a solid,which was washed with water three times,to give the crude product.The analytical samples were obtained by recrystallization from C2H5OH in good yields ([4TD$DIF]88%-98%).2.2. General procedure for the synthesis ofN-benzothiazol-2-ylamides by aPd-catalysed C(sp2)-H functionalization reactionA round-bottom flask equipped with a stirring bar was charged with1-acyl-3-arylthioureas (1 mmol),PdCl2 (10 mol%),CuI (20 mol%),Cs2CO3 (2 equiv.),and L-proline (20 mol%) in 5 mL of DMSO. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃for the indicated time in Table 2. After cooling to room temperature,the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL × 3). The organic layers were combined,dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure,and then purified by silica gel chromatography (acetone/petroleum ether = 1:4) to yield the desired product2.N-(4-Ethylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (2f): A gray solid (80% yield); mp:264-268 ℃; IR (cm-1): 3169.9,2990.1,2359.9, 1661.1,1550.4; 1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3): δ 9.42 (s,1H),7.67 (dd, 1H,J = 6.3,2.9 Hz),7.27 (dd,2H,J = 4.4,1.9 Hz),3.04 (q,2H, J = 7.6 Hz),2.28 (s,3H),1.34 (t,3H,J = 7.6 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3): δ171.64(s),156.91 (s),146.45 (s),136.81 (s),131.98 (s), 125.25 (s),124.22 (s),118.92 (s),25.36 (s),23.51 (s),14.79 (s); HRMS calcd. for C11H12N2OS [M]+:220.0670; found [5TD$DIF]200.0678.N-(6-Fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (2 g): A white solid (94% yield); mp:224-231 ℃; IR (cm-1): 3207.8,3071.0,2983.9, 2360.4,1689.2; 1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.70 (dd,1H,J = 8.9, 4.6 Hz),7.53 (dd,1H,J = 8.0,2.5 Hz),7.19 (td,1H,J = 8.9,2.6 Hz), 2.31 (s,3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3): δ 168.33 (s),160.93 (s), 158.50 (s),121.30 (d,J = 9.1 Hz),114.75 (s),108.09 (s),107.82 (s), 23.46 (s); HRMS calcd. for C9H7FN2OS [M]+: 210.0263; found 210.0256.3. Results and discussionWhile not commercially available,benzothioureas are stable and easilysynthesized [50, 51] from inexpensive starting materials in high yields on a multigram scale. Following Scheme 2,the synthesis of benzothioureas can be achieved in a straightforward manner starting from inexpensive aryl acid chloride and arylamines. Aryl acid chloride was treated with ammonium sulfocyanide in the presence of PEG-400in CH2Cl2,followed by the addition of arylamines,to obtain 1-arylacyl-3-phenylthiourea in good to excellent yields. This intermediate can be used directly without further purifications.In a preliminary experiment,we investigated the intramolecular C-S bond formation of 1-acetyl-3-phenylthiourea utilizing PdCl2 (20%) and a mild base (K2CO3,2 equiv.) in DMSO for 20 h at 100 ℃(Table 1,entry 1). However,the reaction almost failed to take place. Subsequently,we screened several metal salts as cocatalysts, includingAlCl3,CuCl2,Cu(OAc)2,CoCl2,NiCl2,FeCl3,CuI, and CuCl,and found that the addition of CuI considerably enhanced this reaction (Table 1,entries 2-8). However,the desired yield was still not obtained. Surprisingly,when Doi’s condition was used,the yield was still very low (42%) (Table 1,entry 9). Generally,the choice of the ligands is important for the reaction catalyzed by the metal,which prompted us to explore the effect of several bidentate ligands. We carried out the reaction of 1-acetyl-3-phenylthiourea by screening these ligands,such as 1,10-phenanthroline,β-keto esters,β-diketones,andL-proline. (Table 1,entries 10-13),and we were pleased to find that the use of these ligands can notably improve the yield of the product under the same conditions,and that L-proline proved to be the best among an array of ligands tested (Table 1,entry 14). When the amount of CuI and PdCl2 was decreased to 20 mol% and 10mol%,respectively,the catalytic activity was maintained (Table 1,entry 14). Furthermore,we also investigated other bases (Cs2CO3 and K3PO4) (Table 1,entries 15- 16),solvents (DMF,DME,and