2016年11月19日托福考试真题回忆
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（5）
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century (B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal (C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century (D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century 2. The word "bias偏见" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) diagonal斜线的 (B) slope (C) distortion (D) prejudice 3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas (A) were suspicious of their neighbors (B) were very proud of their lifestyle (C) believed city government had too much power (D) wanted to move to the cities 4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to (A) participate in the urban reform movement (B) seek financial security (C) comply with a government ordinance (D) avoid crime and corruption 5. The word "embraced拥抱" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) suggested (B) overestimated (C) demanded (D) welcomed 6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies? (A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers. (B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth (C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations. (D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas. 7. The word "exorbitant过⾼的(价钱)" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) additional (B) expensive (C) various (D) modified 8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments 9. The word "Proponents⽀持者" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) Experts (B) Pioneers (C) Reviewers (D) Supporters 10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)? (A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities (B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas (C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem (D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories CDBBD ABDDA。
2016年11月学位英语真题(含答案)
2016年11月学位英语真题Part 1 Reading comprehension (30%)Passage 1If the Dakota Access Pipeline(输油管道）is completed, it will carry nearly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $ 3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year. But the Standing ROCK Sioux, an American Indian tribe, is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (76) Both sides show no signs of backing down.The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux began a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thousands of people, including people from other American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to protest.ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Workers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves(阀门) within three minutes if leaks are detected.American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.(77) Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A. The Dakota Access Pipeline will create more markets for oil and gas.B. The Dakota Access Pipeline will create many job opportunities.C. American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline.D. American Indians fight for equal voting rights.2. ETP hopes to finish this project in ____________.A. 2016B. 2017C. 2018D. 20193. Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?A. Because it will cost up to $3.8 billion.B. Because it threatens the regions’ water supply.C. Because it will make many people lose their jobs.D. Because it will force many people to leave their homes.4. According to the passage, the workers can _______ in case of pipeline leaks.A. report it to the local governmentB. ask people to leave the leak affected areasC. call 911D. close valves5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. This pipeline will cross four states.B. This pipeline is 1,172 miles long.C. All the protesters are from the Standing Rock Sioux.D. Neither side of the dispute is willing to compromise.Passage 2As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary(周年纪念), President Barrack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national monument, and the expansion(扩大) of another. In Maine, more than 87,500 acres of forest will become government-protected parkland for the first time. In Hawaii, a national monument created by President George W, Bush in 2006 will expand to about 582,578 square miles, four times its current size.Obama has now created or enlarged 26 national monuments during his presidency. As a result, his a dministration says, Obama has protected more of the nation’s land than any other president has. But some residents and officials, in both Maine and Hawaii, object to the plans. (78) They say their local economies depend on the use of these areas.In establishing this monument, Obama took the side of conservationists (自然资源保护者) who want laws to protect wild lands. Creating a national park usually requires the approval of Congress. But a 1906 federal law allows the president to establish national monument on his own.The lands’ new status as a monument means that mining and drilling operations are forbidden there. (79) It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting. Some of Maine’s politicians who want to protect the state’s logging industries say Obama should not have acted alone. They say Washington should not tell the states how to use their land, especially when people’s jobs are at stake. Maine politician Susan Collins said the president should have listened to Maine lawmakers and residents, as well as the U.S. Congress before making his decision.However, those who support the president’s decision say the establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs through tourism.6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creating new jobsB. Protecting wild animalsC. Stimulating local economiesD. Creating new national monuments7. Obama has established or enlarged ______ national monument during his two terms.A. 19B. 20C. 26D. 308. In national monuments, ______ is forbidden.A. loggingB. huntingC. miningD. road-building9. The phrase at stake in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.A. in returnB. in dangerC. at presentD. by chance10. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The national monument in Hawaii was created by President Bush.B. There is no objection to President Obama’s decision.C. President Obama made his decision on his own.D. The establishment of the new monument will lead to new jobs.Passage 3Toronto’s third City Hall, now known as Old City Hall, was designed by Edward James Lennox and declared open on Sept. 18, 1899.Created to provide more space for city officials, it turned out to be the largest building in the city and the largest city building in North America at the time.Lennox took three years to design the City Hall and it took 11 years to build it. Contemporaries believe that the odd carving(雕刻) above the Queen Street entrance were actually caricatures(漫画) of councilors at the time.Lennox even included himself in the caricatures, on the west side of the central arch(拱门), and left a strange signature in the stonework of the link portions of the building.The third City Hall was originally used as councilors’ offices and legal offices, but it is used only as a courthouse today.When the fourth City Hall (the one we know today) was declared open in 1965, Old City Hall was threatened to be pulled down. It was saved by a group of people called the “Friends of Old City Hall.”The clock tower stands parallel with the middle of Bay Street, rather than with the center of the building. The bells in the tower were not installed until the building opened. Old City Hall was declared a historical site in 1989.(80) The entire structure cost more than $2.5 million to build at the time. This is equal to $53 million today.11. Toronto’s third City Hall came into use in ______.A. the 18th centuryB. the 19th centuryC. the 20th centuryD. the 21st century12. Old City Hall was constructed in ______ years.A. 3B. 7C. 9D. 1113. The third City Hall is now used as a _________.A. middle schoolB. hospitalC. cinemaD. courthouse14. From the passage we learn that ______.A. Toronto spends lots of money yearly developing the cityB. some local residents showed a great interest in protecting the city’s cultural site.C. the City Council of Toronto hasn’t paid sufficient attention to the protection of the city’s culture.D. the City Hall is still the largest city building in North America today15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. To build a structure like the City Hall will cost $5.2 million today.B. The clock tower stands parallel with the center of the City Hall.C. Old City Hall was once pulled down in the development of the city.D. Old city Hall is now a historical site.Part II V ocabulary and structure (30%)16. Shanghai is _____ biggest city in _____ China in terms of population.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /;/17. When Jenny came to my place, I _______ breakfast with James.A. haveB. hadC. have hadD. was having18. ______ I in your position, I would not accept the job.A. WereB. WasC. AmD. Been19. I got ____ money with me, so I wasn’t able to buy even a bottle of water.A. anyB. someC. fewD. little20. –Must we send in our plan this week?–No, _____; you can send it in next week.A.you needn’tB. you mustn’tC. you can’tD. you shouldn’t21. Would you mind _____ me some bread on your way home?A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought22. I can’t finish the work in time, _____ you help me translate the texts.A. unlessB. ifC. whereD. but23. The driver _____ the passengers off at the supermarket and then went to the next stop.A. fellB. sankC. droppedD. stepped24. That restaurant has a good _____ in the community for its delicious food and friendly service.A. moodB. mirrorC. reputationD. report25. The manager at once lost his _____ when he learnt that his secretary was late again for the meeting.A. mindB. temperC. passionD. way26. The young soldier was ____ wounded in the war and died a few days later.A. generouslyB. lonelyC. fatallyD. slightly27. Professor Simpson _____ the project carefully and made a few correction.A. went upB. went downC. went afterD. went over28. When I go to heat the milk please _____ the baby.A. keep an eye onB. set food onC. make a guess atD. look forward to29. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have got nine children----it’s really a big _____.A. homeB. familyC. houseD. room30. Neither Bill nor his parents _____ at home.A. isB. areC. hasD. have31. The summer vacation _____ over, they then got down to their work again.A. wereB. wasC. beingD. had been32. He failed in his exam, ______ proves that he hadn’t worked hard enough.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. such33. _____ is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.A. WhichB. ThatC. ItD. As34. It was not until he came back _____ I left the office.A. thenB. whichC. thatD. when35. Only when he finished his homework _____ that he had made a mistake.A. he then realizedB. did he realizeC. before he realizedD. he realized36. If it _____ rain tomorrow, we’ll have the party outside.A. wouldn’tB. doesn’tC. didn’tD. won’t37. This is the dictionary you’re looking for, _____?A. isn’t thisB. isn’t thatC. isn’t itD. isn’t there38. It’s going to rain, you’d better _____ an umbrella with you.A. bringB. takeC. carryD. fetch39. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a ______.A. lifeB. workC. professionD. living40. I saw a car in the distance, but I couldn’t _____ whether it was red or not.A. make outB. work onC. look outD. take in41. There were a _____ number of students on the playground.A. fewB. littleC. shortD. small42. Students are expected to ______ lectures regularly.A. presentB. goC. attendD. follow43. The lecture was so ______ that everyone went to sleep.A. boringB. boredC. InterestingD. interested44. We can see a lot of people doing morning exercises in the park even ____ a cold morning.A. onB. inC. atD. during45. The guide walked so fast that most of the tourists could not ____ him.A. go in forB. keep up withC. follow upD. pass onPart III Identification (10%)46. Professor Morison has never been to China, nor does Dr. Jones.A B C D47. As early as the 12th century, boys in England enjoyed to play football.A B C D48. Nobody allows to smoke here because smoking indoors is against the law.A B C D49. When a water is heated, it changes into vapor.A B C D50. He has come to work for a local newspaper about ten years ago, when heA B Cgraduated from Peking University.D51. One of the two chairs is mine; the another is my brother’s.A B C D52. The more quickly you get there, the soon you will be able to relax.A B C D53. I ought have invited her to the party but I didn’t know her well.A B C D54. He was seriously ill for days, and now he looks strong and healthy.A B C D55. Although Jim has lived in Beijing for five years, but he doesn’t speak Chinese well. A B C DPart IV Cloze (10%)Green sea turtles (海龟) are the world’s largest species of hard-shelled sea turtle. While most individuals weigh about 136 to 181 kilograms, some can be __56__ heavy as 204 kilograms. These turtle are found nesting (筑巢) along the coastline of more than 80 countries with the largest nesting population __57___ in Costa Rica and Australia.Green sea turtle spend most of their lives underwater, __58____ they can rest for up to five hours at a time before ___59___ up for air. When active, they typically stay underwater for a few minutes and swim up to the surface to ___60__ air for a few seconds. Green sea turtles also bathe in the sun __61_____ land.56. A. at B. for C. in D. as57. A. gone B. moved C. found D. knocked58. A. where B. which C. that D. when59. A. join B. come C. joining D. coming60. A. breathe B. draw C. hold D. attract61. A. for B. at C. on D. inUnlike most other sea turtles, adult green sea turtles eat primarily plant-based foods _____62__ of seaweed and sea grass. Scientists believe these green foods ___63___ the sea turtle’s fat its green color.Similar to other sea turtles, green sea turtles travel long distances __64__ their feeding grounds and their nesting sites, with recorded distances __65____ than 2,600 kilometers. They have strong flippers (鳍形肢) that help them __66___ in the water.62. A. putting B. making C. containing D. consisting63. A. take B. give C. taken D. given64. A. among B. within C. between D. beyond65. A. longer B. deeper C. richer D. higher66. A. arrive B. swim C. reach D. jumpFemale green sea turtles leave the water in __67____ to lay eggs on the beach and will choose the same nesting __68___ as where they were born. A female will dig __69___ a nest with her flippers and lay about 155 eggs. There she’ll cover the eggs __70____ sand and return to the sea. After about two months the babies will use a special “egg tooth” to break their shells an d hatch (孵化) from their eggs.67. A. way B. place C. method D. order68. A. lawn B. street C. level D. spot69. A. out B. away C. above D. below70. A. of B. with C. out D. forThe first few years of a green sea turtle’s life are spe nt __71__ at sea, where they feed on tiny animals and plants __72___ live in the surface layer of the sea. As they grow older, the turtles move to __73___ waters along the coast, where they find sea grass to eat.Adult green sea turtles face many threats, primarily from humans, including injuries from passing boats, being __74___ in fishing nets and pollution. Newly hatched sea turtles are also at___75__ of being hunted by other animals as they move from their nests out to the sea.71. A. float B. think C. floating D. thinking72. A. when B. that C. what D. where73. A. negative B. careful C. shallow D. polite74. A. caught B. dropped C. grown D. reached75. A. risk B. sight C. visit D. deathPart V. translation (20%)76. Both sides show no signs of backing down.77. Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interferingwith the pipeline construction.78. They say their local economies depend on the use of these areas.79. It may also severely limit activities such as logging, road-building, and hunting.80. The entire structure cost more than $2.5 million to build at the time.81. 他在这所大学任教多久了？82. 我希望我们的演出会成功。
2016年专业英语历年考试真题
2016年专业英语历年考试真题The year 2016 marked a significant milestone in the history of specialized English exams, as it saw the introduction of several key changes that reshaped the testing landscape. As we delve into the past exam papers, it becomes evident that the focus shifted towards a more practical and context-based approach, emphasizing real-world applications of English rather than just rote learning.The reading comprehension sections of the 2016 exams were particularly noteworthy for their diverse range of topics, ranging from scientific research articles to business case studies. This shift towards a more diverse content mix reflects a growing trend towards assessing candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts across different domains. Candidates were required to not only understand the literal meaning of the text but also to infer implied meanings, understand the author's intentions, and evaluate the credibility of the information presented.The listening comprehension sections also saw a similar trend, with conversations and lectures being designed to test the candidates' ability to extract key information, understand context, and make logical deductions. This section tested the candidates' active listening skills, requiring them to actively engage with the audio material and interpret it quickly and accurately.The writing sections of the exams were also updated to reflect this new focus on practicality and real-world applications. Candidates were asked to write essays and reports that模拟真实工作场景中的写作任务， emphasizing clarity, coherence, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. The emphasis on these skills is crucial in today's globalized workforce, where effective communication is a prerequisite for success.In the light of these changes, it is important for candidates to adopt a strategic approach towards their preparation. Firstly, they should focus on developing a strong foundation in the basic language skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. This foundation willprovide them with the necessary tools to tackle the more complex tasks presented in the exams.Secondly, candidates should expose themselves to a wide range of materials, including newspapers, magazines, podcasts, and online resources, to familiarize themselves with different styles and registers of English. This will help them adapt to the diverse content mix found in the exams.Thirdly, candidates should practice regularly, focusing on improving their speed and accuracy. This can be achieved through timed practice tests and mock exams, which willhelp them familiarize themselves with the exam format and develop the necessary test-taking skills.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing their critical thinking skills. This involves analyzing and evaluating information, identifying arguments and counterarguments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. These skills will be crucial in the writing and reading comprehension sections of the exams.In conclusion, the 2016 professional English exams marked a significant shift towards a more practical andcontext-based approach. Candidates need to prepare strategically, focusing on developing a strong foundationin basic language skills, exposing themselves to a wide range of materials, practicing regularly, and developing critical thinking skills. By doing so, they will be well-prepared to face the challenges of the exams and succeed in their professional careers.**2016年专业英语历年考试真题深度解析与备考策略**2016年对于专业英语考试来说，是一个具有里程碑意义的年份，因为这一年见证了一系列重大变革，重塑了考试格局。
2016年托福写作真题及解析
2016年托福写作真题及解析为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题解析,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
2016年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。
高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。
细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。
最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。
学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of WesternEurope experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Manycountries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through thenineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances andimproved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases andplagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided abetter diet for the poor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination ofgreater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous.The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise andolder people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who wereforced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the citiessuffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in theirown workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization isunclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were lateto industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its relatedproblems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demandfor both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor toproduce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)
2016 年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析 (2)托福阅读试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the same time as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was James Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously,Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important.■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material.■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating.Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron,much ofwhich was exported to Britain.But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too,and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production,which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.托福阅读答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.CDF。
托福2016年下半年阅读机经
Biology
Poisonous Insects and the Birds that Eat them
7月16日
history
The Rise of Florence
biology
Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forest
biology
Why Nonavian Dinosaur Become Extinct?
