特殊句式 倒装
英语特殊句式--倒装句
else in the world can you see (世界上没有其他地方你能看见) such a 14.Nowhere ________________ wonderful sight. (see)
will we be the first (one) (我们不会成为第一个) to use nuclear 15. Under no circumstances________________ weapons. (first) moving film was it 这是一部如此感人的电影)that they were all lost in thought 16.Sucha________________( after it was over. (moving) can we finish the work ahead of time (我们才能提前 17.Only by seizing every minute________________ 完成工作). (finish) Child as he is 18. _________________________( 虽然他是个孩子), he is always thinking of
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部分倒装 1、so, neither, nor 开头： （1）So+ 助动词 + 主语（前句是肯定句） He devoted his life to abstract research, so did that scientist. 他把一生都致力于抽象理论研究上去了，那位科学家也是这样。 （2）neither / nor +助动词 + 主语（前句是否定句） He has never been abroad, neither / nor has Jim. （3）Neither / nor + 助动词 + 相同主语 I haven’t heard from him for a long time, neither / nor have I seen him. 我很久未收到他的信，也没有见到过他。 注意：“so + 主语 + 助动词”重复强调上句内容，不是倒装。 —John does better in English than his sister, 约翰的英语学得比他妹妹好。 —So he does, 确实是这样。
特殊句式倒装句
7.当“so/such ...that...”中“so/such”位于句首，表示“如此... 以至于...”, 引起部分到装.前倒后不倒！ 例： So nice is she that everyone likes her.
8.so+形容词/副词 或者such 位于句首，引起部分倒装。 例如： So happy did he look just then. Such is he .
谢谢
9. 在 由 if 引 导 的 虚 拟 语 气 的 从 句 中 ， 若 有 were/should/had等词时，可将if省略，将刚刚那三类词 提前到主语前面，引起部分倒装。
If I were you,I would try again. 改成：Were I you,I would try again. ______ earn money, I would live better. A I did B I should C Did I D Should I
10.方式副词well或频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours置于句首的句子。(有时候也可以不用倒装) 1)Often did I remind him not to do that. 2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.
部分倒装
（将谓语的一部分置于主语之前，如助动词、连系动词 或情态动词，引起部分倒装）
1.含有否定或半否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, in no case, by no means 等。 （部分倒装） Never have I seen such a beautiful flower. 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装
高考专题特殊句式----倒装(熟记方法附上习题跟答案)
倒装使用倒装可以简单归结为“闹事”原则，这里的闹事指：N：never，not,hardly等否定词或否定短语谓语句首；A：as引导的让步状语从句调整语序的形式倒装或前置；O：only+状语谓语句首，用部分倒装；S：so，such；H：here，there地点和时间副词至于句首，用完全倒装；I:if虚拟语气中省略if，进行部分倒桩；接下来先说说一说什么是部分倒装和全部倒装，英语句子中，主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。
反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词，系动词或情态动词提前，剩下的句子主谓不变。
N：否定副词及短语置于句首1.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等置于句首，句子部分倒装。
例句：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
2.at no time(无论如何，绝不），under/in no circumstance(在任何情况下都不），in no case, by no means,on no condition,Not.. until, (直到...才），no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...when(一....就...)例句：Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。
A：由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。
句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他，它只把强调的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装，其中注意，如果从句的表语提前，且表语是名词，复数或不可数直接提前，后面句子照抄，如果是单数，冠词要省去。
特殊句式---倒装句 英语
Grammar| 倒装句(Inversion)倒装句英语的基本语序是: 主+谓…。
这样的排列顺序称正常语序。
但有时为了强调(某一成分)和结构的需要，可采用倒装语序构成倒装句。
它可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
一、全部倒装结构: 倒装成分+谓语+主语…1) The boys rushed out.-- Out rushed the boys.2) A little boy lay on the ground.-- On the ground lay a little boy.全部倒装的有以下几种情况：①地点副词here, there;时间副词now, then表示“运动方向”的副词away, up, down, out, in, off, back, inside, outside, above, below...+不及物动词+主语(名词).1) Here are some picture-books.Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.2) Now comes your turn.(时态常用一般现在时)Then came the day of his examination.3) Away went the girl.In came a strange man.Up flew the birds into the sky.Off ran the horse.★当句子的主语是代词时,只将副词提前Here she comes.Away she went.Out they ran.②表示地点的介词短语+不及物动词+主语(名词)1) Under the big tree sat some students.2) At the school gate stood a guard.3) On top of the hill stood a tower.On the wall hangs a large map.4) South of the city lies a big company.5) They arrived at the house, in front of which sat a little girl.★主语是代词时,不用倒装③表语(done, doing, adj, 介短) +连系动词+主语1) Gone was the days when Chinese people used "foreign oil".2) Present at the meeting were Professor Li and many other guests.3) Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.4) Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.