翻译练习答案：国际经验与中国特色
中国特色社会主义。翻译
1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。
专八历年翻译答案
专八翻译第一部分汉译英1.2000年试题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。
它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。
这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆。
它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which show through fossils and specimens the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms. Those of the second generation are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements made in various periods of the industrial age. These two types of museums, while functioning as disseminators of scientific knowledge, treat their visitors as mere viewers.Science museums of the third generation are entirely different from their predecessors. They stress visitor participation, encouraging those interested to make detailed study of the exhibits on their own by trying their hands on them. The experience so gained will enable them to understand advanced technologies better and help them in their quest for what is still unknown in science（陶文好李孚声，《2000年英语专业八级汉译英词汇误译心理认知分析》，《上海科技翻译》，2001年第1期第36-41页）2.2001年试题乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
2021年翻译资格二级笔译《综合能力》习题及答案(卷四).docx
2021年翻译资格二级笔译《综合能力》习题及答案（卷四）1.The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to the global environmental problems. A. dress B. address C. stress D. distress2.Part of the investment is to be used to that old temple to its original splendor. A. rest B. recover C. replace D. restore3.The list of things we need to think about which will be by climate change is endless.A.affiliatedB. affectedC. affirmedD. effected4.Now a single cell phone is able to store a large of information about an individual life.A.dealB. numberC.amountD. account5.We will not be held responsible for any damage which results rough handling. A. from B. off C. in D. to6.Our products are displayed in Stand B22,you will find me during office hours. A. when B. which C. that D. where7.We cannot see any possibility of business your price is onthe high side of the prevailing market trend.A.whichB. sinceC. thatD. though8.Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A.occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur9."They' re the best team T ve seen thus far,n says men' sbasketball coach Larry Brown.A.American' sB. USC. the USAD. United State of America10.Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on change.A.atmosphereB. skyC. weatherD. climate11.In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely the reader wants to know.A.whatB. thatC. so thatD. which 来自12.Regarding insurance, the is for 110% of the invoice value ofthe goods that a manufacturer wants to export.A.amountB. coverC. insuranceD. premium13.Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods, it is important that it is as soon as possible.A. deletedB. demandedC. deliveredD. detached14.The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged witD. appreciated for15.Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character. A. prime B. primary C. privacy D. probation16.Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed those in Scotland if the report findings are correct. A.as B. like C. likely D. are like17.The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make anannual of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium. A. tributary B. attribution C. contribution D. distribution18.The possibilities for energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings. A.altitude B.alternate C.alternating D. alternative19.Americans who consider themselves in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A. pedestrian B. penchant