中级微观经济学习题集
中级微观经济学48题及答案【考研考博专用,必备48题!!】
第一部分 消费者选择理论1.有两种商品，x1和x2，价格分别为p1和p2，收入为m 。
当11x x ≥时，政府加数量税t,画出预算集并写出预算线2. 消费者消费两种商品（x1，x2），如果花同样多的钱可以买（4，6）或（12，2），写出预算线的表达式。
3．重新描述中国粮价改革（1）假设没有任何市场干预，中国的粮价为每斤0。
4元，每人收入为100元。
把粮食消费量计为x ，在其它商品上的开支为y ，写出预算线，并画图。
（2）假设每人得到30斤粮票，可以凭票以0。
2元的价格买粮食，再写预算约束，画图。
（3）假设取消粮票，补贴每人6元钱，写预算约束并画图。
4． 证两条无差异曲线不能相交5． 一元纸币（x1）和五元纸币（x2）的边际替代率是多少？6．若商品1为中性商品，则它对商品2的边际替代率？ 7. 写出下列情形的效用函数，画出无差异曲线，并在给定价格（p 1，p 2）和收入（m ）的情形下求最优解。
（1）x 1=一元纸币，x 2=五元纸币。
（2）x 1=一杯咖啡，x 2=一勺糖, 消费者喜欢在每杯咖啡加两勺糖。
8. 解最优选择（1） 21212(,)u x x x x =⋅（2）2u x =9. 对下列效用函数推导对商品1的需求函数，反需求函数，恩格尔曲线；在图上大致画出价格提供曲线，收入提供曲线；说明商品一是否正常品、劣质品、一般商品、吉芬商品，商品二与商品一是替代还是互补关系。
（1）212x x u +=（2）()212,m in x x u =（3）b a x x u 21⋅=（4） 12ln u x x =+,10.当偏好为完全替代时，计算当价格变化时的收入效用和替代效用（注意分情况讨论）。
11. 给定效用函数 (,)x y xy =，p x =3，p y =4，m=60，求当p y 降为3时价格变化引起的替代效应和收入效应。
12. 用显示偏好的弱公理说明为什么Slutsky 替代效应为负。
中级微观经济学45道题（含答案）
中级微观经济学45道题（含答案）中级微观经济学期末考试复习题（版权归13企业管理班所有，翻版必究，哈哈！）1.实现委托代理最优合约设计的两个约束条件是什么、答：⼀种是代理⼈的个⼈理性约束，即委托⼈得保证让代理⼈不跳槽，安于经理岗位。
另⼀种是对代理⼈的激励相容约束，即让代理⼈⾃⼰去选择⾏动值a，使其期望的边际效⽤值达到最⼤。
2、为何需求的价格弹性⼤于1时，降价能增加收益，⽽需求的价格弹性⼩于1时，涨价能增加收益，请给出数学证明。
答：需求的价格弹性公式为：由公式可知，当|e|>1，即富于弹性时，MR<0，边际收益为负，即提⾼价格，收益降低，相反，降低价格则收益升⾼。
当|e|<1，即缺乏弹性时，MR>0，边际收益为正，即提⾼价格，收益升⾼，相反，降低价格，收益变少。
3.简述公共产品与私⼈产品的差异。
（微观经济学⼗⼋讲P352）答：公共品是指由公共部门提供⽤来满⾜社会公共需要的商品和服务。
公共品具有不可分割性、⾮竞争性和⾮排他性。
但是必须明确并不是全部的公共品都应由公共部门提供。
私⼈品是指那些具有效⽤上的可分割性，消费上的竞争性和受益上的排他性的产品。
公共品和私⼈品的区别在于，公共品是可以让⼀群⼈同时消费的物品，⽽私⼈品在任何时候只能为⼀个使⽤者提供效⽤。
%4、毕加索油画的供给价格弹性是多少，为什么答：弹性0，因为供给的价格弹性反映价格变动对供给数量变动的影响。
毕加索的油画是唯⼀的，因此，不管价格如何变动，供给为1，即供给不随价格变动⽽变动，弹性为0。
5、完全竞争市场条件下，为什么⾏业中所有⼚商的经济利润在长期均衡时都会为零这是否意味着⼚商的⽣产变得没有意义西⽅经济学中所谓长期均衡时利润为零，是指经济利润为零，并不是会计利润为零。
所谓经济利润，通常也叫超额利润，就是⼀个⼚商赚取了较之⼀般利润⽔平更⾼的利润。
之所以如此，这是因为，在西⽅经济学理论上，会计利润被计⼊⼚商投⼊⾃有要素所应获得的报酬，是产品的隐含成本。
中级微观经济学练习
中级微观经济学练习中级微观经济学练习题1、吴兵有一份每小时￥15的工作，如果他每周工作超过40小时，他将得到50%的超时奖金，即工资上升到￥元/小时。
他只偏好单一商品消费和娱乐，而且他每周可以利用80小时。
假定单一商品的价格是￥6/单位。
请画出他的预算线。
2、某个消费者的效用函数为U(x1,x2)=x12x2。
令P1,P2与m分别表示商品1的价格、商品2的价格和收入。
如果m=24, p1=1, p2=1 , 现在P1的价格上升为2，求此消费者关于商品1的斯勒茨基替代效应和收入效应。
请根据计算，验证恩格尔加总规则。
3、消费者对的效用函数是拟线性的效用函数U＝x1＋x21/2，x1的价格为1，x2的价格为p2，消费者的收入为m。
求x1，x2的需求函数收入变化是否影响对x1和x2的消费？设m＝100，p2从1变化到2，计算该消费者从消费x2商品获得的消费者剩余的变化？4、设消费者对的效用函数是U=x1+x2，x1的价格为2，x2的价格为1。
消费者的收入是m=100. 计算当p1从2变为1/2时对x1的需求的变化。
计算该变化的斯勒茨基替代效应和收入效应，并用图表示出来。
5、利用效用函数u(x1,x2)=x1x2,预算约束m=p1x1+p2x2。
计算X(p,m),γ(p,m),h(p,u)和e(p,u) 6、假设一个人对面包和可乐的偏好可以用下列效用函数来表达，U(x1,x2)=x11/2x21/2。
初始状态下，px=1/2, py=2，m=4。
现在假设可乐的价格px1/2上升到2，计算于px变化引起的补偿性变化CV、等值性变化EV。
1 1/31/27、消费者的效用函数为u=(c1,c2)=? 。
在第一期和第二期的收入分别为100元和180元，利率为r。
求：第一期和第二期的消费分别为多少？r取什么值时，该消费者在第一期将储蓄、贷款或不借贷。
当利率变化时对c1,c2的影响是什么？8、设某人的每天时间分为工作时间和闲暇时间，其效用函数为u?80L?Ly?L2，这里的Y为收入。
中级微观经济学习题及答案
中级微观经济学习题及答案ANSWERS1 The Market1. Suppose that there were 25 people who had a reservation price of $500, and the 26th person had a reservation price of $200. What would the demand curve look like?1.1. It would be constant at $500 for 25 apartments and then drop to $200.2. In the above example, what would the equilibrium price be if there were 24 apartments to rent? What if there were 26 apartments to rent?What if there were 25 apartments to rent?1.2. In the ?rst case, $500, and in the second case, $200. In the third case, the equilibrium price would be any price between $200 and $500.3. If people have di?erent reservation prices, why does the market demand curve slope down?1.3. Because if we want to rent one more apartment, we have to o?er a lower price. The number of people who have reservation prices greater than p must always increase as p decreases.4. In the text we assumed that the condominium purchasers came from the inner-ring people—people who were already rentingapartments. What would happen to the price of inner-ring apartments if all of the condominium purchasers were outer-ring people—the people who were not currently renting apartments in the inner ring? 1.4. The price of apartments in the inner ring would go up since demand for apartments would not change but supply would decrease.5. Suppose now that the condominium purchasers were all inner-ring people, but that each condominium was constructed from two apartments. What would happen to the price of apartments?1.5. The price of apartments in the inner ring would rise.6. What do you suppose the e?ect of a tax would be on the number of apartments that would be built in the long run?1.6. A tax would undoubtedly reduce the number of apartments supplied in the long run.7. Suppose the demand curve is D(p) = 100?2p. What price would the monopolist set if he had 60 apartments? How many would he rent? What price would he set if he had 40 apartments? How many would he rent?1.7. He would set a price of 25 and rent 50 apartments. In the second case he would rent all 40 apartments at the maximum price the marketwould bear. This would be given by the solution to D(p) = 100?2p = 40, which is p? = 30.8. If our model of rent control allowed for unrestricted subletting, who would end up getting apartments in the inner circle? Would the outcome be Pareto e?cient?1.8. Everyone who had a reservation price higher than the equilibrium price in the competitive market, so that the ?nal outcome would be Pareto e?cient.(Of course in the long run there would probably be fewer new apartments built, which would lead to another kind of ine?ciency.)2 Budget Constraint1. Originally the consumer faces the budget line p1x1 + p2x2 = m. Then the price of good 1 doubles, the price of good 2 becomes 8 times larger, and income becomes 4 times larger. Write down an equation for the new budget line in terms of the original prices and income.2.1. The new budget line is given by 2p1x1 +8p2x2 =4m.2. What happens to the budget line if the price of good 2 increases, but the price of good 1 and income remain constant? 2.2. The vertical intercept (axis) decreases and the horizontalx2intercept (axis) stays the same. Thus the budget line becomes ?atter.x13. If the price of good 1 doubles and the price of good 2 triples, does the budget line become ?atter or steeper?2.3. Flatter. The slope is ?2/3.p1p24. What is the de?nition of a numeraire good?2.4. A good whose price has been set to 1; all other goods’ prices are measured relative to the numeraire good’s price.5. Suppose that the government puts a tax of 15 cents a gallon on gasoline and then later decides to put a subsidy on gasoline at a rate of 7 cents a gallon. What net tax is this combination equivalent to?2.5. A tax of 8 cents a gallon.6. Suppose that a budget equation is given by += m. Thep1x1p2x2 government decides to impose a lump-sum tax of u, a quantity tax on good 1 of t, and a quantity subsidy on good 2 of s. What is the formula for the new budget line?2.6. (+ t)+(?s)= m?u.p1x1p2x27. If the income of the consumer increases and one of the prices decreases at the same time, will the consumer necessarily be at leastas well-o??2.7. Yes, since all of the bundles the consumer could a?ord before are a?ordable at the new prices and income.3 Preferences1. If we observe a consumer choosing (,) when (,) is availablex1x2y1y2one time, are we justi?ed in concluding that (,)>(,)?x1x2y1y23.1. No. It might be that the consumer was indi?erent between the two bundles. All we are justi?ed in concluding is that (,)> (,).x1x2y1y22. Consider a group of people A, B, C and the relation “at least as tall as,” as in “A is at least as tall as B.” Is this relation transitive? Is it complete?3.2. Yes to both.3. Take the same group of people and consider the relation “strictly taller than.” Is this relation transitive? Is it re?exive? Is it complete? 