toluene) (Table 1,entries 17-19) and reaction time (Table 1,entries 20-21). When only CuI was used in this cyclization,no reaction can take place (Table 1,entry 22). Thus, the optimized reaction conditions are as the follows: substrate (1 mmol),PdCl2 (10 mol%),CuI (20 mol%),Cs2CO3 (2 equiv.), L-proline (20 mol%) in DMSO (4 mL) within 8 h at 100 ℃.In response to this encouraging result,we used a range of substituted1-acetyl-3-(phenyl)thioureas to investigate the scope and limitation of this reaction. The corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields (88%-98%). The results obtained under the optimized conditions are listed in Table 2. Initially,the substituents of phenyl were screened. The results demonstrate that little effect of the substituted groups on the benzene ring was observed for this transformation.Furthermore,substituents at different positions of the phenyl ring do not significantly affect the efficiency (Table 2,entries 1-8). It is noteworthy that the halosubstituted benzenes survived leading to halo-substituted products,which can be used for further transformations (Table 2, entries 2,7,8 and 11). In order to make the new Sankyo investigational drugs,the R group was selected as a cyclohexyl to give the corresponding products (Table 2,entries 10-12).Although extensive studies on reaction mechanism have not yet been carried out,the proposed mechanism can be proposed according to the similar palladium-catalyzed processes [51] (Scheme 3). 1-Acetyl-3-(phenyl)thiourea was converted to the thioenolate in the presence of Cs2CO3. Pre-association of the sulphur atom in the thioenolate to Pd(OAc)2 facilitates the orthopalladation process with the concomitant release of chloride ion. The formation of the six-membered palladacycle and the subsequent reductive elimination leads to N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amide and Pd(0). The Pd(0) species are reoxidized to Pd(II) by CuI,thus completing the catalytic cycle.4. ConclusionIn conclusion,we have achieved an efficient intramolecular cyclization of substituted 1-acetyl-3-(2-phenyl) thioureas catalyzed by palladium(II) catalysts through C(sp2)-H functionalization. This method can provide more diversiform N-benzothiazol-2-yl-amides efficiently and quickly in high yields under relatively mild conditions. The combination of the generality with respect to the substrate scope and facile accessibility to the starting materials may generate numerous synthetic possibilities. Further mechanistic analysis of these reactions will be the subject of future work.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21462016,21262010),Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province and the Advanced Research Fund of Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.References[1] R.S. Keri, M.R. Patil, S.A. Patil, S. Budagumpi, A comprehensive review in currentdevelopments of benzothiazole-based molecules in medicinal chemistry, Eur. J.Med. Chem. 89 (2015) 207-251.[2] A. Rouf, C. Tanyeli, Bioactive thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med.Chem.97 (2015) 911-927.[3] A.G. DiKundar, G.K. Dutta, T.N. Guru Row, S. Patil, Polymorphism inopto-electronic materials with a benzothiazole-fluorene core: a consequence of high conformational flexibility of p-conjugated backbone and alkyl sidechains, Cryst. Growth Des. 11 (2011) 1615-1622.[4] T. Girihar, W. Cho, Y.H. Kim, et al., A systematic identification of efficiencyenrichment between thiazole and benzothiazole based yellow iridium(III)complexes, J. Mater. Chem.2 (2014) 9398-9405.[5] F. Parlati, U.V. Ramesh, R.P. Singh, et al., Benzothiazole and thiazole5,5-bipyridine compositions and their use as ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, PCT Int.Appl. WO 2005037845, 2005.[6] M. Yoshida, I. Hayakawa, N. Hayashi, et al., Synthesis and biological evaluation ofbenzothiazole derivatives as potent antitumor agents, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 (2005) 3328-3332.