研究生英语期末考试——简约版翻译、词汇、完形

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研究生期末考试汉译英

研究生期末考试汉译英第一套试题Section B1.他期末得了一个A。

He finished out the semester with an A.2.我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。

I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma.3.尽管有这些困难，他们还是决定把接受教育放在首位。

In spite of these difficulties, they have decided to make education a priority.4.让学生不及格，作为一种常规手段，其优点在今天依然和两代之前一样多。

Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.5.这是一个在过去有效，在今天也会有效的政策。

This is a policy that worked in the past and can work today.第二套试题Section B1.比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是人们幸福的关键。

For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness.2.人们花在因特网上的时间越长，与真人交往的时间就越短。

The more hours people use the Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings.3.电子邮件，我们不能靠它生活但离开它也不行。

E-mail .Can’t live with it, can’t live without it.4.在进步教育的影响下，让学生了解历史事实、数学、地理似乎都不如感觉重要。

研究生英语期末考试(学霸笔记版)

espresso
n. 用蒸汽加压煮出的浓咖啡
inspire
v.激发,启示
探索的魔力会激励我们的年轻人去学习数学、科学以及工程学，并为我们培养出新一代的改革者和开拓者。
foray
v. 冒险的尝试,涉足…,突袭
一回到英国，他就利用媒体的高知名度，作为进入政坛的踏板。
brew
v.酿酒,冲泡
k
v.抗拒,抵抗,美元
All in all
总而言之,头等重要的事
At the rate of
以…速度/比例
未来是这样一件东西，每个人都以每小时六十分钟的速度朝它走去，不管他做什么，也不管他是谁。
Drop out
退出,退学,脱离
The Marathon runners raced ahead in the early stages of the race but he had overplayed his hand and had todrop outexhausted with only three miles to go.
Grid
n.电网
Murky
adj.黑暗的，朦胧的，阴郁的
Murky=gloomy
Innovative
adj.革新的，创新的
Malicious
adj.蓄意的，恶毒的
Malicious=hostile
chimera
n.嵌合体，虚构的怪物
Imminent
adj.即将到来的，迫近的
Imminent=impending
dedicated
adj.专注的,献身的
Dedicated=devoted
encompass
v. 包含,环绕,完成
Encompass=include

贵州大学研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案

贵州大学研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案5.Enlish-speaking South African s of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。

6.Such symbolism suggests (shows) that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

第二课1. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love of the most creative periods of my life.1.苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。

我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。

2. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.2. 因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。

研究生一年级上学期期末考试英语期末考试翻译

上瘾性毒品与犯罪的经济学犯罪率的攀升一个流行解释是毒品的泛滥。

诸如海洛因、可卡因和PCP等上瘾性毒品的使用，从三个方面增加了犯罪。

首先，有些瘾君子需要实施犯罪获取收入。

毒瘾让他们虚弱到无法胜任合法岗位上的工作，抑或合法工作的收人不足以支付吸毒的支出。

其次，和饮酒类似，毒品可能通过降低自我控制能力或使情绪波动加剧，从而人们更容易犯罪。

大约70%的美国大城市中由于抢劫、枪支犯罪和盗窃被捕的罪犯，经检查都发现曾吸食海洛因、可卡因或PCP。

再次，毒品买卖是一项利润丰厚的生意，因而，也值得为之展开保护和争夺。

于是，毒贩子将对其竞争对手实施暴力犯罪。

毒品导致犯罪显著增加，因而降低犯罪的社会成本也应包括减少上瘾性毒品的使用。

我们已经发现，至今超过200万的美国监禁犯人中。

有很高比例都是因为与毒品犯罪有关。

惩罚贩毒当前，美国的政策试图通过截断毒品供给和减少毒品的需求，破解上瘾性毒品使用与犯罪之间的关联。

减少非法毒品供给和使用的一个方法是，提高贩卖和吸食毒品的预期成本。

一些毒品供给商将离开贩毒行业，转而投向风险更低的合法活动中。

与此同时，由于供给控制所导致的高昂市场价格，也让消费者减少毒品的购买。

一些经济学家们辩称，因为事实性前提不正确，所以这个政策不对。

批评者指出，上瘾使得毒品的需求缺乏弹性。

因此，供给控制所导致的非法毒品的市场价格上升，将不会显著减少瘾君子的毒品消费。

相反，这将促使瘾君子增加犯罪数量获取更多收入，以支撑其吸食之恶习。

图12.1描述了这种论断。

这个图分成两个部分，分别代表两种毒品使用者。

左边图表示瘾君子的毒品需求为D，右边图表示未上瘾时的毒品需求为D'。

“未上瘾”的意思是偶尔的毒品吸食者，生理上并未对毒品产生依赖。

图12.1显示了一个成功的阻断毒品、惩罚毒品贩子和吸毒者行动的影响.行动之前，毒品价格为p1，瘾君子和非瘾君子的毒品使用量分别表示为x1和x'1。

对毒品采取行动之后，价格上升到p2。

研究生英语期末考试——简约版：翻译、词汇、完形

1、And medical researchers…。

几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。

2、Contrary to the notion…. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反,腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。