3.3. It is transitive, but it is not complete—two people might be the same height. It is not re?exive since it is false that a person is strictly taller than himself.4. A college football coach says that given any two linemen A and B, he always prefers the one who is bigger and faster. Is this preferencerelation transitive? Is it complete?3.4. It is transitive, but not complete. What if A were bigger but slower than B? Which one would he prefer?5. Can an indi?erence curve cross itself? For example, could Figure 3.2 depict a single indi?erence curve?3.5. Yes. An indi?erence curve can cross itself, it just can’t cross another distinct indi?erence curve.6. Could Figure 3.2 be a single indi?erence curve if preferences are monotonic?3.6. No, because there are bundles on the indi?erence curve that have strictly more of both goods than other bundles on the (alleged) indi?erence curve.7. If both pepperoni and anchovies are bads, will the indi?erence curve have a positive or a negative slope?3.7. A negative slope. If you give the consumer more anchovies, you’ve made him worse o?, so you have to take away some pepperoni to get him back on his indi?erence curve. In this case the direction of increasing utility is toward the origin.8. Explain why convex preferences means that “averages are preferred to extremes.”3.8. Because the consumer weakly prefers the weighted average of two bundles to either bundle.9. What is your marginal rate of substitution of $1 bills for $5 bills?3.9. If you give up one $5 bill, how many $1 bills do you need to compensate you? Five $1 bills will do nicely. Hence the answer is ?5 or?1/5, depending on which good you put on the horizontal axis.10. If good 1 is a “neutral,” what is its marginal rate of substitution for good 2?3.10. Zero—if you take away some of good 1, the consumer needs zero units of good 2 to compensate him for his loss. ANSWERS A1311. Think of some other goods for which your preferences might be concave.3.11. Anchovies and peanut butter, scotch and Kool Aid, and other similar repulsive combinations.4 Utility1. The text said that raising a number to an odd power was amonotonic transformation. What about raising a number to an even power? Is this a monotonic transformation? (Hint: consider the case f(u)=u^2.)4.1. The function f(u)=u^2 is a monotonic transformation for positive u, but not for negative u.2. Which of the following are monotonic transformations?(1) u =2 v?13;(2) u = ?1/v^2;(3)u =1/v^2; (4)u = ln v; (5)u = ?e^?v; (6)u = v^2; (7) u = v^2 for v>0; (8) u = v^2 for v<0.4.2. (1) Yes. (2) No (works for v positive). (3) No (works for v negative).(4) Yes (only de?ned for v positive). (5) Yes. (6) No. (7) Yes. (8) No.3. We claimed in the text that if preferences were monotonic, then a diagonal line through the origin would intersect each indi?erence curve exactly once. Can you prove this rigorously? (Hint: what would happen if it intersected some indi?erence curve twice?)4.3. Suppose that the diagonal intersected a given indi?erence curve at two points, say (x,x) and (y,y). Then either x>y or y>x, which means that one of the bundles has more of both goods. But if preferences are monotonic, then one of the bundles would have to be preferred to the other.4. What kind of preferences are represented by a utility function of thex1+x2form u(x1,x2)=? What about the utility function v(x1,x2)= 13x1 + 13x2?4.4. Both represent perfect substitutes.5. What kind of preferences are represented by a utility function of thex2x2 form u(x1,x2)=x1 +? Is the utility function v(x1,x2)=x2 1 +2x1+x2 a monotonic transformation of u(x1,x2)?4.5. Quasilinear preferences. Yes.x1x26. Consider the utility function u(x1,x2)=. What kind of pref- erences does it represent? Is the function v(,)= ax1x2x12x22 monotonic transformation of u(,)? Is the function w(,) =x1x2x1x2x12a monotonic transformation of u(,)?x22x1x24.6. The utility function represents Cobb-Douglas preferences. No. Yes.7. Can you explain why taking a monotonic transformation of a utility function doesn’t change the marginal rate of substitution?4.7. Because the MRS is measured along an indi?erence curve, and utility remains constant along an indi?erence curve.5 Choice1. If two goods are perfect substitutes, what is the demand function forgood 2?5.1.=0 when>, = m/when <, and anything betweenx2 p2p1x2p2p2p10 and m/p2 when = .p1p22. Suppose that indi?erence curves are described by straight lines witha slope of ?b. Given arbitrary prices and money income p1, p2, and m, what will the consumer’s optimal choices look like?5.2. The optimal choices will be x1 = m/p1 and x2 = 0 ifp1/p2 b, and any amount on the budget line if p1/p2 = b.3. Suppose that a consumer always consumes 2 spoons of sugar with each cup of co?ee. If the price of sugar is p1 per spoonful and the price of co?ee is p2 per cup and the consumer has m dollars to spend on co?ee and sugar, how much will he or she want to purchase?5.3. Let z be the number of cups of co?ee the consumer buys. Then we know that 2z is the number of teaspoons of sugar he or she buys. We must satisfy the budget constraint2z + z = m.p1p2Solving for z we havez =m2p1+ p2.4. Suppose that you have highly nonconvex preferences for ice cream and olives, like those given in the text, and that you face prices p1, p2 and have m dollars to spend. List the choices for the optimal consumption bundles.5.4. We know that you’ll either consume all ice cream or all olives. Thus the two choices for the optimal consumption bundles will be x1 = m/,p1 x2 = 0, or x1 = 0, x2 = m/.p25. If a consumer has a utility function u(x1,x2)=x1x4 2, what fraction of her income will she spend on good 2?5.5. This is a Cobb-Douglas utility function, so she will spend 4/(1 + 4) = 4/5 of her income on good 2.6. For what kind of preferences will the consumer be just as well-o?facing a quantity tax as an income tax?5.6. For kinked preferences, such as perfect complements, where the change in price doesn’t induce any change in demand.6 Demand1. If the consumer is consuming exactly two goods, and she is always spending all of her money, can both of them be inferior goods?6.1. No. If her income increases, and she spends it all, she must be purchasing more of at least one good.2. Show that perfect substitutes are an example of homotheticpreferences.6.2. The utility function for perfect substitutes is u(,)=+ .x1 x2 x1 x2Thus if u(,) >u (,), we have + >+ . It follows x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2 y1y2that t+ t> t+ t, so that u(t,t) >u (t, t).x1 x2 y1y2 x1 x2 y1y23. Show that Cobb-Douglas preferences are homothetic preferences.6.3. The Cobb-Douglas utility function has the property that u(t,t)=x1 x2= 2 = t 2 = t*u(x1,). ( t x1)a( t x2)1?a t a t1?a x1a x21?a x1a x21?a x2Thus if u(,) >u (,), we know that u(t,t) >u (t,), so x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2 y1t y2that Cobb-Douglas preferences are indeed homothetic.4. The income o?er curve is to the Engel curve as the price o?er curveis to ...?6.4. The demand curve.5. If the preferences are concave will the consumer ever consume bothof the goods together?6.5. No. Concave preferences can only give rise to optimal consumptionbundles that involve zero consumption of one of the goods.。
《中级微观经济学》试题与答案
《中级微观经济学》试题与答案一、名词解释（5道题）1. 消费者剩余-解释：消费者愿意支付的最高价格与实际支付价格之间的差额，是消费者获得的净收益。
2. 边际替代率-解释：消费者在维持同一效用水平的情况下，愿意用一种商品替代另一种商品的比率。
3. 规模经济-解释：当企业的生产规模扩大时，平均成本随着产量的增加而下降的现象。
4. 纳什均衡-解释：在博弈论中，每个参与者在给定其他参与者策略的情况下，所选择的最佳策略组合。
5. 帕累托最优-解释：资源配置的一种状态，无法在不使任何人变得更差的情况下，使某些人变得更好。
二、填空题（5道题）1. 在短期生产函数中，边际产量递减规律是指（在其他投入固定时，增加一个单位可变投入，产量的增加量递减）。
2. 供给弹性大于1表示（供给是弹性的）。
3. 无差异曲线上的点表示（消费者获得相同效用的不同商品组合）。
4. 在完全竞争市场中，长期均衡时，企业的经济利润是（零）。
5. 价格上限政策可能导致的直接结果是（商品短缺）。
三、单项选择题（5道题）1. 下列哪一项不是完全竞争市场的特征？（）。
- A. 大量的买者和卖者- B. 同质产品- C. 自由进入和退出市场- D. 厂商具有定价权-答案：D2. 在长期，完全竞争市场中的企业会选择生产在（）。
- A. 平均成本最低的产量- B. 边际成本最低的产量- C. 平均总成本等于价格的产量- D. 边际成本等于价格的产量-答案：D3. 如果一种商品的需求是价格无弹性的，那么价格上升10%将导致需求量（）。
- A. 增加10%- B. 减少10%- C. 减少少于10%- D. 减少多于10%-答案：C4. 在垄断市场中，垄断者的利润最大化产量是（）。
- A. 边际成本等于价格- B. 边际收益等于价格- C. 边际收益等于边际成本- D. 平均成本等于边际成本-答案：C5. 在短期内，完全竞争企业的供给曲线是（）。
- A. 平均总成本曲线- B. 平均可变成本曲线- C. 边际成本曲线- D. 边际成本曲线位于平均可变成本曲线之上的部分-答案：D四、多项选择题（5道题）1. 影响需求的主要因素有（）。
中级微观经济学题库(21-30章)
第二十一章成本曲线21.1 Otto的兄弟Dent Carr从事汽车维修业。
Dent近来其他的事情很少，他决定计算一下他的成本状况。
他发现维修s量汽车的总成本是TC(s)=2s2+10。
但是Dent的注意力又转移到其他事情上去了，而这个时候你来了。