[7] T.R. Bailey, D.C. Pevear, Benzothiazol compounds, compositions and methods fortreatment and prophylaxis of rotavirus infections and associated diseases, PCT Int. Appl. WO 2004078115, 2004.[8] A. Alanine, A. Flohr, A.K. Miller, R.D. Norcross, C. Riemer, Benzothlazolederivatives, PCT Int. Appl. WO 2001097786, 2001.[9] S. Kerwin, L.H. Hurley, M.R. De, Compounds and method for providingpharmacologically active preparation and uses thereof, PCT Int. Appl.WO9748694, 1997.[10] H. Liu, X. Jiang, Transfer of sulfur: from simple to diverse, Chem. Asian J. 8 (2013)2546-2563.[11] D.V. Partyka, Transmetalation of unsaturated carbon nucleophiles fromboroncontaining species to the mid to late block metals of relevance to catalytic C-X coupling reactions (X = C, F, N, O, Pb, S, Se, Te), Chem. Rev.111 (2011)1529-1595.[12] H. Yu, M. Zhang, Y. Li, Copper-catalyzed synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes andbenzothiazoles using thiocarboxylic acids as a coupling partner, J. Org. Chem. 78 (2013) 8898-8903.[13] H. Deng, Z. Li, F. Ke, X. Zhou, Cu-catalyzed three-component synthesis ofsubstituted benzothiazoles in water,Chem. Eur. J.18 (2012) 4840-4843.[14] H.J. Xu, Y.Q. Zhao, T. Feng, Y.S. Feng, Chan-lam-type S-arylation of thiols withboronic acids at room temperature, J. Org. Chem.77 (2012) 2878-2884.[15] D.J.C. Prasad, G. Sekar, Cu-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylthioethers by coupling of aryl halides using a thiol precursor, Org. Lett. 13 (2011) 1008-1011.[16] L.L. Sun, C.L. Deng, R.Y. Tang, X.G. Zhang, CuI/TMEDA-catalyzed annulation of 2-bromo alkynylbenzenes with Na2S: synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes, J. Org.Chem.76 (2011) 7546-7550.[17] H.L. Kao, C.F. Lee, Efficient copper-catalyzed s-vinylation of thiols with vinylhalides, Org. Lett. 13 (2011) 5204-5207.[18] F. Ke, Y. Qu, Z. Jiang, et al., An efficient copper-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bondformation protocol in water, Org. Lett.13 (2011) 454-457.[19] D. Chen, Z.J. Wang, W. Bao, Copper-catalyzed cascade syntheses of2H-benzo[ b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-ones and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones throughcapturing S and N atom respectively from AcSH and TsNH2, J. Org. Chem. 75(2010) 5768- 5771.[20] C.L. Li, X.G. Zhang, R.Y. Tang, P. Zhong, J.H. Li, Copper-catalyzed thiolationannulations of 1,4-dihalides with sulfides leading to 2-trifluoromethylbenzothiophenes and benzothiazoles, J. Org. Chem.75 (2010) 7037-7040.[21] W. You, X. Yan, Q. Liao, C. Xi, Cu-catalyzed double s-alkenylation of potassiumsulfide: a highly efficient method for the synthesis of various thiophenes, Org.Lett. 12 (2010) 3930-3933.[22] Y. Jiang, S. Xie, Y. Qin, X. Zhang, D. Ma, A general and efficient approach to arylthiols: CuI-catalyzed coupling of aryl lodides with sulfur and subsequentreduction, Org. Lett. 11 (2009) 5250-5253.[23] S. Murru, P. Mondal, R. Yella, B.K. Patel, Copper(I)-catalyzed cascade synthesis of2-substituted 1,3-benzothiazoles: direct access to benzothiazolones, Eur. J. Org.Chem. (2009) 5406-5413.[24] S. Murru, H. Ghosh, S.K. Sahoo, B.K. Patel, Intra- and intermolecular C-S bondformation using a single catalytic system: first direct access toarylthiobenzothiazoles, Org. Lett. 11 (2009) 4254-4257.[25] C.G. Bates, P. Saejueng, M.Q. Doherty, D. Venkataraman, Copper-catalyzedsynthesis of vinyl sulfides 6 (2004) 5005-5008.[26] Z. Qiao, H. Liu, X. Xiao, et al., Efficient access to 1,4-benzothiazine:palladiumcatalyzed double C-S bond formation using Na2S2O3 as sulfuratingreagent, Org. Lett. 15 (2013) 2594-2597.[27] M. Kuhn, F.C. Falk, J. Paradies, Palladium-catalyzed C-S coupling: access tothioethers, benzo[b]thiophenes, and thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes, Org. Lett.13(2011) 4100-4103.[28] C.C. Eichman, J.P. Stambuli, Zinc-mediated palladium-catalyzed formation ofcarbon-sulfur bonds, J. Org. Chem. 74 (2009) 4005-4008.