3、It will be decades…。

医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。

医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗.萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。

体形实在不容忽视。

"4、The globe’s… 这个全球最大的在线社交网站拥有逾3.5亿用户，如果把它看成一个国家的话，Facebook…。

的人口仅次于中国和印度.这不是唯一与此行业相关的令人震惊的数据。

5、To skeptics…。

对怀疑论者们而言，所有这些关于社交网站的讨论都预示着另一个互联网泡沫的形成。

他们争论到，即使如Facebook这么大的社交网站也将为赚钱而挣扎，因为变幻无常的网民们不会在一个地方呆很长时间，例子就是MySpace。

MySpace曾经风行一时，而现在只能算是以前的影子。

6、This special…。

这份特别报告将细致地检验这些事情.报告表示，尽管不会每个网站都繁荣，社交网站要比其批评者们认为得要更具生机。

而社交网络技术让欢迎它们的公司受益匪浅，不管这些企业大还是小。

7、As a child…。

. 他回忆起自己孩提时,非常专注地看爷爷做柜子,柜子之精致与简洁,让他惊叹不已。

二战之后，怀着完善自我的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但同时他仍传承了家族传统，学了一年木匠。

8、For the first time…。

. 在电子产品领域，既有精湛技术又有卓越设计的公司,这还是头一家。

设计成了品牌。

它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。

研究生英语期末考试翻译总结

研究生英语期末考试翻译总结第一篇：研究生英语期末考试翻译总结以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。

You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。

I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.读书的问题嘛，我愿说几句。

I would like to say a few words about reading.这几天心理颇不宁静。

I have felt quite upset recently.至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。

As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我们的城市在过去的十年里经历了翻天覆地的变化。

The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。

It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。

It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一个主意。

An idea suddenly struck me.我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。

An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干预政治。

研究生期末考试英译汉

研究生期末考试英译汉第一套试题Section A1.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。

2.They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。

3.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had inschool.每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。

4.That is to reveal the trump card of failure.这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。

5.I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right.我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。

第二套试题Section A1.Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.人们的身心健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。

2.Any time when you have something that is difficult to say ,e-mail can make it easier.每当你有什么难以开口的事要说，写个电子邮件会使之变得简单的多。

3.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几十万的十八岁青年毕业，他们将被授予毫无意义的文凭。