请完成下面的计算：Dent的总可变成本：总固定成本：平均可变成本：平均固定成本：平均总成本：边际成本：21.2 Otto的另一个兄弟Rex Carr有一家废品场。
Rex可用两种方法来销毁汽车。
第一种方法需要每年花费200美元以购买一种水压汽车粉碎机，然后每掩埋一辆压碎的汽车需要花费1美元。
第二种方法需要花10美元购买一种铁铲，这种铁铲只能使用一年；然后再以每辆车5美元的价格请他们家的最后一个兄弟，Scoop，去掩埋汽车。
(a) 写出这两种方法的总成本函数，其中y是每年的产量：TC1(y)= ，TC2(y)= 。
(b) 第一种方法的平均成本函数是，边际成本函数是。
第二种方法的这两种成本函数分别是和。
(c) 如果Rex每年销毁40辆汽车，他应该使用哪种方法？如果Rex每年销毁50辆汽车，他应该使用哪种方法？要使他值得购买水压粉碎机，他每年最少应该销毁多少辆汽车？21.3 Touchie MacFeelie出版漫画书。
他所需的投入只是一些笑话和漫画家。
他的生产函数是Q=0.1J1/2L3/4，其中J是所使用的笑话的数量，L是温画家工作的小时数，Q是漫画书的产出量。
(a) 这一生产函数是呈现递增、递减还是不变的规模收益？给出解释。
(b) 如果所使用的笑话的数量是100，写出漫画家劳动的边际产量的表达式，该式是L 的函数。
当劳动量增加时，劳动的边际产量是递减还是递增？21.4 考虑成本函数c(y)=4y2+16。
(a) 平均成本函数是。
(b) 边际成本函数是。
(c) 使得生产的平均成本最小的产出水平是。
(d) 平均可变成本函数是。
(e) 产出水平为多少时，平均可变成本等于边际成本？21.5 某竞争性企业生产函数的形式为Y=2L+5K。
中级微观经济学习题及部分答案
中级微观经济学习题及部分答案第一篇：中级微观经济学习题及部分答案一、单项选择题（每题0.5分，共15分，将正确答案填入答题纸上）1.有下列因素除哪一种外都会使需求曲线移动？（B）a 消费者收入变化；b 商品价格变化；c消费者偏好变化； d 其他相关商品价格变化。
2.假定某耐用消费品的需求函数Qd=400-5P时的均衡价格为50，当需求函数变为Qd=600-5P时，（供给不变）均衡价格将（B）a 低于50b 高于50c 等于50d 不变3.下列命题中哪个是规范经济学的命题?(A)a.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的c.1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％b.1981年失业率超过9％d.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元4.当供求力量自由作用时，一次谷物歉收通过什么显示在市场上？（B）a.政府规定的购买量限制b.谷物价格上涨c.劝说人们减少购买量的广告d.谷物贸易量的增加5.某月内，X商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升，分别引起X商品的需求变动量为50单位和80单位，则在它们共同作用下该月X商品需求数量：（B）。
a.增加30单位b.减少30单位c.增加130单位d.减少130单位6.在完全竞争市场中，（C）。
a.消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是b.消费者和企业都不是价格接受者c.消费者和企业都是价格接受者d.企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是C曲线（A）。
a.当LMC＜LAC时下降，而当LMC＞LAC时上升b.随LMC曲线下降而下降c．随LMC曲线上升而上升d.通过LMC曲线的最低点8．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（A）a.P＜AVCb.P＜SACc.发生亏损时d.SMC＞MR 9.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（C）。
a.厂商的广告开支不同b.非价格竞争的种类不同c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同d.以上都不对10.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（D）调整来实现最大利润。
a.生产规模b.价格c.全部生产要素d.产量11.不完全竞争市场中出现低效率的资源配置是因为产品价格（A）边际成本a．大于b．小于等于d．大于或等于12．当市场处于长期均衡状态时，向右下方倾斜的需求曲线相切于长期平均成本的最低点的左边，产品的价格等于生产的平均成本，产品产量较高但存在多余的生产能力，则该市场属于下列哪一类(B)。
中级微观经济学习题（一）
中级微观经济学习题（一）中级微观经济学习题（一）一、二、三、假设X 与Y 商品的效用函数由下式给出：(,)U X Y XY Y =+a 、计算X 与Y 的马歇尔需求函数并描述收入I 或其它商品价格变化怎样使X 与Y 的需求曲线发生变化。
b 、计算X 与Y 的支出函数。
c 、用上述支出函数计算X 与Y 商品的补偿性需求函数。
描述收入I 或其它商品价格变化怎样使X 与Y 的补偿需求曲线（希克斯需求函数）发生变化。
四、平新乔《微观经济学十八讲》（北京大学出版社）第一章习题3：证明：如果某个消费者的偏好可以由效用函数22121122(,)10(2)50U x x x x x x =++-来描述，那么对该消费者而言，商品1和商品2是完全替代的。
五、平新乔18讲第一章习题6：倩倩总喜欢在每一杯咖啡里两汤匙糖。
如果每汤匙糖的价格是p 1，每杯咖啡的价格是p 2，消费者花费M 元在咖啡和糖上，那么，她将打算购买多少咖啡和糖？如果价格变成为p ’1，p ’2，对她关于咖啡和糖的消费会发生什么影响？六、平新乔18讲第三章习题3：已知一个消费者对牛奶的需求函数为1010y x p=+这里x 为一周内牛奶的消费量，y ＝120元为收入，p ＝3元/桶，现在假定牛奶的价格从3元降低为2元。
问：a 、该价格变化对该消费者的需求总效应是多少？（即该消费者的牛奶消费会发生多少变化）b 、计算价格变化的收入效应。
七、平新乔18讲第三章习题5：当价格是（3，1）时，某个消费者选择的消费束是（x,y ）＝（6，6）。
在新的价格（p x ，p y ）下，他选择的消费束是（x,y ）＝（5，8），若此消费者的行为满足显示偏好弱公理，那么必定有（1）2y x p p ?；（2）2x y p p ?；（3）3x y p p ?；（4）3y x p p = 八、杰里和瑞尼《高级微观经济学》（上海财经大学出版社）习题1.53 n 种物品的柯布－道格拉斯函数是1()ini i u x Ax α==∏这里A>0,并且11nii α==∑a 、推出马歇尔需求函数；b 、推出间接效用函数；c 、计算支出函数；d 、计算希克斯需求。
中级微观经济学题库
中级微观经济学题库第一章市场1.1假定市场中最初有5单位公寓，而其中的一个单位变成了公共品。
需求者 A B C D E F G H价格40 25 30 35 10 18 15 5（a）假设需求者A决定买下该公共物品。
使得公寓的需求等于供给的最高价格是多少？最低价格是多少？在表中的A列中填入你的答案。
然后计算一下，如果B，C，…决定购买该公共品时公寓的均衡价格。
（b）假设在每个保留价格下有两个需求者，共有10套公寓。
供给等于需求的最高价格是多少？假设这些公寓中的一套变成了公共品，这一最高价格还是均衡价格吗？需求者 A B C D E F G H最高价最低价1.2现在假定有一个垄断者拥有所有的公寓，他要决定能够最大化他的收入的价格和数量。
（a）如果该垄断者租出1，2，…，8套公寓，在下表中填写他能获得的最高价格和收入。
（假定他必须对所有的公寓索要同样的价格。
）（b）从A到F中，哪些人租到了公寓？（c）如果法律要求垄断者刚好租出5套公寓，为了最大化收入，他索要的价格将是多少？（d）哪些人会租到公寓？（e）假定该房东可以向每个人索要不同的价格，并且他知道每个人的保留价格。
如果他将5套公寓全部租出，他能获得的最大收入是多少？（f）如果5套公寓都租出去了，哪些人租到了公寓？数量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8价格收入第二章预算约束2.1 在波罗的海附近的一个小国中，只有三种商品：土豆、肉丸和果酱。
在过去的近50年里，价格都十分稳定。
土豆每袋2克朗，肉丸每坛4克朗，果酱每罐6克朗。
（a）一个叫Gunnar的公民，他每年有360克朗的收入，写出他的预算方程。
令P、M、J分别代表Gunnar在一年中所消费的土豆的袋数、肉丸的坛数和果酱的罐数。
（b）该国的公民一般都十分聪明，但是他们不擅长乘以2的计算。
这使得购买土豆成为了一件令许多公民痛苦的困难事情。
因此该国决定引入一种新的货币单位，使得土豆成为计价物。
一代土豆要花费一单位的新货币，但相对价格与过去一样。
中级微观习题
姓名：学号：习题1、消费者选择理论基础一、判断题（判断正误，并说明理由）1、按照序数效用理论，某个消费者偏好只能用唯一的效用函数表示。
2、对于两个消费束（8，y）和（9，y），消费者更偏好后者，表明其偏好具有传递性。
3、对于三个消费束（8,3y）、（10，y）和（9,2y），消费者更偏好于（9,2y），表明其偏好具有单调性。
4、按照序数效用理论，效用函数u(x, y)=min{x, y}和效用函数u(x, y)=min{x+1, y+1}表示相同的偏好。
5、按照序数效用理论，效用函数u(x, y)=min{x, y}和效用函数u(x, y)=min{2x,2y}表示相同的偏好。
6、按照序数效用理论，效用函数u(x, y)= x a y1-a和效用函数u(x, y)=(x+1)a(y+1)1-a表示相同的偏好。
7、边际替代率等于价格比例是消费者效用最大化的充分必要条件。
8、就消费者而言，偏好的边际效用递减是偏好边际替代率递减的必要条件。
二、计算题1、给定消费者效用函数为：u(x, y)=x a y1-a，x商品价格为p x，y商品价格为p y，收入为m。
求消费者对两种商品的需求函数。
2、给定消费者效用函数为：u(x, y)=min{x, y}，x商品价格为p x，y商品价格为p y，收入为m。
求消费者对两种商品的需求函数。
3、给定消费者效用函数为：u(x, y)=x+y1/3，x商品价格为p x，y商品价格为p y，收入为m。
求消费者对两种商品的需求函数。
4、给定消费者效用函数为：u(x, y)=max{x, y}，x商品价格为p x，y商品价格为p y，收入为m。
求消费者对两种商品的需求函数。
5、给定消费者效用函数为：u(x, y)=min{2x, y}，x商品价格为p x，y商品价格为p y，收入为m。
求消费者对两种商品的需求函数。
三、图形分析1、假设某个消费者的效用函数为u(x, y)=min{x+2y, 3x+y}，画图表示其无差异曲线。
范里安中级微观经济学习题集答案
Chapter1NAMEThe MarketIntroduction.The problems in this chapter examine some variations on the apartment market described in the text.In most of the problems we work with the true demand curve constructed from the reservation prices of the consumers rather than the“smoothed”demand curve that we used in the text.Remember that the reservation price of a consumer is that price where he is just indifferent between renting or not renting the apartment. At anyprice below the reservation price the consumer will demand one apartment,at anyprice above the reservation price the consumer will de-mand zero apartments,and exactlyat the reservation price the consumer will be indifferent between having zero or one apartment.You should also observe that when demand curves have the“stair-case”shape used here,there will typically be a range of prices where supplyequals demand.Thus we will ask for the the highest and lowest price in the range.1.1(3)Suppose that we have8people who want to rent an apartment. Their reservation prices are given below.(To keep the numbers small, think of these numbers as being dailyrent pay ments.)Person=A B C D E F G HPrice=402530351018155(a)Plot the market demand curve in the following graph.(Hint:When the market price is equal to some consumer i’s reservation price,there will be two different quantities of apartments demanded,since consumer i will be indifferent between having or not having an apartment.)2THE MARKET(Ch.1)012345678102030406050PriceApartments(b)Suppose the supplyof apartments isfixed at5units.In this case there is a whole range of prices that will be equilibrium prices.What is the highest price that would make the demand for apartments equal to5 units?$18.(c)What is the lowest price that would make the market demand equal to5units?$15.(d)With a supplyof4apartments,which of the people A–H end up getting apartments?A,B,C,D.(e)What if the supplyof apartments increases to6units.What is the range of equilibrium prices?$10to$15.1.2(3)Suppose that there are originally5units in the market and that 1of them is turned into a condominium.(a)Suppose that person A decides to buythe condominium.What will be the highest price at which the demand for apartments will equal the supplyof apartments?What will be the lowest price?Enter y our an-swers in column A,in the table.Then calculate the equilibrium prices of apartments if B,C,...,decide to buythe condominium.NAME3Person A B C D E F G H High price1818181825252525 Low price1515151518151818 (b)Suppose that there were two people at each reservation price and10 apartments.What is the highest price at which demand equals supply?18.Suppose that one of the apartments was turned into a condo-minium.Is that price still an equilibrium price?Yes.1.3(2)Suppose now that a monopolist owns all the apartments and thathe is trying to determine which price and quantity maximize his revenues.(a)Fill in the box with the maximum price and revenue that the monop-olist can make if he rents1,2,...,8apartments.(Assume that he must charge one price for all apartments.)Number12345678 Price403530251815105 Revenue40709010090907040(b)Which of the people A–F would get apartments?A,B,C,D.