8月27日
History
Photography and pictorial weeklies
Magafauna Eቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtinction Green Crab
Differences between Ancient Europe Towns and Villages Constraints on Natural Selection The decline of Western Rome Insect senses
Art 12月11日
The Sistine Ceiling
History
Explanation of the Collapse of Bronze Age Societies
biology
12月10日
economy
Geology
Effects of Predation on distribution of species The Age of Industrialism Methane and PETM
History art
Coal, Iron and Steam cinema
biology
The Extinction of the Dinasours
biology
2016托福真题汇总2016.11.26
201601.09Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms?Do you agree or disagree that celebrities are good examples foryound people.201601.23Which one of the following history courses should be added: history of science, art history or modern history of the 20th century?Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which one do you prefer and why?201601.24If you were to do a volunteer job in the community, which one of the following jobs would you like to choose? Clean up the park, planttrees or build a bicycle lane.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools and universities are successful because they hire experienced professors.201602.27What hobby would you suggest your friend who is busy with his or her work to take up?Which one of the following two factors is more important to the success of an artist? natural talent or hard workher work to take up?201602.28Many people move to new places for work and education. What are the disadvantages of this?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for the students to be successful.201603.11What is the biggest challenge for university students and why?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is moreimportant to maintain relationship with family members than withfriends.201603.13Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students? repairing the swimmingpool, building a new cafeteria, or improving laboratory equipment?Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which approach to knowing people do you think is better and why?201603.19If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to take the students to go on a field trip? a sciencemuseum; a local farm; a theater Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible.201603.26What do you think of the school you went to for the first time? Was ita good school and why?Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer and why?201604.09Describe one of the most popular websites in your country?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Leavingsome time for group discussion in class is beneficial for study.201604.23What is the most important habit that parents should teach their children? And why it is important?Some like to spend a lot of money to get unique experience on vacation, while others prefer to spend little money on vacation. Which one do you prefer and why?201605.07Do you agree or disagree that it is a good idea for universities to aska student to leave school if he or she was caught cheating inexams? Explain your response in details.Some college students like to join clubs and enjoy club activities, while others like to spend their time studying another courses or doing schoolwork. Which one do you think is better and why?201605.22When visiting a new city, which of the following would you choose to better learn about the place? Visiting a museum, walking throughstreets, or taking an organized trip Some people like surprise visits from their friends, while others prefer to be informed of such visits. Which one do you prefer and Why?201605.28Some schools require students to finish forty hours of community service each year. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages ofdoing this.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should be forced to retire after the age of 65.201605.29What kinds of effects would there be if mobile phones were forbidden in school?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should use money as an incentive for kids to behave well in school.201606.04Describe two ways in which your life will be different in five years.Some managers like to closely watch their employees, while othersprefer to give their employees more freedom. Which do you think ismore effective?201606.18One of your friends wants to drop out of college. Do you think it is a good idea or not? Why?Your professor is asking you to help with some research work on the weekend, but you have planned to go to your sister’s birthday party. Which would you choose to do? Explain why?201606.25Describe a time when an impolite behavior in public annoyed you.And explain why you were annoyed.Your community has been donated a piece of land. Should it be used to build an amusement center or grow trees and flowers?201607.02What are the disadvantages of shopping on the Internet?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Experienceddoctors are better than young doctors.201607.03One of your foreign friends is coming to your country for studying, but he or she is worried about the cost. What are the suggestionswould you give to him or her?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s impolite to make calls or send text messages on a dinner table.201607.09Talk about one thing that makes your country different from other countries.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities.201607.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to learn the history of the city you live in.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important to spend time learning about the history of the place where you live.201607.16Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?Do you agree or disagree with following statement? It is okay for people to use surgery to change their appearance.201608.20In every culture, there are some customs or traditions young people no longer follow. Describe a custom or tradition from the past that isno longer common but you wish still popular today.Some people prefer to watch entertainment programs on television, while others prefer to watch educational programs. Which do you prefer and why?201608.21Which one of the following period do you consider is the most difficult one? childhood, teen period and adulthood Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? If you want to be successful in running a business, being outgoing and friendly is very important.201608.27Talk about the advantages of moving to a new place to study or work.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should learn to draw or paint.201609.03Which of the following ways is the best in getting to know the Italian culture?1. Watching the Italian movies2. Learning the Italian cooking3. Attending the Italian lectures or history classes Some people prefer to buy a product as soon as it is in the market. Other people prefer to purchase a product when it has been in the market for some time. Which do you prefer and why?201609.10Which one of the following classes would you choose? 1. science history 2. art history 3. European history S2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is good for students' learning if teachers assign a lot of homework.201609.10V2Your city is going to build new places to attract more visitors. Amongthe following three options, which do you think is the best? A localhistory museum; a modern art and film museum; a children sciencemuseumS2: If you have some extra money, which would you prefer to spendon? 1). some practical things, like clothes or electronic products 2).some experiences, like vacations and concerts201609.11Describe a common mistake that the experienced teachers often make.Which do you prefer when you were a child? Playing indoors or playing outdoors201609.24Describe a change in your school that was initially considered by students as having negative effects on their life but later was provedto be positive.Which of the following do you prefer: doing exercise everyday or only when you are free?201609.25Which of the following would you choose to do in the summervacation? working at the front desk of a public library, a painter in acommunity art center, or a life guard in a community swimmingpool?Which do you prefer: start a project as early as possible or wait until the due time?201610.15Which of the following functions of smart phones most beneficial to students?1. taking photos2. listening to the music3. recording lectures Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: a boss or manager should not form close friendship with their employees?201610.16There are many disagreements between friends. Which is one of the effective ways to resolving the disagreements. Use your examplesand details to explain. Some students think it is good to choose the future career before entering the university. Others think it is good to take a few university classes before choosing the future career. Which is better for you and explain.201610.22Describe a time that disappointed you. What happened and what's your respond. Do you agree or disagree: Government should not allow violence and bad language in television program.201610.29Some people suggest students eat and drink during classes. Do you think it is a good idea?Some people learn more in the morning. Some others learn more in the afternoon. Which is better for you?201611.05Which of the following technological developments have made the greater impact on students' lives?1. electronic books2.online classes3. smartphones Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the best ways to learn about a country's culture is through watching television shows in that country.201611.12If university plans to add a new course that is not being offered to students, which of the following courses, in your opinion, woulldattract most students?1. Sound engineering and recording2. History of rock music3. Filmstudies Some are willing to own and manage their own company, and some prefer to work in others' company. Which do you prefer and why?201611.13If you are going to choose a roommate which of the following quality is more important to you. 1. Cleanness 2. Friendliness 3. Quietness Some people prefer to buy new books while some people would like to buy used books, what is your opinion?201611.19Nowadays traffic congestions are increasing, what can we do to reduce the cars in the city?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is never too late to get a degree in university.201611.26Do you agree that your friends are planning to take a part-time job while attending the university? And explains why.There are two invitations. One is from a party with your friends and the other is that having a dinner party with your parents. Which one would you prefer and why?。
