计算机专业英语 chapter_1
计算机专业英语第一章
计算机专业英语 》》
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ Several computer generations occur in the history. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. It marked the beginning of the first computer phase－mainframe phase. In fact, mainframes have had four generations of products, which are characterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and super LSI circuits respectively.
计算机专业英语 》》
▪ occur
vi.发生，出现
▪ mark
n.标志；v.做标记
▪ phase/stage 阶段
▪ vacuum tubes 真空管
▪ transistor
晶体管
▪ small and medium scale IC 中小规模集成电路
▪ super LSI circuits 超大规模集成电路
Computer
算盘
计计算算机专机业专英语业》英》语 》》
▪ A computer is a fast and efficient digital information processing system. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results. It’s one of the greatest inventions in science and technology in the 20th century. It has had a long and deep social impact on human life and production.
计算机网络英文题库(附答案)chapter1
Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet networks use VC. numbers to forward packets toward their1．The ( ) is a worldwide computer network, that is, a network that destination.interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world. D datagram networks use VC. numbers and virtual-circuit networks ppt3 use destination addresses to forward packets toward their destination.A public Internet 9．In the following options, which one is not a guided media? ( )B Intranet A twisted-pair wireC switch net B fiber opticsD television net C coaxial cable2．Which kind of media is not a guided media? ( ) D satelliteA twisted-pair copper wire 10．Processing delay does not include the time to ( ).B a coaxial cable A examine the packet’s headerC fiber optics B wait to transmit the packet onto the linkD digital satellite channel C determine where to direct the packetD check bit-error in the packet3．Which kind of media is a guided media? ( )11．In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? ( )A geostationary satelliteB low-altitude satelliteC fiber opticsD wireless LAN A The traffic intensity must be greater than 1.B The fraction of lost packets increases as the traffic intensity decreases.C If the traffic intensity is close to zero, the average queuing delay 4．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ).will be close to zero. A FramesD If the traffic intensity is close to one, the average queuing delay B Segmentswill be close to one. C Datagrams12．The Internet’s network layer is responsible for moving network-layer D bit streamspackets known as ( ) from one host to another. 5．Which of the following option belongs to the circuit-switched networks?A frame ( )B datagram A FDMC segment B TDMD message C VC networks13．The protocols of various layers are called ( ). D both A and BA the protocol stack 6．( )makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the otherB TCP/IPside by sending too many packets too fast.C ISPA Reliable data transferD network protocolB Flow control14．There are two classes of packet-switched networks: ( ) networks andC Congestion controlvirtual-circuit networks.D Handshaking procedureA datagram7．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it canB circuit-switchedbegin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.C television A Store-and-forward transmissionB FDMD telephoneC End-to-end connection 15．Access networks can be loosely classified into three categories:D TDM residential access, company access and ( ) access.8．Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( ).A cabledA datagram networks are circuit-switched networks, andB wirelessvirtual-circuit networks are packet-switched networks.B datagram networks are packet-switched networks, andC campusD city areavirtual-circuit networks are circuit-switched networks.Question 16～17 C datagram networks use destination addresses and virtual-circuit1D distributed applicationsSuppose, a is the average rate at which packets arrive at the queue, R is24．The Internet provides two services to its distributed applications: a the transmission rate, and all packets consist of L bits, then the trafficintensity is ( 16 ), and it should no greater than ( 17 ). connectionless unreliable service and () service.A flow control16． A LR／aB connection-oriented reliableB La／RC congestion controlC Ra／LD TCP25．It defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between twoD LR／aor more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on the 17．A 2B 1 transmission and/or receipt of a message or other event. The sentence describes ( ).C 0A InternetD -1B protocol 18．In the Internet, the equivalent concept to end systems is ( ).C intranet A hostsD network B servers26．In the following options, which does not define in protocol? ( )C clientsA the format of messages exchanged between two or more D routerscommunicating entities 19．In the Internet, end systems are connected together by ( ).B the order of messages exchanged between two or more A copper wirecommunicating entities B coaxial cableC the actions taken on the transmission of a message or other eventC communication linksD the transmission signals are digital signals or analog signals 模拟D fiber optics信号20．End systems access to the Internet through its ( ).27．In the following options, which is defined in protocol? ( ) A modemsA the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message orB protocolsother eventC ISPB the objects exchanged between communicating entities D socketsC the content in the exchanged messages21．End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet, run ( )D the location of the hosts that control the sending and receiving of information within the28．In the following options, which does not belong to the network edge?Internet.( )A programsA end systemsB processesB routersC applicationsC clientsD protocolsD servers22．There are many private networks, such as many corporate and29．In the following options, which belongs to the network core? ( ) government networks, whose hosts cannot exchange messages withA end systemshosts outside of the private network. These private networks are oftenB routersreferred to as ( ).C clientsA internetsD serversB LAN30．In the following options, which is not the bundled with the Internet ’s C intranetsconnection-oriented service? ( ) D WANA reliable data transfer23．