[29] T. Dahl, C.W. Tornoe, B. Bang-Andersen, P. Nielsen, M. Jorgensen,Palladiumcatalyzed three-component approach to promazine with formation of one carbon- sulfur and two carbon-nitrogen bonds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47(2008) 1726-1728.[30] J.Y. Lee, P.H. Lee, Palladium-catalyzed carbon-sulfur cross-coupling reactionswith indium tri(organothiolate) and its application to sequential one-potprocesses, J. Org. Chem.73 (2008) 7413-7426.[31] M.A. Fernandez-Rodroeguez, Q. Shen, J.F. Hartwig, A general and long-livedcatalyst for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with thiols, J. Am.Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 2180-2181.[32] M. Iwasaki, M. Iyanaga, Y. Tsuchiya, et al., Palladium-catalyzed direct thiolation ofaryl C-H bonds with disulfides, Chem. Eur. J. 20 (2014) 2459-2462.[33] X.B. Xu, J. Liu, J.J. Zhang, Y.W. Wang, Y. Peng, Nickel-mediated inter- andintramolecular C-S coupling of thiols and thioacetates with aryl Iodides at room temperature, Org. Lett. 15 (2013) 550-553.[34] N. Sakai, T. Miyazaki, T. Sakamoto, et al., Single-step thioetherification byindiumcatalyzed reductive coupling of carboxylic acids with thiols, Org. Lett.14 (2012) 4366-4369.[35] Y. Yang, W. Hou, L. Qin, et al., Rhodium-catalyzed directed sulfenylation of areneC-H bonds, Chem. Eur. J.20 (2014) 416-420.[36] Y.Y. Lin, Y.J. Wang, C.H. Lin, J.H. Cheng, C.F. Lee, Synthesis of alkenyl sulfidesthrough the iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of vinyl Halides with thiols, J.Org. 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(英文版)催化和催化剂-the-Catalyst-and--Catalysis
Better life
Clean water Fresh air
Environment health
Benefit
Cost Research Transformation
Millions of years
Oxygen in the air mixes with iron to form rust
1 week to several months
Hydrogen Peroxide forms a chemical reaction with your body
Seconds
Why Catalysis?
Need to make chemicals faster
Most Reactions are too slow to be useful...
Examples of Reactions w/o Catalysis
Plants & animals decompose to oil & coal
Catalyst + Products
How catalysts work?
energy
AB
Top
Ea,0
catalys tAFra bibliotek--B---K
S
1
2
A+B +K
To find an easier path to the destination!!!
A+B AB
A+B+K 1 A---B---K
2
A---B---K AB+K
in making a large part of products we daily use (from clothes to all plastic products)
催化剂 英文作文
催化剂英文作文A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It works by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place.Catalysts can be found in various forms, such as solid, liquid, or gas, and they can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase.The use of catalysts is widespread in industrial processes, such as in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and petroleum refining. They are also used in automotive catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles.In addition to industrial applications, catalysts alsoplay a crucial role in biological systems. Enzymes, for example, act as catalysts in living organisms, speeding up biochemical reactions that are essential for life.One of the key advantages of using catalysts is that they can significantly reduce the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur, leading to cost savings and environmental benefits. Additionally, they can enable the production of specific products with higher selectivity and efficiency.Overall, catalysts are essential for driving chemical reactions in various fields, from industrial processes to biological systems, and they play a crucial role in advancing technology and improving sustainability.。
应用化学英文作文
