语法 被动语态

语法Grammar in use

被动语态（1）

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。

在英语中被动语态用得很普遍，这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语，或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。

被动语态的构成：be +过去分词。

过去分词不一定指过去。请看例句：

（1）一般现在时形式：am/are/is +过去分词：

The room is aired regularly. 这个房间定期通风。

The knives are sharpened regularly. 刀定期磨。

（2）一般过去时形式：was/were +过去分词：

She was dressed in red. 她身穿红色衣服。

The windows were opened this morning. 窗户今早是开着的／被打开了

This house was built in 1958.

This house was not built in 1958.

Was this house built in 1958?

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

(3) 现在进行时形式：主语+is /are + being +动词的过去分词+（by）宾语

The car is being repaired by them.

A road is being built around the mountain.

A road is not being built around the mountain.

Is a road being built around the mountain?

A new cinema is being built here．

（4）英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如

amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：

She is embarrassed. 她感到尴尬。

They were worried. 他们感到担忧。

语法Grammar in use

被动语态（2）

上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：

（1）现在完成时形式：has/have + been + 过去分词：

The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。

They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。

The car has already been repaired by my father.

This book has been translated (翻译) into many foreign languages.

This book has not been translated into many foreign languages. Has this book been translated into many foreign languages?

（2）一般将来时形式：will/shall +be +过去分词：

The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。

The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就会磨的。

The thieves will be caught by the policeman soon.

He will be taken to hospital tomorrow

He will not be taken to hospital tomorrow.

Will he be taken to hospital tomorrow?

(3) 过去进行式：was/were +being +过去分词：

I was repairing my car at this time last week.

My car was being repaired at this time last week.

Meeting was being held when I was there.

Meeting was not being held when I was there.

Was meeting being held when you were there?

（4）过去完成时形式：had + been + 过去分词：

I had finished the work by the end of l ast week。

到上星期未为止我已经完成了这个工作。

The work had been finished by the end of last week。

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

(5) 情态动词（must ,may ,can）: 情态动词＋be+过去分词

Your homework must be finished .