二、部分倒装结构: 倒装成分+助动词+主语+谓语…1) He was able to go to school only when the war was over.--Only when the war was over was he able to go to school.2) I will never forget it.-- Never will I forget it.部分倒装的有以下几种情况：①含有否定意义的词开头如: never, hardly, rarely, barely, seldom, little, few, nowhere, no sooner…(than), hardly/scarcely…(when)…,in no time(马上), at no time/ in no way/ in no case/ by no means(决不), not, not only…(but also)…, not until…, nothing, nobody等等1) Not a word did he say at the meeting.2) Never have I heard such a thing.Nothing did I see.3) Little did she say in the discussion.4) Hardly had he seen me when he ran away.5) Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.6) Not until I received his letter did I learn anything about it.7) In no time will he come back.8) In no way should we forget history.★not 否定主语或not only…but also…连接两个主语时不用倒装1) Not a word was said.2) Not only you but also I will go there.3) Little work was done yesterday.②用于only所修饰的副词,介短, 状语从句开头时.1) Only in this way can we learn English well.2) Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake.3) Only by seizing every minute can we finish the work on time.4) Only when he got home did he know what happened to her.★但only 修饰主语时不用倒装1) Only some boys passed the math exam.2) Only Dr. Yang can save his life.③so/ neither/ nor+助动词+主语…表示甲…, 乙“也”/ “也不...”1) He went to college last year, (and) so did I.2) He has been to Qingdao, so have I.3) He could not do it, neither/ nor could I.4) After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.★在so +主+助动, 表示同意对方的说法,意为“的确如此”.--Jim does well in Chinese.--so he does.--It is very hot today.-- Yes, so it is.★Neither…nor…连接的两个句子都要倒装；not only…but also…连接的两个句子时，not only后面的句子要倒装1) Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.2) Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn form practice.④在so/such …(that…)结构中.so +adj/adv 或such (a/an) adj 名词+助动词+主语…1) The book is so interesting that all the children like it.--So interesting is the book that all the children like it.2) He spoke so loudly that everyone could hear him clearly.--So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.3) It is such fine weather that we decide to go for an outing.--Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing.⑤某些频度副词(often, many a time, always, now and then, every two hours等) 放在句首时.1) Often did we warn them not to do so.2) Always will we remember the importance of the meeting.3) Many a time has he given us good advice.4) Now and then does Jones go to the cinema.★其实，特殊疑问句也属于部分倒装。
特殊句式·倒装强调反义疑问句省略
特殊句式考点串讲条理清晰轻松把握一．倒装：部分倒装；全部倒装部分倒装倒装（一）含有否定意义词置于句首。
never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely….when…, no sooner…than…, not only…but also…, not until, nowhere, neither…nor…例1. I’ve tried very hard to i mprove my English. But by no means____ with my progress. (06年重庆卷)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied（二）Only+状语/状语从句置于句首时例4. Only then____ how much damage had been caused? (06年陕西卷)A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize（三）. so/such…that…结构中例7. So difficult____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (06年广东卷)A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD. have I found（四）“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”例8. ──It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?──Yes. ____ yesterday. (06年福建卷)A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it（五）. As/though 引导的让步状语从句例11.______, he talks a lot about his favorites singers after class.(05年重庆卷)A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may beD. Quiet as he may be a student（六.）非真实条件句中的倒装。
文言文特殊句式之倒装句学习
文言文特殊句式之倒装句学习【倒装句主要有四种】1主谓倒置。
在感叹句或疑问句中，为了强调谓语，它被置于句首以加强感叹句或疑问语气。
2宾语前置。
否定句中代词充当宾语、疑问代词充当动词或介词的宾语以及用“之”字或“是”字作为提宾标志时，宾语通常都要前置。
3后定语。
在古代汉语中，为了突出修饰语，定语有时放在首词之后。
4介宾结构后置。
[详情]一、主谓倒装，主谓倒装也叫谓语前置或主语后置。
古汉语中。
谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样，一般放在主语之后，但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义，在一些疑问句或感叹句中，就把谓语提前到主语前面。