托福考题重复率分析!考情回顾全解读，考题重复率竟如此大
托福考题重复率分析!考情回顾全解读，考题重复率竟如此大托福考试题目重复率有多大?托福考试旧题对我们的复习有多重要?下面小编就给大家分享一下!托福考题重复率分析!考情回顾全解读，考题重复率竟如此大阅读1. Parental Care by Frogs重复2016.11.13, 2017.10.29, 2018.06.30文章主要讲了 10%的青蛙有常见 4 种 parental care 的方式(其中最常见的是attend eggs)，以及这些如何能够帮助提高幼蛙的survivorship。
有时也会使 parents 更容易被捕食者吃掉。
2. The Arrival of Humans in the Americas重复2016.03.19, 2017.11.26, 2018.09.16主要讲以前生活在Asia(现在是Alaska)的人怎么到达北美的，最开始认为是通过Beringia。
提出了3 个理论，前两个是讲有2 great ice sheets, 一个是 Cordilleran, 另一个是 Lauratide ; 第三个理论是coastal routine。
前 2 个都是会形成 ice free corridor, 便于通行;但是地质证据显示那时的整体条件(冰川融化等)会难通过。
最后一个理论比较靠谱。
3. Accounting for the high density of planet Mercury重复2018.03.24文章关于水星的密度，给了一个剖面图。
主要就是展示水星和其他类地行星的不同，它的core 是非常大的，总量占到体积的60%，所以 diameter 也很大。
而且它的 mantle 是 static 的，和地球等流动的 mantle 不一样。
上面有不少 iron 和 silicate 的化合物，这些物质在特定条件下会聚合、反应成铁化合物，然后陷入到 core 当中。
水星上也有微弱的磁场，以上种.种，使得它的密度非常大。
11月19日雅思阅读真题回忆
11月19日雅思阅读真题回忆2016年11月19日雅思阅读真题回忆引言：还在为雅思考试熬夜奋战的小伙伴们看过来!为了帮助你们更好进行复习，店铺特地整理了历年考试结束后网友的真题回忆，希望大家通过自己的'努力最终拿下满意的成绩!如想了解更多内容欢迎关注应届毕业生网。
—、考试概述本次考试的文章是三篇旧文章，难度中等。
包含历史发展类、心理教育以及生物3个领域的文章。
剑桥系列可以参考C8T1P1 , C10T2P2以及C10T4P3进行参考练习。
二、具体题目分析Passage 1 ：题目：Timekeeper题号：旧题题型：判断4+配对9文章大意：介绍了几个古代计时器：sundial, clepsydra，wooden shadow 和 lamp oil candle ,以及这些计时器的发展和特征，根据文章对这四个计时器类型的特点，列出了相关配图：Clepsydra水漏。
利用水滴判断时间，随着水滴入烧杯，木架上的重物会上升,每天会有15分钟的误差; Wooden shadow测量曰光影子的木条。
一头竖着一个与底端呈现十字形装的木条，根据太阳的起落来判断时间; Lamp oil candle火绳之图。
底拖仪器两边各竖一根小棍，右边的小棍上有罗马数字。
在凹槽中点火，根据燃烧的情况来计时;Sundial 曰暑。
参考答案：判断题1 Y 2 NG 3 Y 4 N配对题 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 B配对题11 C 12 C 13 DPassage 2 ：题目：Activities for Children题型：判断题+选择题题目：旧题参考文章：Activities for ChildrenTwenty-five years ago, children in London walked to school and played in parks after school after weekend. Today they are usually driven to school by parents anxious about safety and spend hours glued to television screens or computer games. Meanwhile, community playing fields are being sold off to property developers at an alarming rate. This change in lifestyle has sadly, meant greater restrictions on children,” says Neil Armstrong, Professor of Health and Exercise Sciences at the University of Exeter.’ If children continue to be this inactive, they’ll be storing up big problems for the future.’In 1985，Professor Armstrong headed a five-year research project into children’s fitness. The results, published in 1990，were alarming. The survey, which monitored 700 11-16-year-olds, found that 48 per cent of girls and 41 per cent of boys already exceeded safe cholesterol levels set for children by the American Heart Foundation. Armstrong adds，“Heart is a muscle and need exercise, or it loses its strength." It also found that 13 per cent of boys and 10 per cent of girls were overweight. More disturbingly, the survey found that over a four-day period，half the girls and one-third of the boys did less exercise than the equivalent of a brisk 10 minute walk. High levels of cholesterol excess body fat and inactivity are believed to increase the risk of coronary heart disease.Physical education is under pressure in the UK - most schools devote little more than 100 minutes a week to it in curriculumtime, which is less than many other European countries. Three European countries are giving children a head start in PE，France，Austria and Switzerland - offer at least two hours in primary and secondary schools. These findings , from the European Union of Physical Education Associations, prompted specialists in children’ s physiology to call on European governments to give youngsters a daily PE programme. The survey shows that the UK ranks 13th out of the 25 countries, with Ireland bottom，averaging under an hour a week for PE. From age six to 18，British children received，on average, 106 minutes of PE a week. Professor Armstrong，who presented the findings at the meeting，noted that since the introduction of the national curriculum there had been a marked fall in the time devoted to PE in UK schools, with only a minority of pupils getting two hours a week.As a former junior football international, Professor Armstrong is a passionate advocate for sport. Although the Government has poured millions into beefing up sport in the community，there is less commitment to it as part of the crammed school curriculum. This means that many children never acquire the necessary skills to thrive in team games. If they are no good at them, they lose interest and establish an inactive pattern of behaviour. When this is coupled with a poor diet，it will lead inevitably to weight gain. Seventy per cent of British children give up all sport when they leave school，compared with only 20 per cent of French teenagers. Professor Armstrong believes that there is far too great an emphasis on team games at school."We need to look at the time devoted to PE and balance it between individual and pair activities，such as aerobics and badminton，as well as team sports.” He added that children need to have the opportunity to take part in a wide variety ofindividual， partner and team sports.The good news，however，is that a few small companies and children activity groups have reacted positively and creatively to the problem. “Take That, shouts Gloria Thomas，striking a disco pose astride her mini-space hopper. “Take that，echo a flock of toddlers, adopting outrageous postures astride their space hoppers.‘ Michael Jackson，she shouts, and they all do a spoof fan-crazed shriek. During the wild and chaotic hopper race across the studio floor， commands like this are issued and responded to with untrammelled glee. The sight of 15 bouncing seven-year-olds who seem about to launch into orbit at every bounce brings tears to the eyes. Uncoordinated，loud, excited and emotional, children provide raw comedy.。
2016-2018托福独立口语真题汇总
2016.1.9Task 1: Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms?Task 2: Do you agree that celebrities are good examples for young people?Task 1: Which one of the following history courses should be added? 1. history of science 2. art history 3. modern history of the 20th centuryTask 2: Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which do you prefer?Task 1: Which of the following volunteer jobs would you like to choose? 1. clean up the park 2.plant trees 3. build a bicycle laneTask 2: Do you agree that universities are successful because of experienced professors?Task 1: What hobby would you recommend to a friend who is busy with work?Task 2: Which is more important to the success of an artist: natural talent or hard work? (Task 1: What are the disadvantages of moving to new places for work or education?Task 2: Do you agree that schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for them to be successful?Task 1: What is the biggest challenge for university students and why?Task 2: Do you agree that it is more important to maintain the relationship with family membersthan with friends?Task 1: Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students?1. repairing the swimming pool2. building a new cafeteria3. improving laboratory equipmentTask 2: Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which do you think is better?Task 1: If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to takethe students to go on a field trip? 1. a science museum 2. a local farm 3. a theaterTask 2: Do you agree that students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible?Task 1: What do you think of the school you went to for the first time? Was it a good school and why?Task 2: Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer?2016.4.9Task 1: Describe one of the most popular websites in your country.Task 2: Do you agree that it is beneficial for students to set aside some time for group discussionsin class?Task 1: What is the most important habit that parents should teach their children?Task 2: Some like to spend a lot of money to get a unique experience on vacations, while others prefer to spend only a little money on vacations. Which one do you prefer?2016.5.7Task 1: Do you think it is a good idea for the university to ask a student to leave school if he is caught cheating in exams?Task 2: Some college students like to join clubs and enjoy club activities in their spare time, while others like to use this time to study another course or do schoolwork. Which one doyou think is better?Task 1: When visiting a new city, which of the following would you choose? (≈ 1. visiting a museum2. walking through streets3. taking an organized tripTask 2: Some people like surprise visits from their friends, while others prefer to be informed ofsuch visits. Which one do you prefer? (Task 1: Some schools require students to finish forty hours of community service each year. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.Task 2: Do you agree that people should be forced to retire after the age of 65? (Task 1: What kinds of effects would there be if mobile phones were forbidden in school?Task 2: Do you agree that parents should use money as an incentive for kids to behave well inschool?2016.6.4Task 1: Describe two ways your life will be different in five years.Task 2: Some managers like to closely watch their employees, while others prefer to give their employees more freedom. Which do you think is more effective?Task 1: One of your friends wants to drop out of college. Is it a good idea or not?Task 2: Your professor is asking you to help with some research work on the weekend, but youhave planned to go to your sister’s birthday party. Which would you choose to do?Task 1: Describe a time when an impolite behavior in public annoyed you.Task 2: Your community has been donated a piece of land. Should it be used to build an amusement center, or to grow trees and flowers?2016.7.2Task 1: What are the disadvantages of shopping on the Internet?Task 2: Do you agree that experienced doctors are better than young doctors?2016.7.3Task 1: One of your foreign friends is coming to your country for studying, but he is worried aboutthe cost. What suggestions would you like to give him?Task 2: Do you agree that it’s impolite to make calls or send text messages on a dinner table? 