C. patriotic D. patriarch20.The countries that are being blamed for the extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it. A. nod B. note C. norm D. notion参考答案：1-5 BDBCA 6-10 DBABD 11-15 ADCCA 16-20 BCDCDSocial control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informalmechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group' s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual J s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.1.Social control refers to processes by which.A.norms are developedB.norms are enforcedC.people are educated and trainedD.people are rewarded and punished2.Every society has its own.A.planned systemsB.controlled normsC.recognized boundaryD.established sanctionsrmal mechanisms of social control include the following EXCEPT.A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformityB.expression of disapproval by significant othersC.withholding of positive rewards for the deviantsD.people' s internalization of norms in socialization4.The most powerful protection against deviance is.A.negative sanctionsB.severe punishmentsC.the individuaT s conscienceD.unrestrained suppression5.Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPTA.police stationsB.mental hospitalsC.welfare agenciesD.vocational schools6.The purpose of formal agents is to.A.make beneficial rulesB.preserve social ordersC.control violation of normsD.define acceptable behavior7.Which statement about social control agents is NOT true?A.They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.B.They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.C.They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.D.They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.8.According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overall9.In the third paragraph, u a dual function n refers to.A.formal and informalB.rewards and penalitiesC.approval and disapprovalD.clarification and regulation10.The perspective from which the author discusses social control is.A. biologicalB. sociologicalC. psychologicalD. anthropological参考答案：1-5 BADCD 6-10 CBBDB维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。
硕士综合英语教程1翻译及参考答案
硕士综合英语教程1参考译文Unit 1创建低碳经济1.对于主要由人类活动而迅速积累的温室气体引发了全球变暖这一事实，没有人再持有异议。
除非我们协同一致，快速转向低碳经济，否则全球变暖的趋势将会愈演愈烈。
这一危机日益彰显逼近。
正如获得2007年诺贝尔和平奖的联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）主席拉金德拉·帕乔里所声称的：“如果在2012年之前我们还没有采取行动，那就为时已晚了。
我们在未来两到三年中的所作所为将决定我们的未来。
这是决定性的时刻。
”2.同工业化前的水平相比，地球平均温度已经上升了0.8摄氏度（1.4华氏度左右），速度为自1975年以来每十年增加0.2摄氏度；如果我们仍然一意孤行，那么温度还会继续发生永久性的变化。
这种温度变化听起来似乎不大，但事实并非如此。
最后一个冰河时代时的全球平均气温不过比现今低约5.4摄氏度（9.7华氏度）。
3.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告：如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话，我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
没有人能知道到底全球变暖具体达到多少度会变得无法控制，并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化，造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。
但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家园上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试，这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。
4.《华盛顿邮报》4月刊报导到：“对于许多儿童和青年而言，全球气候变暖无异于当今的原子弹。
对于环境危机的担忧正影响着这一代人，正如经济大萧条、第二次世界大战、越南战争和冷战等等挥之不去的‘战争游戏’影响了20世纪的灵魂一样。
”5.有些可怕的预测可能并不会发生，但考虑到那些最优秀的科学家们发出的警告，如果我们再冒险尝试将是极不负责任的做法。
科学家告诉我们，如果我们不尽快采取行动，想要避免全球变暖引发的最严重恶果则为时晚矣。
【课程资料】CATTI国际经验与中国特色
国际经验与中国特色中国作为后发现代化国家，极其需要借鉴国际经验。
同时，在和平崛起进程中，中国又要以自己为主，来关注和解决自己的问题。
这就是说，中国的现代化一定要有中国特色。