(c)If the monopolist were required bylaw to rent exactly5apartments, what price would he charge to maximize his revenue?$18.(d)Who would get apartments?A,B,C,D,F.(e)If this landlord could charge each individual a different price,and heknew the reservation prices of all the individuals,what is the maximum revenue he could make if he rented all5apartments?$148.(f)If5apartments were rented,which individuals would get the apart-ments?A,B,C,D,F.1.4(2)Suppose that there are5apartments to be rented and that the cityrent-control board sets a maximum rent of$9.Further suppose that people A,B,C,D,and E manage to get an apartment,while F,G,andH are frozen out.4THE MARKET(Ch.1)(a)If subletting is legal—or,at least,practiced—who will sublet to whomin equilibrium?(Assume that people who sublet can evade the cityrent-control restrictions.)E,who is willing to payonly$10for an apartment would sublet to F,who is willing to pay$18.(b)What will be the maximum amount that can be charged for the sublet payment?$18.(c)If you have rent control with unlimited subletting allowed,which ofthe consumers described above will end up in the5apartments?A,B,C,D,F.(d)How does this compare to the market outcome?It’s the same.1.5(2)In the text we argued that a tax on landlords would not getpassed along to the renters.What would happen if instead the tax wasimposed on renters?(a)To answer this question,consider the group of people in Problem1.1.What is the maximum that theywould be willing to payto the landlordif theyeach had to paya$5tax on apartments to the city?Fill in thebox below with these reservation prices.Person A B C D E F G H Reservation Price35202530513100 (b)Using this information determine the maximum equilibrium price ifthere are5apartments to be rented.$13.(c)Of course,the total price a renter pays consists of his or her rent plusthe tax.This amount is$18.(d)How does this compare to what happens if the tax is levied on the landlords?It’s the same.Chapter 2NAMEBudget ConstraintIntroduction.These workouts are designed to build your skills in de-scribing economic situations with graphs and algebra.Budget sets are a good place to start,because both the algebra and the graphing are very easy.Where there are just two goods,a consumer who consumes x 1units of good 1and x 2units of good 2is said to consume the consumption bun-dle ,(x 1,x 2).Anyconsumption bundle can be represented bya point on a two-dimensional graph with quantities of good 1on the horizontal axis and quantities of good 2on the vertical axis.If the prices are p 1for good 1and p 2for good 2,and if the consumer has income m ,then she can afford anyconsumption bundle,(x 1,x 2),such that p 1x 1+p 2x 2≤m .On a graph,the budget line is just the line segment with equation p 1x 1+p 2x 2=m and with x 1and x 2both nonnegative.The budget line is the boundary of the budget set .All of the points that the consumer can afford lie on one side of the line and all of the points that the consumer cannot afford lie on the other.If you know prices and income,you can construct a consumer’s bud-get line byfinding two commoditybundles that she can “just afford”and drawing the straight line that runs through both points.Example:Myrtle has 50dollars to spend.She consumes only apples and bananas.Apples cost 2dollars each and bananas cost 1dollar each.You are to graph her budget line,where apples are measured on the horizontal axis and bananas on the vertical axis.Notice that if she spends all of her income on apples,she can afford 25apples and no bananas.Therefore her budget line goes through the point (25,0)on the horizontal axis.If she spends all of her income on bananas,she can afford 50bananas and no apples.Therfore her budget line also passes throught the point (0,50)on the vertical axis.Mark these two points on your graph.Then draw a straight line between them.This is Myrtle’s budget line.What if you are not told prices or income,but you know two com-moditybundles that the consumer can just afford?Then,if there are just two commodities,you know that a unique line can be drawn through two points,so you have enough information to draw the budget line.Example:Laurel consumes onlyale and bread.If she spends all of her income,she can just afford 20bottles of ale and 5loaves of bread.Another commoditybundle that she can afford if she spends her entire income is 10bottles of ale and 10loaves of bread.If the price of ale is 1dollar per bottle,how much moneydoes she have to spend?You could solve this problem graphically.Measure ale on the horizontal axis and bread on the vertical axis.Plot the two points,(20,5)and (10,10),that you know to be on the budget line.Draw the straight line between these points and extend the line to the horizontal axis.This point denotes the amount of6BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)ale Laurel can afford if she spends all of her moneyon ale.Since ale costs 1dollar a bottle,her income in dollars is equal to the largest number of bottles she can afford.Alternatively,you can reason as follows.Since the bundles (20,5)and (10,10)cost the same,it must be that giving up 10bottles of ale makes her able to afford an extra 5loaves of bread.So bread costs twice as much as ale.The price of ale is 1dollar,so the price of bread is 2dollars.The bundle (20,5)costs as much as her income.Therefore her income must be 20×1+5×2=30.When you have completed this workout,we hope that you will be able to do the following:•Write an equation for the budget line and draw the budget set on a graph when you are given prices and income or when you are given two points on the budget line.•Graph the effects of changes in prices and income on budget sets.•Understand the concept of numeraire and know what happens to the budget set when income and all prices are multiplied bythe same positive amount.•Know what the budget set looks like if one or more of the prices is negative.•See that the idea of a “budget set”can be applied to constrained choices where there are other constraints on what you can have,in addition to a constraint on moneyexpenditure.NAME 72.1(0)You have an income of $40to spend on two -modity1costs $10per unit,and commodity2costs $5per unit.(a)Write down your budget equation.10x 1+5x 2=40.(b)If you spent all your income on commodity 1,how much could you buy?4.(c)If you spent all of your income on commodity 2,how much could you buy?8.Use blue ink to draw your budget line in the graphbelow.02468246x1x28(d)Suppose that the price of commodity1falls to $5while every thing else stays the same.Write down your new budget equation.5x 1+5x 2=40.On the graph above,use red ink to draw your new budget line.(e)Suppose that the amount you are allowed to spend falls to $30,while the prices of both commodities remain at $5.Write down your budget equation.5x 1+5x 2=30.Use black ink to draw this budget line.(f)On your diagram,use blue ink to shade in the area representing com-moditybundles that y ou can afford with the budget in Part (e)but could not afford to buywith the budget in Part (a).Use black ink or pencil to shade in the area representing commoditybundles that y ou could afford with the budget in Part (a)but cannot afford with the budget in Part (e).2.2(0)On the graph below,draw a budget line for each case.8BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)(a)p 1=1,p 2=1,m =15.(Use blue ink.)(b)p 1=1,p 2=2,m =20.(Use red ink.)(c)p 1=0,p 2=1,m =10.(Use black ink.)(d)p 1=p 2,m =15p 1.(Use pencil or black ink.Hint:How much of good 1couldyou afford if you spend your entire budget on good 1?)0510152051015x1x2202.3(0)Your budget is such that if you spend your entire income,youcan afford either 4units of good x and 6units of good y or 12units of x and 2units of y .(a)Mark these two consumption bundles and draw the budget line in the graph below.04812164812xy 16(b)What is the ratio of the price of x to the price of y ?1/2.