2016.7.9Task 1: Talk about one thing that makes your country different from other countries.Task 2: Do you agree that it’s easier to teach primary school kids than university students? Task 1: Which do you think is the most helpful to protecting the environment? 1. government 2. organization 3. individualTask 2: Do you agree that it is important to learn about the history of the city you live in?Task 1: Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester. What arethe advantages and disadvantages?Task 2: Do you agree that it is okay for people to use surgeries to change their appearance?Task 1: Describe a custom or tradition in your country that is no longer observed by young peoplebut you wish were still popular today.Task 2: Some people prefer to watch entertainment programs on television, while others preferto watch educational programs. Which do you prefer?(Task 1: Which of the following do you think is the most difficult period? 1. childhood 2. teenperiod 3. adulthoodTask 2: Do you agree that if you want to be successful in running a business, being outgoing and friendly is very important?Task 1: Talk about the advantages of moving to a new place to study or work.Task 2: Do you agree that students should learn painting? (2016.9.3Task 1: Which of the following is the best way to to learn about the Italian culture? 1. watching Italian movies 2. learning Italian cooking 3. attending Italian history classesTask 2: Some people prefer to buy a product as soon as it is on the market. Others prefer to wait until it has been on the market for a while. Which do you prefer? (Task 1: Which one of the following classes would you choose? 1. science history 2. art history3. European historyTask 2: Do you agree that it is good for students to be assigned a lot of homework?Task 1: Which of the following do you think is the best way to attract visitors? 1. a local history museum 2. a modern art and film museum 3. a children’s science museumTask 2: If you have some extra money, do you prefer to spend it on practical things like clothesand electronic products, or experiences like vacations and concerts?Task 1: Describe a common mistake that experienced teachers often make.Task 2: When you were a child, did you prefer to play indoors or outdoors?Task 1: Describe a change in your school that was initially considered by students as having negative effects on their life but later proved to be positive. (Task 2: Do you prefer to exercise every day or only when you are free?Task 1: Which of the following would you choose to be in the summer vacation? 1. a front desk assistant in a library 2.apainterinacommunityar；3.alifeguardinacommunity；Task2: Do you prefer to start a project as early as possible or wait until the due date?Task 1: Which of the following functions of cellphones will benefit students the most? 1. listeningto music 2. recording lectures 3. taking picturesTask 2: Do you agree that the boss should maintain a close relationship with employees?Task 1: Describe the best way for you to deal with disagreements with a friend.Task 2: Do you prefer to decide on your major before entering college or after taking some courses?Task 1: Describe an experience when a friend disappointed you and how you reacted.Task 2: Do you agree that the government should ban violence and strong language in television programs?Task 1: What are the characteristics of a good leader?Task 2: Do you agree that spending time with family is more important than working?Task 1: Should students be allowed to take snacks and beverage into classrooms?Task 2: Do you prefer to take classes in the morning or in the afternoon?2016.11.5lives the most? 1. online courses 2. smart Task 1:Which of the following influences students’ phones 3. e-booksTask 2: Do you agree that the best way to learn about a country is to watch its TV program?Task 1: Which of the following classes do you think is the most attractive to students? 1. history of rock music 2. sound engineering and recording 3. film studiesTask 2: Do you prefer to run your own business or work in a company?Task 1: Which do you think is the most important quality for a roommate? 1. cleanness 2. friendliness 3. quietnessTask 2: Do you prefer to buy new books or used books?Task 1: What can we do to reduce the number of cars in the city?Task 2: Do you agree that it is never too late to get a university degree?Task 1: One of your friends is planning to take a part-time job while studying in the university.What is your opinion of this?Task 2: Do you prefer to have a dinner party with your friends or with your parents?Task 1: If you had the opportunity to travel to space, would you take it?Task 2: Do you agree that it is important to live close to family?2016.12.3Task 1: Which of the following courses would you like to take the most? 1. mathematics 2. painting 3. scienceTask 2: Do you agree that it is important for a child to spend some time living away from homeand visiting relatives and friends?Task 1: Which of the following behaviors is the most negative one displayed by children? 1. being selfish2. speaking impolitely3. being loudTask 2: Do you agree that in order to be successful, one has to make enemies?Task 1: Which of the following part time jobs would you choose? ( 1. lab assistant2. campus tour guide3. library assistantTask 2: Do you agree that playing sports might make children more aggressive?Task 1: Which of the following would you rather do with a group of people than alone? 1. eat ameal 2. listen to music 3. do homeworkTask 2: Do you agree that it is important for young people to learn some domestic skills like cooking, sewing, and taking care of children?Task 1: Your friend has a close family member who is sick and needs your comfort. Describe what you would do and explain why you think it is helpful.Task 2: Some students prefer to enter the university immediately after finishing high school. Others prefer to take some time off before beginning the university life. Which option do you think is better?2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why.l A theater performance by the student actorsl A concert provided by professional musicianl A lecture from a professorTask 2Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why?2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆Task 1You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose?1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner)2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read3. Read a selection of poemTask 2Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better?2017年2月18日托福口语考题回忆Task 11. Which of following aspects do you think contributes most to country's success1.many business opportunities2.well rounded medical care system3.a developed educational systemTask 2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technologythat focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before.2017年02月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend will move to a school and worried about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give him to help him make new friend in the new school? Why?Task 2Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices.Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?2017年02月26日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The student is asked to write final project about the famous Historical city Which you're locatedin. Which we do you choose?1 video the famous building2 visit the old people3 Research and write paperTask 2Some students think that they are graded by participating in the discussion class, while othersthink that they are graded only by written work, such as paper. Which opinion would you preferand give your reasons.2017年03月04日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Recall an argument that you have ever had with others and describe the details of the conflict.Task 2If you are to choose between 2 apartments to live in next semester, one apartment is near the campus but slightly expensive, the other is a little far from the campus but cheaper, which one do you prefer and why?2017年03月11日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Things always change in an unexpected way. Please describe a thing you have recently done that, ten years ago, you never imagined you would do.Task 2You live in a crowded city with only one green space-the city park. The government recently proposes to build a housing complex on this only green space. Do you think this is a good idea? 2017年03月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university international office is going to hold a social events. Which one of the following choices do you think is the best?1. international food fair2. international music festival3. international film festivalTask 2Some people prefer sending messages while others prefer making phone calls directly, which one do you prefer?2017年04月01日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university currently requires all the students to take the physical education course to get graduate. Which of the following choice will you choose? A, soccer B, dancingTask 2Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities, one university is well-known-know, but has for its excellent academic program, but it’s expensive, while another is less well offered you with scholarship to pay for your intuition fee. Which university would you prefer, explain why.2017年04月15日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following areas of current events do you most like to read?PoliticsSportsArts and filmsTask 2Some students prefer to