最新文体学复习(一)

文体学复习

1、Style: Manners indicating prominent linguistic features, devices or patterns,

most (or least) frequently occur in a particular text of a particular variety of language. (有许多种，此为in this book, general, linguistic-oriented), P5

2、Stylistics:is a branch of linguistics which studies in a scientific and

systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels.

•Literary stylistics: concentrates solely on unique and overall linguistic features of the various genres of literature. （考点）★

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The development of stylistics

The scope of study

Three crucial aspects of speech:

①Substances [sounds and symbols]; ②Form; ③Situation

3、Stylistic analysis: is generally concerned with the uniqueness of a text

(what is peculiar to the use of language in a given text for delivering the message). This naturally involves comparisons of the language of the text with that used in conventional types of discourse. Stylisticians may also wish to characterize the style of a given text by systematically comparing the language uses in that text with those in another. Thus, we may conclude that stylistic analysis is an activity which is highly comparative in nature.

Practice 5. Analyze the following text.

Policeman: What’s your name, boy?

Black psychiatrist: Dr. Poussiant. I’m a physician.

Policeman: What’s your first name, boy?

Black psychiatrist: Alvin.

•The word ‘boy’ may be used to address a male inferior. In above conversation, the form is used to address a physician, who is usually accorded high respect in the US and is addressed as ‘Dr. So-and-so’ (Title + Surname). Insistently using the form ‘boy’, the white policeman shows his racist contempt of and prejudice against the black people.

4、Linguistic description:refers to the exploration and classification of

linguistic features of a given text.★

每个category下面的各个分类

(1) The Phonology Category:Phonology here is used to refer to the system of speech sounds in a language.

(2) The Lexical Category:Lexis is used here to refer to the choice of words.

(3) The Syntactic/Grammatical /Category:Syntax is used here to refer to rules for ordering and connecting words into sentences.

(4) Semantic Category:Semantics is used here to refer to the meaning of words, expressions, etc. and by what means the meaning is conveyed from the addresser to the addressee.

Procedure of linguistic description

1) Work systematically through the text and note down points we feel of some stylistic significance respectively under the various headings.

2) Quantify the frequency of a linguistic feature.

3) Assess the importance of stylistic features.

4) Make statements about the overall linguistic picture of the text in question, bringing together diverse features to show how they form a coherent, integrated pattern, and making judgments about or interpreting the significance of such patterns in relation to the context of the text as a whole.

5、（1）Text: A text is any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that forms

a unified whole. A text is then a semantic unit, a unit not only of form, but also of meaning. A text is realized by a sequence of language units, whether they are sentences or not.

Cohesive devices:

Implicit connectivity

Explicit connectivity

1) Transitional words/phrases

2) Grammatical device

①Ellipsis ②Substitution ③Coreference

3) Lexical reiteration

材料Examine the following conversation, find out whether linguistic units in it are overtly cohesive or not.

A: See who that is.

B: I’m in pyjamas.