你怎么了。
整个句子都是“你怎么了”。
你太聪明了。
二、宾语前置文言文中，动词或介词的宾语，一般放置于动词或介词之后，有如下几种情况：在疑问句中，疑问代词是宾语，宾语在前面。
在这类句子中，介词的宾语也是介词。
a.介宾倒装例：孔文子何以谓之“文”也?“何以”是“以何”的倒装，可译为“为什么”微斯人，吾谁与归?“吾谁与归”是“吾与谁归”的倒装，可译为“我和谁同道呢?”b、这对我来说是什么？“你是什么”是“你是什么”的翻版。
在古代汉语中，疑问代词作宾语时，通常放在谓语前面。
都一样。
孔子说：“怎么了？”“What is crude”是“What is crude”的倒转。
那么粗俗的“和”，疑问代词“直”，助词，没有真正的意义，这是这里宾语介词的标志。
2文言否定句中，代词做宾语，宾语前置。
例如，“不自哀”是“不自哀”的倒装，可以翻译为“不为自己悲伤”。
在代词“否定”中，做代词“自我”。
另一个例子是“不要自信”，“自信”的意思是“相信自己”，意思是相信自己。
3用“之”或“是”把宾语提于动词前，以突出强调宾语。
这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志，没有什么实在意义。
谁给了荷花的爱？“爱莲”是“爱莲”的翻版，可以翻译为“爱莲”。
“志”是一个助词，没有真正的意义。
这是宾语介词的符号。
孔子说：“什么是坏的”和“什么是坏的”是“什么是坏的”的倒转。
特殊句式之倒装
特殊句式之倒装一、there/here句型的倒装以there/here引起的陈述句，系动词或实义动词置于主语之前，但主语为代词时不能倒装Eg：There is no room left for even one more of you,not to mention ten boys.There goes the bell announcing the end of the class.There came an old man,with a walking stick.Here comes the bus.Here you are.二、so、neither、nor表示也（不）时的倒装so、neither、nor作也（不）讲时，表示前面所陈述的事实也适合于另一个主语，或一个主语也具备另一种情况，这类句子也用倒装语序Eg：He has made up his mind to continue with his studies,and so have I.He doesn’t like living in the city,neither/nor does his wife.I don’t know his name,nor do I want to.三、省略虚拟条件中的if引起的倒装在含有were、had、should等的虚拟条件句中，省略if时，常用倒装Eg：Were I in his position,I wouldn’t do it that way.Had you been more careful,such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meet.四、may表示祝愿时常置于主语前Eg：May all of you succeed in the coming examinations!May you have a pleasant journey to Europe.五、强调句子成分的倒装1、否定词位于句首含有否定词或半否定意义的词或短语not、little、hardly、never、at no time，by no means,under no condition,in no case,nowhere,seldom,few等置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装Eg:Not a single book have I read this week.Little did he realize that we were watching his every move,so he seemed to be going his own way in the business.Never have I seen such a splendid building.Seldom had I seen such a big snake before I came to this island. 注意：上面的否定词或短语的否定范围包括整个句子时，才引起倒装；如果仅起局部否定的作用（如只对主语进行否定等），则句子不用倒装Eg：Not everyone can do things perfectly.2、not until句式中的倒装Not until位于句首时，句子用部分倒装；not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句用部分倒装Not until I came home last night did Mom go to bed.Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.3、no sooner ....than等句式中的倒装no sooner....than,hardly....when,not only....but also,等句式中的no sooner，hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装；not only 位于句首时，第一分句用部分倒装Eg：Hardly had I picked up the phone when he hung up.Not only did the prices increase,but their wages were raised as well.4、以only引起的副词，介词短语，状语从句置于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装Eg：Only by working hard can we succeed.Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.5、so/such...that..结构中的so...位于句首时，主句一般用部分倒装；such...位于句首时有事也用部分倒装So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.So quickly did the workman finish their work that they were given extra money.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.6、方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，常用部分倒装Eg:Many a time has he offered me good advice on how to make use of the Internet.Long did we wait before we heard from him.Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.这种倒装形式也可见于定语从句中：eg：The hens lay eggs,out of which come other chickens.The bus was already crowded,in the front of which were sitting quite a few children.六、表示方向、地点、时间等的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装这类词常见的有；in，out,down，up,off,back,away,over there,there,now,then,first等Eg:Then out rushed a pack of dogs.In came a girl,wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails. Down come all of you.Now comes your turnThere goes the bell for break.七、表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语是，一般要倒装Eg：Through the window came out the sweet music.After the head walked a group of workers.八、有时为了保持句子的结构平衡而调整主语和谓语的位置形成倒装，特别是主语带有较长的修饰语时，更需要倒装Eg：Ahead sat the old man who told us the stories about the Long March.长征Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.。
15 特殊句式(倒装、省略、强调)
2) Should I earn money, I should live better.