International Practice versus China’s Own WayAs a late-starter in modernization endeavor,China is in dire need of international experience./China needs to draw on best practices worldwide as it seeks to accelerate its ongoing modernization drive./Global experiences are essential to China,a late-starter in its push for modernization./China has to draw on what the world has to offer in its aggressive push for modernization.That said,as China seeks a peaceful rise,it has to meet emerging challenges and identify viable solutions that reflect its national reality.In other words,China must modernize itself its own way.Globally,China has a lot to learn as a late-starter in its push for modernization.Yet domestically,China has to come up with its own solutions to problems that emerge along the way towards peaceful rise.In other words,China’s modernization drive/program must carry Chinese features/go the Chinese way.又比如，在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(10)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent.By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.Such is the volatility of today's markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day—the "bottom billion," the poorest of the world's poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that's all they can afford.Traveling through West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women's cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income—and food—for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.Elsewhere, I saw yet another women's group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems—precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题LONDON—Webster's Dictionary defines plague as "anything that afflicts or troubles; calamity; scourge." Further definitions include "any contagious epidemic disease that is deadly; esp., bubonic plague" and, from the Bible, "any of various calamities sent down as divine punishment." The verb form means "to vex; harass; trouble; torment."In Albert Camus' novel, The Plague, written soon after the Nazi occupation of France, the first sign of the epidemic is rats dying in numbers: "They came up from basements and cubby-holes, cellars and drains, in long swaying lines; they staggered in the light, collapsed and died, right next to people. At night, in corridors and side-streets, one could clearly hear the tiny squeaks as they expired. In the morning, on the outskirts of town, you would find them stretched out in the gutter with a little floret of blood on their pointed muzzles, some blown up and rotting, other stiff,with their whiskers still standing up."The rats are messengers, but—human nature being what it is—their message is not immediately heeded. Life must go on. There are errands to run, money to be made. The novel is set in Oran, an Algerian coastal town of commerce and lassitude, where the heat rises steadily to the point that the sea changes color, deep blue turning to a "sheen of silver or iron, making it painful to look at." Even when people start to die—their lymph nodes swollen, blackish patches spreading on their skin, vomiting bile, gasping for breath—the authorities' response is hesitant. The word "plague" is almost unsayable. In exasperation, the doctor-protagonist tells a hastily convened health commission: "I don't mind the form of words. Let's just say that we should not act as though half the town were not threatened with death, because then it would be."The sequence of emotions feels familiar. Denial is followed by faint anxiety, which is followed by concern, which is followed by fear, which is followed by panic. The phobia is stoked by the sudden realization that there are uncontrollable dark forces, lurking in the drains and the sewers, just beneath life's placid surface. The disease is a leveler, suddenly everyone is vulnerable, and the moral strength of each individual is tested. The plague is on everyone's minds, when it's not in their bodies. Questions multiply: What is the chain of