The internet allows ( ) running on its end systems to exchange dataB guarantee of the transmission timewith each other.C flow control***A clients applicationsD congestion-controlB server applications31．An application can rely on the connection to deliver all of its data C P2P applicationswithout error and in the proper order. The sentence describes ( ).2***A flow control C data switchingB congestion-control D message switchingC reliable data transfer 40．In ( ) networks, the resources needed along a path to provide forD connection-oriented service communication between the end system are reserved for the duration 持续of the communication session. 32．It makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms 淹没压倒the other side by sending too many packets too fast. The sentence A packet-switcheddescribes ( ). B data-switchedA flow control C circuit-switchedB congestion-control D message-switchedC connection-oriented service 41．In ( ) networks, the resources are not reserved; a session’s messagesD reliable data transfer use the resources on demand, and as a consequence, may have to wait 33．It helps prevent the Internet from entering a state of gridlock. When a for access to communication link.packet switch becomes congested, its buffers can overflow and packet A packet-switchedloss can occur. The sentence describes ( ). B data-switchedA flow control C circuit-switchedB congestion-control D message-switchedC connection-oriented service 42．In a circuit-switched network, if each link has n circuits, for each linkD reliable data transfer used by the end-to-end connection, the connection gets ( ) of the 34．The Internet’s connection-oriented service has a name, it is ( ). link ’s bandwidth for the duration of the connection.A TCP A a fraction 1/nB UDP B allC TCP/IP C 1/2D IP D n times35．In the following options, which service does not be provided to an 43．For ( ), the transmission rate of a circuit is equal to the frame rate application by TCP?( ) multiplied by the number of bits in a slot.A reliable transport A CDMAB flow control B packet-switched networkC video conferencing C TDMD congestion control D FDM36．The Internet’s connectionless service is called ( ). 44．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it canA TCP begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.B UDP A Queuing delayC TCP/IP B Store-and-forward transmissionD IP C Packet loss37．In the following options, which does not use TCP?( ) D PropagationA SMTP 45．The network that forwards packets according to host destinationB internet telephone addresses is called ( ) network.C FTP A circuit-switchedD HTTP B packet-switched38．In the following options, which does not use UDP?( ) C virtual-circuitA Internet phone D datagramB video conferencing 46．The network that forwards packets according to virtual-circuit numbersC streaming multimedia is called ( ) network.D telnet A circuit-switched39．There are two fundamental approaches to building a network core, ( ) B packet-switchedand packet switching. C virtual-circuitA electrical current switching D datagramB circuit switching3。
计算机网络英文课件Chapter1
client/server model
r r
peer-peer model:
r r
Network edge: connection-oriented service
Goal: data transfer
between end systems handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time
Introduction 1-2
Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
protocols control sending,
receiving of msgs
r
router server local ISP
workstation mobile
e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP
Internet: “network of
networks”
r r
loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题答案(包括crossword_puzzle的句子翻译)
Computing Essentials 2008课后练习题答案详解Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and Y ouCrossword Puzzle Answers: (p22)Across1 、The most essential part of an information system. People信息系统最基本的部分。
人7 、Coordinates computer resources. Operating System协调计算机资源。
操作系统10 、Modifies signals for processing. Modem修改信号以便处理。
调制解调器12 、Data that has been processed by the computer. Information计算机处理过的数据。
信息13 、Unprocessed facts. Data没处理过的事实。
数据14 、Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input.. Tablet PC可以用手写输入的笔记本电脑。
平板电脑DownNum. Clue Answer2 、Uses computers to become more productive. End User使用电脑变得更有效率。
终端用户3 、Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures使用软件，硬件和数据时遵循的规则或指引。
指令说明书4 、Created by word processors. Document Files文字处理创建出来的。
文档文件5 、Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers 允许输入和输出设备通信的专业程序。
计算机专业英语
2.4.1 dir(文件列表命令) 53
2.4.2 type(显示文件内容) 54
2.4.3 copy(拷贝命令) 54
2.4.4 ren(文件改名命令) 54
2.4.5 del(文件删除命令) 55
7.5.4 Fax(传真) 177
7.6 Professional Terms(专业术语) 179
Exercises(练习) 179
5.2.1 Some Common Events(常用事件) 123
5.2.2 Some Common Controls，Attributes of Controls(常用控件及其属性) 126
5.3 Java 2 128
5.3.1 Java Language Keywords(Java语言关键字) 129
4.4.2 Latest Features(最新特征) 104
4.4.3 Partion Backup and Image It(磁盘分区备份为映像文件) 105
4.4.4 Partition from image(映像文件还原为磁盘分区) 107
4.5 Situation Dialogue(情境对话) 108
3.2 Architecture of Computer Networks(计算机网络结构) 69
3.3 LAN(局域网) 72
3.4 WAN(广域网) 74
3.5 Hardware Concepts of Computer Network(计算机网络硬件设备基础) 76
3.5.1 Net Interface Card(网卡) 76
计算机专业英语 复习
Chapter 11.Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.a.data2.Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources。
h。
utilities3.Type of application programs that are more narrowly focused on specificdisciplines and occupations。
f。
specialized4.Also known as servers. b。
midrange computers5.The most widely used handheld computers are smartphones and ___。
d。
PDAs6.Type of memory that is sometimes referred to as temporary storagebecause its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted. e。
RAM7.The most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks，solid—statestorage, and ___。
c。
optical disks8.The type of solid—state drive widely used for transporting data andinformation between computers and a variety of specialty devices。
g. USB9.Type of file created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things likebudgets and to predict sales。
计算机专业英语-1
郑州升达经贸管理学院
6
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is another name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate(data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).