研究生期末考试英语单词

UNIT1adversity 逆境，不幸，厄运aftermath 后果，余殃，余波alleyway 小巷，胡同altruism 利他主义，无私anodyne 不冒犯他人的，四平八稳的aspire 追求，渴望，有志于bliss 快乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福bona fide 真正的，真实的，真诚的bromide 没有效果的话dazed 茫然的，迷乱的，恍惚的encompass 覆盖，围住excruciating 剧烈疼痛的gratifying 令人高兴的，使人满足的hallucinate 产生幻觉harrowing 折磨人的，可怕的，令人痛苦的ineffable 好得不可言喻legacy 遗留下来的状况mind-blowing 令人极度兴奋的neurological 神经的nostalgia 怀旧情绪ordeal 可怕的经历，痛苦的折磨paramount 至高无上的，最重要的province 范围，领域，职责范围preoccupied 全神贯注的，入神的refrain 一再重复的话rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎shrivel 皱缩，干枯，干瘪steroid 类固醇tranquil 平静的，宁静的，安谧的trauma 痛苦的经历traumatic 痛苦难忘的tribulation 苦难，艰苦ultramarathoner 马拉松运动员vomit 呕吐，呕出，吐出wimp 懦弱无用的人on the rocks 困难重重，濒临失败cancel out 抵消come to terms with 妥协，接受for the better 好转in line with 与…一致（符合）in the wake of 紧随…而来，作为…的后果keep…in check 控制某人（物）UNIT3abstruse 深奥的，高深的asylum 精神病院auditorium 听众席，观众席bookish 嗜书的，好读书的cerebral 要运用智力的，诉诸理性的chambermaid 女服务员contrivance 发明物，新装置dagger 匕首，短剑disintegrate 粉碎，崩裂，分崩离析double-decker 双层公共巴士eavesdrop 偷听fetching 动人的，迷人的，吸引人的flummox 使彻底不知所措fretful 烦躁的，发牢骚的gargle 漱口glottal stop 喉塞音hallucinogenic 引起幻觉的，致幻的itinerary 旅行计划，预订旅程law-abiding 守法的，安分守己的lemming 旅鼠lunatic asylum 精神病院，疯人院materialistic 实利主义的，物质主义的unmaterialistic 非物质主义的passionate 情欲强烈的，多情的pickax 鎬，鹰嘴锄pictogram 象形文字porcupine 豪猪，箭猪pore 仔细阅读，凝视，注视quell 减轻，消除（忧虑）relentless 严厉的，无情的，坚决的reverence 尊敬，崇敬rodent 啮齿动物rudimentary 基本的，初步的，粗浅的sleek 平直光滑的，有健康关泽的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛usherette 女引座员，女服务员windmill 风车，风力磨坊get the hang of sth. 学会做或使用let sb. in on sth. 让某人知道并严守out of this world 好的不得了pore over 仔细阅读，凝视，注视work a treat 运行极好word gets around 消息流传UNIT4anecdote 趣闻，轶事auditory 听觉的boon 恩物，有用之物circuitry 电路系统conduit 渠道，通道consortium 财团，联合企业curtail 缩减，消减，减少decoder 解码器disengaged 自由的，未约束的，空闲的duly 适当地，恰当地etch 凿刻fidgety 烦躁的，坐立不安的footnote 脚注godsend 天赐之物，及时雨hyperlink 超链接ideogram 表意文字，表意符号longish 略长的，相当长的neural 神经的，神经系统的pithy 精辟的remap 重新绘制，重新筹划staccato 断断续续的，不连贯的telltale 暴露真相的terse （回答）简短的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛thread 思路，头绪，贯穿的主线tinker 修理，修补，摆弄voracious 贪吃的，食量大的wayward 倔强的，任性的，反复无常的as likely as not 很可能be/get caught up in sth. 陷入bring on 引起，招来，惹来chip away at 削弱，破坏elaborate on 详细说明，阐述immerse oneself in 潜心于，专心于liken…to…把…比作not to mention 更不必说scuba diver 潜水员sea change 巨变take to 喜欢上…，对…好感zip through/past/along 飞速地做某事UNIT9affective 感情的，情感的anecdotal 轶事的，趣闻的arousal 唤起，激起beset 困扰，使烦恼disinterest 无兴趣fester 加剧，恶化irritant 使人烦躁的事情mentality 心态obituary 讣告，讣闻outpouring 强烈感情的不断流露peripheral 次要的，非主要的populist 平民主义的sermon 布道，讲道syndicate 通过报业联合组织安排出售给多家报刊发表gene pool 基因库seek to 寻求，追求sort out 分类整理，把…弄整齐UNIT10audible 声音听得见的auspicious 很可能成功的，吉利的，吉祥的bulky 庞大的，宽大的circumscribe 约束，限制comport 行动，表现comportment 举止，行为cosmopolitan 见识广的，兼并包容的delineate 描写描绘，刻画demographic 人口数据统计detergent 洗涤剂discretionary 自由决定的，不受严格规定控制的distaste 不喜欢，反感franchise 特许经营权garish 过于艳丽的generality 普遍性，共同性ingrained 根深蒂固的，难以改变的jolly 欢乐的，愉快的miniscule 很小的nuance 细微差别pretest 预先测试self-effacing 避免引人注目的，不爱抛头露面的subtlety 微妙的思想，细微之处supplant 取代，代替，将…排挤掉tadpole 蝌蚪unpalatable 难吃的，不可口的be flooded with充满，使泛滥be subjected to 使经受，使遭受beware of 谨防，当心，注意in advance of 预先，提前pin down 清楚地知道，确定地描述run into 遇到困难/难题/债务等trade in 做买卖，进行贸易，从事交易。

研究生期末考试——完形填空.docx

完形填空Unit 1When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and committed than male managers?Some research supports the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater cooperativeness, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a willingness to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace decisions- These differences are seen to carry advantages for companies, because they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company manage its workforce effectively.A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum discovered a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that differs from the command-and-control style traditionally used by male managers. Using this "interactive leadership^ approach, "women encourage participation, share power and information, enhance other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these things reflect their belief that allowing employees to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation一good for the employees and the organization.^ The study's director predicted that "interactive leadership may emerge as the management style of choice for many organizations^.Unit 3A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide, the division of the world into the info rich and the info poo匚And that divide does exist today・ My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow・As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access一after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their out-dated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure一including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on 一were built with foreign investment.Unit 4The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested・Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question is a particular people originated from central Europe・ The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12〜15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the west, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm・ They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cance匚These facts, however, are previously been thought unrelated・ The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligenee and diseases are intimately linked< His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.Unit 9Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a board flexible tmining program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans for ben efit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to job・ Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, disregarding both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements・ The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar^ job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take risks for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.。

研究生研一英语期末考试中翻英汇总

汉译英unit11、当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。

（estabish oneself）Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2、一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。

所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。

（transcend）A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3、我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要作用。

（reveal ）We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习班是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。

(go unchallenged)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.5.对一个关键问题作结论时，如果只是相信所谓专家的意见而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果、不根据数据、那是冒险。

（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译

（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译1. This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. (Para. 2)这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

2.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力，因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其它年青的优秀人才更出色。

3.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations----and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls. (Para5 更为有利的是，要在你的实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证，让那些会接听调查的电话人们谈及这些品质。