transmission? How to isolate the victims?Plague and epidemics are a thing of the past, of course they are. Physical contact has been cut to a minimum in developed societies. Devices and their digital messages direct our lives. It is not necessary to look into someone's eyes let alone touch their skin in order to become, somehow, intimate. Food is hermetically sealed. Blood, secretions, saliva, pus, bodily fluids—these are things with which hospitals deal, not matters of daily concern.A virus contracted in West Africa, perhaps by a man hunting fruit bats in a tropical forest to feed his family, and cutting the bat open, cannot affect a nurse in Dallas, Texas, who has been wearing protective clothing as she tended a patient who died. Except that it does. "Pestilence is in fact very common," Camus observes, "but we find it hard to believe in a pestilence when it descends upon us."The scary thing is that the bat that carries the virus is not sick. It is simply capable of transmitting the virus in the right circumstances. In other words, the virus is always lurking even if invisible. It is easily ignored until it is too late.Pestilence, of course, is a metaphor as well as a physical fact. It is not just blood oozing from gums and eyes, diarrhea and vomiting. A plague had descended on Europe as Camus wrote. The calamity and slaughter were spreading through the North Africa where he had passed his childhood. This virus hopping today from Africa to Europe to the United States has come in a time of beheadings and unease. People put the phenomena together as denial turns to anxiety and panic. They sense the stirring of uncontrollable forces. They want to be wrong but they are not sure they are.At the end of the novel, the doctor contemplates a relieved throng that has survived: "He knew that this happy crowd was unaware of something that one can read in books, which is that the plague bacillus never dies or vanishes entirely, that it can remain dormant for dozens of years in furniture or clothing, that it waits patiently in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, handkerchiefs and old papers, and that perhaps the day will come when, for the instruction or misfortune of mankind, the plague will rouse its rats and send them to die in some well-contented city."上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中华文明经历了5000多年的历史变迁，但始终一脉相承，积淀着中华民族最深层的精神追求，代表着中华民族独特的精神标识，为中华民族生生不息、发展壮大供了丰厚滋养。
俄语翻译答案
说明：括号内红色字体部分为外教认为译文应该增加部分；括号内黑色字体部分与下划线部分是同一原文的不同译法。
缺第：第8课宋飞正文俄译汉；第10课旅游姜占民俄译汉。
第1课1．1体育是怎样产生的？1.回顾历史，我们会发现体育运动可能始于宗教活动。
史前人类都崇拜神灵，他们跳祭祀舞。
这些舞蹈与军人或猎人的动作很相似。
后来人们跳舞只是为了自娱，后来才可能成为一种体育项目。
2.四千年前埃及人开展了一些体育项目，但田径运动作为体育项目产生于希腊。
历史学家公认的首届奥林匹克运动会于公元前776年在希腊举行。
3.今天，我们都知道体育在我们生活中起着何等重要的作用。
在古希腊，体育的作用比现在更重要。
每个在校学生都训练跑、跳和摔跤。
如果人到中年体格仍然强壮而有耐力，就被认为是优秀运动员。
4.寓健康的精神于健康的体魄一直是希腊人的理想，因此他们不只是欣赏只热衷于当一个运动员以及百事成功而从事运动的人。
但是希腊人中中出现了一些职业运动员，特别是在拳击和摔跤等运动项目中。
5.在希腊有许多体育节日，但最古老、最重要的节日是奥林匹克运动会。
只有纯希腊血统的青年男子经过十个月的培训才可参赛。
最初的运动会有跑和跳两项，后来又增添了摔跤、拳击、铁饼、标枪及（战）车赛等。
俄语在这些充满疑惑的日子里，在这些对我祖国的命运充满焦虑的日子里——只有你是我的支柱，我的慰藉，啊，伟大的、雄健的、真实的、自由的俄罗斯语言!若没有你——面对国中发生的一切，我怎能不陷入绝望?然而决不能设想：使用这样语言的人民不是一个伟大的民族![1] 中国的传统戏曲剧种有①300余种，其中京剧②最普遍最有影响③，因十九世纪初产生于北京而得名④，它是集戏剧、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈、武功⑤于一体⑥的舞台艺术。
许多国外观众深深地为《三岔口》⑦等剧目所打动⑧。
ВКитаенасчитывается(существует）свыше300 видовоперы, срединихпекинскаяопера—самаяраспространеннаяивлиятельная(популярнаяиизвестная). Онапоявилась в начале 19 века в Пекине, почему и называется (носит название) пекинской (откуда и появилось её название). Пекинская опера —это сценическое искусство (вид сценического искусства), которое объединяет (объединяющего) в себе элементы драмы, пения, музыки, танца, акробатики и боевых искусств (Китая). Многие зарубежные зрители глубоко тронуты таким номером, как ?Тройная развилка?.(?Тройная развилка?, а также другие номера, глубоко затронули сердца многих зарубежных зрителей.)[2] 九十年来，中国电影为国家奉献⑨了许多优秀影片，如《马路天使》⑩、《黄土地》、《开国大典》[11]、《秋菊打官司》[12]等。