(c)If you spent all of your income on x ,how much x could you buy?16.(d)If you spent all of your income on y ,how much y could you buy?8.(e)Write a budget equation that gives you this budget line,where the price of x is 1.x +2y =16.(f)Write another budget equation that gives you the same budget line,but where the price of x is 3.3x +6y =48.2.4(1)Murphywas consuming 100units of X and 50units of Y .Theprice of X rose from 2to 3.The price of Y remained at 4.(a)How much would Murphy’s income have to rise so that he can still exactlyafford 100units of X and 50units of Y ?$100.2.5(1)If Amyspent her entire allowance,she could afford 8candybars and 8comic books a week.She could also just afford 10candybars and 4comic books a week.The price of a candybar is 50cents.Draw her budget line in the box below.What is Amy’s weekly allowance?$6.0816243281624Candy barsComic books3212 2.6(0)In a small countrynear the Baltic Sea,there are onlythree commodities:potatoes,meatballs,and jam.Prices have been remark-ablystable for the last 50y ears or so.Potatoes cost 2crowns per sack,meatballs cost 4crowns per crock,and jam costs 6crowns per jar.(a)Write down a budget equation for a citizen named Gunnar who has an income of 360crowns per year.Let P stand for the number of sacks of potatoes,M for the number of crocks of meatballs,and J for the number of jars of jam consumed byGunnar in a y ear.2P +4M +6J =360.(b)The citizens of this countryare in general veryclever people,but they are not good at multiplying by 2.This made shopping for potatoes excru-ciatinglydifficult for manycitizens.Therefore it was decided to introduce a new unit of currency,such that potatoes would be the numeraire.A sack of potatoes costs one unit of the new currencywhile the same rel-ative prices applyas in the past.In terms of the new currency ,what is the price of meatballs?2crowns.(c)In terms of the new currency,what is the price of jam?3crowns.(d)What would Gunnar’s income in the new currencyhave to be for him to be exactlyable to afford the same commoditybundles that he could afford before the change?180crowns.(e)Write down Gunnar’s new budget equation.P +2M +3J =180.Is Gunnar’s budget set anydifferent than it was before the change?No.2.7(0)Edmund Stench consumes two commodities,namelygarbage and punk rock video cassettes.He doesn’t actuallyeat the former but keeps it in his backy ard where it is eaten bybillygoats and assorted vermin.The reason that he accepts the garbage is that people payhim $2per sack for taking it.Edmund can accept as much garbage as he wishes at that price.He has no other source of income.Video cassettes cost him $6each.(a)If Edmund accepts zero sacks of garbage,how manyvideo cassettescan he buy?0.NAME 11(b)If he accepts 15sacks of garbage,how manyvideo cassettes can he buy?5.(c)Write down an equation for his budget line.6C −2G =0.(d)Draw Edmund’s budget line and shade in his budget set.0510152051015Video cassettesGarbage 202.8(0)If you think Edmund is odd,consider his brother Emmett.Emmett consumes speeches bypoliticians and universityadministrators.He is paid $1per hour for listening to politicians and $2per hour for listening to universityadministrators.(Emmett is in great demand to help fill emptychairs at public lectures because of his distinguished appearance and his abilityto refrain from making rude noises.)Emmett consumes one good for which he must pay.We have agreed not to disclose what that good is,but we can tell you that it costs $15per unit and we shall call it Good X .In additionto what he is paid for consuming speeches,Emmett receives a pension of $50per week.0255075100255075Politician speechesAdministrator speeches10012BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)(a)Write down a budget equation stating those combinations of the three commodities,Good X ,hours of speeches bypoliticians (P ),and hours of speeches byuniversityadministrators (A )that Emmett could afford to consume per week.15X −1P −2A =50.(b)On the graph above,draw a two-dimensional diagram showing the locus of consumptions of the two kinds of speeches that would be possible for Emmett if he consumed 10units of Good X per week.2.9(0)Jonathan Livingstone Yuppie is a prosperous lawyer.He has,in his own words,“outgrown those confining two-commoditylim-its.”Jonathan consumes three goods,unblended Scotch whiskey,de-signer tennis shoes,and meals in French gourmet restaurants.The price of Jonathan’s brand of whiskeyis $20per bottle,the price of designer tennis shoes is $80per pair,and the price of gourmet restaurant meals is $50per meal.After he has paid his taxes and alimony,Jonathan has $400a week to spend.(a)Write down a budget equation for Jonathan,where W stands for the number of bottles of whiskey,T stands for the number of pairs of tennis shoes,and M for the number of gourmet restaurant meals that he consumes.20W +80T +50M =400.(b)Draw a three-dimensional diagram to show his budget bel the intersections of the budget set with each axis.(c)Suppose that he determines that he will buyone pair of designer tennis shoes per week.What equation must be satisfied bythe combinations of restaurant meals and whiskeythat he could afford?20W +50M =320.2.10(0)Martha is preparing for exams in economics and sociology.She has time to read 40pages of economics and 30pages of sociology.In the same amount of time she could also read 30pages of economics and 60pages of sociology.(a)Assuming that the number of pages per hour that she can read of either subject does not depend on how she allocates her time,how many pages of sociologycould she read if she decided to spend all of her time on sociologyand none on economics?150pages.(Hint:You have two points on her budget line,so you should be able to determine the entire line.)(b)How manypages of economics could she read if she decided to spend all of her time reading economics?50pages.2.11(1)HarryHy pe has $5,000to spend on advertising a new kind ofdehydrated sushi.Market research shows that the people most likely to buythis new product are recent recipients of M.B.A.degrees and lawy ers who own hot tubs.Harryis considering advertising in two publications,a boring business magazine and a trendyconsumer publication for people who wish theylived in California.Fact 1:Ads in the boring business magazine cost $500each and ads in the consumer magazine cost $250each.Fact 2:Each ad in the business magazine will be read by1,000recent M.B.A.’s and 300lawyers with hot tubs.Fact 3:Each ad in the consumer publication will be read by300recent M.B.A.’s and 250lawyers who own hot tubs.Fact 4:Nobodyreads more than one ad,and nobodywho reads one magazine reads the other.(a)If Harryspends his entire advertising budget on the business pub-lication,his ad will be read by10,000recent M.B.A.’s and by3,000lawyers with hot tubs.(b)If he spends his entire advertising budget on the consumer publication,his ad will be read by 6,000recent M.B.A.’s and by5,000lawyers with hot tubs.(c)Suppose he spent half of his advertising budget on each publication.His ad would be read by 8,000recent M.B.A.’s and by4,000lawyers with hot tubs.(d)Draw a “budget line”showing the combinations of number of readings byrecent M.B.A.’s and bylawy ers with hot tubs that he can obtain if he spends his entire advertising budget.Does this line extend all the way to the axes?No.Sketch,shade in,and label the budget set,which includes all the combinations of MBA’s and lawyers he can reach if he spends no more than his budget.(e)Let M stand for the number of instances of an ad being read byan M.B.A.and L stand for the number of instances of an ad being read by a lawyer.This budget line is a line segment that lies on the line with equation M +2L =16.With a fixed advertising budget,how manyreadings byM.B.A.’s must he sacrifice to get an additional reading bya lawy er with a hot tub?2.04812164812Lawyers x 1000MBA's x 10001610262.12(0)On the planet Mungo,theyhave two kinds of money ,blue moneyand red money .Everycommodityhas two prices—a red-money price and a blue-moneyprice.EveryMungoan has two incomes—a red income and a blue income.In order to buyan object,a Mungoan has to paythat object’s red-moneyprice in red moneyand its blue-moneyprice in blue money .