研究生英语期末考试

研究生英语期末考试English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans do theopposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans do theopposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americansuse just one hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the mealwhile Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of socialdevelopment and ecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable T ourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to pe ople’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it. B. preconception n. 先入之见；偏见；预想22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole. D. retard vt. 妨碍；延迟；使减速；阻止vi. 减慢；受到阻滞n. 延迟；阻止23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.C. bid up v. 抬价 D. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalue vt. 低估...之价值；看轻25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.B. perverse堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.tenure占有；任期vt. 授予…终身职位27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security. . earmarked 在耳朵上做记号；标记n. 特征；耳上记号28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offset 抵消29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.C. standoffish . 冷淡的，不友好的30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “T om” or “B ill”.B. pester 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.D. permeated充满32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everyt hing from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblings 兄弟姐妹；同科33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.D. alleviation (苦痛的)减轻，缓和，缓解；减少；解痛药；缓和剂；缓解措施34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulge 泄露；暴露35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .B. afforestation n. 造林36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!D. inscrutable不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的；神秘的37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.C. inadvertently非故意地；不注意地38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroaches 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.C. infrastructure 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.B. vestige遗迹；残余；退化的器官41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese incl udes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.C. connotation 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西42. When people can’t explain a new phenome non using their knowledge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.D. analogy类似；类推；类比43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.C. steer 驾驶；控制，引导There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cement 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合44._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.B. Tenacity 固执；韧性；不屈不挠；黏性III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction to the concept of thinking aboutthe possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces in their own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopicsocial change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF hasalways had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and thattwentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future will not be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be thatas it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way h esays it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainlya strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily andloosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance ina specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with his father one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you willbe. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any e ffort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

研究生期末考试-英语翻译

through the ages.1. 他家收藏了许多历代的名人字画。

His family has collected many famous paintings through the ages.3.他的英名将流传千古！他的事业将永垂不朽！His name will endure through the ages, and so also will his work!have a hard time1. 我背单词都背怕了I have a hard time for memorizing words. 。

2. 跟她作对，他不会有好日子过的。

He would have a hard time contradicting her.3. 是啊。

我确实很难相信她已经60岁了。

Yeah, I really have a hard time believing she is already 60.Keep an eye out for1. 请密切注意学校设计的现代趋势Keep an eye out for modern trends in school designs.3. 我想搬家，请留心有没有公寓出租，好吗？I want to move. Keep an eye out for an apartment, will you?live off1. 我不知道她怎么能以画画为生I don't know how she manages to live off her painting.2. 他不工作, 靠朋友的接济过活He doesn't work; he just lives off his friends.。

in no position to1. You are in no position to preach to me about efficiency!你没有资格对我大谈什麽效率问题！2. If we do not know the facts, we are in no position to handle such matter.不了解情况，就无从解决这类问题Lie in1. 你的问题在于缺少有效的方法Your problem lies in lacking efficient methods.left out1. 他把讲话中的那部分删去了He left that part of the speech out.2. 她的账目漏掉了一个重要的项目She left out an important item in her account.let alone1. 我们连自行车也买不起, 更不用说汽车了We can't afford a bicycle, let alone a car.2. 他是世界上最好的射击手, 更不用说在英国了He's the best shot in the world, let alone in England.saved sb from1. 消防队员从火中救出了那些老人The firemen saved the old people from the fire.2. 谁都知道他们无法摆脱在那里失败的命运Everybody knew they could not save themselves from defeat there.3. 这可使学生不至于把时间浪费在做练习上It will save the student from wasting his time in exercises.in the vanguard of1. 他们是技术发展的先导They are in the vanguard of technological advance.all but the most除最普通的服装外，我父亲都看不顺眼My father frowns on all but the most conventional of dress.2. 建筑除去了房屋所有不必要的东西，只保留了最必须的部分，进而降低了成本The builders have reduced the cost by pruning the house of all but the most necessary things.go it alone1. 他决定单干创业He decide to go it alone and start his own business.2. 如果我家人拒绝帮忙，我将单独干I’ll go it alone if my family refuse to help.on the decline1. 我们镇对体育运动的兴趣在下降Interest in sports in our town is on the decline.2. 她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世She is on the decline, and may die soon.food for thought1. 这部电影里有很多值得思考的东西There is much food for thought in the film.2. 但是，这恰恰是一个极好的启示But this serves as an excellent food for thought.3. 这还不可以深长思之吗？Does it not give food for prolonged and deep thought?get rid of1. 必须清除官僚习气。

研究生公共英语期末考试重点句翻译

2013级研究生公共英语第二学期期末考试——重点句（含释义）Unit 11On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面来看，这些用途是个人而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。

2This filtering of the subject, man, through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty, of uniqueness, of astonishing unpredictability.通过精神这一媒介，这种对于主题即人类的过滤过程产生这样的效果：让新鲜、独特、根本无法预料的成分总是处于最显著的位置。

3Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time wh en perhaps the converse should be true? 在一个需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，会不会因为过分强调技术的重要性而忽视了人文学科的重要性？4This reality points to indispensable function of the humanities.这一现实指明了学术人文学科（的真正作用和）不可或缺的功能，（它们是我们巨大的文明遗产的组织者）Unit 34.The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic appeals to our passion, but that we have become so groggy, so passive, so helpless amidst the endless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business,” as we say. 我们自己的广告版面设计是如此滑稽 , 假如我们用心留意它们 , 我们很快就忍俊不禁。