3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情况也适合于另一人 或物时。(部分倒装)
1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
并列句中的省略
1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。 My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词
语便出现在下文。
省 略 ellipsis
省 略
定义 为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在 句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称 为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构， 不产生歧异，能省略的就应省略。
简单句中的省略
1.省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (It) Doesn’t matter. 2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
—Yes, I’d like to (go there).
注意：在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like,
hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect，但当want 和like
用于从句中时，to常常省略。
高中语文特殊句式练习各类倒装句省略句
高中语文特殊句式练习各类倒装句省略句1.各类倒装句1．主谓倒装如：贤哉，回也。
(《〈论语〉十二章》)2．宾语前置①否定句中，代词作宾语如：忌不自信。
(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)②疑问句中，疑问代词作宾语如：大王来何操？(《鸿门宴》)③用“之”“是”作宾语提前的标志如：夫晋，何厌之有？(《烛之武退秦师》)唯才是举，吾得而用之。
(《求贤令》)3．定语后置①中心词＋之＋后置定语如：蚓无爪牙之利。
(《劝学》)②中心词＋之＋后置定语＋者如：马之千里者。
(《马说》)③中心词＋后置定语＋者如：求人可使报秦者。
(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)④中心词＋而＋后置定语＋者如：缙绅而能不易其志者。
(《五人墓碑记》)⑤中心词＋数量词如：沛公兵十万，在霸上。
(《鸿门宴》)4．状语后置①动词＋以＋状语如：申之以孝悌之义。
(《寡人之于国也》)②动词＋于＋状语如：月出于东山之上。
(《赤壁赋》)③形容词＋于＋状语如：青于蓝。
(《劝学》)练习翻译下面的倒装句。
(1)甚矣，汝之不惠。
译文：你太不聪明了。
(2)①然而不王者，未之有也。
译文：这样还不能建立王业的，从来没有过这样的事。
②夫晋，何厌之有？译文：晋国，有什么能让他满足的呢？③君何以知燕王？译文：您凭什么知道燕王(会收留你)?(3)①居庙堂之高则忧其民。
译文：在高高的朝廷上做官时，就为百姓担忧。
②高余冠之岌岌兮，长余佩之陆离。
译文：加高我高高的帽子，加长我长长的佩带。
③客有吹洞箫者。
译文：有会吹洞箫的客人。
④纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。
译文：任凭小船儿在茫无边际的江上飘荡，越过苍茫万顷的江面。
⑤楚人有涉江者。
译文：有个渡江的楚国人。
(4)①后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。
译文：后世的读者，也将对这次集会的诗文有所感慨。
②管弦呕哑，多于市人之言语。
译文：弦的声音嘈杂，比市民的言语还多。
③去以六月息者也。
译文：凭借六月的大风离开北海。
2.省略句文言文语句中根据习惯，省略某词或某种成分的句子叫省略句。
有承前省略、蒙后省略、承宾省略、对话省略以及概括性省略等。
英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句
英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句★特殊句式★倒装(1)一、倒装倒装句可分下列三种：(1) 动词 + 主词(2) 助动词(do, does, did) + 主词 + 原形动词 (一般疑问句的句型)(3) 助动词(will, can, should) + 主词 + 原形动词(1) 否定字放句首否定字 + +++原形动词主词助动词主词动词be be 动词才能拿到主词前面，一般动词要在主词前面加助动词。
否定字就是从中文解释去判断其是否有否定的意思，Never 绝不，hardly 几乎不。
1.He is never late for school. => Never is he late for school.本句的late 是形容词，它跟在表示状态的be 动词后面。
否定字在句首的时候，后面要接倒装句。
He never goes to school late. => Never does he go to school late.本句的late 是否次，它修饰一般动词goes 。
翻译：他上学从不迟到。
late 形容词和副词都是一样的写法，所以说上学不迟到有以上两种说法。
倒装句中，一般动词不能放在主词前面，主词前面只能用助动词且动词要变成原形。
2.He rarely tells a joke. => Rarely does he tell a joke.翻译：他很少说笑话。
rarely 是个否定的频率副词，表“很少的”。
3.I have never seen such beautiful scenery.=> Never have I seen such beautiful scenery.翻译：我从来没有看到过如此美丽的景象。
have 在这里就是一个助动词，景象不可数不能在其前面加不定冠词a 或定冠词the 。
4.I had hardly sat in the chair when someone knocked at the door.hardly~when~ = scarcely~before~，表示“几乎不…”翻译：我一刚要坐着椅子上就有人来敲门了。
特殊句式之倒装
特殊句式之倒装英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语+其他成分”，即主语在前，谓语在后。
但有时出于语法和修辞的需要，我们会将句子的整个谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前面构成倒装结构。
其中将主语谓语完全颠倒的叫做完全倒装；只将助动词移到主语前面的，叫做部分倒装。
一、部分倒装由于语法和修辞的原因将助动词（包括系动词、情态动词）提到主语的前面，称之为分倒装。
具体情况分为以下几种：I.一般疑问句中将谓语置于主语前面，构成语法倒装；以疑问词为宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句，需要将疑问词置于句首，将助动词（包括系动词、情态动词）置于主语前，构成部分倒装。
1.Where have you been these days?2.Have you heard from Jane lately?3.Do you lie reading Pride and Prejudice?*在特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，则无须倒装。