应用化学英文作文英文：As an applied chemist, my job involves using chemical principles and techniques to solve practical problems in various industries. This can include developing new materials for use in construction, improving the efficiency of industrial processes, and ensuring the safety andquality of consumer products.One example of how I have applied chemistry in my work is in the development of a new type of insulation material for buildings. By using my knowledge of the properties of different chemicals and their reactions, I was able to create a material that is both highly effective at insulating and environmentally friendly.Another example is in my work with a pharmaceutical company. By applying my understanding of how drugs interact with the body, I was able to help develop a new medicationthat is more effective and has fewer side effects than previous treatments.Overall, being an applied chemist requires a strong foundation in chemical principles, as well as the ability to think creatively and apply that knowledge to real-world problems.中文：作为一名应用化学家，我的工作涉及使用化学原理和技术来解决各种行业中的实际问题。
The Properties of Zeolite Based Catalysts
The Properties of Zeolite BasedCatalysts随着化学科技的不断发展，催化剂的应用越来越广泛，其中一种特殊的催化剂——沸石催化剂，成为了许多化学反应中不可或缺的一部分。
沸石催化剂因其高效、成本低廉、易于制备和环保等优点，在许多领域中得到了广泛的应用。
本篇文章将着重探讨沸石催化剂的物理、化学性质及其应用。
1.沸石催化剂的物理性质沸石催化剂是由沸石骨架、离子或原子团等结构元素以及其他成分组成的。
沸石骨架通常由硅氧四面体构成，沸石催化剂的骨架具有高度的异构性，其中沸石MFI结构最为常见，其骨架如图1所示。
沸石催化剂具有多孔性，微孔催化剂的比表面积随着微孔直径的增大而减小。
相对于一般的催化剂，沸石催化剂拥有的大量的孔道，可以给反应分子提供足够的接触表面，可以使反应在小时内完成。
与此同时，孔道的大小也影响着反应的速率。
沸石催化剂因其多孔的特性和结构元素的不同可以选择性地吸附不同大小、形状和结构的分子，因而可以选择性地催化反应。
例如，CrHZSM-5在烷基化反应中通过孔径形状、孔径大小和催化剂表面丰度等因素来选择性地生产合成气。
2.沸石催化剂的化学性质作为一种催化剂，沸石催化剂不仅具有催化活性，还可以选择性地加速化学反应，这可能是由于其高度异构性结构和多种各异的酸性类型所致。
在化学反应中，催化剂的酸性是至关重要的，而沸石催化剂之所以优越，是因为其酸性通过控制催化剂结构，可以选择性地改变反应路径，并具有高催化活性和选择性。
沸石催化剂中的酸性主要来自于晶格中的质子、氧缺陷、某些金属以及表面和孔道处的氧化物物种。
因此，沸石催化剂的酸性和反应性可以通过对沸石催化剂的酸性中心标识和酸性强度定量来调节。
主要用于表征酸性质的技术有TPD、TPR 等。
例如，Goldsbrough等人通过使用TPD技术确定CrHZSM-5的酸性中心类型和位置。
3.沸石催化剂的应用沸石催化剂具有广泛的应用，其中在油化工业中的应用最为普遍。
化学英文文章
化学英文文章当涉及化学的英文文章时，可以根据具体的主题来搜索相关文章。
以下是一个化学方面的英文文章示例，主题为"The Role of Catalysts in Chemical Reactions"（催化剂在化学反应中的作用）：Title: The Crucial Role of Catalysts in Chemical ReactionsAbstract:Chemical reactions play a pivotal role in various industrial processes and everyday life. One key factor influencing the rate and efficiency of these reactions is the use of catalysts. This article explores the fundamental principles of catalysis and delves into the diverse applications of catalysts across different chemical processes.Introduction:Catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. This property makes them indispensable in numerous industrial processes, including the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.Catalysis Mechanisms:The article discusses the mechanisms through which catalysts operate, such as providing a surface for reactants to bind, facilitating the breaking of chemical bonds, or stabilizing intermediate reaction states. Examples of common catalysts, including transition metals and enzymes, are highlighted.Industrial Applications:A significant portion of the article is dedicated to exploring how catalysts are employed in industrial settings. Case studies include the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in petroleum refining, the synthesis of ammonia in the Haber-Bosch process, and the role of enzymes in food processing.Environmental Impact:The environmental implications of catalysis are also addressed. The article examines how catalysts contribute to reducing energy consumption and minimizing the production of undesirable by-products, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.Current Research and Future Prospects:The concluding sections provide insights into ongoing research in catalysis, including the development of novel catalysts and the exploration of catalytic processes in emerging fields such as sustainable energy and nanotechnology. The article concludes by discussing the potential future advancements and challenges in the field of catalysis.Conclusion:In summary, this article sheds light on the indispensable role of catalysts in chemical reactions. From fundamental principles to practical applications, catalysts significantly impact the efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability of diverse chemical processes.注意，这只是一个示例，可以根据感兴趣的具体化学主题调整文章的内容。
(英文版)催化和催化剂-the-Catalyst-and--Catalysis只是分享
Hydrogen Peroxide forms a chemical reaction with your body
Seconds
Ways to Make Chemicals Faster
Temperature
Disadvantage--Too hot!