04研究生期末统考英译汉

研究生期末统考英译汉真题举例1. The number of people vulnerable to floods around the world is expected to rise toat least two billion by 2050, particularly in Asia, due to climate change and population growth. The causes are extreme weather that develops as the climate changes, rising sea levels, continuing deforestation and a rise of the number of people working in flood-prone areas as the population increases. Most at risk is Asia, where more than 400 million people have been exposed to floods each year on average over the last two decades. Floods already kill as many as 25,000 people a year and –along with other weather-related disasters—cost the world economy up to &60 billion a year, much of it in developing nations ill-equipped to cope with such huge costs. Most urgently needed to adapt to the growing risk of flood disasters is greater global capacity to monitor and forecast extreme events.Armed with better information, superior early warning systems and infrastructure can be installed and new planning strategies devised. (168 words)2. The book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. Itis based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone.Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.(GET Jun 05, 122 words)3. Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than that of individual choice, forsmoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. (GET Jan 05, 122 words)4. As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry andelaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children tonative speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won’t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question. (GET Jun 04, 123 words)。

研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案

(仅供参考) 第一课1.For English is a killer . It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and and Manx. Manx. Manx. There There There are are are still still still parts parts parts of of of these these these islands islands islands where where where sizeable sizeable sizeable communities communities speak speak languages languages languages that that that were were were there there there before before before English. English. English. Y Y et et English English English is is is everywhere everywhere everywhere in in everyday everyday use and use and understood understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 1. 因为英语是个杀手。