study for exam in the night other students prefer to study in the day,which do you prefer, explain why.2017年04月23日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend wants to come to your country and what things do you suggest him to do and not todo to be polite and respectful.Task 2If you have more money, you want to spend your money on objects like clothes and electronic devices or spend your money on experience.2017年5月6日托福口语考题回忆Task 1 The university decides to remodel the dormitory and add a new space to it. Which spacedo you recommend to add in your dormitory?1. Cafe2. Study room3. Game room2017年05月13日托福口语考题回忆Task 1There is going to have students’ TV show. which show would you like to watch. Please Give your reasons.A. Interview school leadersB. Students’ debate on political and social topicsC. Comedy about school lifeTask 2Some people want to change their appearance, even by surgery. Do you agree or disagree? Giveyour reasons.2017年05月20日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Describe a behavior that many people may do in public that you find inconsiderate.Task 2Many people think that students study course materials more effectively by taking exams, whileothers think that students learn more effective through doing other activities such as writingpaper or completing projects, which do you think is more effective for students to learn.2017年05月27日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend has just moved to a new city and is nervous about making new friends. What advicewould you give your friend?Task 2You have been very busy and unable to prepare for the exam tomorrow. You can either stay uplate to study and sleep less or just study less a nd get full night’s sleep. Which will you choose?2017年6月3日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which one would you like to choose for your final project：presentation, paper，videoTask 2Do you agree or disagree with this statement that we should help our friends only when they askfor help.2017年6月10日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your degree requires you to take one course, which one would you choose?l Energy and environmentl Health and nutritionl Solar systemTask 2Some people prefer to give their opinions immediately. Others pref er to wait and listen to others’ opinions before giving their own. Which one do you think is better?2017年6月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1If you are going to have an interview with a famous people in your community, which of thefollowing people will you choose? Give detailed information to support your answer and explainwhy.Task 2Which one do you agree? Children born with talent should be treated in a different way or they should be treated in the same way as average children.2017年07月01日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following people can give most useful help in your future career direction:TeachersFamiliesFriendsChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe old people should not take risk and participate adventurous events as the young people. Do you agree? Why?2017年07月02日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?Pottery makingwritingart creationChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?2017年7月8日托福口语考题回忆Task 11. Among the following jobs ,which do you is most interesting one and why?1. airplane pilot2. actor3. detectiveTask 2Female and male university students should have separate residence halls. Do you agree or disagree?2017年7月15日托福口语真题Task 1Which of the following volunteer work would you like to do?Clean the park为自行车开辟新的道路Plant treesTask 2Do you agree or disagree that children who do sports at a young age will be more aggressive inthe future.2017年8月26日托福口语真题Task 1 (重复Taks1 和Task1)University students encounter many difficult challenges in their study. Which challenge doyou think is the most difficult one and how do you deal with it?Task 2Some students enjoy decorating their surroundings; others choose to keep their surroundings simple and free of any decorations. Which do you prefer and why?2017年08月27日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three optionsfor the use of the land. Which do you prefer?why?1 the athletic facilities and stadiums .2 a park with nature trails3 centers for students and hotel for campus guestsTask 2Some universities except the students to choose a major field of study when they enter the school; while other universities wait until the second or the third year before students deciding to choose a a major field of study. Which do you prefer? Why or why not?2017年09月09日托福口语考题回忆Task 1If universities are given financial support to develop researches, which one do you think would receive more benefits.1、To predict whether more accurately.2、To clean rivers and ocean.3、To deal with out space.Task 2Some people like participating in performance like theatrical or musical show. Others prefer to bein audience watching those plays. Which do you prefer.2017年09月16日托福口语考题回忆Task 1如果政府要在以下三个领域中投资，你认为哪一个最值得？1. land exploration2. education3. health careTask 2Some people think ,with the development of technology and Internet，libraries will disappear，while others think libraries are always necessary. Which one do you agree, and please give specific details to support your opinion.2017年9月17日托福口语真题回忆Task 1Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three optionsfor the use of the land. Which do you prefer?why?1 the athletic facilities and stadiums .2 a park with nature trails3 centers for students and hotel for campus guestsTask 2Some universities except the students to choose a major field of study when they enter theschool; while other universities wait until the second or the third year before students deciding to choose a a major field of study. Which do you prefer? Why or why not?Task 1Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?:1)Pottery making 2)writing 3)art creationChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?2017年9月24日托福考试真题回忆完整版Task 1University students encounter many difficult challenges in their studies. Which challene do youthink is the most difficult one and how do you deal with it ?Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?Task 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?Some students enjoy decorating their surroundings;other choose to keep their surroundings simple and free of any decorations. Which do you prefer and why ?2017年9月30日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Parents should teach their kids to learn how to manage money,and do you think what’s the most important thing for it,and explain why it’s important.Task 2Participating in team sports is a good way for young person to learn team cooperation,do youagree or disagree?2017年10月14日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Children need to learn to cooperate and get along with others when they grow up. Please give examples of how adults can help them acquire those skills.Task 2Should government limit violence and bad language on television?2017年10月15日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Describe an event in your country people will bring gift, what gift people will bring and why?Task 2小朋友会因为需要不断练习而不愿意学习乐器，作为家长应该怎么做？1，强迫孩子学习乐器，2，让孩子自己选择是否学习乐器。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（6）
Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market. 1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The effects of war on the growth of cities (B) The growth and influence of cities (C) The decline of farming in areas surrounding cities (D) The causes of immigration to cities 2. Why does the author say that "the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America" (lines 1-2)? (A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative (B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great. (C) The cities were growing at a great rate. (D) Most people pretended to live in cities 3. The phrase "in place of " in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to (A) connected to (B) in addition to (C) because of (D) instead of 4. The word "attendant伴随的" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) avoidable (B) accompanying (C) unwelcome (D) unexpected 5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism? (B) Social deference (C) Social hierarchy (D) Independent craftspeople 6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the Middle East, and China had (A) large populations (B) little independence (C) frequent social disorder (D) few power sources 7. The phrase "exponential迅猛的 leaps" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) long wars (B) new laws (C) rapid increases (D) exciting changes 8. The word "it" in line 15 refers to (A) population (B) size (C) Boston (D) Year 9. How many immigrants arrived in North America between 1760 and 1775? (A) About 16,000 (B) About 25,000 (C) About 30,000 (D) More than 200,000 10. The word "dictated决定" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) spoiled (B) reduced (C) determined (D) divided 11. The word "virtually⼏乎" in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) usually (B) hardly (C) very quickly (D) almost completely 12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surrounding Boston in terms of (B) origin of immigrants (C) opportunities for fishing (D) type of grain grown 13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as "breadbaskets"? (A) They produced grain especially for making bread. (B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought (C) They supplied grain to other parts of North America and other countries. (D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of North America. BBDBA ACADC DAC。
2016年11月19日雅思阅读真题回忆（3）
