英语阅读练习之长句翻译
六级阅读长句翻译100句
六级阅读长句翻译100句[推荐]很欢迎下载1-501. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine condit ioned（使形成条件反射） mice to avoid saccharin（糖精） by simultaneously feeding them the s weetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused s tomach upsets.[参考译文]1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠糖精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠的免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。
2. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the s ingle most important responsibility?[参考译文]企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlin es and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.[参考译文]如果说有需要环保专业人员站出来担负起领导责任的最佳时机的话，现在可谓是正当其时。
4. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soar ed, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical of E uropean universities.”[参考译文]《泰晤士报》对此有同感，它报怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。
英语长句的翻译练习
英语长句的翻译练习翻译练习英语长句的翻译1. Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with the woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.伊丽莎白决心不再和这个女人说话，因为这个女人现在是异常的傲慢无礼，令人反感了。
2. They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.他们说他坐了跟平时做礼拜时不同的座位。
3. Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma about him, except in the minds of lesser men who found it hard to conceive such tenacity of purpose.关于他的谜，也许根本就不存在。
所谓谜者，只是那些不及他的人对他那样坚忍不拔的意志感到不可思议而已。
4. It is flattering to believe that they (their thoughts) are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.5. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are famous throughout the world.我谨代表你们所有的美国客人感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
英语长句的理解与翻译
英语长句的理解与翻译1．Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。
2．How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。
3．Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。
后来此人也因伤势过重死去。
4．The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。
托福阅读长句(有译文)
1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
高中阅读长句分析及翻译
句子分析（初级）1. However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.2. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.3. At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.4. The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing.5. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.6. Whereas a woman’s closest femal e friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.7. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.8. When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.9. What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植).10. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.11. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious(怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day befo re New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face ...12. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past.1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Poly technique.2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.6. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.7. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receivea paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.8. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.9. Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.10. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?11. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, thenearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.12. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, and my father must have hurt, too, a little.1. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，它曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。
雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文
雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文在雅思阅读考试中，我们会遇到很多长难句，考生在短时间内不可能找准这些长难句的意思，那么，下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文，供大家参考!雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文1. Looking beyond the 10-year period,the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future — more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.「译文」在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3000种本地植物——占美国近25000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration,because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.「译文」野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally?friendly fertilizers.「译文」转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
六级阅读长句翻译
六级阅读长句翻译六级阅读长句翻译1. But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.2. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.3. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.4. As the intelligence of robots increase to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers.5. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.7. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.8. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.9. “I n Japan, a most competitive society with strongerdiscipline than ours.” Says Isaac Stern. “children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music.”10. What does the phrase ‘learning to use a computer’ mean? It sounds like ‘learning to drive a car’; that is , it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.1、但是如果对绩效差的业绩也进行奖励或者让人们对奖励有太多的预期，是很容易抹杀创造性的。
英语长句的翻译
• We hear what they said and view what they did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. • 我们如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人; 我们同情 他们,和他们悲喜与共;他们的感受成为我们 自己的感受,我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所 描绘的场景中与他们同台扮演着角色.
• It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain. • 从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻 名. • 译者从最后一个介词短语译起,倒着译到第二个介词短 语,最后才译原句主谓结构. • One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory that the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. • 当时有两种理论摆在大家面前:一种理论认为,宇宙是 一直存在的;另一种理论认为,宇宙是在某个有限的时 刻启动的,但给人的印象却似乎是一直存在的.但是,不 管按照哪种理论,我们都可以很好地解释所观察到的事 实.
长句的翻译
6.Without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and --until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself --- an amazing ability to size up people and situations, there would never have been a Third Reich Without Adolf Hitler, there would never have been a Third Reich He was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and amazing ability to size up people and situations until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself
没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国 他拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般坚强的意志， 不可思议的本领，非凡的智力，深远的想象 力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地 没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国的 存在。希特勒拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般 坚强的意志，不可思议的本领，非凡的智力， 深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地
(完整word版)英语阅读练习之长句翻译
长句的翻译1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译：行为主义者以为 , 若是少儿的成长环境里有好多刺激因素 , 这些因素又有利于其适合反响能力的张开 , 那么 , 少儿的智力就会张开到较高的水平。