Catalyst-Reactants
Catalyst + Reactants
Catalyst + Products
How catalysts work?
energy
AB
Top
Ea,0
catalys t
A---B---K
S
1
2
A+B +K
To find an easier path to the destination!!!
Catalysis is around us
in making a large part of products we daily use (from clothes to all plastic products)
in preserving our environment and health (enabling a sustainable production, energy and mobility)
Betterr
Environment health
Benefit
Cost Research Transformation
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢
(英文版)催化和催化剂-theCatalyst-and--Catalysis
关于催化剂的作文800字
关于催化剂的作文800字英文回答：Catalysts are substances that can speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They playa crucial role in various industries, such as petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection.The use of catalysts allows for more efficient and sustainable processes.One of the key advantages of catalysts is their ability to lower the activation energy of a reaction. This meansthat they provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier, allowing the reaction to occur at a faster rate. For example, in the production of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process, iron catalysts are used to facilitate the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen gases. Without the catalyst, the reaction would require extremely high temperatures and pressures, making it economically unfeasible. The presence of the catalyst allows thereaction to proceed at lower temperatures and pressures, saving energy and reducing costs.Another important aspect of catalysts is their selectivity. Catalysts can specifically promote certain reactions while inhibiting others, leading to the desired product. This selectivity is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry, where the synthesis of complex molecules often requires multiple steps. For example, in the production of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, acatalyst is used to selectively convert a specific starting material into the desired intermediate compound. This intermediate can then be further transformed into ibuprofen. The use of a catalyst in this process ensures the desired product is obtained with high yield and purity.Furthermore, catalysts can also enhance the stability and durability of a reaction system. They can prevent undesired side reactions and minimize the formation of by-products. This is particularly important in environmental applications, such as catalytic converters in automobiles. These converters contain catalysts that convert harmfulpollutants, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons, into less harmful substances. The catalysts in these converters are designed to be highly stable and resistant to deactivation, ensuring effectiveand long-lasting pollutant removal.In conclusion, catalysts are essential in various industries due to their ability to accelerate reactions, provide selectivity, and enhance system stability. Theiruse enables more efficient and sustainable processes, leading to cost savings, improved product yields, and environmental benefits.中文回答：催化剂是一种能够加速化学反应而不被消耗的物质。
工业催化英文作文
工业催化英文作文Title: The Pivotal Role of Industrial Catalysis in Modern Chemical ManufacturingIn the realm of chemical production and manufacturing, few technologies hold as much significance as industrial catalysis. The application of catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions has revolutionized the way we produce a vast array of substances, from pharmaceuticals to plastics, and from agrochemicals to fuels. In this essay, I will explore the critical role that industrial catalysis plays in modern chemical manufacturing, discussing its advantages, applications, and future prospects.At the heart of industrial catalysis lies the catalyst, a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. Catalysts can be homogeneous, operating in the same phase as the reactants, or heterogeneous, existing in a different phase. Their unique ability to lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur makes them indispensable in many industrial processes.One of the primary advantages of industrial catalysis is efficiency. By enabling reactions to occur at lowertemperatures and pressures than would otherwise be required, catalysts help to reduce energy consumption and increase process safety. Additionally, they often provide higher yields and selectivity, meaning that the desired product is produced more consistently and with fewer by-products. This not only improves the economic viability of chemical manufacturing but also minimizes waste and reduces environmental impact.The applications of industrial catalysis are manifold. In the petrochemical industry, catalysts are essential for processes such as cracking and reforming, which convert crude oil into usable fuels and petrochemicals. In the production of plastics, catalysts facilitate polymerization reactions, allowing long chains of repeating monomers to be formed with precision. The synthesis of pharmaceuticals often relies on complex