齐大研究生13级英语期末考试词组及翻译

词组Unit 11. （因工作）累死work to death2. 休息on one’s day off3. 坐上头把交椅move to the top spot4. 业余爱好extracurricular interests5. 与…竞争compete with6. 打零工do odd jobs7. 抓住不放grab at8. 彻夜不眠stay up night9. 正视…look … in the eye10. 整顿；处理straighten out11. 优先认股权stock option12. 诸如此类and all that13. 辨别出pick out14. 四处打听ask aroundUnit 21. 设身处地put oneself in sb’s shoes2. 不合脚的鞋ill-fitting shoes3. 变质的牛奶sour milk4. 腐坏的食物spoiling food5. 慢性贫血chronic anemia6. 矫治手术corrective operation7. 开裂的手cracked hands8. 继续受苦suffer on9. 葬身火海die in flames10. 挂着鼻涕的孩子children with runny noses11. 倒苦水spilling the shame12. 辍学quit school13. 考勤官attendance officer14. 断断续续off and on15. 失业保险unemployment insurance16. 避孕措施birth control17. 针线needles and thread18. 黑暗的未来black future19. 沉迷于酒精和毒品turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs20. 难以自拔find oneself enslaved21. 充其量at best22. 营养不良suffer from malnutrition23. 卫生所health clinic24. 毁掉最后一点尊严eat away the last bit of prideUnit 31. 顽固不化的罪人hardened sinners2. 激增increase by leaps and bounds3. 面容黝黑jet-black faces4. 双手粗糙work-gnarled hands5. 在祈祷声和歌唱声中摇晃rock with prayer and song6. 歌声萦绕着我songs swirl all around me7. 一阵有力的哀号 a mighty wail of moans and voices8. 耽搁hold up9. 咧着嘴冲我笑grin down at me10. 致他于死地strike him dead11. 对……不敬take one’s name in vain12. 避免更多的麻烦save further trouble13. 爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声break into a sea of shouting14. 喜悦的狂潮waves of rejoicing15. 互相提醒不要出声in a hushed silence16. 得到了上帝的赐福be blessed in the name of GodUnit 41. 过一会儿才笑laugh a delayed laugh2. 兴奋异常be so wired3. 消耗掉过剩的精力shake out one’s nerves4. 批改作业grade papers5. 在沙发上小睡nap on the couch6. 短短两三个星期的恋爱a brief two- or three-week courtship7. 一排破旧的公寓 a row of broken apartment buildings8. 穷学生college poor9. 口袋里漂亮的成绩单good report cards in our pockets10. 拎着…像灯笼一样晃着swing … like a lantern11. 起落的节奏the rhythm of rising and falling12. 从二楼窗户往外看peek from our two-story window13. 盆栽的植物potted plants14. 冲到楼下race downstairs15. 躲在树篱后stay behind the hedge16. 一直走到make one’s way to17. 为自己犹豫不决而生气be troubled by one’s indecision18. 一罐混浊的水 a jar of cloudy water19. 偶尔朝窗外张望occasionally look out the window20. 向…吹嘘…brag about sth. to sb.21. 平淡像白云white as clouds22. 逛二手店browse at a thrift shop23. 漫无目的地转弯turn corners aimlessly24. 偶然的会面 a chance meetingUnit 51. 最早的记忆first memories2. 俯身bend down3. 举到空中sweep sb. into the air4. 仰着的脸upturned face5. 蓬乱的一堆头发 a shock of hair6. 并排side by side7. 躲在厨房门后lurk behind the kitchen door8. 屏住呼吸hold one’s breath9. 心照不宣的微笑the conspiratorial smile10. 忍住眼泪hold back tears11. 单臂扼颈 a half nelson12. （做某事）没有意义there is no point in (doing sth.)13. 直视某人的眼睛look sb. straight in the eyes14. 温和地看了一眼throw a mild glance15. 自讨苦吃ask for it16. 寻找时机seek an advantage17. 困惑的眼神 a look of bewilderment18. 压住某人使不能行动pin sb. down19. 不屈地咧嘴笑grin gamely20. 隐隐的痛楚baffled pain21. 刺痛眼睛burn one’s eyes翻译Unit 1他死了,是累死的.他在星期天凌晨3点整离开人世,在一个他本该休息的日子里.对此,他的朋友和熟人并不怎么吃惊.在他们看来,他是典型的A型行为者,一个工作狂,一个典型的工作狂.菲尔每周工作6天,其中5天工作到晚上八九点,而公司上下除了主管经理外已经实行每周4天工作制了.他一个月打一次高尔夫,但这是工作需要,除此之外,他没有什么＂业余爱好＂．他的＂遗属＂包括妻子海伦和３个孩子．４８岁的海伦多年前就决定不再和他的工作争宠．他＂深爱的＂子女中，长子不了解他，女儿跟他没什么共同语言．只有２０岁的小儿子想方设法把父亲抓住不放，想方设法让父亲看重自己，好让这个人待在家里．葬礼上，６０岁的公司总裁说，５１岁的死者对于公司来说举足轻重，将会难以取代．而当天下午５点，总裁已经开始询问接替他的人选．He died. He worked himself to death, precisely at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning, on his day off.His friends and acquaintances were not really surprised. To them, he was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic.Phil worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during atime when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives. He played a golf game every month but it was work. Other than this, he had no outside "extracurricular interests."His survivors included his wife Helen and three children. Helen, forty-eight years old, had given up trying to compete with his work years ago. Among his "beloved" children, the eldest son didn't know him well, and the daughter had no shared topics with him. Only the youngest son who was twenty, tried to grab at his father and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president said that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace. And by 5:00 p.m. The afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun to make inquiries about the replacement.Unit 2贫穷是什么?看看一位有三个孩子的单亲妈妈的生活,你就会明白了.她结过婚,但后来丈夫失业了,生活越来越拮据.生下最后一个孩子后,她的婚姻走到了尽头.为了孩子们不再受苦,她鼓起勇气去申请救助.她得到每月78美元,一家四口就靠这笔钱生活.除了房租以外,剩下的钱几乎都要用来买食物.冰箱坏了没钱修,牛奶变酸了;没钱用热水,冬天也只能用冰冷的水洗东西.她因营养不良而患有慢性贫血,还有严重的肠虫病,需要做矫正手术,却没钱买补铁药、没钱改善饮食、没钱买肠虫药,更不用说动手术了.没钱请保姆,没钱买纸巾,只能看着自己的孩子总是挂着鼻涕.尽可能用最少量的电.寒冷的晚上整夜不合眼,因为她得看着火,生怕一个火星弹到墙上糊的报纸上,熟睡的孩子就要葬身火海.她看不到光明的未来.儿子们迟早会走进囚笼,或沉迷于酒精和毒品无法自拔.而等待女儿的,充其量也只是像母亲这样的生活.的确,贫穷是滴在自尊上的酸液,一滴一滴地滴穿自尊.