(The shops simplyhave two cash registers,and y ou have to payat both registers to buyan object.)It is forbidden to trade one kind of moneyfor the other,and this prohibition is strictlyenforced byMungo’s ruthless and efficient monetarypolice.•There are just two consumer goods on Mungo,ambrosia and bubble gum.All Mungoans prefer more of each good to less.•The blue prices are 1bcu (bcu stands for blue currencyunit)per unit of ambrosia and 1bcu per unit of bubble gum.•The red prices are 2rcus (red currencyunits)per unit of ambrosia and 6rcus per unit of bubble gum.(a)On the graph below,draw the red budget (with red ink)and the blue budget (with blue ink)for a Mungoan named Harold whose blue income is 10and whose red income is 30.Shade in the “budget set”containing all of the commoditybundles that Harold can afford,givenNAME 15its ∗two budget constraints.Remember,Harold has to have enough blue money and enough red moneyto payboth the blue-moneycost and the red-moneycost of a bundle ofgoods.0510152051015AmbrosiaGum 20(b)Another Mungoan,Gladys,faces the same prices that Harold faces and has the same red income as Harold,but Gladys has a blue income of 20.Explain how it is that Gladys will not spend its entire blue income no matter what its tastes maybe.(Hint Draw Glady s’s budget lines.)The blue budget line lies strictlyoutside the red budget line,so to satisfyboth budgets,one must be strictlyinside the red budget line.(c)A group of radical economic reformers on Mungo believe that the currencyrules are unfair.“Whyshould every one have to paytwo prices for every thing?”theyask.Theypropose the following scheme.Mungo will continue to have two currencies,everygood will have a blue price and a red price,and everyMungoan will have a blue income and a red income.But nobodyhas to payboth prices.Instead,every one on Mungo must declare itself to be either a Blue-MoneyPurchaser (a “Blue”)or a Red-Money Purchaser (a “Red”)before it buys anything at all.Blues must make all of their purchases in blue moneyat the blue prices,spending onlytheir blue incomes.Reds must make all of their purchases in red money,spending only their red incomes.Suppose that Harold has the same income after this reform,and that prices do not change.Before declaring which kind of purchaser it will be,∗We refer to all Mungoans bythe gender-neutral pronoun,“it.”Al-though Mungo has two sexes,neither of them is remotelylike either of ours.16BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)Harold contemplates the set of commoditybundles that it could afford bymaking one declaration or the other.Let us call a commoditybundle “attainable”if Harold can afford it bydeclaring itself to be a “Blue”and buying the bundle with blue money or if Harold can afford the bundle bydeclaring itself to be a “Red”and buy ing it with red money .On the diagram below,shade in all of the attainable bundles.0510152051015AmbrosiaGum202.13(0)Are Mungoan budgets reallyso fanciful?Can y ou think of sit-uations on earth where people must simultaneouslysatisfymore than onebudget constraint?Is moneythe onlyscarce resource that people use up when consuming?Consumption of manycommoditiestakes time as well as money.People have to simultaneouslysatisfya time budget and a moneybudget.Other examples--people mayhave a calorie budget or a cholesterol budget or an alcohol-intake budget.Chapter 3NAMEPreferencesIntroduction.In the previous section you learned how to use graphs toshow the set of commoditybundles that a consumer can afford.In this section,you learn to put information about the consumer’s preferences on the same kind of graph.Most of the problems ask you to draw indifference curves.Sometimes we give you a formula for the indifference curve.Then all you have to do is graph a known equation.But in some problems,we give you only “qualitative”information about the consumer’s preferences and ask you to sketch indifference curves that are consistent with this information.This requires a little more thought.Don’t be surprised or disappointed if you cannot immediately see the answer when you look at a problem,and don’t expect that you will find the answers hiding somewhere in your textbook.The best way we know to find answers is to “think and doodle.”Draw some axes on scratch paper and label them,then mark a point on your graph and ask yourself,“What other points on the graph would the consumer find indifferent to this point?”If possible,draw a curve connecting such points,making sure that the shape of the line you draw reflects the features required by the problem.This gives you one indifference curve.Now pick another point that is preferred to the first one you drew and draw an indifference curve through it.Example:Jocasta loves to dance and hates housecleaning.She has strictly convex preferences.She prefers dancing to anyother activityand never gets tired of dancing,but the more time she spends cleaning house,the less happyshe is.Let us tryto draw an indifference curve that is consistent with her preferences.There is not enough information here to tell us exactlywhere her indifference curves go,but there is enough information to determine some things about their shape.Take a piece of scratch paper and draw a pair of bel the horizontal axis “Hours per dayof housecleaning.”Label the vertical axis “Hours per dayof dancing.”Mark a point a little ways up the vertical axis and write a 4next to it.At this point,she spends 4hours a daydancing and no time housecleaning.Other points that would be indifferent to this point would have to be points where she did more dancing and more housecleaning.The pain of the extra housekeeping should just compensate for the pleasure of the extra dancing.So an indifference curve for Jocasta must be upward sloping.Because she loves dancing and hates housecleaning,it must be that she prefers all the points above this indifference curve to all of the points on or below it.If Jocasta has strictlyconvex preferences,then it must be that if you draw a line between any two points on the same indifference curve,all the points on the line (except the endpoints)are preferred to the endpoints.For this to be the case,it must be that the indifference curve slopes upward ever more steeplyas y ou move to the right along it.You should convince yourself of this by making some drawings on scratch18PREFERENCES (Ch.3)paper.Draw an upward-sloping curve passing through the point (0,4)and getting steeper as one moves to the right.When you have completed this workout,we hope that you will be able to do the following:•Given the formula for an indifference curve,draw this curve,and find its slope at anypoint on the curve.•Determine whether a consumer prefers one bundle to another or is indifferent between them,given specific indifference curves.•Draw indifference curves for the special cases of perfect substitutes and perfect complements.•Draw indifference curves for someone who dislikes one or both com-modities.•Draw indifference curves for someone who likes goods up to a point but who can get “too much”of one or more goods.•Identifyweaklypreferred sets and determine whether these are con-vex sets and whether preferences are convex.•Know what the marginal rate of substitution is and be able to deter-mine whether an indifference curve exhibits “diminishing marginal rate of substitution.”