1.Who let out the secret?2.What colour is the carpet?II.Only修饰状语时的部分倒装“Only+状语/状语从句”结构位于句首时，句子的主语或主句中主语和谓语要部分倒装。
1.Only in this way can you solve the problem.(You can solve the problem only in this way.)2.Only in your own heart can you find the true peace.（You can find the true peace only in your own heart.）3.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(He realized he had made a big mistake only after he had spoken out the word.)III表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时要部分倒装。
高中英语语法：特殊句式
高中英语语法：特殊句式最常见到的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。
1 全部倒装1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。
例如：(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。
例如：Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。
例如：(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。
例如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。
表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
例如：(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.2 部分倒装1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意：①在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
英语：特殊句式-倒装句
e.g. ① Never have I seen such a performance. ② Little does he realize the danger he is in. ③ Not only will help be given to the people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for the people who need it. 不但会帮助人们找工作，还会为那些需要的人提供医疗。 注：1. Hardly (Scarcely)…when, no sooner… than, not only…but also等引导两个分句时， 前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。 e.g. Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. 2.neither…nor引导两个分句时，两个分句都要倒装。 e.g. Neither do I know it, nor does she. 3.not until …放在句首，如果until后面跟的是一个从句， 从句不要用倒装，主句要用部分倒装。 e.g. Not until his father came back did he begin to to do his homework.
3. 特殊倒装结构（详见后）
三、倒装结构的用法及注意点 1、完全倒装（将主语和谓语完全交换位置）
（1）一般疑问句句型（主系表结构） e.g. Is Mary a teacher? (2) 特殊疑问句句型（主系表结构) e.g. Who is that man ? (3) There be 句型（除be之外，能与there 连用的动词还有 seem, exist, happen, appear , live, stand等） e.g. ① There are 50 students in the class. ② There stands a tall tree in front of the house.
特殊句式之倒装句)
【5】数量词做定语多放在中心词后面。格式：
中心语+数量定语
译文：“等到了陈这个地方，有六七百辆车，千多名骑兵， 数万名士兵”
①比至陈，车六七百乘，骑千余，卒数万人。
②一食或尽粟一石（《马说》） 译文：“吃东西有时能吃完一石粮食”
练习评讲
• 1.太子及宾客知其事者皆白衣冠以送之 《战国策•荆何刺秦王》 定语后置句 • 2. 国之孺子之游者（《勾践灭吴》） 定语后置句 吴国出游的年青人 • 3.具告以事。 《鸿门宴》 状语后置句 • 4.四方之士来者。（《勾践灭吴》） 定语后置句 四方前来投奔吴国的士人 • 5. 青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝 《劝学》状语后置句 • 6.美哉,我少年中国。 《少年中国说》 主谓倒装句 • 7.苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯 《出师表》 状语后置句 • 8.荆州之民附操者。（《赤壁之战》）定语后置句 荆州依附曹操的老百姓 • 9.军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名 《木兰辞》定语后置句 • 10.不仁哉！梁惠王也 。 《孟子•尽心下》主谓倒装句
③覆之以掌 （《促织》）
们反复讲述”
译文：“用手掌覆盖（蟋蟀）”
（2）格式：动+于（乎，相当“于”）+宾 ①能谤讥于市朝 （《邹[zou1]忌讽齐王纳谏》）译指文出：我“的能过够错在的集人市”上 ②且立石于其墓之门（《五人墓碑记》）译文：“并且在他们的墓门前建立石碑” ③生乎吾前 （《师说》）译文：“生在我的前面”
为了强调谓语，有时将谓语置于主语之前。这仅仅是因为语言表 达的需要。
①甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）！ （《愚公移山》）译文：“你太不聪明了” ②安在公子能急人之困。（《信陵君窃符救赵》）
译文：“公子能为别人困难而急的地方在哪里呢？”（安：<疑问 代词>表处所，哪里；什么地方）
英语特殊句式语法
英语特殊句式语法英语语法中存在一些特殊的句式结构，它们具有独特的语法规则和用法。
在本文中，我们将介绍一些常见的英语特殊句式，并通过示例来解释它们的用法。
一、倒装句倒装句是英语中常见的特殊句式之一，它采取了主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。
倒装句的用法多种多样，下面是一些常见的情况：1. 完全倒装：当句子以表示地点状态的副词（如here, there, now, then等）开头时，需要完全倒装。
例如：Here comes the bus.There goes my hat.2. 部分倒装：在某些特定的条件下，主语和谓语动词的位置需要部分颠倒。
a. 在用于表示否定的副词或短语（如never, seldom, hardly, not until 等）开头的句子中，需要将助动词或情态动词与主语颠倒。