2016年11月19日雅思阅读真题回忆（3）Scientists have determined that an elephant's ability to communicate over long distances is essential for its survival, particularly in a place like Etosha，where more than 2,400 savanna elephants range over an area larger than New Jersey. 丁he difficulty of finding a mate in this vast wilderness is compounded by elephant reproductive biology. Females breed only when in estrus— a period of sexual arousal that occurs every two years and lasts just a few days. MFemales m estrus make these very low, long calls that bulls home in on, because it’s such a rare event，" O’Connell-Rodwell says. These powerful estrus calls carry more than two miles in the air and may be accompanied by long-distance seismic signals, she adds. Breeding herds also use low-frequency vocalizations (发出的声音)to warn of predators.Adult bulls and cows have no enemies, except for humans，but young elephants are susceptible to attacks by lions and hyenas. When a predator appears, older members of the herd emit intense warning calls that prompt the rest of the herd to clump together (聚集成团)for protection, then flee (逃跑). In 1994，Of Connell-Rodwell recorded the dramatic cries of a breeding herd threatened by lions at Mushara. ” The elephants got really scared，and the matriarch (象群首领)made these very powerful warning calls，and then the herd took off screaming and trumpeting (发喇叭声) she recalls. "Since then, every time we've played that particular call at the water hole, we get the same response- the elephants take off.”Reacting to a warning call played in the air is one thing，but could the elephants detect calls transmitted only through theground? T o find out the research team in 2002 devised an experiment using electronic equipment that allowed them to send signals through the ground at Mushara. The results of our 2002 study showed us that elephants do indeed detect warning calls played through the ground/ O' Connell-Rodwell observes. "We expected them to clump up into tight groups and leave the area，and that's in fact what they did. But since we only played back one type of call, we couldn't really say whether they were interpreting it correctly. Maybe they thought it was a vehicle or something strange instea d of a predator warning.”An experiment last year was designed to solve that problem by using three different recordings - the 1994 warning call from Mushara, an anti-predator call recorded by scientist Joyce Poole in Kenya and an artificial warble tone (人选颤音).Although still analyzing data from this experiment，O’Connell-Rodwell is able to make a few preliminary observations: "The data I’ve seen so far suggest that the elephants were responding like I had expected. When the "94 warning call was played back，they tended to clump together and leave the water hole sooner. But what's really interesting is that the unfamiliar anti-predator call from Kenya also caused them to clump up，get nervous and aggressively rumble-but they didn't necessarily leave. I didn't th ink it was going to be that clear cut. ”。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析（1）
托福阅读原⽂ Protection of Plants by Insects 【1】Many plants - one or more species of at least68 different families - can secrete nectar even whenthey have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that producenectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures.These plants usually occur where antsare abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeasternNorth America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floralnectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants areknown to attract ants and other insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with thesenectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attractinsects that will defend the plant. 【2】Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders ofplants. Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. To return thisfavor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might competewith ants for nectar. Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of theplants. 【3】Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internalphysiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secreteit. This view and the opposing “protectionist” hypothesis that ants defend plants had beendisputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheelercommented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations ofthe ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greaternumber would perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established whenBarbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many moreobservations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants. 【4】One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning gloriesagainst attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning gloryfeed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowersindirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or thestigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates. Without theircolorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshoppercan consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetlesaffect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits. 【5】Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, lessthan a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leavelittle doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy forceof grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of sixplants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied byants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, theydrive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they aremuch smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females astheylay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay. 托福阅读试题 1.According to paragraph 1，floral nectar andextrafloral nectar are alike in that A.they are likely to be produced by the same plants. B.they basically consist of the same chemicalcomponents. C.they attract only insects that will defend the plant. D.they are produced by the same parts of the plant. 2.To say that ants are "persistent" defenders of plants means that A.they defend plants against a wide variety of threats. B.they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatened. C.they are successful defenders of plants. D.they are easily observable defenders of plants. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to theextrafloral nectaries? A.They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar. B.They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar. C.They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries. D.They frequently fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar. 4.According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the"protectionist" hypothesis? A.Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects. B.Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar. C.The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a role in the plant’s internal functioning. D.Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar as often as they visit plants that do not. 5.The word "skeptical" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.curious. B.doubtful. C.open-minded. D.practical. 6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information jn thehighlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information. A.We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants. B.Barbara Bentley has called for additional proof that ants benefit plants. C.In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong. D.Proof that ants benefit plants will require many more observations and experiments. 7.According to paragraph 4, what effect does the destruction of the corolla have onplants. A.It leaves the seeds exposed and unprotected. B.It prevents the stigma from developing. C.It keeps pollen grains from attaching properly. D.It prevents the flower from attracting pollinators. 8.The word "devour" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.attack. B.eat. C.damage. D.prefer. 9.What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage? A.It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view. B.It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants. C.It explains how insects find sources of nectar. D.It presents information that partly contradicts the protectionist view. 10.The word "vulnerable" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.numerous. B.harmful. C.open to attack. D.difficult to locate. 11.According to paragraph 5, what did Bentley’s comparative study show? A.Many more plants grew in places where ants were present than where they were absent. B.The ants preferred plants with low seed production to plants with high seed production. C.The plants occupied by ants produced many more seeds than those that were not occupiedby ants. D.The plants that grew in places without ants were much smaller and weaker than those thatgrew in places where ants were present. 12.According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles ineach of the following ways EXCEPT: A.driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet. B.catching and eating adult beetles. C.eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits. D.making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits. 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Sometimes they capture theinsects to feed their protein-hungry larvae. Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. ■【A】 Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. ■【B】 Toreturn this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that mightcompete with ants for nectar. ■【C】 Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eatthe leaves of the plants.■【D】 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points. Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods inwhich the plant is not flowering. A.Evolutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectar originated in thetropics. B.Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than f l o r a l n e c t a r a n d i s m o r e a t t r a c t i v e t o a n t s a n d o t h e r i n s e c t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 C . T h e p r o t e c t i o n i s t h y p o t h e s i s i s t h a t e x t r a f l o r a l n e x t a r a t t r a c t s a n t s , a n d t h a t t h e a n t s , i n o r d e r t o p r e s e r v e t h i s e n e r g y - r i c h f o o d s o u r c e , a t t a c k i n s e c t s t h a t m i g h t h a r m t h e p l a n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 D . E v i d e n c e a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y p r o v e d t h a t a n t s p r o v i d e s i g n i f i c a n t b e n e f i t s f o r p l a n t s w i t h e x t r a f l o r a l n e c t a r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 E . R e s e a r c h h a s s h o w n t h a t A m e r i c a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s p r o d u c e s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o r e s e e d s t h a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e n o t p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 F . A n t s g e n e r a l l y i g n o r e s m a l l i n s e c t s , b u t t h e y w i l l e a t t h e a d u l t s o f l a r g e i n s e c t s p e c i e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r e g g s a n d l a r v a e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > / p >。