•Determine whether a preference relation or anyother relation be-tween pairs of things is transitive,whether it is reflexive,and whether it is complete.3.1(0)Charlie likes both apples and bananas.He consumes nothing else.The consumption bundle where Charlie consumes x A bushels of apples per year and x B bushels of bananas per year is written as (x A ,x B ).Last year,Charlie consumed 20bushels of apples and 5bushels of bananas.It happens that the set of consumption bundles (x A ,x B )such that Charlie is indifferent between (x A ,x B )and (20,5)is the set of all bundles such that x B =100/x A .The set of bundles (x A ,x B )such that Charlie is just indifferent between (x A ,x B )and the bundle (10,15)is the set of bundles such that x B =150/x A .(a)On the graph below,plot several points that lie on the indifference curve that passes through the point (20,5),and sketch this curve,using blue ink.Do the same,using red ink,for the indifference curve passing through the point (10,15).(b)Use pencil to shade in the set of commoditybundles that Charlie weaklyprefers to the bundle (10,15).Use blue ink to shade in the set of commoditybundles such that Charlie weaklyprefers (20,5)to these bundles.NAME 19010203040102030ApplesBananas 40For each of the following statements about Charlie’s preferences,write “true”or “false.”(c)(30,5)∼(10,15).True.(d)(10,15) (20,5).True.(e)(20,5) (10,10).True.(f)(24,4) (11,9.1).False.(g)(11,14) (2,49).True.(h)A set is convex if for anytwo points in the set,the line segment between them is also in the set.Is the set of bundles that Charlie weakly prefers to (20,5)a convex set?Yes.(i)Is the set of bundles that Charlie considers inferior to (20,5)a convex set?No.(j)The slope of Charlie’s indifference curve through a point,(x A ,x B ),is known as his marginalrateofsubstitutionat that point.20PREFERENCES (Ch.3)(k)Remember that Charlie’s indifference curve through the point (10,10)has the equation x B =100/x A .Those of you who know calculus will remember that the slope of a curve is just its derivative,which in this case is −100/x 2A .(If you don’t know calculus,you will have to take our word for this.)Find Charlie’s marginal rate of substitution at the point,(10,10).−1.(l)What is his marginal rate of substitution at the point (5,20)?−4.(m)What is his marginal rate of substitution at the point (20,5)?(−.25).(n)Do the indifference curves you have drawn for Charlie exhibit dimin-ishing marginal rate of substitution?Yes.3.2(0)Ambrose consumes onlynuts and berries.Fortunately ,he likes both goods.The consumption bundle where Ambrose consumes x 1units of nuts per week and x 2units of berries per week is written as (x 1,x 2).The set of consumption bundles (x 1,x 2)such that Ambrose is indifferent between (x 1,x 2)and (1,16)is the set of bundles such that x 1≥0,x 2≥0,and x 2=20−4√x 1.The set of bundles (x 1,x 2)such that (x 1,x 2)∼(36,0)is the set of bundles such that x 1≥0,x 2≥0and x 2=24−4√x 1.(a)On the graph below,plot several points that lie on the indifference curve that passes through the point (1,16),and sketch this curve,using blue ink.Do the same,using red ink,for the indifference curve passing through the point (36,0).(b)Use pencil to shade in the set of commoditybundles that Ambrose weaklyprefers to the bundle (1,16).Use red ink to shade in the set of all commoditybundles (x 1,x 2)such that Ambrose weaklyprefers (36,0)to these bundles.Is the set of bundles that Ambrose prefers to (1,16)a convex set?Yes.(c)What is the slope of Ambrose’s indifference curve at the point (9,8)?(Hint Recall from calculus the wayto calculate the slope of a curve.If you don’t know calculus,you will have to draw your diagram carefully and estimate the slope.)−2/3.。
中级微观经济学练习
中级微观经济学练习题1、吴兵有一份每小时￥15的工作，如果他每周工作超过40小时，他将得到50%的超时奖金，即工资上升到￥22.5元/小时。
他只偏好单一商品消费和娱乐，而且他每周可以利用80小时（另外88小时用于睡觉和路途）。
假定单一商品的价格是￥6/单位。
请画出他的预算线。
2、某个消费者的效用函数为U(x1,x2)=x12x2。
令P1,P2与m分别表示商品1的价格、商品2的价格和收入。
（1）如果m=24, p1=1, p2=1 , 现在P1的价格上升为2，求此消费者关于商品1的斯勒茨基替代效应和收入效应。
（2）请根据计算，验证恩格尔加总规则。
3、消费者对（x1，x2）的效用函数是拟线性的效用函数U＝x1＋x21/2，x1的价格为1，x2的价格为p2，消费者的收入为m。
（1）求x1，x2的需求函数（2）收入变化是否影响对x1和x2的消费？（3）设m＝100，p2从1变化到2，计算该消费者从消费x2商品获得的消费者剩余的变化？4、设消费者对（x1,x2）的效用函数是U=x1+x2，x1的价格为2，x2的价格为1。
消费者的收入是m=100.（1）计算当p1从2变为1/2时对x1的需求的变化。
（2）计算该变化的斯勒茨基替代效应和收入效应，并用图表示出来。
5、利用效用函数u(x1,x2)=x11/3x21/2,预算约束m=p1x1+p2x2。
计算X(p,m),γ(p,m),h(p,u)和e(p,u)6、假设一个人对面包（y）和可乐（x）的偏好可以用下列效用函数来表达，U(x1,x2)=x11/2x21/2。
初始状态下，p x=1/2, p y=2，m=4。
现在假设可乐的价格p x由1/2上升到2，计算由于p x变化引起的补偿性变化CV 、等值性变化EV 。
7、消费者的效用函数为u=(c 1,c 2)=c 10.4·c 20.6 。
在第一期和第二期的收入分别为100元和180元，利率为r 。
求：（1）第一期和第二期的消费分别为多少？（2）r 取什么值时，该消费者在第一期将储蓄、贷款或不借贷。
中级微观经济学习题集
一、解释下列概念 1、消费束，2、预算集，3、偏好，4、无差异曲线，5、边际替代率，6、效用， 7、效用函数，8、边际效用，9、消费者需求，10、需求函数，11、市场需求，12、瓦 尔拉斯需求函数，13、希克斯需求函数，14、间接效用函数，15、支出函数，16 对偶 性问题，17、可积性问题。 二、简答下列各题 1、偏好关系公理，2、无差异曲线的性质，3、边际替代率递减规律，4、边际效 用递减规律及其对需求曲线形状的影响，5、罗伊等式，6、谢伯德引理，7、显示性偏 好弱公理，8、显示性偏好强公理，9、消费者效用最大化的一阶条件，10、消费者支 出最小化的一阶条件。 三、论述下列各题 1、分析并比较税收、补贴和配给对预算集、预算线的影响。 2、偏好关系凸性假设及其经济意义。 3、基数效用论与序数效用论下消费者均衡分析框架的异同。 4、对偶性原理。 5、可积性问题求解的基本思路。 四、计算下列各题 1、根据下面的描述，画出消费者的无差异曲线。
第一章 微观经济学概论
一、解释下列概念 1、均衡，2、需求均衡，3、供给均衡，4、市场均衡、5、边际分析方法，6、弹 性分析方法，7、效应分析方法，8、博弈分析方法。 二、简答下列各题 1、微观经济活动过程，2、经济人假设，3、市场均衡的条件 三、论述下列各题 1、比较分析古典经济学、新古典经济学、凯恩斯经济学的差异。 2、微观经济学的研究范式。 3、微观经济学的理论体系。
河北经贸大学研究生教学参考资料
中级微观经济学习题集
彭国富编
河北经贸大学 2012 年 10 月
1
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线生高0不产中仅工资2艺料22高试2可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料2荷试2，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时2卷，32调需3各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看工且25作尽52下可22都能护可地1关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编试求5写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备置。4高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并设3试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线生高0不产中仅工资2艺料22高试2可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料2荷试2，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时2卷，32调需3各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看工且25作尽52下可22都能护可地1关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编试求5写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备置。4高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并设3试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
范里安中级微观经济学习题集答案
范里安中级微观经济学习题集答案在范里安中级微观经济学习题集中，以下是答案解析：1. 供给和需求对于供给和需求的理解，我们可以从市场上某个商品的定价和交易量来进行分析。
供给表示某个商品或服务在一定时间内，卖方愿意以不同价格提供的数量。
需求表示某个商品或服务在一定时间内，买方愿意以不同价格购买的数量。
供给和需求的交互作用决定了市场上商品的价格和交易量。
在供需关系中，如果供给增加，需求不变，价格会下降，交易量会增加。
相反，如果供给减少，需求不变，价格会上升，交易量会减少。
如果需求增加，供给不变，价格会上升，交易量会增加。
相反，如果需求减少，供给不变，价格会下降，交易量会减少。
2. 市场均衡市场均衡是指在供求关系下，商品的价格和交易量达到一种稳定状态的情况。
当供给和需求达到均衡时，市场上的商品价格不再发生明显的变化。
市场均衡是通过供给曲线和需求曲线的相交来确定的。
在市场均衡的状态下，供给量等于需求量，市场价格也就是均衡价格。
这个均衡价格和交易量反映了供需双方的心理预期。
3. 稀缺性和选择稀缺性是指人们的需求超过可用资源的总量。
由于资源是有限的，人们不得不做出选择。
选择性是指在有限的资源下，人们必须做出取舍来满足自己的需求。
例如，一个人在有限的时间内可以选择看电视、读书还是锻炼身体。
人们在做出选择时，会比较不同选择之间的成本和收益，并选择能够最大化收益的选项。
4. 机会成本机会成本是指在做出某种选择时，放弃的最好的替代选择所产生的成本。
换句话说，机会成本是指因选择某种行动而放弃的下一最有价值的选择。
例如，一个人在选择上班的同时，放弃了进行休闲娱乐的时间。
这段放弃休闲娱乐的时间的价值就是他的机会成本。
5. 弹性在微观经济学中，弹性是指需求或供给对价格或收入变化的敏感程度。
需求弹性分为价格弹性和收入弹性。
价格弹性衡量了需求对价格变化的敏感程度，收入弹性衡量了需求对收入变化的敏感程度。
供给弹性衡量了供给对价格变化的敏感程度。
中级微观经济学习题集
1、分析保险市场的逆向选择问题。
2、总结信号传递博弈的分析框架。
3、分析委托代理理论的现实意义。
6、设效用函数为 ，其中， 。求对应的希克斯需求函数。
第三章 需求分析
一、解释下列概念
1、需求价格弹性，2、需求收入弹性，3、需求交叉弹性，4、替代效应，5、收入效应，6、斯勒茨基方程，7、期望效用函数，8、货币彩票的的期望，9、确定性等价，10、风险溢价，11、用货币度量的效用函数，12、消费者剩余，13、等价变化，14、补偿变化
（3）请计算出价格变化的收入效应。
5、假设效用函数为 ，其中，Q为商品的消费量，M为消费者收入。求：（1）需求函数。（2）P=0.05，Q=25时的消费者剩余。
第四章 技术与生产
一、解释下列概念
1、生产集，2、转换函数，3、生产函数，4、边际技术替代率，5、替代弹性，6、产出弹性，7、生产力弹性，8、成本函数，9、条件要素需求函数，10、成本弹性，11、支出弹性，12、利润弹性，13、利润函数，14、要素需求函数。
乙
甲
左
中
右
上
2，0
1，1
4，2
中
3，4
1，2
2，3
下
1，3
0，2
3，0
2、考虑一个二人序贯博弈，局中人甲先行动，它可以在“上”或“下”中选择其一；局中人乙看到对方行动之后决定选“左”或者“右”。如果甲选“上”，乙选“左”时双方的支付向量为（2，1），选“右”时是（0，0）；如果甲选“下”，乙作何选择都无关紧要，双方的支付都是（1，2）。要求：
二、简答下列各题
1、占优战略均衡，2、纳什均衡，3、混合战略纳什均衡，4、子博弈精炼纳什均衡，5、无名氏定理，6、贝叶斯纳什均衡，7、精炼贝叶斯纳什均衡。
中级微观经济学第一章及第二章练习题
中级微观经济学第一章及第二章练习题1 设想一个生产军用品和消费品的社会,我们把这些物品称为大炮和黄油。
画出大炮和黄油的生产可能性边界。
解释为什么这条线是向外凸出的标出这个经济不可能实现的一点。
标出可以实现但是无效率的一点(3)设想这个社会有两个政党,称为“鹰党”(想拥有强大军事力量)和“鸽党”(想有较小的军事力量)。
表示出“鹰党”会选择的一点和“鸽党”会选择的一点。
(4)假设一个侵略成性的邻国减少了军事力量。
结果“鹰党”和“鸽党”都等量的减少了自己的大炮生产。
用黄油的生产来衡量,哪个党会得到更大的“和平红利”?并解释2 假设一个经济由甲、乙、丙三个工人组成。
每个工人每天工作10个小时,并可以提供两种服务:割草和洗汽车。
在一个小时内,甲可以割一块草地或洗一辆汽车;乙可以割一块草地或洗两辆汽车;丙可以割两块草地或洗一辆汽车。