organic reactions that require catalysts to proceed efficiently and with high specificity. Moreover, the development of green catalytic technologies is paving the way for sustainable chemical production, utilizing renewable feedstocks and minimizing harmful emissions.Despite their numerous benefits, challenges remain in the field of industrial catalysis. The search for more active, selective, and durable catalysts continues, as does the effort tounderstand the complex mechanisms underlying catalytic processes. The need for efficient catalyst recovery and regeneration is also a key consideration, particularly for precious metal catalysts where cost and resource scarcity are major concerns.Looking ahead, the future of industrial catalysis appears bright. Advances in materials science are leading to the development of new catalytic materials with enhanced properties. The integration of computational methods and artificial intelligence is enabling the rational design of catalysts and the optimization of reaction conditions. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability is driving research into cleaner, more efficient catalytic processes that align with the principles of green chemistry.In conclusion, industrial catalysis is an indispensable cornerstone of modern chemical manufacturing. It offers a multitude of benefits, including increased efficiency, improved product quality, and reduced environmental impact. As technology continues to evolve, so too will our ability to harness the power of catalysts to create a more sustainable and prosperous chemical industry. The ongoing advancements in catalysis research promise a future wherechemical production is not only economically viable but also environmentally responsible, laying the foundation for a healthier planet and a thriving global community.。
应用化学有关的英语作文
应用化学有关的英语作文Application of Chemistry in Daily Life。
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives, from the food we eat to the medicines we take. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which chemistry is applied in our daily lives.One of the most common applications of chemistry is in the field of food and nutrition. Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. It helps in understanding the composition of different foods, their nutritional value, and the changes that occur during cooking and storage. For example, the process of caramelization, which gives a brown color and a characteristic flavor to foods, is a result of the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars.Understanding these chemical reactions helps in improving the taste and quality of food products.Another important application of chemistry is in the field of medicine. Pharmaceutical chemistry involves the study of drug compounds, their synthesis, and their interactions with the human body. Chemists work to develop new drugs, improve existing ones, and ensure their safety and efficacy. For example, the development of antibiotics, which revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections, is a result of the chemical synthesis of various compounds. Chemistry also plays a crucial role in the analysis of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids, which is essential for monitoring drug levels in patients.Chemistry is also applied in the field of environmental science. Environmental chemistry is the study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural environments. It helps in understanding the impact of human activities on the environment, such as the release of pollutants and the depletion of natural resources. For example, the study of the ozone layer and the chemistry ofozone depletion has led to the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which has helped in protecting the ozone layer from further damage.Furthermore, chemistry is essential in the field of materials science. The development of new materials with specific properties, such as strength, durability, and conductivity, relies on the understanding of their chemical composition and structure. For example, the development of polymers and composites with unique properties has revolutionized various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and electronics.In conclusion, chemistry is an integral part of our daily lives, with applications in various fields such as food and nutrition, medicine, environmental science, and materials science. Its role in improving the quality of life, protecting the environment, and advancing technology cannot be overstated. As such, the study of chemistry is essential for a better understanding of the world around us and for the development of new solutions to the challenges we face.。
应用化学英文作文
