语法 被动语态
英语语法:被动语态的用法
英语语法:被动语态的用法1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。
4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。
5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。
英语语法被动语态总结
英语语法被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例Theproject will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
初中英语语法——被动语态
初中英语语法——被动语态(1)被动语态定义:被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。
主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。
在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。
具体结构见下表:[注]p.p.表示过去分词。
(1) 被动语态的用法:①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:A man was killedin the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。
如:It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A petdog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态:+ 状语+ 状语(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)(3) 注意点:①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如:His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。
英语语法被动语态考点总结
英语语法被动语态考点总结标题:英语语法被动语态考点总结一、被动语态的基本概念在英语语法中,被动语态(Passive Voice)是一种动词形式,用于表达主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。
其基本结构为“be + 过去分词”。
例如:“The book is read by Mary.”(这本书被玛丽阅读。
)二、被动语态的构成方式1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词。
例句:The cake is made by my sister every day.2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词。
例句:The house was built in 1980.3. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
例句:The project has been completed successfully.4. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词。
例句:The meeting will be chaired by the manager tomorrow.5. 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。
例句:At that time,a new building was being constructed on the campus.6. 现在完成进行时的被动语态:have/has been being + 过去分词。
例句:For the past two hours, the experiment has been being conducted by the researchers.三、被动语态的应用场景1. 不知道或无需提及动作的执行者时。
2. 强调动作的承受者或者结果时。
3. 在科技论文、新闻报道、官方文件等正式文体中常使用被动语态以保持客观公正。
四、被动语态的转换与注意事项主动语态可以转换为被动语态,反之亦然。
高中英语语法被动语态
被动语态一、语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。
一般来说,主动语态侧重于行为者,被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。
如:主动句:They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。
被动句:This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。
英语主动语态的时态共有十六种,而被动语态只有十种。
三、主动语态变被动语态主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走:第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首,第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式,第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后,在前面再加上介词by,引出动作的执行者。
简言之,主动语态变被动语态时,主语与宾语交换位置,谓语变为被动形式,执行者前加by。
主动语态:We speak Chinese.(主语) (谓语) (宾语)Chinese is spoken by us.(主语) (谓语) (宾语)主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况:第一种句型:主语+谓语+宾语,主语与宾语交换位置。
例如:I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。
(主动结构)An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里(由我)发出了。
(被动结构)第二种句型:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语,将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。
例如:My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。
(主动结构)A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。
初中英语语法被动语态
动词的语态
1.英语中动词有两种语态: 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如:A talk on science will be given in our school next Monday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。
B. will finish
C. will be finished D. would finish
过去将来时态:would + be+过去分词
6、The old scientist said that he ______ to visit their country
before long .
A. invited
B. had invited
C. was inviting D. would be invited
现在完成时态:have/has + been +过去分词
7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _____
in the poor area.
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况 中:
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多 的树。
6 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词
was/were+being+过去分词
7 现在完成时 8 过去完成时 9 含情态动词
语法中的被动语态详解
语法中的被动语态详解被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它能够有效地改变句子的结构,让句子更加灵活和准确。
被动语态可以表达动作的承受者而不是执行者,强调事件或行为对主语的影响。
本文将对被动语态进行详细的解释和讨论。
1. 被动语态的构成被动语态由“be”动词的不同形式加上主动语态的过去分词构成。
根据时态的不同,被动语态的构成也会有所变化。
下面是常见的被动语态构成方式:- 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词- 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词- 一般将来时:will be + 过去分词- 现在进行时:am/is/are being + 过去分词- 过去进行时:was/were being + 过去分词- 现在完成时:has/have been + 过去分词- 过去完成时:had been + 过去分词2. 被动语态的用法(1)强调动作的承受者被动语态常用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
通过使用被动语态,可以使主语不再是动作的执行者,而是动作的承受者。
例如:- 主动语态:They built the house.- 被动语态:The house was built by them.(2)省略执行人当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者无需提及执行者时,被动语态也是一种很好的选择。
例如:- Active: Someone cleaned the room before the guests arrived.- Passive: The room was cleaned before the guests arrived.(3)强调动作本身有时候,我们希望强调动作或事件本身而不太关注执行者,这时使用被动语态是非常合适的。
例如:- Active: The dog bit John.- Passive: John was bitten by the dog.3. 被动语态的注意事项(1)及物动词和不及物动词的被动语态不同及物动词可以直接变成被动语态,但不及物动词需要加上适当的介词才能构成被动语态。
被动语态——语法
被动语态英语被动语态的句子是以《be动词+过去分词》的形式来表达,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by~,译为“被(由)……”。
1 被动语态的句型肯定句:主语+be +过去分词+(by~).否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by~).一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
一、被动语态的用法:1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.6.过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.The new road was being made.*过去将来时:should/would+及物动词的过去分词*过去将来完成时: should/would+have been +及物动词的过去分词7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema.8.将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then.The project will have been completed before May.9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:1. 先找出谓语动词;2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