贫穷是削在尊严上的凿子,一点一点地凿去尊严.What is poverty? Read the story of a single mother of three, and you'll understand what it means.She was married once, but later her husband lost his job and life became increasingly difficult. After giving birth to the last baby, her marriage came to an end.In order to save her children from suffering, she summoned up her courage and went to ask for help.She got seventy-eight dollars a month for the four of them. After the rent, most of the rest went for food.There was no money left to get the refrigerator fixed and the milk went sour; no money for hot water, and even in winter she had to do washing in icy cold water. She had chronic anemia caused from poor diet, a bad case of worms, and needed a corrective operation, but there was no money for iron pills, or better food, or worm medicine, to say nothing of having an operation. She had no money for grannies; no money for paper handkerchiefs and her children were seen with runny noses all the time, she tried her best to use only the minimum electricity. She stayed up all nighton cold night, because she had to watch the fire, for fear that one spark on the newspaper covering the walls would cause a fire and the sleeping children would die in flames.She saw no bright future. Sooner or later, the boys would end up behind the bars of their prison or turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs and find themselves enslaved. And what awaited the daughter was, at best, a life like that of the mother.Indeed, poverty is an acid that drips on pride until all pride is worn away. Poverty is a chisel that chips on honor until honor is worn away.Unit 3休斯快满13岁时,姑妈带着他去教堂参加一场福音布道会,希望他的灵魂能够得到耶稣的拯救.姑妈告诉他,当他的灵魂被拯救时,他会看到一道光,内心会发生变化!还说他的灵魂会看到、听到、感受到耶稣.小休斯相信了这些话的字面意思,于是坐在燥热而拥挤的教堂里静静等待着耶稣的到来.听完牧师的布道,孩子们一个接着一个奔向圣台,这就意味他们被拯救了.休斯却一直坐在那里一动不动.他仍旧在等待耶稣的到来,还在渴望身上有什么事发生.所有的人都在为他一个人祈祷.休斯感到压力越来越大,开始为耽搁这么久而感到惭愧了.为了避免更多的麻烦,休斯决定撒谎,说耶稣来了.他站了起来,终于得到拯救.那天晚上,休斯躺在床上痛苦不止.他为当众撒谎而感到内疚,他不再相信耶稣了.When Hughes was going on thirteen, his aunt took him to the church for a revival meeting, hoping that his soul would be saved by Jesus Christ. His aunt told him that when he was saved, he would see a light, and something would happen to him inside. She also said he could see and hear and feel Jesus in his soul. Young Hughes believed in the literal meaning of these words. He sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to him.After the sermon by the preacher, all the children went to the altar one after another. This meant that they were saved. But Hughes kept sitting there. He was still waiting for Jesus to come, wanting something to happen to him. Now the whole congregation was praying for him alone. The pressure on him was increasing and he began to feel ashamed of himself, holding everything up so long. In order to save further trouble, Hughes decided to lie and say that Jesus had come. So he got up and was saved finally. That night, lying in bed, Hughes cried in agony. He felt guilty because he had lied in public and he didn't believe in Jesus any more.Unit 4人生际遇真的很奇妙.有时,一次偶遇就能成就一桩幸福的婚姻.20岁的他是个穷大学生,有天出去买啤酒,回来的路上看到邻家的日本女孩在门廊上用锤子敲胡桃.他走得很慢,她抬头向他微笑.他也微笑说声你好,然后拎着啤酒回到住处,却把自己的心留在了女孩身边.于是,他又冲下楼去,却在快到女孩房前时突然停住了,因为不知道该说什么.等了一会儿,他装作随意地经过正在清扫胡桃壳的女孩身边,只真诚的地说声你好就走开了,心里却懊恼自己的犹豫不决.然后,又走回来,再次经过她身边,彼此微笑,他又什么也没说就回到自己的住处.后来,他们开始聊天,一起坐在门廊上吃她亲手烤的甜面包.再后来,他们牵手了.最后,他和某天下午看见在敲胡桃的这个女人结婚了.如果那天他没有去买啤酒,如果那天下午碰见的不是她,而是另外一个人,他的人生就会完全不同.Life is full of miracles. Sometimes, a chance meeting can lead to a happy marriage. When he was twenty, he was college poor. One day, he went to buy some beer and on his way back he saw his neighbor, a Japanese woman, cracking walnuts on her front porch. He walked slowly and she looked up, smiling. He smiled back and said hello, and returned with the beer to his apartment, his heart still with the girl.So he raced his heart downstairs, but stopped short of her house, because he didn't know what to say. After a while, with studied casualness he walked past the girl who was cleaning up the shells, but he only came up with a hearty hello and walked away. He was troubled by his own decision. The he returned, walking past her again. They smiled to each other, but again nothing was said before he returned to his apartment. Later, they began to talk, sit together on the porch, and snack on the sweet bread she baked personally. Then they held hands. Eventually, he married the woman he found cracking walnuts on an afternoon.Had he not gone for the beer, or had he met someone else instead of her, his life would have been totally different.Unit 5他小的时候,父亲会服下伟岸的身体把他举到空中,但他从不会害怕,有父亲的手握着他就不会害怕.在他的心目中,父亲是世界上最强壮、最睿智的人.长大些,他会在父亲下班进屋前躲在厨房门后,在父亲问起他时突然跳出来.上学后,他们会一起在地板上摔跤,每次父亲都能轻松地把他制服,对此他心里半是忿恨半是开心.上高中时,他惊奇地发现自己的本事更大了,可以俯视母亲了,不过摔跤时仍然不是父亲的对手.有一天晚上,他突然发现,父亲看起来不像以前那么高大了.现在他甚至可以直视父亲的眼睛了.他再次向父亲发出挑战.这次,认输的是父亲.母亲把父亲扶起来,她眼里有隐隐的痛楚.父亲说下次,母亲没有反对,因为三个人都知道,不会再有下一次了.他冲过厨房的那道门,站在台阶上,任泪水刺痛双眼,滑过脸颊.When he was little, his father would bend down from his great height to sweep him into the air. But he was never afraid, not with his father's hands holding him. To him, no one in the world was as strong, or as wise, as his father.As he grew, he would lurk behind the kitchen door when it was time for his father to come home at night. He would leap out when his father asked about him.After he went to school, they would wrestle on the floor together. Every time, his father would master him with ease, leaving him half resentful and half mirthful.In high school he was surprised to find that there was so much more of him, and he could look down on his mother. But when it came to wrestling, he was still no equal of his father.One night, he suddenly found that his father didn't look nearly as tall as he used to. He could even look his father straight in the eyes now. He challenged his father once more and this time, it was his father who said,"I give." His mother helped his fatherto rise, and there was baffled pain in her eyes.His father spoke of a next time, and his mother did not contradict, because the three of them knew that there would never be a next time. He ran through the kitchen door, stood on the steps and let tears burn his eyes and run down his cheeks.。