初级翻译资格考试口译练习及答案
初级翻译资格考试口译练习及答案2017初级翻译资格考试口译练习及答案第一题：中国人认为，太极是天地万物之根源。
太极分为阴阳二气，阴阳二气产生木、火、土、金、水这五行。
五行代表或作用于人体器官，即火对心，木对肝，土对脾胃，金对肺，水对。
肾。
阴阳化合而生万物，太极则代表了阴阳调和。
长期以来，世界只知道中国有指南针、火药、造纸和活字印刷四大发明。
We Chinese believe that taiji is the origin of all lives on Earth. Taiji comprises yin and yang, two types of vital energy. The five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal and water derive from yin and yang. These five elements correspond to, or affect, particular human organs. That is, the element of the fire corresponds to the heart, the wood to the liver, the earth to the spleen and the stomach, the metal to the lung and the water to the kidney. The combination of yin and yang gives birth to all lives on Earth. Taiji represents the harmonious state of balance between yin and yang. For a long time, the rest of the world was only aware of China's four major inventions: the compass, gunpowder, paper-making and movable-type printing.几乎很少有人知道中国已发现了经络的存在。
英汉翻译练习16篇(参考译文)
英汉翻译练习16篇（参考译文）·英汉翻译练习翻译16篇1．用翻译学外语经验谈大凡水平较高的人都接受过两种教育，一种是从师，另一种更为直接、更为重要——自学。
……在做法语和拉丁语翻译时，我采用了一个极好的方法。
在此，我愿从自己成功的经验出发，把它介绍给学生们效仿。
我选择了一些经典作家，如西塞罗和维脱，因为他们的文体纯正优雅，最受好评。
譬如，我把西塞罗的书信译成法语，然后把译文搁置一旁，等其中的词句和短语全都忘光之后，再把法语译文回译成我力所能及的拉丁语。
最后，拿我那蹩脚的译文与那位罗马演说家平易、优美、用词精当的原文，逐句逐句进行对照。
同样，我也拿维脱的《革命文献》做过好些页的翻译练习。
我把它们先译成拉丁语，搁置一段时间以后，再把它们回译成法语，然后，就我的习作和原文之间的异同，做详细的比较。
渐渐地．我对自己感到比较满意了。
我坚持这种对译的练习，竟用了好几个笔记本。
最后，我终于熟悉了两种语言的习惯用法，至少掌握了一种正确的文体。
这种有益的书面翻译练习还要与欣赏名著这种更为愉快的活动同时或交叉进行。
认真阅读罗马经典著作，对我来说既是一种练习也是一种犒赏。
(爱德华·吉朋)（译文参考祝吉芳编著《英汉翻译——方法与试笔》，北京大学出版社，2004）2．罗马假日影评（节选）当电影发展到苦乐交融的高潮时，通过一种感人的方式把人物带回到现实世界，人物升华到了真正的高尚和无私的精神境界。
派克越来越少考虑把赫本作为独家新闻，更多地把她看作是一个具有完美人格的真实的人。
他在对赫本的爱和想攀上事业阶梯的欲望之间挣扎着。
最后，他选择了爱，放弃了金钱和名誉。
派克以一贯稳健的表演（坚毅的形象）演绎了一个令人难以忘怀的结局。
结尾的处理真实而浪漫，暗示着一种超乎现实之外的精神上的启示。
这一苦乐交融的结局使“罗马假日”免于沦为一类题材的浪漫喜剧-----它们经常靠制造紧张的情节以获得一个美满的结局。
3．人在旅途无论你是谁，无论你身在何方，此时此刻，你我有一个共同点，一个永远伴随你我的共同点。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(6)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（6）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中国是经历了深重苦难的国家。
三笔汉译英同步解析训练3
汉译英六（选自“习近平在首届中国国际进口博览会开幕式上的主旨演讲”）各国应该坚持创新引领，加快新旧动能转换。
创新是第一动力。
只有敢于创新、勇于变革，才能突破世界经济发展瓶颈。
世界经济刚刚走出国际金融危机阴影，回升态势尚不稳固，迫切需要各国共同推动科技创新、培育新的增长点。
造福人类是科技创新最强大的动力。
在休戚与共的地球村，共享创新成果，是国际社会的一致呼声和现实选择。
各国应该把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的机遇，加强数字经济、人工智能、纳米技术等前沿领域合作，共同打造新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式。
◆重点词汇&专有名词增长点: growth driver地球村：global village数字经济：digital economy人工智能：artificial intelligence纳米技术：nanotechnology◆翻译技巧点拨1、原文：各国应该把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的机遇，加强数字经济、人工智能、纳米技术等前沿领域合作，共同打造新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式。
译文：We need to seize the opportunities presented by the new round of technological and industrial revolution, strengthen cooperation in frontier sectors such as digital economy, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, and work together to foster new technologies, new industries, and new forms and models of business.解析：1)在处理此句时，首先分析其间小句关系，然后搭建句型。
不难看出简化后的基本结构为：“把握机遇，加强合作，打造技术、产业、业态、模式”，因此在处理时可当成三个并列句。
浅谈中国特色词汇的翻译
浅谈中国特色词汇的翻译随着中国的崛起，越来越多的外国人开始学习中文，中国特色词汇的翻译也变得愈发重要。
中国特色词汇是指那些具有中国文化特色和民族特色的词汇，这些词汇在中国的文化、历史、民间故事中有着深厚的根基，并且承载着丰富的文化内涵。
对于外国人来说，理解和翻译这些词汇并不容易，因为其中蕴含着丰富的文化信息，又涉及到语言、思维方式、习惯等方面的差异。
对于翻译中国特色词汇，需要有深厚的中文基础和对中国文化的深刻理解。
在这篇文章中，我们将就翻译中国特色词汇进行一些探讨和讨论。
对于中国特色词汇的翻译，需要注重其文化内涵和背景知识的传递。
比如“四大发明”这一词汇，在中国文化中具有非常重要的地位，指的是中国古代的四项重大发明，包括纸张、印刷术、火药和指南针。
这些发明对于中国古代的社会、经济和文化发展有着极为深远的影响，“四大发明”这一词汇所蕴含的文化内涵是非常丰富的。