例如：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.Not until she left did I realize how much I loved her.b. 在以表示条件的状语从句（如if, unless, whether等）开头的句子中，需将助动词和主语颠倒。
例如：If only I had more time, I would travel around the world.Whether it rains or not, we will go camping.二、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中常见的特殊句式之一，用于表示与事实相反、假设或愿望等情况。
以下是虚拟语气的几种常见形式：1. 虚拟条件句：用于表示与事实相反的假设情况，包括类型1、类型2和类型3三种类型。
a. 类型1：表示真实可能发生的假设例如：If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.b. 类型2：表示与事实相反，但在理论上有可能实现的假设例如：If I were you, I would quit that job.c. 类型3：表示与过去事实相反的假设例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.2. 虚拟表达愿望例如：I wish I could play the piano like a professional.3. 虚拟表达建议、命令等例如：The teacher suggested that they should review the material again.三、强调句强调句是一种特殊的句式，它通过强调句子中的某个成分来表达特殊的意义。
初中文言文特殊句式之倒装句
初中文言文特殊句式之倒装句文言文特殊句式之倒装句现代汉语的句子成分的顺序，一般为“主─谓─宾”“定（状）─中心词”，但在文言文中，在一定条件下，句子成分的顺序会发生变化的，这就是古汉语中的所谓倒装句，即指文言文中一些句子成分的顺序出现了前后颠倒的情况。
主要有以下几种倒装形式：一、主谓倒装（谓语前置或主语后说）古汉语中，谓语的位置也和现代汉语中一样，一般放在主语之后，但有时为了强调和突出谓语的意义，在一些疑问句或感叹句中，就把谓语提前到主语前面。
例如：①甚矣，汝之不惠！（汝之不惠甚矣！）②安在公子能急人之困（公子能急人之困在安）③宜乎百姓之谓我爱也（百姓之谓我爱宜乎）④甚矣，乌纱之横，皂隶之俗哉！（乌纱之横，皂隶之俗甚矣！）二、定语后置1、在中心词和后置定语中间加“之”字，再用“者”字结尾，组成“中心词＋之＋定语＋者” 的格式。
例如：①于是集谢庄少年之精技击者而诏之。
（精技击之少年）②五谷者，种之美者也。
(五谷是庄稼中的好种)③马之千里者一食或尽粟一石（千里马）④石之铿然有声者所在皆是也（铿然有声之石）2、在中心词和后置定语中间加“之”字，组成“中心词＋之＋定语”的格式，表示定语后置。
例如：①蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也（蚓无利之爪牙，强之筋骨）②云霞雕色，有喻画工之妙，草木贲华，无待锦匠之奇。
(云霞绘出色彩，已超过巧妙的画师；草木装饰鲜花，不依靠神奇的绣工)③居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。
（居高之庙堂，处远之江湖）3、定语放在中心词后，用“者”字结尾，组成“中心词＋定语＋者”的格式。
例如：①遂率子孙荷担者三夫。
②其故人尝与佣耕者闻之。
［他（陈胜）一些曾经一道给人作雇工耕田的老朋友听到了这个消息］③太子及宾客知其事者皆白衣冠以送之（知其事之太子及宾客）④计未定，求人可使报秦者（求可使报秦之人）⑤村中少年好事者（好事之少年）4、在中心词和后置定语中间加“而”字，再用“者”字结尾，组成“中心词＋而＋定语＋者” 的格式。
高中英语语法：特殊句式 之倒装句
高中英语语法：特殊句式之倒装句一、全部倒装全部倒装就是把句子的谓语动词前置到主语前面构成的倒装句。
★1、表示方向、地点、位置移动或时间的副词，比如in、out、down、off、away、now、then、here、there等置于句首且主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。
◇Here comes the bus. 公交车来了【但当主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。
比如Here she comes.她来了】◇Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
◇Up went the fireworks into the air.嗖的一声,焰火上了天。
★2、表示存在的there be句型，主语在be之后。
除了be外，还可使用lie，live，come，exist，sit,stand，remain等不及物动词。
◇ There are so many things to learn today.今天有很多东西要学。
◇There exists an ancient temple in this town,which attracts many visitors.这个镇上有一个古代庙宇，吸引着许多游客。
3、介词短语放在句首作状语,谓语动词是lie, stand , sit ,exist , stretch , come等或系动词be,主语是名词时。
◇At the foot of the mountain lies a clean stream.山脚下有一条清澈的小溪。
4、代词such放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be。
◇Such is what he wanted.这就是他想要的。
5、为了保持句子平衡，使上下文紧密街接,常将表语和状语放在句首,引起主语和谓语的倒装。
◇Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了6、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等有时可移到句首，来对动作或状态加以强调。
特殊句式之——倒装
特殊句式之——（1）倒装句一、完全倒装：谓语部分完全放在主语之前练习：1.For a moment nothing happened. Then___all shouting together.A.voices had come voicesB. would come voices come2.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___.A.fleeing the thief fleeing the thiefB.the thief was fleeing the thief二、部分倒装只把be动词、助动词、情态动词提到主语前，叫部分倒装。