被动语态的九种结构
被动语态的九种结构被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构,用于强调动作的承受者或对象,而不是执行者。
以下是被动语态的九种常见结构:1.一般现在时的被动语态:be + 过去分词例句:The letter is written by Tom.(这封信是汤姆写的。
)2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例句:The book was published last year.(这本书是去年出版的。
)3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词例句:The project will be completed by next month.(这个项目将在下个月完成。
)4.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词例句:The house is being decorated by the workers.(这栋房子正在被工人们装饰。
)5.过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词例句:The car was being repaired when I arrived.(我到达时,汽车正在被修理。
)6.现在完成时的被动语态:has/have been + 过去分词例句:The movie has been watched by millions of people.(这部电影已经被数百万人观看过。
)7.过去完成时的被动语态:had been + 过去分词例句:The assignment had been submitted before the deadline.(作业已在截止日期之前提交。
)8.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be + 过去分词例句:The proposal should be considered carefully.(这个提案应该被认真考虑。
)9.进行时的情态动词被动语态:情态动词 + be + being + 过去分词例句:The problem must be being discussed by the team.(这个问题一定正在团队中被讨论。
高中英语语法 被动语态
高中英语语法被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。
如:Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)三、被动语态的用法:1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
如:The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
如:The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。
高中英语语法——被动语态
高中英语语法——被动语态一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,如果有必要强调动作的执行者,动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。
助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
A. 十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态:do被动语态:amisare doneWe clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2.一般过去时主动语态:did被动语态:waswere doneWe cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗?How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱?3.一般将来时主动语态:willshall do被动语态:willshall be doneWe will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。
The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。
The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理在英语语法中,被动语态是一个重要且常用的语法点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于准确、流畅地表达意思以及提高英语语言能力都有着至关重要的作用。
下面咱们就来详细梳理一下被动语态的相关知识。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是“be +过去分词”。
其中,“be”动词要根据不同的时态和主语进行变化,过去分词则保持不变。
比如,一般现在时的被动语态是“am/is/are +过去分词”,一般过去时是“was/were +过去分词”,现在进行时是“am/is/are + being +过去分词”,过去进行时是“was/were + being +过去分词”,现在完成时是“have/has + been +过去分词”,过去完成时是“had + been +过去分词”等等。
举几个例子帮助大家理解:“ The book is written by him ”(一般现在时的被动语态)“ The tree was cut down yesterday ”(一般过去时的被动语态)“ The problem is being discussed now ”(现在进行时的被动语态)“ The work had been finished before he came ”(过去完成时的被动语态)二、被动语态的使用场景1、不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者当我们关注的是动作本身而不是执行者时,就会使用被动语态。
例如:“The window was broken ”(不知道是谁打破了窗户)2、强调动作的承受者为了突出动作的承受者,会使用被动语态。
比如:“This song is loved by many people ”(强调很多人喜欢这首歌,而不是强调谁让很多人喜欢这首歌)3、出于礼貌或委婉在某些情况下,使用被动语态可以使表达更委婉、更礼貌。
比如:“It is suggested that you should come earlier ”(用被动语态比直接说“ We suggest that you should come earlier ”更委婉)三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、把主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
英语语法被动语态讲解
被动语态一、被动语态在各种时态中的结构一般现在时:be done(be随人称变化)一般过去时:was/were done一般将来时:will be done现在进行时:be being done(前面的be随人称变化,后面的being固定)过去进行时:was/were being done(being固定)现在完成时:have/has been done过去完成时:had been done过去将来时:would be done将来完成时:will have been done将来进行时:will be being done(being固定)将来完成进行时:will have been being done现在完成进行时:have been being done过去将来完成时:would have been done过去完成进行时:had been being done过去将来进行时:would be being done过去将来完成进行时:would have been being done二、被动语态的基本用法:被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系,当主语是动作的承受者时,就需要用到被动语态,汉语中所说的,“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子,在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。
在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。
被动语态中还可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。
也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语,被动语态常用在下列情况。
1、不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时,或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。
The glass was broken last night. 玻璃昨天被打破了。
His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了。
He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次。
2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。
(完整版)英语语法之被动语态
被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的.”二、动语态的运用(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:Paper is made from wood。
(纸是由木材生产出来的。
)The house is quite old。
It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了.)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam。
(计算器不能用于数学考试.)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
)He was awarded first prize in that contest。
(他在比赛中获得了第一。
)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month。
(新实验室必须在下个月底前完工.)三、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲,被动语态可用于英语的各种时态.被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now。
高考语法被动语态
高考语法被动语态高考英语语法被动语态被动语态在英语中是一个重要的语法结构,也是高考中常考的一部分。
掌握被动语态的用法和构成规则对于提高写作和阅读理解的能力非常重要。
本文将为大家详细介绍高考英语语法被动语态的相关知识点,帮助大家更好地应对高考。
一、被动语态的构成规则被动语态由不及物动词和及物动词的宾语加上be动词的各种时态构成。
be动词的时态根据主语的时态来决定。
被动语态的构成公式为:be(各种时态)+过去分词。