在翻译时，不能简单地将其译为“four great inventions”，而应该通过注解、解释等方式，传递其所蕴含的文化信息和历史内涵。
对于这类具有深厚文化背景的词汇，翻译者需要具备丰富的文化知识和专业的翻译技巧，才能准确传达其意义和价值。
对于中国特色词汇的翻译，需要注重其在语境中的运用和理解。
中国特色词汇往往是中国传统文化、价值观念以及人们日常生活的反映，其运用和理解是与中国文化和社会密不可分的。
比如“吉祥如意”这一词汇，在中国文化中是一种祝福和美好的象征，代表着人们对美好生活的向往和祈愿。
而在翻译时，需要考虑到其在中国语境中的实际运用和含义，不能简单地将其译为“good luck”，而应该结合具体的语境和场景，采用更合适的表达方式。
对于这类词汇的翻译，需要翻译者对中国文化和生活有着深刻的了解和认识，从而能够准确捕捉其在语境中的含义和用法。
对于中国特色词汇的翻译，需要注重其在语言表达上的优美和准确。
中国特色词汇往往是由特定的汉字组成，具有独特的音韵和韵味，在翻译时要尽可能地保持其原汁原味，使译文既充分表达其含义，又具有优美的音韵和表达。
中国重要时政术语英译报告
中国重要时政术语英译报告随着中国崛起为世界强国，中国的时政术语也成为国际关注的焦点。
以下是中国重要时政术语的英语翻译：1.中国特色社会主义（Chinese-style socialism）这是中国共产党提出的一种新型社会主义，它强调坚持中国道路、中国特色、中国经验，把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国革命和建设的具体实践相结合，以改善人民生活和实现全面发展为目标。
2.四个全面（Four Comprehensives）四个全面是指全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
这是习近平主席在中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议上提出的重要战略。
3.中国梦（Chinese Dream）中国梦是习近平主席提出的一个概念，它强调实现中华民族的伟大复兴，包括国家强大、民族团结、人民幸福等方面。
4.一带一路（The Belt and Road Initiative）一带一路是中国政府提出的一个重大倡议，旨在促进全球治理体系的变革，通过加强与沿线国家的经贸合作、推进基础设施建设、加强文化交流等方面，实现各国共同发展。
5.新时代中国特色大国外交（New Era Chinese Diplomacy）新时代中国特色大国外交是习近平主席提出的一种外交理念和战略，强调坚持和平发展、开放合作、推动建设人类命运共同体等方面。
6.供给侧结构性改革（Supply-side Structural Reform）供给侧结构性改革是中国政府推行的一项重大改革，旨在通过优化供给结构、削减过剩产能、降低企业成本以及改善国民经济结构等方面，促进中国经济持续发展。
7.质量兴国（Quality-driven Development）质量兴国是中国政府提出的发展战略，强调把质量作为发展的核心，通过推进质量提升、加强创新、提高品牌影响力等方面，实现经济高质量发展。
8.人民军队是人民的军队（The People's Army Belongs to the People）人民军队是中国共产党领导下的人民军队，它的使命是保卫国家安全和人民利益。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(15)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（15）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there's no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第2题能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。
话语权视角下的中国特色词汇英译研究
话语权视角下的中国特色词汇英译研究引言一、中国特色词汇的独特性中国特色词汇是指那些具有中国文化特色和独特含义的词汇。
这些词汇通常承载着深厚的历史和文化内涵，反映着中国人的思维方式、价值观念和生活方式。
比如“禅宗”、“道家”、“儒家”等词汇都是中国特色词汇的代表。
这些词汇在英译时存在着独特的困难。
这些词汇往往是特定历史背景和中国文化传统的产物，其含义和内涵并不容易用简单的英文词汇完全表达。
这些词汇与中国特有的宗教、哲学和思想体系紧密相连，很难找到英文词汇与之相对应。
这些词汇所蕴含的情感和想象力也难以完全通过英文词语传达。
二、话语权视角下的英译难题从话语权的视角来看，中国特色词汇在国际交流中往往处于被动地位。
由于语言和文化的差异，外国学术界和媒体对中国特色词汇的认知常常是片面和误解的。
在这种情况下，中国特色词汇的英译就更加显得重要和困难了。
一方面，英文译者往往对中国特色词汇缺乏深刻的了解，他们往往只能根据自己的认知和理解进行英译，导致了词汇含义和内涵的丢失。
由于英文在国际交流中的主导地位，外国读者对于中国特色词汇的认知也是受制于英文译法的。
这种单一化的认知模式会导致中国特色词汇在国际传播中丧失其独特的文化价值和魅力。
针对中国特色词汇在英译时所面临的难题，我们可以从以下几个方面进行思考和探讨：1. 尊重原文内涵在进行中国特色词汇的英译时，我们必须尊重原文的内涵和特色。
不能简单地依靠字面意思进行译文，而是要深入挖掘原文的文化背景和内涵，力求在译文中保留原文的精神和特色。
2. 借鉴传统翻译技巧中国传统文化有着悠久的翻译传统，我们可以借鉴其中的一些翻译技巧和经验。
比如夹注、蕴涵、音译等翻译手法都可以被运用到中国特色词汇的英译中，以此来增强译文的文学性和内涵。
3. 多元化的译法面对中国特色词汇在英译时的困难，我们可以采取多元化的译法。
通过对比和对照不同的译文，我们可以找到更恰当的译法，以便更准确地表达原文的意思和内涵。
近年来英语六级翻译真题汇总(含答案)
近年来英语六级翻译真题汇总（含答案）近年来英语六级翻译真题汇总（含答案）2015 年12 月六级翻译真题及参考译文第1套：中国工业升级最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。
不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同：中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。
这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。
中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。
这是一件好事，值得称赞。
下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。
很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
Recently, the Chinese government decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in building high-speed trains, ocean going ships, robots and even airplanes. Not long ago, China won a contract to build a high-speed railway in Indonesia: it also signed a contract with Malaysia to supply it with high-speed trains. This proves that people believe in products made in China. Products made in China are more and more popular. China has paid for this, but it does help eradicate poverty and provide jobs for people around the world. It's a good thing, to be commended. The next time you go to the store, you may want to have a look at the name of the country where the goods you buy are made. It is likely that this product is made in China.第2套：中国减贫在帮助国际社会于2030 年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