研究生英语期末考试——词汇

词汇Unit 2Somber 阴沉的inaugural 就职的invest 耗费interrogation 审问confluence 汇合run up 积欠shrewd 机灵的exhortation 劝告outlast 比……持久plummet 暴跌aspiration 志向recrimination 相互指责In addition to：on top of除了, undismayed: undaunted勇敢的, endanger: imperil 危及, resentment: grievance 不满，怨恨，kill: strangle 把……勒死，faultfinder: cynic 愤世嫉俗者ragged: worn-out穿旧的，authorization: mandate 授权，avoid: shrink from 逃避，disturbance: tumult 骚乱。

Unit 3Torrid晒热的，热情的, tipsy喝醉的，歪曲的, teetering摇晃的, infiltrate使渗入, sponsor保证人，赞助人,be strewn with布满了, hold court with开庭, scruffiness不整洁, throng人群. Flirt 调情, proactive前摄的To let out the news: get the word out透露消息, sole: exclusive排外的, be filled with: be replete with充满了, attractive: glamorous迷人的, endure: withstand禁得起，抵抗, lean: recline依赖, free: complimentary赠送的, atmosphere: vibe氛围, entertaining: holding court with享受sit: perch栖息Unit 4Rejuvenate:使年轻revere：敬畏的splutter：猛烈地supersede：取代transfix：刺穿的fruity：果味的glossy：光滑的luscious：甘美的lust：欲望revolve around：围绕be fired up：激动，被激励hover悬停Take the place of：supersede 取代，代替，delicious：luscious美味的，lingered：hover 犹豫不决，彷徨accidentally：inadvertently偶然的worshiped：revere尊敬shiny：glossy 有光泽的renew：rejuvenate使年轻greed：lust贪婪，欲望involved：intricacy错综复杂as a sideline：on the side作为副业Unit 5Gospel福音，christen命名为，ignite 激光，counter反对，hallucinate是产生幻觉resourceful资源丰富的，molest调戏，searing灼热的，backlash激烈反对extravagance 奢侈，浪费Has been increased：has crept up迅速增加, connected：is hooked up接通, been fully preoccupied: been obsessed with痴迷, flying around: hovering over在……盘旋, do great damage to your physical health: do harm to the body伤害身体, highly commented: raved about激愤地说, enlightenments of discoveries: revelations启示录, raised under natural conditions in farmyard of yards: free-range自由放养的, fought back: rolled back被反转, took the attention of the public from: shifted the attention from转移关注Unit 6Permanent：永久的，humanity：人类，demonstrate：证明，presidential：总统的，delegate 代表，boast：吹牛，prosper：成功、繁荣，generate：发生，dramatic戏剧的，引人注目的，innovation创新，amass：积聚，积累lie down躺下Focus on: concentrate注意到，aimed at：target瞄准，abundant：copious 丰富的，produce：generate发生，breaks：violate违反substantiate：demonstrate 证明，claimed：reckoned 猜想，establishment：launch 发行，bragged：boast吹牛，luxurious：exclusive独家经营的。

研究生英语第二学期期末考试翻译(ppt标红部分)

Unit 11.In the race to prevent future 9/11- style attacks --- or worse --- Washington has marshaled the U.S. science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik.在防止未来的“9·11”事件式攻击—或更恶劣的攻击—的竞赛中，华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科学机构做了安排。

2.“A lot of it is securi ty theater technology designed to make you feel better, ” says Bruce Schneier, author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World.超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到更安全。

3.As the archive of visa applicants balloons, scans of all 10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications.随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将使身份验证更加万无一失。

4.Resembling a sleek outhouse, the $ 150,000 walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles。

这种价值15 万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药粒子。

研究生考试英语题型

研究生考试英语题型
研究生考试英语题型主要包括以下几种：
1. 词汇与结构：这部分主要考查考生对英语词汇、短语、句子结构等基础知识的掌握程度。

题型包括填空题、选择题等。

2. 阅读理解：这部分主要考查考生对英语阅读材料的理解和分析能力。

题型包括选择题、判断题、简答题等。

3. 完形填空：这部分要求考生在给定的文章中，根据上下文语境填入适当的单词或短语。

4. 翻译：这部分要求考生将英语文章或段落翻译成中文，或将有中文翻译成英语。

5. 写作：这部分要求考生根据给定的题目或问题，撰写一篇短文或长文。

以上题型可能会根据不同地区和不同研究生考试的要求略有差异。

建议考生在准备研究生考试时，参考当地研究生招生办公室发布的考试大纲，了解具体的题型和分值分布，以便有针对性地进行复习
和准备。