郑州升达经贸管理学院
3
When you think of a microcomputer, perhaps you think of just the equipment itself. That is, you think of the monitor or the keyboard. Yet, there is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is as part of an information system. An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.
计算机专业词汇【英文】
CIS 120
Peripheral devices
Components and equipment that expand a computer's input, output, and storage capabilities, e.g., a printer or scanner.
CIS 120
CIS 120
Notebook computer
A small lightweight portable computer that usually runs on battery power. Sometimes called a laptop.
CIS 120
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
CIS 120
Process
A systematic series of actions that a computer performs to manipulate data; typically represented on a DFD by a rounded rectangle.
CIS 120
CIS 120
Computer
A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output.
CIS 120
Data
In the context of computing and data management, data refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts and ideas.
CIS 120
济南大学计算机专业英语第一章答案
Homework of Chapter One1. Chapter 1 Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer for each question below. When you are finished, check your answers by clicking the 'Check Answers' button at the bottom of the page.1. People, procedures, software, hardware, and data are the five parts of a(n)competency systemcomputer systeminformation system✔software system2. Procedures are typically documented in manuals written bycomputer specialists✔end usersMicrosoftservice providers3. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?datahard diskInternet✔power cord4. Windows 7 is an example of a(n)application softwarebrowseroperating system✔shareware5. The most powerful type of computer.mainframe computersmicrocomputersminicomputerssupercomputers✔6. The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thekeyboardmicroprocessor✔monitormouse7. These devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.displayinput✔outputpointer8. A DVD is an example of a(n)hard diskoptical disc✔output devicesolid-state storage device9. This type of file is created by word processors.worksheetdocument✔databasepresentation10. Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.graphicsinputmemorywireless✔2. Chapter 1 MatchingMatch the definitions with the terms in the box to the right by entering the letter for each term next to its correct definition below.1. e Guidelines people follow when using software.2. f Consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.3. i Software that enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.4. h The most powerful type of computer.5. a The least powerful and most widely used type of computer.6. c Translates the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.7. g Holds data and programs even after electrical power to the system has been turned off.9. d A type of handheld computer.10. j The largest network in the world.3. Chapter 1 Open-Ended Questions⑴. Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system?An information system typically consists of: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. Almost all of today's computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity,typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.⑵. What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?System software is “background” software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators. It works with application software to handle the majority of technical details.⑶. Define and compare basic and specialized application software.- Describe some different types of basic applications.- Describe some types of specialized applications.Basic or general-purpose applications are widely used in a large number of careers. One of these general-purpose applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet.Other basic a pplications are word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.Specialized applications are programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, Web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.⑷. Describe the different types of computers.- What is the most common type?- What are the types of microcomputers?There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange and microcomputers.Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used type of computer.There are four types of microcomputers: desktop computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.⑸. What is connectivity? What are wireless devices and the wireless revolution? What is a computer network? What are the Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing?Connectivity is the capability of the microcomputer to use information from the world beyond one’s desk. Data and information can be sent over telephone or cable lines and through the air so that computers can talk to each other and share information.Wireless devices are wireless mouse, wireless network card and wireless modem etc.Wireless revolution is a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.Computer network is a communication system connecting two or more computers and their peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources.Internet is a huge computer network available to everyone with a microcomputer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the Web, which is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.Cloud computing is that data are stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.4. Chapter 1 True / False Questions1. The parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity.True False2. The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False3. Software is another name for a program or programs.True False4. To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False5. Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False6. System software is a collection of programs.True False7. Antivirus software is a Windows utility that is unnecessary as long as you are careful browsing the Internet.True False8. System software might be described as end user software.True False9. A browser is an example of system software.True False10. Another name for a midrange computer is server.True False5. Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank Questions1. Computer _competency_ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.2. In an information system, the rules or guidelines for people to follow are called _procedures_.3. _Hardware_ is the component of the information system that is described as the equipment that processes data to create information.4. The component of the information system that is described as raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, is called _ data_.5. _ System software_ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.6. _Device drivers_ are classified under system software and are specialized programs designed to allow input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.7. Application software can be categorized as either general-purpose applications, specialized applications or _ mobile_ applications.8. The general-purpose application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _ browser_.9. _Mainframe_ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.10. The four types of microcomputers are: _desktop_ computers, notebooks, tablets, and handheld computers.。
《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)
vacuum tubes 真空管
Census Bureau 人口普查局
thousands of 成千上万的
known as 通常所说的，以……著称
Abbreviations:
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 电子数字积分计算机，ENIAC计算机 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) 延迟存储电子自动计算机 BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) 二进制自动计算机
计算机专业英语
1-2
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Requirements:
1. The trends of computer hardware and software 2. Basic characteristics of modern computers 3. Major characteristics of the four generations of modern computers
很难确切地说现代计算机是什么时候发明的。从20世纪30年代到40年 代，制造了许多类似计算机的机器。但是这些机器大部分没有今天我们所 说的计算机的所有特征。这些特性是：机器是电子的，具有储存的程序, 而且是通用的。
计算机专业英语
1-5
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
4. 了解科技英语的特点，掌握科技英语翻译要点
计算机专业英语
1-3
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
《计算机专业英语》霍宏涛Chapter1
1-2 The Year 2038 Problem
Key Words
pun wrap around odometer haywire lurk pooh-pooh impending plague n.俏皮话 回卷 n.里程表 adj.混乱的 v.潜伏 v.轻视 adj.即将发生的 v.折磨
Key Words
moderate spreadsheet surf fray onslaught clone pin down high-end low-end
adj.中等的,适度的 n.电子表格程序 v.浏览，专指上网浏览，和internet连用 n.竞争 n.猛攻 n.克隆，仿制，仿造 确定，明确 adj.高端的 adj.低端的
Professional English in Computer Field
Chapter One The Fundamental of Computers
内容
正文
Computers Types The Year 2038 Problem
阅读材料
History of Electronic Digital Computers Cable vs. DSL
legacy code scratch backward compatibility blindly computer-illiterate scenario doomsday 难以替换的代码 n.什么都没有 向后兼容 adv.盲目地 不懂计算机的 n.方案 n.最后的审判日
Notes
A later generation of UNIX authors, fearful that stuffy, humorless corporate drones would remove this cherished pun, added a programmer's comment inside the documentation's source code that read, "Take this out and a UNIX demon will dog your steps until the time_t's wrap around!" 一个后期的UNIX作者由于担心那些自命不凡、没有幽默感的企业 里的“雄蜂”们会删掉这段他心爱的俏皮话，于是在源代码文档上加 了一段程序员的注释, “删掉它，UNIX demon将会跟踪你所作的一切 直到time_t函数发生回卷”。 time_t is never, ever at fault in any Year 2000 bug. time_t从来都不是一个“千年虫”问题。
计算机英语第一章
3
1 What is a Computer
4
1 What is a Computer
A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, which can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results for future use.[1]
计算机专业英语第二版
• Personal Digital Assistants: much smaller than even the subnotebooks. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) weypical PDA combines pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communication capabilities in a very small package. Figure 1.2 shows an example of a PDA.
• Supercomputers are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations principally for research purposes. Among their uses are oil exploration and worldwide weather forecasting. An example of a supercomputer is shown in Figure 1.3.
••分析小 理型速：计度句算和中机数T，据h也 存ey被 储指称 能的为 力是中 介小型 于机 微型， 型计是 机算像 和机书 大；桌 型大 机短小 之语的间fa机。ll器中in。型b它公et们司we的或en处大 意思型是公“司的介部于门两一者般之把它间们”用，于i特n t殊he用ir途p。ro例ce如ss，in可g s以pe使e用ds它an们d做 data研-s究to或rin监g视ca某p一ac个iti生es产是过介程词。短小型语公作司状一语般。使用小型机进行一般
分析：in exchange for less weight 是介词短语作目的状 语，意思是“为了换取较轻的重量”。
计算机网络英文题库（附答案）chapter1
Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet 1．The The ( ( ) ) is is is a a a worldwide worldwide worldwide computer computer computer network, network, network, that that that is, is, is, a a a network network network that that interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world. ppt3 A public Internet B Intranet C switch net D television net 2．Which kind of media is not a guided media? ( ) A twisted-pair copper wire B a coaxial cable C fiber optics D digital satellite channel 3．Which kind of media is a guided media? ( ) A geostationary satellite B low-altitude satellite C fiber optics D wireless LAN 4．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ). A Frames B Segments C Datagrams D bit streams 5．Which of the following option belongs to the circuit-switched networks? ( ) A FDM B TDM C VC networks D both A and B 6．( )makes sure that that neither neither neither side side side of of of a a a connection overwhelms connection overwhelms the the other other side by sending too many packets too fast. A Reliable data transfer B Flow control C Congestion control D Handshaking procedure 7．