注意：so+sb/sth.+助动词某人、某物确实如此Eg. Helen likes music，so she does.练习：by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent___ properly in this hospital.A.can be the patients treated the patients be treated C.the patients can be treated can be the patientsonce___ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.it did occur occurred it occur3.——I reminded you not to forget the appointment.——____.A.So you didB. So I do not did you do I三、形式倒装（强调作用）将强调内容提前，主谓不倒装练习：____,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound四、倒装句综合练习题：1.（2014陕西）No sooner___stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo Yan Yan had Mo Yan Yan has2.（2016天津十二区县二联）So buried___ in doing her homework that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.A.was sheB. she was she did3.（2015天津十二区县一联）Only when our project has been approved of by the committee ____to carry it out.A.did we start started we start start4.（2015天津七校四月联考）Not until I had watched the football match between Brazil and Germany_____ to bed last night.A.I went had gone I gone I gone5.（2015天津南开中学高三五测）Little ____ about her own safety, thought she was in great danger herself.A.did Marry care did care does care Mary care6.（2015陕西质检二）It is all your fault. By no means____ left alone at home.A.should a two-year-old beB. a two-year-old should be be a two-year-old a two-year-old should7.（2016江苏苏锡常镇二模）____on mobile phones for storinginformation that people are unable to remember basic things.A.Such is the dependence dependence doesthey are dependent do they depend8.（2015天津红桥区一模）It is known that water is not an endless resource;_____can it be made once more, so we should save and protect it.A.so9.（2016天津高考压轴卷）Into the dark apartment_____,who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday!”A.did David walk did walk walked David10.（2014重庆市重庆一中高三下学期第一次月考，29）— Are the rest of our guests here—Not yet…. Look, there _____!A. come theyB. they cameC. do they comeD. they come11.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，29）______ you eat the correct food ____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Unless; will youB. Only if; you willC. Only if; will youD. Unless; you will12.（河南省中原名校2013届高三上学期期中联考，34）It's too messy in your room. Look, by the bed ____ a pile of dirty clothes.A. are liedB. layC. are lyingD. lies13.(2015天津,3)Only when Lily walked into the office______that she had left the contract at home.realized she realized has realized she realize 14.(2012天津, 6) Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____ the spelling mistake.A. did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed15.（2017和平区高三年级模拟考试）I’m my illness, I would have come and lent you a helping hand.Were it not B. If it were not it not been it has not been16.（2017十二区县高三年级模拟考试）Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents’ love for granted. Seldom____what they should return them when they are old.they think think they they17.(11福建)—It’s nice.Never before ____such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A. I have hadB. I hadC. have I hadD. had I18. (10江西)Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.A. did he beginB. had he begunC. he beganD. he has begun19. (10四川)We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think20. (09重庆)Unsatisfied with the payment, he tookthe job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though。
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she taken that examination 假如她参 1. Had _________________________, 加考试 she could have passed it. it to rain tomorrow 如果明天下雨的 2. Were ____________________ 话, we would put off the match till next Monday. Should it rain tomorrow
Inversion
倒装句
倒装的分类
1. 全部倒装: 主语与谓语动词倒装 结构：谓语动词+ 主语 The rain fell down. Down fell the rain. 2. 部分倒装: 主语 与 助动词(情态动词、 系动词) 倒装 结构：助动词+ 主语+谓语动词 I have never heard such a thing. Never have I heard such a thing.