托福考试ibt真题解析
托福考试ibt真题解析2016年托福考试ibt真题解析在已经过去的2016年托福考试中，ibt专区有哪些真题值得解析的呢?为此店铺为大家解析2016年托福考试的ibt专区真题。
2016年托福考试ibt真题：写作T1：Ø Topic：Peru沙漠里的一种地形Nazca lines，关于Nazca lines 存在的三种理论Ø 阅读1：作为astronomical calendar，去跟踪一些特殊的events，比如说冬至。
也有发现表明它确实与一些天体有关系。
Ø 阅读2：for monumental arts, 总而彰显当地的文化和地位及重要性。
就像埃及见金字塔一样。
Ø 阅读3：人们留下的足迹。
有可能最为跑步的赛道。
Ø 听力1：阅读里没有提到有sky中很多天体这一事实，所以阅读里所说的相关可能只是偶然。
Ø 听力2：实际上这些lines 很大，只有在高空中才可以看到它的全貌，而如果站在附件的话，不能够进行识别，也不会给人留下深刻的印象。
Ø 听力3：这些lines有一些是images of animals, too complex for human’s footstep.另外听力推测，当地有宗教习惯是走一些不寻常的路径，所以有可能这些lines是religious ritual留下来的。
Ø Sample answerThe writer and the speaker have a debate on why Nazca Lines Images were created. The writer puts forward three theories, which are opposed by the following lecture.First, the writer claims that they are astronomical calendar, because there is relationship between images and planets/stars. While the speaker views this issue from an opposite angle, according to him/her, in fact, images and astronomical events donot match vastly. Since there are numerous stars in the sky, only a small part of images match astronomical planets just by chance.Secondly, the passage states that people in Peru want to use Nazca Lines images to show off their cultures and achievements. However, the speaker casts doubt on this opinion by saying that the Nazca lines are so huge, so that people can only see it above high level. Images will be impressive when seen from overhead. Pyramids are impressive because they are huge and tall.Last, the writer argues that the images are used for racetracks. By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, this claim does not hold water. When travelling, people can use more convenient Mark, such as tree. Some images like spiders and monkeys are too complex for people to track. Besides, it is more likely that the images are used in rituals. Religious ceremonies include walking.T2：Ø 原题：The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation’s government to take to protect the environment.1. Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar andwind energy.2. Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.3. Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.Ø Sample answerTaking a panoramic view of human history, we can readily find that the natural environment plays an enormously important role in determining the future of each and every country. Giventhe great significance of clean environment, the general public as well as the governors begin to wonder which one is the most essential action to protect the environment among the following three options: funding new energy research, preserving natural habitat or enacting strict laws. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to argue that national governments should invest financial support in developing new energy sources.Initially, spending more money in discovering new energy can radically solve the various environmental problems. As is common sense, the deteriorating environment is the result of the overexploitation of fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas. To be specific, numerous chemical plants usually burn the coal to provide power for manufacturing all kinds of goods designed to satisfy the basic needs of the general public. As a result, a large amounts of industrial wastes are discharged to take a toll on the natural environment. Also, an increasing number of petrol-powered automobiles will definitely emit car exhaust (e.g. fumes and toxic gas), which can increase the likelihood of the public suffering from respiratory diseases. All the above problems related to environment can be resolved by find new and clean energy like solar energy, wind power and tidal power. Undoubtedly, replacing the traditional energy with the new ones can dramatically decrease the pollution and contamination, thus leading to a better living environment. For example, once the cars uses the electricity instead of petrol, the air quality will improve to a large extent.Secondly, there are conspicuous limitation of the other two options. As for preserving natural places, the effect of this practice is relatively restricted. To illustrate, the traditional energy sources are usually exploited and discovered in the natural places.Consequently, the preservation of natural places will hinder the access to various energy and thus impede the progress of the whole society. Also, the same logic applies to passing laws to reduce pollution. It is an indisputable fact that across the globe, many countries now are heavily dependent on the industries and factories which produce pollutions. In other words, once the law of punishing these companies is enforced, these corporation may have to cut down their output and make less profits, even ending up going bankrupt. Accordingly, the national economy and the living standard of the public will suffer too.Factoring what has been discussed above, we can conclude that funding research of environmental friendly energy will be more preferable, because finding proper alternative energy is the key to solving the environmental problems comprehensively. 2016年托福考试ibt真题：听力C1：大意：学生想上Smith的中世纪的文学课，但是人数已满，学生问听力中的教授可不可以签字授权上Smith的课，教授说应该不行，因为Smith教授对政策很严格，除非有人放弃课程。
2016托福试题及答案
2016托福试题及答案
1. 阅读部分
阅读材料1：
[阅读材料内容]
问题1：根据阅读材料1，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？
A. 观点A
B. 观点B
C. 观点C
D. 观点D
答案：C
问题2：阅读材料1中提到的现象，最有可能的解释是什么？
A. 解释A
B. 解释B
C. 解释C
D. 解释D
答案：B
2. 听力部分
听力材料1：
[听力材料内容]
问题1：在听力材料1中，演讲者主要讨论了什么？
A. 讨论A
B. 讨论B
C. 讨论C
D. 讨论D
答案：A
问题2：根据听力材料1，演讲者对某个观点的态度是什么？
A. 支持
B. 反对
C. 中立
D. 未明确
答案：B
3. 口语部分
口语题目1：
[口语题目内容]
答案：[口语答案示例]
口语题目2：
[口语题目内容]
答案：[口语答案示例]
4. 写作部分
综合写作题目：
[综合写作题目内容]
答案：[综合写作答案示例]
独立写作题目：
[独立写作题目内容]
答案：[独立写作答案示例]
请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的托福试题及答案应根据官方发布的试题和答案进行编写。
11月19日雅思写作真题回忆
11月19日雅思写作真题回忆2016年11月19日雅思写作真题回忆引言：还在为雅思考试熬夜奋战的小伙伴们看过来!为了帮助你们更好进行复习，店铺特地整理了历年考试结束后网友的真题回忆，希望大家通过自己的.努力最终拿下满意的成绩!如想了解更多内容欢迎关注应届毕业生网。
TASK 1题型：柱状图题目：The chart below shows the main reasons for students choosing to study at a particular university in the UK in 1988 and 2005.解析：该柱状图分为四段式，主体段分为两段。
必备词汇：增加，减少,占据，百分比，比例，表程度形容词或副词。
参考范文(Word Count: 210 )：The chart compares five main reasons for choosing a typical university for students in Britain in 1998 and 2005.According to the bar chart, more than 25% of students went to the university in Britain because of its resources in 1995 which was slightly greater than that in 2005, constituting 25%. Furthermore, it is noticeable that those who chose that university in the UK both in 1985 and 2005 for the reason of the degree course accounted for the most proportion among five causes, 35% and 40% respectively. On the contrary，the reason for distance between home and school took up the smallest percentage, reaching 10%, while in 2005 the rate of distance cause experienced a rapid increase to approximately 23%.As for teaching regarded as one of reasons to choose the university，the proportion in 2005 was equal to the reason for sport facilities in 1985，accounting for 20%. Similarly，15% of reasons for going the university in Britain were due to the teaching level in 198 and sport facilities in 2005.Overall，the cause of the degree course enjoyed the greatest popularity among students who studied in the particular school in Britain in 1988 and 2005 compared with other factors which were seen diverse degrees of fluctuations simultaneously.TASK 2题材：社会类题目：In some countries, more people choose to live by themselves in recent years，why is it case? Is it a positive or negative development for society?相似真题：2014-9-27参考范文：Word Count: 269In recent years, living alone has become increasingly normal around the world, especially in those major cities. There could be several reasons why this is the case，and I believe that it has both positive and negative effects on our society.There are various reasons why many people choose to live by themselves. Firstly, because of urbanization and globalization, a growing number of people of working age have to live in cities far away from their hometown, especially those who just graduate from universities. As they do not want to disturb or to be disturbed by their parents, they prefer to live by themselves.Besides, the increasing awareness of independence may also have an impact on the choice of how to live. In addition, the convenient transport such as railway and airplane and technology like mobile phones could meet the demand for contacting with our family members and friends both physically and emotionally, which provides the possibility for us to live on our own.In my view，the rapid increase in the number of one-person households has both beneficial and detrimental effects on our community. From the perspective of economy，the trend of living individually could lead to the increasing demand for housing, which could boost construction industry, real estate, bank and other related industries which provide services and products for homeowners. On the other hand，people living alone for a long time might suffer from depression and feel isolated since they lack a sense of community, which is not good for neighborliness.In conclusion，on the societal level，living by oneself can have both positive and negative influence.。