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link. A Store-and-forward transmission B FDM C End-to-end connection D TDM 8．Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( ). A datagram networks are circuit-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networks are packet-switched networks. B datagram networks are packet-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networks are circuit-switched networks. C datagram networks use destination addresses and virtual-circuit networks use VC. numbers to forward packets toward their destination. D datagram networks use VC. numbers and virtual-circuit networks use destination addresses to forward packets toward their destination. 9．In the following options, which one is not a guided media? ( ) A twisted-pair wire B fiber optics C coaxial cable D satellite 10．Processing delay does not include the time to ( ). A examine the packet ’s header B wait to transmit the packet onto the link C determine where to direct the packet D check bit-error in the packet 11．In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? ( ) A The traffic intensity must be greater than 1. B The fraction of lost packets increases as the traffic intensity decreases. C If the traffic intensity is close to zero, the average queuing delaywill be close to zero. D If the traffic intensity is close to one, the average queuing delay will be close to one. 12．The The Internet Internet Internet’’s s network network network layer layer layer is is is responsible responsible responsible for for for moving moving moving network-layer network-layer packets known as ( ) from one host to another. A frame B datagram C segment D message 13．The protocols of various layers are called ( ). A the protocol stack B TCP/IP C ISP D network protocol 14．There are two classes of packet-switched networks: ( ) networks and virtual-circuit networks. A datagram B circuit-switched C television D telephone 15．Access networks can be loosely classified into three categories: residential access, company access and ( ) access. A cabled B wireless C campus D city area Question 16～17 Suppose, a is the average rate at which packets arrive at the queue, R is the the transmission transmission transmission rate, rate, rate, and and and all all all packets packets packets consist consist consist of of L bits, bits, then then then the the the traffic traffic intensity is ( 16 ), and it should no greater than ( 17 ). 16． A LR ／aB La ／RC Ra ／L D LR ／a 17．A 2 B 1 C 0 D -1 18．In the Internet, the equivalent concept to end systems is ( ). A hosts B servers C clients D routers 19．In the Internet, end systems are connected together by ( ). A copper wire B coaxial cable C communication links D fiber optics 20．End systems access to the Internet through its ( ). A modems B protocols C ISP D sockets 21．End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet, run ( ) that control the sending and receiving of information within the Internet. A programs B processes C applications D protocols 22．There are many private networks, such as many corporate and government networks, whose hosts cannot exchange messages with hosts outside of the private network. These private networks are often referred to as ( ). A internets B LANC intranets D W AN 23．The internet allows ( ) running on its end systems to exchange data with each other. A clients applications B server applications C P2P applications D distributed applications 24．The Internet provides two services to its distributed applications: a connectionless unreliable service and () service. A flow control B connection-oriented reliable C congestion control D TCP 25．It defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between twoor more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message or other event. The sentence describes ( ). A Internet B protocol C intranet D network 26．In the following options, which does not define in protocol? ( ) A the format of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entities B the order of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entities C the actions taken on the transmission of a message or other evenD the transmission signals are digital signals or analog signals 27．In the following options, which is defined in protocol? ( ) A the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message oother event B the objects exchanged between communicating entities C the content in the exchanged messages D the location of the hosts 28．In the following options, which does not belong to the network edge( ) A end systems B routers C clients D servers 29．In the following options, which belongs to the network core? ( ) A end systems B routers C clients D servers 30．In the following options, which is not the bundled with the Internet ’s connection-oriented service? ( ) A reliable data transfer B guarantee of the transmission time C flow control D congestion-control 31．An application can rely on the connection to deliver all of its data without error and in the proper order. The sentence describes ( ). A flow control B congestion-control C reliable data transfer D connection-oriented service 32．It makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast. The sentence describes ( ). A flow control B congestion-control C connection-oriented service D reliable data transfer 33．It helps prevent the Internet from entering a state of gridlock. When a packet switch becomes congested, its buffers can overflow and packet loss can occur. The sentence describes ( ). A flow control B congestion-control C connection-oriented service D reliable data transfer 34．The Internet ’s connection-oriented service has a name, it is ( ). A TCP B UDP C TCP/IP D IP 35．