4.虚拟条件从句中包含有were, had, should，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把 were, had, should放在主语前面。
1. If they had time, they would certainly come and help us.
2. If I were you, I would do the work better.
他父亲也是。 So is his father.
2) You can drive a car. 我也会. 我也去过。
So can I.
So have I. So she has.
3) She has been to Beijing.
※ So +主语+ 助动词.
确实
She has never been to Beijing.
1)In the south of the city lies a big factory. =A big factory lies in the south of the city. 2) From the valley came a frightening sound. =A frightening sound came from the valley. 3) Under the tree stands a little boy. =A little boy stands under the tree.
(3) Not only… but also 他不仅闻到了, 而且看见了. Not only did he smell it, but also he saw it. 不仅所有的鱼死了，空气也被污染了.
Not only did all fish die, but also the air was polluted.
5. 太阳不仅给我们光，也给我们热。
6. 直到他生了重病，他才知道健康的重要。
1. 我从来没有看过这么好看的表演。
Never have I seen such a wonderful performance. 2. 直到他爸爸回来，他才去睡觉。 Not until his father came back，did he go to bed.
Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.
Were I you, I would do the work better
3. If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
1.Jhon opened the door.__________ There stood a girl he hadn’t seen __________________________ before. 那里站着个他以前没看到过的 ________ 女孩. 2.汽车前面躺着一个受伤的人，_______ In front of the car lay an injured man _____________________________ ____, all covered with blood. 3.山顶上有座庙。 On the top of the mountain stands a ________________________. Temple.
1) hardly…when…
刚（一）…就…
e.g. We had hardly sat down when the phone rang.
◆Hardly had we sat down when the phone rang. 2) no sooner…than… 刚（一）…就… e.g. He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. ◆ No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
1.There was not only no electricity, 1.Not only was there but also no water. 2.He willwill never 2.Never he forget his first time to take a plane. 3.Hardly had I got got out out of of the the house house 3.I had hardly when it began to rain.
4. 我一到家天就开始下雨了。 Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain. 5. 我刚做完家务他就回来了。 No sooner had I finished the housework than he came back. 7.直到所有的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到 污染有多严重。 Not until all the fish died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
1.只有你尊重别人，他们才会尊重你。 Only if/when you respect others will they respect you. 2. 只有用这种方法我们才能保护我们的地 球。 Only in this way can we protect our earth. 3. 只有你集中精力在学习上你才能取得进 步。 Only when you concentrate on study can you make great progress.
(4)在not…until句型中.
直到我开始工作，我才知道我已经浪费了那 么多的时间。
→I didn’t realize how much time I had
wasted until I began to work.
→ Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
全部倒装
1.以there, here, out, in, up, down, away, now, then 等表示方位、时间的副词 或者表示地点的介词短语开头的句子。
1. There The bell goes there. 1. goes the bell. 2. Out children rushed the children. 2 The rushed out. 3. comes Helen’shere. car. 3. Here Helen’s car comes 4. Away The boy went 4. went theaway. boy. 5. front garden of the was house a of small 5. In A small in was front the garden. house.
4.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ran the thief 小偷逃走了. _________________
部分倒装
1.含有否定意义的副词或连词，如hardly, never, not, not only, little，seldom 等放 在句首时。
1.Not until he went through real did he realize the love for hardship______________________ Families was of great importance. ____________________________ 他才意识到对家庭的爱是很重要的。 2. Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice her spelling mistakes. ____________________________ 她才注意到她的拼写错误。 3.我从来也没有怀疑过 Never have I doubted _______________that my father would come to my rescue.
8. 旅游不仅能给人们带来快乐，而且能够 增加知识。 Not only can travel bring people pleasure, but also it can help to increase/enrich their knowledge.
2.so, neither, nor引起的句子， 1) Zhou Yang is a journalist.