(1)计算在以下情况时,各能提供多少每种服务A 三个人把他们所有的时间都用于割草B 三个人把他们所有的时间都用于洗汽车C 三个人分别把一半时间用于两种活动D 甲分别把一半时间用于两种活动,而乙只洗汽车,丙只割草(2)画出这个经济的生产可能性边界。
用你对上一个问题的回答来确定图形上的A,B,C, D点(3)哪一种配置是无效率的?3 下列几种情况时某种蘑菇的需求曲线的移动方向,左移?右移?还是不变?(1)卫生组织发布一份报告,称这种蘑菇会致癌(2)另一种蘑菇的价格上涨了(3)消费者的收入增加了(4)培育蘑菇个人的工资提高了4 下列事件对产品X的供给有何影响(1)生产X的技术有重大革新(2)在产品X的行业内,企业数目减少了(3)生产X的人工和原材料价格上涨了(4)预计产品X的价格会下降5 若已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为Q=50-5P,供给函数为Q=-10+5P。
(1)求均衡价格P和均衡数量Q(2)假设供给函数不变,由于消费者收入水平提高,使需求函数变为Q=60-5P,求相应的均衡价格和均衡数量(3)假设需求函数不变,由于生产技术水平的提高,使供给函数变为Q=-5+5P(4)利用1、2、3,说明静态分析和比较静态分析的联系和区别(5)利用1、2、3,说明需求变动和供给变动对均衡价格和均衡数量的影响6 假定下表是需求函数Q=500-100P在一定价格范围内的需求表价格12345需求量400300200100(1)求出价格2元和4元之间的需求的价格弧弹性(2)根据给出的需求函数,求P=2元时的需求的价格点弹性(3)根据该需求函数或需求表作出几何图形,利用几何方法求出P=2元时的需求的价格点弹性。
中级微观经济学习题
《中级微观经济学》习题第一章 绪论1、英国古典经济学家大卫·李嘉图在《政治经济学及税赋原理》一书中认为，市场经济是商业完全自由的经济制度，如果没有外在干预的影响，它会自然地、有序地发展下去。
李嘉图指出：“在没有政府的干预时，农业、商业和制造业最为繁荣。
”国家需要做的全部事情，就是避免一切干预，既不要鼓励生产的一个源泉，也不要抑制另一个源泉。
对此观点，你有什么看法？请予以系统论述。
2、微观经济学研究极大满足人类需要的方式，但这真的是一个切合实际的目标吗？比如，假设人民需要不好的东西，如吸毒、酗酒等等。
尽可能满足人们的这些需要仍是切合实际的吗？微观经济学对人们的需要的假设有什么问题？你认为应怎样改进？3、对大多数经济政策问题，人们可以发现经济学家之间存在很大的分歧，这能证明经济学不是一门科学吗？4、在评价经济学家的论述的准确性时，你是否能够区分：（1）经济学家的那些论述是描述性的？（2）那些是它们关于究竟应采取何种政策的论述。
5、西方有一种“奥卡姆剃刀”原则：如无必要，勿增实体。
如果两个模型预测的准确度相同，我们应选择不太复杂的那个？你是否赞成这种观点？你如何去判断一个模型的复杂程度？6、为什么一个不能通过经验事实来验证的理论不是一个好的理论？第二章 供给和需求的基本原理1、需求的价格弹性有哪些类型？它们是怎样划分的？2、什么是价格控制？政府干预市场价格的后果是什么？3、短期弹性与长期弹性的区别？4、影响需求弹性与价格弹性的因素分别有哪些？5、假定需求函数为N MP Q -=，其中M 不是收入，P 表示水平价格，N （N>0）为常数。
求：需求的价格点弹性和需求的收入点弹性。
6、若某商品市场是有100个消费者，其中，60个消费者购买该市场1/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为3；另外40个消费者购买该市场2/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为6。
求：按照100个消费者合计的需求的价格弹性是多少？7、画图说明蛛网模型的三种情况。
中级微观经济学习题
中级微观经济学习题习题课21.假定消费者的收入为m，他要消费两种商品1和2，其价格分别为p1和p2,。
这个消费者的效用函数为：U(x1,x2)=x12+4x22其中，x1和x2分别为这两种商品的消费量，请计算消费者的消费决策。
2.某人仅消费x和y两种商品，其效用函数为：U=50x?0.5x2+100y?y2其收入I=672，P x=4。
（1）推导出此人对y的需求函数。
（2）如果P y=14。
，此人将消费多少x。
+100/m，3.假设某个学生的月收入为m=1000元，他对面包的需求函数为x(p,m)=20p 面包的价格p=4。
（1）当价格从4上涨为5时，为使该学生买得起面包消费量，他的收入应当增加多少？（2）计算斯勒茨基替代效应。
（3）请计算收入效应。
4.某消费者的效用函数为：U=xy其中，P x=1，P y=2，收入m=40,。
现在如果商品y的价格下降到1，请回答下列问题：（1）y 价格下降的替代效应应使y 的购买量变化多少？（2）y 价格下降的收入效应应使y 的购买量变化多少？5. 假定一个消费者的效用函数为：U (x 1,x 2)=x 11/2x 21/2他开始面对的价格是（1,1），所有的收入是100。
然后商品1的价格上升到2，问补偿变化和等价变化各是多少。
6. 已知112212u x x =，m=100，110p =,25p =; （1）求效用最大化下的1x 和2x（2）当商品1价格下降为15p =时，求收入效应和替代效应7. 某消费者消费X 和Y 两种商品的效用函数为U=X 2Y 3，消费者收入M 为100。
（1）求该消费者对X 商品的需求函数；（2）若Y 商品的价格为P Y =3，求当X 商品的价格P X 由2 变为1时产生的替代效应和收入效应。
中级微观经济学课后习题
第2章预算约束1.消费者的最初预算线是p1x1+p2x2=m。
接着，商品1的价格提高了1倍，商品2的价格提高了7倍，收入增加了3倍。
根据原先的价格和收入写出新的预算线的方程。
2.如果商品2的价格上涨了，而商品1的价格和收入保持不变，预算线会有什么变化？3.如果商品1的价格上涨了1倍，商品2的价格上涨了2倍，预算线是变得平缓了还是变得陡峭了？4.计价物的定义是什么?5.假设政府起初对每加仑汽油征税15美分，后来，又决定对每加仑汽油补贴7美分。
这两种方法混合运用后的税收是多少？6.假设预算方程是p1x1+p2x2=m。
如果政府决定征收u单位的总额税、对商品1征收t单位的从量税，以及对商品2进行从量补贴s，新预算线的公式是什么？7.如果消费者的收入增加了，同时有一种商品的价格下降了，那么消费者的境况会与原来一样好吗？1.如果我们有一次看到，某消费者在（y1,y2）可以同时得到的情况下选择了（x1,x2）,那么，（x1,x2）>（y1,y2）的结论正确吗？2.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“至少和…一样高”，比如“A至少和B一样高”。
这样的关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？3.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“严格高于”。
这样的关系是传递的吗？是反身的吗？是完备的吗？4.某大学橄榄球教练说，任意给定两个前锋比如 A和B，他永远偏好身材更高大和速度更快的那个。
他的这种偏好关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？5.某条无差异曲线能否与自身相交？例如，图3.2能否是一条无差异曲线而不是两条？6.如果偏好是单调的，能否把图3.2看成一条无差异曲线而不是两条？7.如果辣香肠和凤尾鱼都是厌恶品，那么无差异曲线的斜率为正还是负？8.解释为什么凸偏好意味着“平均束好于端点束”。
11.举例说明你的偏好在什么样的情形下为凹的。
1.课文中说，将某数字变为它的奇次幂是一种单调变换。
那么，将其变为它的偶次幂是单调变换吗？（提示：要考虑类似f(u)=u2的情形。
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河北经贸大学研究生教学参考资料中级微观经济学习题集彭国富编河北经贸大学2012年10月第一章微观经济学概论一、解释下列概念1、均衡，2、需求均衡，3、供给均衡，4、市场均衡、5、边际分析方法，6、弹性分析方法，7、效应分析方法，8、博弈分析方法。
二、简答下列各题1、微观经济活动过程，2、经济人假设，3、市场均衡的条件三、论述下列各题1、比较分析古典经济学、新古典经济学、凯恩斯经济学的差异。
2、微观经济学的研究范式。
3、微观经济学的理论体系。
第二章偏好与选择一、解释下列概念1、消费束，2、预算集，3、偏好，4、无差异曲线，5、边际替代率，6、效用，7、效用函数，8、边际效用，9、消费者需求，10、需求函数，11、市场需求，12、瓦尔拉斯需求函数，13、希克斯需求函数，14、间接效用函数，15、支出函数，16对偶性问题，17、可积性问题。
二、简答下列各题1、偏好关系公理，2、无差异曲线的性质，3、边际替代率递减规律，4、边际效用递减规律及其对需求曲线形状的影响，5、罗伊等式，6、谢伯德引理，7、显示性偏好弱公理，8、显示性偏好强公理，9、消费者效用最大化的一阶条件，10、消费者支出最小化的一阶条件。
三、论述下列各题1、分析并比较税收、补贴和配给对预算集、预算线的影响。
2、偏好关系凸性假设及其经济意义。
3、基数效用论与序数效用论下消费者均衡分析框架的异同。
4、对偶性原理。
5、可积性问题求解的基本思路。
四、计算下列各题1、根据下面的描述，画出消费者的无差异曲线。
（1）王力喜欢喝汽水x ，但是厌恶吃冰棍y 。
（2）李南既喜欢喝汽水x 又喜欢吃冰棍y ，但他认为三杯汽水和两根冰棍是无差异的。
（3）萧峰有个习惯，他每喝一杯汽水x 就要吃两根冰棍y ，当然汽水和冰棍对他而言是多多益善的。
（4）杨琳对于有无汽水x 喝毫不在意，但他喜欢吃冰棍y 。
2、假设某消费者的效用函数为U =X 和Y 表示两种商品，当效用为20单位、X 商品的消费量为5时，Y 商品的消费量是多少？这一商品消费组合对应的边际替代率是多少？如果这时的组合是达到消费者均衡的组合，那么X 和Y 两种商品的价格之比应为多少？3、已知效用函数为U X Y αβ=+，求商品的边际替代率MRS XY 和MRS YX ，并求当X 和Y 的数量分别为4和12时的边际替代率。
4、假设某消费者的效用函数为22(,)U U X Y X Y ==，消费者的预算线是X Y I P X P Y=+，试求该约束条件下的最优化问题，并推导出消费者均衡的一阶条件，再推导出用参数表示的X 和Y 的需求函数。
5、一个消费者每期收入为192元，他有两种商品可以选择：商品A 和B ，他对两种商品的效用函数为U A B =，PA 为12元，PB 为8元。
根据他的收入，他要购买多少数量的A 和B 才能获得最大效用，最大效用为多少？如果商品B 的价格上涨一倍，即16元，要满足他原来的效用水平，需要增加多少收入？6、设效用函数为11212(,)()u x x x x ρρρ=+，其中，01ρ≠<。
求对应的希克斯需求函数。
第三章 需求分析一、解释下列概念1、需求价格弹性，2、需求收入弹性，3、需求交叉弹性，4、替代效应，5、收入效应，6、斯勒茨基方程，7、期望效用函数，8、货币彩票的的期望，9、确定性等价，10、风险溢价，11、用货币度量的效用函数，12、消费者剩余，13、等价变化，14、补偿变化二、简答下列各题1、希克斯分解，2、斯勒茨基分解，3、理性偏好公理，4、期望效用定理，5、等价变化与补偿变化在消费者福利测度中的意义。
三、论述下列各题1、论述需求价格弹性与总收益之间的关系2、如何来判定决策者的风险偏好态度？3、风险规避程度度量的基本原理。
四、计算下列各题1、某企业产品的需求函数为150.15d Q P =-，P 为价格，该企业的经理试图将价格从目前的8元提高一些，当价格提高后总收益会如何变化？该企业是否应当提价？为什么？2、某企业面临的需求函数为200412d Q P I =-+，其中P 为价格、I 为收入。
设产品价格为25元，当人们的收入为2000元时，收入弹性是多少？该商品是正常品还是劣等品？为什么？3、张三通过市场调研得到三种产品A 、B 和C 的如下数据：当A 产品的价格提高1%，人们对B 产品的需求会增加2%，人们对C 产品的需求会减少1.5%。
试确定A 和B 及A 和C 之间的相互关系，并求出A 产品对B 产品及C 产品的交叉价格弹性。
4、已知一个消费者对牛奶的需求函数为：x=10+w/(10p),其中x 为一周内牛奶的消费量，w=120元为收入，p=3元（每桶），现在假定牛奶价格从3元降为2元。
问： （1）该价格变化对该消费者的需求总数应为多少？（即其牛奶消费会变化多少？） （2）请计算出价格变化的替代效应。
（提示：如该消费者维持原消费水平，降价会使他省出多少钱？现在他用多少钱就相当于原来的120元钱？） （3）请计算出价格变化的收入效应。
5、假设效用函数为0.52U Q M =+，其中，Q 为商品的消费量，M 为消费者收入。
求：（1）需求函数。
（2）P=0.05，Q=25时的消费者剩余。
第四章 技术与生产一、解释下列概念1、生产集，2、转换函数，3、生产函数，4、边际技术替代率，5、替代弹性，6、产出弹性，7、生产力弹性，8、成本函数，9、条件要素需求函数，10、成本弹性，11、支出弹性，12、利润弹性，13、利润函数，14、要素需求函数。
二、简答下列各题1、生产集的性质，2、成本函数的性质，3、谢伯特引理，4、霍泰林引理，5、厂商利润最大化的条件，6、厂商成本最小化的一阶条件。
三、论述下列各题1、论述规模收益的内涵、类型、判定方法及其成因。
2、比较分析要素需求函数与条件要素需求函数的产生背景及其经济意义。
四、计算下列各题1、生产函数为2Q K L 16L 18=-+-，工人工资为w=8，产品价格为p=1。
计算：（1）短期内K=2，最优劳动投入是多少？（2）最大平均产量的劳动投入为多少？此时的最大平均产量是多少？2、假定一家企业的生产函数为13y L =，产出品价格p=3，工资率w=4，固定资本成本为2。
问：（1）最优要素投入量L*。
（2）最优供给量y*。
（3）计算这家企业的利润量。
（4）这家企业应不应关闭？3、已知生产函数1212f (x ,x )0.5lnx 0.5x =+，求利润函数12,(w ,w p )π，并用两种方法求供给函数1,2y(w w ,p)。
4、已知成本函数为2C (Q )Q 5Q 4=++，求厂商供给函数S(p)与利润函数(p)π。
5、假定某厂商的生产函数是q = 。
（1）计算厂商的总成本为q,w,v ,与 的函数；（2）给定q,w 与v ，资本投入应如何加以选择以使成本最小化？第五章 博弈论一、解释下列概念1、行动，2、战略，3、支付，4、占优战略，5、纯战略，6、混合战略，7、子博弈，8、重复博弈，9、冷酷战略。
二、简答下列各题1、占优战略均衡，2、纳什均衡，3、混合战略纳什均衡，4、子博弈精炼纳什均衡，5、无名氏定理，6、贝叶斯纳什均衡，7、精炼贝叶斯纳什均衡。
三、论述下列各题1、论述海撒尼转换的思路与目的。
2、精炼内叶斯纳什均衡的求解原理。
3、比较经典均衡分析理论与博弈分析理论的异同。
四、计算下列各题1、一个两人同时博弈的支付竞争如下表所示，试求纳什均衡。
是否存在重复剔除2、考虑一个二人序贯博弈，局中人甲先行动，它可以在“上”或“下”中选择其一；局中人乙看到对方行动之后决定选“左”或者“右”。
如果甲选“上”，乙选“左”时双方的支付向量为（2，1），选“右”时是（0，0）；如果甲选“下”，乙作何选择都无关紧要，双方的支付都是（1，2）。
要求：（1）画出该博弈的博弈树，并找出它的两个纳什均衡；（2）求该博弈的子博弈精炼纳什均衡，解释另一个纳什均衡为什么不可能出现。
3、双寡头博弈中，市场反需求函数为()P Q a Q =-。
其中，12Q q q =+为市场总需求，但a 有H a 和L a 两种可能情况，并且厂商1知道a 究竟是H a 还是L a ，而厂商2只知道H a a =的概率是θ，L a a =的概率是1θ-，这种信息不对称情况是双方都了解的。
双方的总成本都是i i i c q cq =。
如果两厂商同时选择产量，本博弈的贝叶斯纳什均衡是什么？第六章 局部均衡一、解释下列概念1、局部均衡，2、以及价格歧视，3、二级价格歧视，4、三级价格歧视，5、边际成本定价，6、平均成本定价。
二、简答下列各题1、垄断厂商的定价策略，2、垄断者的政府管制措施，3、古诺模型，4、波特兰德模型，5、斯塔克伯格模型，6、串谋模型，7、豪泰林区位模型。
三、论述下列各题1、厂商的长期利润为什么会为零？2、论述垄断厂商价格歧视政策的经济学原理。
3、试从“串谋”的形式及其经济意义来解释串谋模型构建的基本原理。
四、计算下列各题1、在某垄断市场上，代表性厂商的长期成本函数为3252002700LTC Q Q Q =-+，市场的需求函数为2200100P A Q =-。
求在长期均衡时，代表性厂商的产量和产品价格。
2、双寡头市场上，厂商1的成本函数为118C Q =，厂商2的成本函数为2220.8C Q =，该市场的需求函数为1520.6P Q =-。
求该市场的古诺模型解。
3、双寡头市场上，厂商1位领导者，其成本函数为1113.8C Q =，厂商2为追随者，其成本函数为2220C Q =，该市场的需求函数为1000.4P Q =-。
求该市场的斯塔克伯格模型解。
4、某寡头厂商的广告A 对其需求的影响为：882P Q =-+为：238C Q Q A =++。
（1）求在无广告的情况下，利润最大化产量、价格和利润。
（2）求有广告的情况下，利润最大化是的产量、价格和利润。
（3）比较（1）和（2）的结果。
第七章 要素市场一、解释下列概念1、要素需求，2、要素替代弹性，3、工资变动的替代效应，4、工资变动的收入效应，5、劳动供给曲线，6、资本需求，7、资本供给。
二、简答下列各题1、边际生产力论，2、欧拉定理，3、劳动供给曲线形状的成因，4、人力资本积累的基本原则，5、人力资本积累均衡的基本条件，6、不可再生资源开发数量的决定，7、不可再生资源价格的决定，8、树木最优砍伐时间的确定。
三、论述下列各题1、试分析要素替代弹性的经济内涵。
2、总结最优劳动供给决定的分析框架。
3、总结最优储蓄决定的分析框架。
四、计算下列各题1、某消费者的效用函数为U H Y H =+，其中，H 为闲暇，Y 为收入（他以固定的工资率出售其劳动所获得的收入），求该消费者的劳动供给函数。