In In the the the following following following options, options, options, which which which service service service does does does not not not be be be provided provided provided to to to an an application by TCP?( ) A reliable transport B flow control C video conferencing D congestion control 36．The Internet ’s connectionless service is called ( ). A TCP B UDP C TCP/IP D IP 37．In the following options, which does not use TCP?( ) A SMTP B internet telephone C FTP D HTTP 38．In the following options, which does not use UDP?( ) A Internet phone B video conferencing C streaming multimedia D telnet 39．There are two fundamental approaches to building a network core, ( ) and packet switching. A electrical current switching B circuit switching C data switching D message switching 40．In ( ) networks, the resources needed along a path to provide for communication between the end system are reserved for the duration ofthe communication session. A packet-switched B data-switched C circuit-switched D message-switched 41．In ( ) networks, the resources are not reserved; a session’s messages use the resources on demand, and as a consequence, may have to wait for access to communication link. A packet-switched B data-switched C circuit-switched D message-switched 42．In a circuit-switched network, if each link has n circuits, for each link used by the end-to-end connection, the connection gets ( ) of the link link’’s bandwidth for the duration of the connection. A a fraction 1/n B all C 1/2 D n times 43．For ( ), the transmission rate of a circuit is equal to the frame rate multiplied by the number of bits in a slot. A CDMA B packet-switched network C TDM D FDM 44．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it canbegin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link. A Queuing delay B Store-and-forward transmission C Packet loss D Propagation 45．The network that forwards packets according to host destination addresses is called ( ) network. A circuit-switched B packet-switched C virtual-circuit D datagram 46．The network that forwards packets according to virtual-circuit numbers is called ( ) network. A circuit-switched B packet-switched C virtual-circuit D datagram 47．In the following entries, which is not a kind of access network?( ) A residential access B company access C wireless access D local access 48．Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and the receiving host are R 1 and R 2, respectively. Assuming that the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L ? (Ignore queuing delay, propagation delay, and processing delay.) ( )A L /R 1＋L /R 2 B L /R 1C L /R 2D none of the above 49．The time required to examine the packet ’s header and determine where to direct the packet is part of the ( ). A queuing delay B processing delay C propagation delay D transmission delay 50．The time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to the next router is ( ). A queuing delay B processing delay C propagation delay D transmission delay 51．Consider sending a packet of 3000bits over a path of 5 links. Each link transmits transmits at at at 1000bps. 1000bps. 1000bps. Queuing Queuing Queuing delays, delays, delays, propagation propagation propagation delay delay delay and and and processing processing delay are negligible. (6 points) (1).Suppose (1).Suppose the the the network network network is is is a a a packet-switched packet-switched packet-switched virtual virtual virtual circuit circuit circuit network. network. network. VC VC setup time is 0.1 seconds. Suppose the sending layers add a total of 500 bits of header to each packet. How long does it take to send the file from source to destination? (2).Suppose the the network network network is is is a a a packet-switched packet-switched datagram datagram network network network and and and a a connectionless connectionless service service service is is is used. used. used. Now Now Now suppose suppose suppose each each each packet packet packet has has has 200 200 200 bits bits bits of of header. How long does it take to send the file? (3).Suppose that the network is a circuit-switched network. Further suppose that that the the the transmission transmission transmission rate rate rate of of of the the the circuit circuit circuit between between between source source source and and and destination destination destination is is 200bps. Assuming 0.02s setup time and 200 bits of header appended to the packet, how long does it take to send the packet? Solution: (1). t=5*(3000+500)/1000+0.1=17.6s(2). t=5*(3000+200)/1000=16s(3). t=(3000+200)/200+0.02=16.02s。
计算机专业英语1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers计算机引论1.When you hear the world computer, initially you many think ofthose found in the workplace-the computers used to create business letters, and other correspondence; calculate payroll;track inventory; or generate invoices.译文：当你一听说计算机这个词汇时，或许首先会想到工作场所的那些计算机，用来制作商业信件、备忘录及相关文件，用来打印工作单、管理库存和制作发票。
2.A storage device is used to record and retrieve data, instructions,and information to and form a storage medium.译文:存储设备用来存储媒体记录和检索数据、指令和信息。
3.Software, also called a computer program or simply a program, isa series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer whatto do.译文：软件是一系列指令所构成的计算机程序，该程序告诉计算机硬件应该做什么。
4.A utility program is a type of system software that perform a specific task，usually related to managing a computer，its device，or its programs.译文：实用程序是一种系统软件，通常执行与管理计算机及其设备和程序相关的特定任务。
计算机专业英语考试词汇