2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.译：比方 , 关于一个四口之家来说 , 舒愉快服地在家中看电视 , 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目 , 这比到外面其他地方去消遣又廉价又方便。
3.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.译：不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志初版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶办理厂，都经过计算机的使用给花销者带来更好、更有效率的效劳。
长句翻译汉译英
Long sentence translationCompact vs. Diffuse1门口放着一堆伞，少说也有12把，五颜六色，大小不一。
There are a pile of umbrellas in the door, at least twelve, various colors and different sizes.In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.2我厂生产的112升，和145升冰箱造型美观，质量可靠，耗电少，使用安全方便。
The 112 and 145 Liter volumes of fridges made in our factory are with high quality, low power consumption and safely conveniently to use.The refrigerators of 112 and 145 liters manufactured by our plant are noted for their graceful styles, reliable quality, low power consumption, easy operation and safety./easy and safe operation.3 有一个年轻人，名叫颜回，家里很穷，缺吃少穿，insufficient 住的房子又破又小。
(dilapidated )There is a poor young man named Yanhui, insufficient with food and clothes and living in a small dilapidated house.There was a young man. He was called Yanhui. His family was very poor. They did not have enough food to eat and clothing to wear. The house they lived in was small and dilapidated.There was a young man called Yanhui, who was so poor that his family lived in a small, dilapidated house with insufficient food and clothing.4 为了实现儿时的梦想，我毫不犹豫地选择了化学专业。
(英译汉)长句的翻译2(11句)
英译汉长句翻译练习1. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer. 这项研究发现，丈夫抽烟，妻子不抽烟，那妻子患肺癌的危险比一般人大得多。
2. No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house.刚才几位可敬的先生向全体代表发了言。
对于这几位先生的爱国精神和才干，我比任何人都钦佩。
3. The imprisoning drifts increase the sense of comfort which the house affords.房间里本已让人感觉舒适，外面风雪大作，把人关在屋里，因此更让人觉得温馨。
4. The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contented. 如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，而要享受其基本权利，这即便不是不可能，也是不容易的。
这一论断几乎是无可辩驳的了。
5. It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations to one I know so well.据我在最高会谈/晤/议中获得的全部信息对一位我很熟悉的同志说明情况，这对我并非负担，而让我觉得如释重负。
2020考研英语：阅读长句的翻译
2020考研英语：阅读长句的翻译考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：阅读长句的翻译”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：阅读长句的翻译长句的截断1. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.大量研究发现，发展中国家中受过良好教育的人尤其可能选择移居他国。
2. The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.该机构实质性的购买力会巩固公共处方药保险计划，从而与药品公司谈判，以尽可能获得最低价格。
3. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.行为科学的改变很缓慢，这部分是由于解释性术语通常是直接观察到的，部分是由于很难发现其它形式的解释。
4. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer.在谷歌上进行一次搜索会释放出0.2到7克的二氧化碳，具体数值依赖于得到“正确”答案所需的搜索次数。
长句的翻译(英译汉)
In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster.
我的母亲简·柯莱门斯是在她88岁那年去世 的。这对于一位40多岁时就身体纤弱、被 公认为有痼疾缠身、注定不久于人世的人 来说，是难得的高龄。
Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the U.S in increasing numbers, reaching a peak in the years 1880-1914
The President said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the republican Party of long-held superiority in the Ho pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster.
长句翻译精华练习
长句翻译精华练习十、长句翻译例1.The dusty book room whose windows never opened, through whose panes the summer sun sent a dim light where gold specks danced and shimmered, opened magic windows for me through which I looked out on other worlds and times than those in which I lived.The dusty book room opened magic windows for me.书屋的窗户从来没有打开过，夏天时，太阳透过窗玻璃送进一丝暗淡的光线，金色的斑点就在这光线中跳动着、闪烁着。
然而，这满是灰尘的书屋却为我打开了一扇扇神奇的窗户，透过这些窗户，我看到了我这个世界以外的世界，了解了我这个时代以外的时代。
例 2. International experience strongly suggests that a relatively closed orientation towards consumer goods imports is likely to result in the development of a highly inefficient domestic consumer goods industry, and that the competition and new technology that come with a more open import orientation may be just as important in consumer goods as in other industrial sectors.International experience strongly suggests that…, and that….国际上的经验强有力地表明，对消费品进口较为封闭的倾向很可能使国内消费品行业变得效率低下，这些经验还表明，伴随更开放的进口倾向而出现的竞争和新技术不仅对消费品行业重要，对其它工业部门可能也同样重要。
大学英语阅读长句翻译
Translation
of
Long Sents），句法结构为显性（overt）
汉语句子重意合（parataxis）,句法结构为隐性（covert）
汉语句子主题显著Topic-prominent
英语句子主语显著 Subject-prominent
【译文】在学校里，学生需要有系统地扩大知识，掌握足够的科学 词汇，以便有效地进行交际；还要懂得一些诸如对增进健康、 保障安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日 常生活中是十分重要的。
例3. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再 往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原 因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
(3) 分句法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关 系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多 用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成 句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时 需要适当增加词语。
例1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
【译文】比如说，在过去一百多年中，绝大多数科学进 步一直与大学联系在一起，其主要原因之一就在 于：大学是许多不同专业学者的群英汇集之地。
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长句的翻译1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 译：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.译：譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
3. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.译：不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
4. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.译：残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。
为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
5. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.译：在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
6. Advertisement serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 译：广告能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
7. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.译：美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
8. They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russia's icy defender proved them wrong.译：人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。
9. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology.译：至于第三个因素，科学史中有许多事例表明，权威的力量起到这样一种作用：它给进一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下，要花上几个世纪的时间才能最终打破这道障碍。
例如，在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。
10. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social arrangements.译：我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的产业体制转变为一个充分发挥人的潜能——即爱和理智的潜能——为其全部社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体制。
11. President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.译：肯尼迪总统需要提问题的人、能提批评意见的人、做出可靠判断的人以及能提出明智看法的人，而不问他们的级别和观点。
12. In the soap war between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.译：在P&G和Unilever两家企业之间的“肥皂大战”中，双方就大量使用了统计学知识来测量由相应的广告投入所引起的市场上的动态差异，这一项在前的生产成本中占较大部分，所以他们把生产成本看作是生产费用与广告费用之和。
13. Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.译：智能卡载有的信息量是普通磁卡信息载量的80多倍，已经在欧洲各国广泛使用，因而使欧洲各国中央银行得以在全国范围展开新型的服务。
14. How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.译：预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，还取决于用来解释预测的技巧和智慧。