应用化学英文作文Chemistry is all around us, playing a vital role in our everyday lives. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, chemistry is involved in countless aspects of our daily routines. It is the science that deals with the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter. Without chemistry, our world would be a very different place.Think about the food we consume. Chemistry is responsible for the flavors and aromas we enjoy. It is the reason why a ripe banana tastes sweet and why a cup ofcoffee smells so inviting. Chemistry is also involved in food preservation, ensuring that our meals stay fresh for longer periods of time. Without chemistry, our taste buds would not be as satisfied.Chemistry also plays a crucial role in the developmentof new materials. From the clothes we wear to the buildings we live in, chemistry is behind the creation of innovative materials. For example, synthetic fibers such as nylon andpolyester are the result of chemical processes. These materials are durable, lightweight, and easy to care for, making them ideal for everyday use. Without chemistry, our wardrobe choices would be limited.In addition, chemistry is essential in the field of medicine. It is through chemistry that new drugs are discovered and developed. Chemists work tirelessly to create medications that can treat and cure diseases. Chemistry also helps in understanding the chemical reactions that occur within our bodies, allowing us to better comprehend how diseases develop and progress. Without chemistry, our ability to combat illnesses would be severely hindered.Furthermore, chemistry is crucial in environmental science. It helps us understand the impact of human activities on the environment and find ways to mitigate the damage. Chemistry is involved in studying air pollution, water contamination, and soil degradation. It provides us with the knowledge and tools to develop sustainable solutions and protect our planet. Without chemistry, ourenvironment would suffer greatly.In conclusion, chemistry is a fundamental science that impacts various aspects of our lives. It is involved in the food we eat, the materials we use, the medicines we take, and the environment we live in. Without chemistry, our world would lack the advancements and innovations that make our lives easier and more enjoyable. So next time you enjoy a delicious meal, put on a comfortable outfit, or take a medication, remember the role that chemistry plays in making it all possible.。
关于催化剂的作文800字
关于催化剂的作文800字英文回答：Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur, which lowers the activation energy and makes the reaction proceed faster. Catalysts are essential for many industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, fuels, and plastics.There are two main types of catalysts: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase. Heterogeneous catalysts are typically used in gas-phase reactions, while homogeneous catalysts areused in liquid-phase reactions.The activity of a catalyst is measured by its turnover number, which is the number of moles of reactant that areconverted to product per mole of catalyst per unit time.The selectivity of a catalyst is the ratio of the moles of desired product to the total moles of products formed.Catalysts can be poisoned by impurities in thereactants or products. Poisoning can occur when theimpurity adsorbs onto the catalyst surface and blocks the active sites. Catalysts can also be deactivated by sintering, which is the growth of catalyst particles over time.The development of new catalysts is an important areaof research. New catalysts can lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processes.中文回答：什么是催化剂？催化剂是一种在化学反应中增加反应速率但不会被消耗的物质。
催化剂 英文作文
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英文版催化和催化剂theCatalystandCatalysis精品文档
Ways to Make Chemicals Faster
Temperature
Disadvantage--Too hot!
Pressure
Disadvantage--Cause Explosions
Add other Chemicals
Disadvantage--Separate chemicals
as a tool to develop advanced and functional materials and devices
Catalysis makes the world better!
Applications
New catalyst
Clean production
Better environment
Catalysis is around us
in making a large part of products we daily use (from clothes to all plastic products)
in preserving our environment and health (enabling a sustainable production, energy and mobility)
Why Catalysis?
Need to make chemicals faster
Most Reactions are too slow to be useful...
Examples of Reactions w/o Catalysis
Plants & animals decompose to oil & coal
The Catalyst and Catalysis
催化剂论文
负载型金催化剂的研究及应用化工07-3 张波 120073304069摘要讨论了有关金属催化剂的相关知识并着重介绍了负载型金催化剂的发展、常用的制备方法及应用，金催化剂的性能，展望了金催化剂的前景。
关键词负载型金催化剂制备性能应用Supported Gold Catalysts for Research and Applicationchemicial engineering and technology class of 073 zhangbo 120073304069Abstract This paper discusses the metal catalyst-related knowledge and highlights the development of supported gold catalysts, commonly used preparation methods and application of the performance of gold catalysts and looking forward to the prospect of the gold catalyst.Key words supported gold catalyst preparation, performance, application1金属催化剂的概述存在少量就能显著加速反应而不改变反应的总标准吉布斯函数变的物质称为该反应的催化剂。
金属催化剂是一类重要的工业催化剂。
主要包括块状催化剂，如电解银催化剂、融铁催化剂、铂网催化剂等；分散或者负载型的金属催化剂，如Pt-Re/-Al2O3重整催化剂，Ni/Al2O3加氢催化剂等。
几乎所有的金属催化剂都是过渡金属，这与金属的结构、表面化学键有关。
金属适合于作哪种类型的催化剂，要看其对反应物的相容性。
发生催化反应时，催化剂与反应物要相互作用。
除表面外，不深入到体内，此即相容性。