Chapter 1：Destktop 桌面，桌上型电脑Laptop 手提电脑evaluate 评价pros and cons 正反正反component 组件modular case 模块箱vertical 垂直的horizontal 水平的processor 处理器portable 便携的tablet 写字板stylus 铁笔operating system 操作系统client 客户security 安全convenient 方便的modify 修改configure 配置graphics controller 图形控制杆flat-panel 平板motherboard 主板disk drive 磁盘驱动器expansion card 扩展卡memory 存储器hard drive 硬盘computer-aided 计算机辅助的agent 代理specification 规格说明书circuit board 电路板plug 插头upgrade 升级socket 插座drive bays 驱动槽capacity 容量central processing unit（cpu）configuration 配置adjustment 调节器调整cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管accessory 附件time-consuming 耗时的generator 发生器wireless 无线的central processor 中央处理器typewriter 打字机打字机reconstruct 重建重建combination 联合联合proprietary 所有权所有权unique 唯一的唯一的identity 识别识别chapter 2: domain 范围范围microwave 微波微波hardware 硬件硬件software 软件软件instruction 指令指令embed 嵌入嵌入organization 组织组织classification 分类分类 characteristic 特征特征integrate 集成集成semiconductor 半导体半导体control unit 控制单元控制单元arithmetic-logic unit 算术逻辑单元算术逻辑单元 perform 执行执行access 存取存取decode 解码解码execution 执行执行register 寄存器寄存器architecture 体系结构体系结构cycle 周期周期sequence 次序次序performance 性能执行性能 执行instruction pipeline 指令流水线指令流水线 microsequenced CPUs 微序列CPU transfer 传递传递transmit 传输传输bidirectional 双向的双向的 unidirectional 单向的单向的memory location 存储单元存储单元 routine 程序程序synchronize 同步同步trigger 触发器触发器terminology 术语术语primary storage 主存主存 summarize 总结总结nonvolatile 非易失性的非易失性的illustrate 举例说明举例说明tri-state 三态三态remedy 校正校正corresponding 相应的通信的相应的 通信的hierarchical 分等级的分等级的cache 高速缓冲存储器高速缓冲存储器virtual memory 虚拟存储器虚拟存储器 subsystem 子系统子系统interfacing 界面连接接口连接界面连接 接口连接variant 变量变量interrupt 中断中断archetype 原型原型chapter 3：natural language 自然语言自然语言 multiple 多样的多样的punctuation 标点标点versatility 多功能性多功能性assembly language 汇编语言汇编语言 linguistic 语言上的语言上的random access memory 随机存储器随机存储器随机存储器executable 执行的执行的statement 声明声明 陈述陈述compiler 编译器编译器command 命令命令manipulate 熟练操作熟练操作procedure-oriented 面向过程的面向过程的 functional 功能的功能的object-oriented 面向对象的面向对象的 redeclared 重新声明重新声明outgrowth 长出长出attribute 属性属性hierarchy 层次层次inhert 继承继承artificial intelligence 人工智能人工智能 emerge 显现显现stand-alone 单机卓越单机 卓越browser 浏览器浏览器real-time 实时的实时的architecture neutral 结构中立的结构中立的 multithread 多线程的多线程的 comprehensible 可理解的可理解的 inheritance 遗产遗产operator overloading 操作符重载操作符重载implementation 执行执行garbage collector 垃圾回收器垃圾回收器interpreter 解释程序解释程序 注释器注释器microkernel 微核微核uniform resource locator （URL）统一资源定位器统一资源定位器 platform 平台平台compilation 编译编译upload 上传上传benchmark 基准基准single-threding 单线程单线程predefine 预定义预定义tag 标签标签tag library 标记库标记库fixed-template 固定模式固定模式scripting 脚本脚本chapter 4：application program interface（API）应用程序接口应用程序接口 definition 定义定义microprocessor 微处理器微处理器offset 偏移量偏移量pointer 指针指针encapsulate 压缩压缩toolkit 工具箱工具箱dictate 指令指令simplify 单一化单一化OLE 对象链接和嵌入对象链接和嵌入Microsoft developer network （msdn）微软的开发商网络微软的开发商网络 Unicode 统一字符编码标准统一字符编码标准ASCII Alphabet 字母表字母表Font files 字体文件字体文件Hexadecimal 十六进制的十六进制的Procedure 程序程序Alter 改变改变Mode programming 模块化编程模块化编程Dynamic-link 动态链接动态链接Firewall 防火墙防火墙Fitfall 专用程序入口专用程序入口Semaphore信号量信号量Out-gate 输出门输出门Device type 设备类型设备类型Chapter 5：Tar pit 焦油坑焦油坑Ultimately 最后最后Algorithm 算法算法Debug 调试调试Syntax 语法句法语法 句法Bug 程序缺陷程序缺陷Tractable 易处理的易处理的Visible output 可见光输出可见光输出Pattern 模式模式Encrypt 加密加密Malfunction 故障故障Trial-and-error 反复试验反复试验Container 容器容器Chapter 6：Most-awaited 最值得等待的最值得等待的Database 数据库数据库Online transaction processing （OL TP）联机事务处理联机事务处理 Online analytical processing （OLAP）联机分析处理联机分析处理 Framework 框架框架DTS 数据传输服务数据传输服务Topology 拓扑拓扑Enterprise edition 企业版企业版Microsoft desktop engine 微软桌面引擎微软桌面引擎微软桌面引擎Standard edition 标准版标准版Migration 移植移植Transaction 事务事务Requirement 需求需求Scheme 安排方案安排 方案Chapter 7：Telecommunication 电信电信Broadband 宽带宽带Collection 集合聚集集合 聚集Peripheral 外围设备外围设备Facility 设备设备Fiber 光纤光纤Bandwidth 带宽带宽Laser 激光激光Standardize 使符合标准使符合标准Host 主机主机Circuit switching 电路交换电路交换Computer terminal 计算机终端计算机终端Protocol 协议协议Distributed 分布式的分布式的Hypermedia 超媒体超媒体Audio 音频的音频的Hyperlink 超链接超链接Font 字体字体credit card 信用卡信用卡virus 病毒病毒chapter 8：background 背景背景sidebar 工具条工具条calendar 日历日历control panel 控制面板控制面板graphical user interface （GUI）图形用户接口图形用户接口 preinstall 预安装预安装application program 应用程序应用程序workstation 工作站工作站dial-up connections 拨号连接拨号连接internet explorer 因特网浏览器因特网浏览器wordpad 写字板写字板pictorial 图示的图示的taskbar 任务栏任务栏mission control 任务控制任务控制sound board 声卡声卡modem 调制解调器调制解调器folder 文件夹文件夹icon 图标图标multitask 多任务多任务compatibility 兼容性兼容性extension 扩展名扩展名process 过程步骤过程 步骤spreadsheet 报表电子表格报表 电子表格driver 驱动程序驱动程序disk scanner 磁盘扫描程序磁盘扫描程序calculator 计算器计算器notepad 记事本记事本pane 窗口窗口active window 活动窗口活动窗口system menu button 系统菜单按钮系统菜单按钮系统菜单按钮double-click 双击双击single-click 单击单击web browser 网页浏览器网页浏览器hacker 计算机黑客计算机黑客italics 斜体斜体clipboard 剪切板剪切板 backspace 退后一格退后一格 scanner 扫描仪扫描仪 compress 压缩压缩chapter 9：navigation 导航导航logo 标识语标识语 hyperspace 超空间超空间XML 扩展式标记语言扩展式标记语言 Parser 解析器解析器Chapter 10：FCL 框架类库框架类库Palmtop 掌上电脑掌上电脑 Polymorphism 多态多态 Metadata 元数据元数据 Subfolder 子文件夹子文件夹 Dialog box 对话框对话框 Invoke 调用调用COM 公共对象模型公共对象模型 Console 控制台控制台 Constructor 构造器构造器 Subroutine 子程序子程序 Chapter 11：Teleconference 电信会议电信会议 Multimedia 多媒体多媒体TCP 传输控制协议传输控制协议 Manner 方式方式Regional networks 区域网区域网 Packet 信息包信息包 Destination 目标文件目标文件 Bridge 桥电子器件电子器件 Gateway 网关网关 Repeater 重发器重发器Router 路由器路由器LAN 局域网局域网Handle 处理处理 Attachment 附件附件 Format 格式格式Binary 二进制二进制 Subscribe 预定预定Spam 垃圾邮件垃圾邮件Website 站点站点Interactive 交互式的交互式的 Developer 开发者开发者Log in 请求联机注册请求联机 注册Menuing system 菜单系统菜单系统 Download 下载下载Upload 上传上传Account number 账号账号Ethernet 以太网以太网Netware 局域网络操作系统局域网络操作系统 Speaker 音响音响Udisk U盘Optical disk 光盘光盘Floppy disk 软盘软盘Decode 解码解码Capacity 容量容量Buffer 缓冲器缓冲器Nonvolatile 非易失性存储器非易失性存储器 Semiconductor 半导体半导体Scale 尺度尺度 维virtual memory 虚拟存储器虚拟存储器 Software life cycle 软件生命周期软件生命周期软件生命周期manufacturerd products 生产产品生产产品 prototype 原型原型modular design 模块设计模块设计 preprocessing 预处理预处理 maintenance 维护维护incremental model 增量模型增量模型 waterfall model 瀑布模型瀑布模型URL 统一资源定位器统一资源定位器SSL 安全套接层安全套接层Data mining 数据采掘数据采掘SGML 标准通用标记语言标准通用标记语言ISP 互联网服务提供商互联网服务提供商EDI 电子数据交换电子数据交换。
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data: unprocessed facts， raw Information: processed facts
★ Almost all of today’s computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity, typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems (P6).