2级课后翻译练习答案
2级课后翻译练习答案Unit 1英译汉：1. 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2. 现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。
当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。
例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50%的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
3. 我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。
这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的---带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。
4. 我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914-1989），生于其后期。
这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。
我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
汉译英：1. Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Oppositionformed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.2. Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.3. I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.4. Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.Unit 2英译汉：1. 这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。
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请将下列短文译成英文：
国际经验与中国特色
中国作为后发现代化国家，极其需要国际经验。
同时，在和平崛起进程中，中国又要以自己为主，来关注和解决自己的问题。
这就是说，中国的现代化一定要有中国特色。
As a new comer striving for modernization, China is badly in need of drawing experience from international practice. At the same time, China must rely on itself to address and resolve problems arising in the process of her peaceful rise. In other words, Chinese modernization must bear its own unique characteristics.
比如，在能源问题上，中国将努力走出一条新的节约型道路，即有中国特色的节约方式。
现在美国人均年消费石油25桶，而中国人均消费不到1桶半。
如果中国人不顾自己的条件，异想天开地做起“美国梦”，那我们对能源的急切需求就会给自己，同时也给全人类带来沉重的负担和无尽的麻烦。
For instance, with regard to energy issues, China is working hard to blaze a trail in energy conservation so as to shape up a China-style energy-saving approach. Currently, the American per capita annual consumption of oil is 25 barrels, while that for China is no more than a barrel and a half. Should the Chinese ignore their national conditions and indulge themselves in the wildest “American Dream”, the nation’s desperate energy demands will undoubtedly bring heavy burden and endless trouble both to the Chinese people and the humankind as a whole.
又比如，在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条有中国特色的城市化道路。
目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来。
在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。
欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。
21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失运土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。
Similarly, over the matter of migration of superfluous rural labor force to the city, China is sure to gradually find out the way towards urbanization stamped with Chinese Characteristics. At present, China has a labor force of more than 500 million in the countryside, about 200 million of whom are expected to be migrated to the urban areas in the coming two decades. In this matter, we simply cannot afford to dream the “European dream”. In modern history, Europe has seen altogether over 60 million people depart for every corner of the world to establish colonies overseas, thereby changing the map of the world. For the Chinese people in the first half of the 21st century, however, they can only tackle this formidable universal problem within its own land, first by carefully coordinating urban and rural development and secondly, by providing guided and orderly flow of redundant rural labor force between the countryside and the city without loss of their lands.。