1. 现在时态:am/is/are(被动语态) + 过去分词例如:The letter is written by Mary.(这封信是玛丽写的)2. 过去时态:was/were(被动语态) + 过去分词例如:The car was repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车是机修工修的)3. 现在完成时态:have/has(被动语态) + been + 过去分词例如:The book has been read by many people.(这本书已经被很多人读过了)4. 过去完成时态:had(被动语态) + been + 过去分词例如:The work had been finished when he arrived.(他到达时工作已经完成了)5. 将来时态:will be(被动语态) + 过去分词例如:The report will be presented tomorrow.(这份报告将于明天呈现)二、被动语态的用法被动语态主要用于以下几个方面:1. 强调行为的承受者例如:The concert was attended by thousands of people.(成千上万人参加了这场音乐会)2. 不知道或不提及行为的执行者例如:The bike was stolen last night.(这辆自行车昨晚被偷了)3. 对行为的执行者表示无关或不重要例如:The window was broken by accident.(窗户不小心被打破了)4. 当使用主动语态时没有行为的执行者例如:English is spoken all over the world.(英语在全世界使用)(注意:这个句法中没有明确的执行者,因为人们世界各地都在使用英语)三、被动语态的注意事项在使用被动语态时,我们需要注意以下几个问题:1. be动词的时态根据主语的情况来确定例如:The book is being read by students.(这本书正在被学生们读)2. 不及物动词无被动语态,无法构成被动语态的动词需要转换为及物动词或使用其他表达方式。
英语语法被动语态的用法
英语语法被动语态的用法被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化。
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1、各种时态的被动语态结构如下:(1)一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词(2)一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was / were +过去分词(3)现在完成时的被动语态:主语+have / has +been +过去分词(4)一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will +be +过去分词(5)过去将来时的被动语态:主语+would / should + be +过去分词(6)过去进行时的被动语态:主语+was / were + being +过去分词(7)过去完成时的被动语态:主语+had + been +过去分词(8)情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词2、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。
Football is played widely all over the world。
全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者。
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。
昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
3、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语。
(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词。
(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面;如果没必要,可省略。
初中语法被动语态讲解
初中语法被动语态讲解被动语态定义:英语中有两重语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者,被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者,即主动语态中的宾语。
所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。
规则:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
第一,助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化,第二,助动词be要随着时态的变化而变化。
一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.3) shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.4) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here(5) was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.6) should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.7) has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready tostart.8) had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed inBeijing.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July.2(被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by …)否定句主语+be not+过去分词+(by …)一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by …)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+ (by …),3. 被动语态的特殊形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。
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语法Grammar in use
被动语态(1)
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。
在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。
在被动句中,主语是动作的承受者。
在英语中被动语态用得很普遍,这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语,或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。
被动语态的构成:be +过去分词。
过去分词不一定指过去。
请看例句:
(1)一般现在时形式:am/are/is +过去分词:
The room is aired regularly. 这个房间定期通风。
The knives are sharpened regularly. 刀定期磨。
(2)一般过去时形式:was/were +过去分词:
She was dressed in red. 她身穿红色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning. 窗户今早是开着的/被打开了
This house was built in 1958.
This house was not built in 1958.
Was this house built in 1958?
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
(3) 现在进行时形式:主语+is /are + being +动词的过去分词+(by)宾语
The car is being repaired by them.
A road is being built around the mountain.
A road is not being built around the mountain.
Is a road being built around the mountain?
A new cinema is being built here.
(4)英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式,这些动词如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等:
She is embarrassed. 她感到尴尬。
They were worried. 他们感到担忧。
语法Grammar in use
被动语态(2)
上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式,这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式:
(1)现在完成时形式:has/have + been + 过去分词:
The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。
They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。
The car has already been repaired by my father.
This book has been translated (翻译) into many foreign languages.
This book has not been translated into many foreign languages. Has this book been translated into many foreign languages?
(2)一般将来时形式:will/shall +be +过去分词:
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就会磨的。
The thieves will be caught by the policeman soon.
He will be taken to hospital tomorrow
He will not be taken to hospital tomorrow.
Will he be taken to hospital tomorrow?
(3) 过去进行式:was/were +being +过去分词:
I was repairing my car at this time last week.
My car was being repaired at this time last week.
Meeting was being held when I was there.
Meeting was not being held when I was there.
Was meeting being held when you were there?
(4)过去完成时形式:had + been + 过去分词:
I had finished the work by the end of l ast week。
到上星期未为止我已经完成了这个工作。
The work had been finished by the end of last week。
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
(5) 情态动词(must ,may ,can): 情态动词+be+过去分词
Your homework must be finished .。