几乎现在所有的计算机系统都给信息系统增加了一个额外的部分。 这部分，称为计算机互联, 典型地使用因特网并且允许用户大大扩展 了信息系统的性能和用处。
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Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the Internet. Other times, the contact is not as obvious (P6).
Chapter 1 Information Technology, The Internet, and You
1
பைடு நூலகம்
Competencies
Competence 能力，胜任；足以过舒适生活的收入 Distinguish between ‥‥‥and ‥‥‥ 区分 Identify 确定，识别 直接+名词 Describe 描述 直接+名词
输入设备 因特网 键盘 手提电脑 大型机 内存 微型机 微处理器 中型机 小型计算机 调制解调器 监视器
7
Mouse netbook Network notebook computer operating system optical disk output device palm computer People personal digital assistant（PDA） presentation file primary storage Printer Procedures Program
描述计算机硬件的不同种类包括：系统单元，输入，输出，存储和通信设备。
7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files.
定义数据的概念，介绍文档文件，电子表单文件，数据库和演示文件类型 。
8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, smartphone, and cloud computing.
解释了计算机连接、无线革命、因特网、智能手机和云计算。
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Keyword P22
应用软件 基本应用软件 云计算 通信设备 光盘 计算机能力 连通性 数据 数据库文件 台式计算机 磁盘驱动程序 数字多用途光盘 数字多用途光盘
3. New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available. People use electronic mail, electronic commerce, and the Internet to meet and to share ideas and products.
5
application software
basic application Cloud computing communication device compact disc (CD) computer competency Connectivity Data database file desktop computer device driver
鼠标 上网本 网络 笔记本电脑 操作系统 光盘 输出设备 掌上电脑 人 个人数字助理 演示文稿 主存 打印机 规程 程序
8
Random-access memory (RAM) secondary storage Slate computer smartphone software solid-state drive (SSD) solid-state storage specialized application supercomputer system software system unit tablet PC traditional tablet PC USB drive Utility Web wireless revolution worksheet file
讨论系统软件程序的三种类型
4. Distinguish between basic and specialized
application software.
认清通用应用软件和特殊用途的应用软件
3
5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers.
程序就是告诉计算机如何工作的一步步指令。 a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information) (P6).
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Yet this is what microcomputers are all about—making people, end users like you, more productive (P5).（多产 的，fruitful）
这就是微型计算机，它使人们更加多产，效率更高。 A program consists of （由……构成，组成，composed of） the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work (P6).
识别计算机的四种类型和四种微机类型 。
6. Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices.
信息系统的五大组成部分：人，用户文档，软件，硬件和数据
2. Distinguish between system software and application software.
区分两大类软件：系统软件和应用软件
3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs.
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1. Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculate—all on microcomputers. Students and businesspeople do all this, and more. 2. New forms of learning have developed. People who are homebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take online courses. A college course need not fit within a quarter or a semester.
digital versatile disc（DVD） digital video disc（DVD）
document file end user flash memory card handheld computer hard disk Hardware High-definition (hi def ) disc Information information system information technology
很多时候接触是直接和明显的,比如当我们使用文字处理程 序创建文档或当我们连接到互联网的时候。其他时候，接 触就不那么明显了。
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Throughout this book you will find a variety of features designed to help you become computer competent and knowledgeable (P6).
随机存储器 辅存 平板电脑 智能手机 软件 固态硬盘 固态存储 专门应用软件 巨型机 系统软件 系统单元 平板电脑 传统平板电脑 Ｕ盘 实用程序 网 无线革命 工作表
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Introduction
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Computer competency refers to acquiring computerrelated skills—indispensable tools for today (P4). 当今，计算机能力是指获得计算机相关的不可或缺的技 能的一种工具。 They filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests, and paid computerized bills (P4). 他们填写电脑化的表格,做计算机化的测试,和支付电脑 化的账单。