心理学8数据分析技术SPSS
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2b. Optional--Transform the data into suitable form.
3. Analyze or graph the data.
08.06.2020
.
3
Enter the data into a data file
• Enter the data into the SPSS data editor. Be sure to save the data file before you continue.
• 11. When subjects didn't behave as predicted, he deleted them from the sample.
• 12. He rarely came to class, just told students to read the book.
08.06.2020
but what has he done since then? • 7. His cooperative efforts have been quite
limited.
08.06.2020
.
34
• 8. The scientific community has had a hard time replicating his results.
08.06.2020
.
2
Steps in analyzing data with SPSS
1. Enter your data into a data file. 2. Read the data file.
2a. Optional--Provide descriptive labels for the output.
.
35
• 13. Some say he had his son teach the class.
• 14. He expelled his first two students for learning.彼得兄弟（彼得和安德烈）
• 15. Although there were only 10 requirements, most of his students failed his tests.
• The Nonparametric tests submenu provides nonparametric tests for one sample, or for two and more paired or independent samples.
08.06.2020
.
31
08.06.2020
08.06.2020
.
18
08.06.2020
.
19
ANOVA Models
• The ANOVA submenu provides techniques for testing univariate and multivariate Analysis-of-Variance models, including repeated measures.
• 16. His office hours were infrequent and usually held on a mountain top.
• 17. No record of working well with colleagues.
08.06.2020
.
36
08.06.2020
.
13
08.06.2020
.
14
08.06.2020
.
15
Custom Tables
• The Custom Tables submenu provides attractive, flexible displays of frequency counts, percentages, and other statistics.
• If the data were previously saved in SPSS, spreadsheet, or database format, select Open from the File menu.
• If the data were saved in an ASCII file, select Read ASCII Data from the File menu.
数据分析技术
——SPSS的运用
08.06.2020
.
1
统计软件包纷纷问世，
比如Minitab, Systat,以及SAS。 最让人烦的是，
A poem
SPSS， 可每个人都得使，
真是要死！
• The packages come out en masse, • Like Minitab, Systat, and SAS. • The ultimate mess • Is SPSS, • Which everyone uses, alas.
• 9. He never applied to the ethics board for permission to use human subjects.
• 10. When one experiment went awry he tried to cover it by drowning his subjects.
• You can also enter data into a spreadsheet or database, if that software can save a data file in one of the formats that SPSS reads. Select Open from the File menu, then select Data File to see what these formats are.
.
32
Why God never received a PhD
08.06.2020
.
33
• 1. He had only one major publication. • 2. It was in Hebrew. • 3. It had no references. • 4. It wasn't published in a refereed journal. • 5. Some even doubt he wrote it by himself. • 6. It may be true that he created the world,
08.06.2020
.
16
08.06.2020
.
17
Compare means
• The Compare means submenu provides techniques for testing differences among two or more means for both independent and related samples.
• To find out which command does what you want to do, choose What Commands Do from the Help menu.
08.06.2020
.
11
08.06.2020
.
12
Summarize
• The Summarize submenu provides techniques for summarizing data with statistics, charts, and reports.
08.06.2020
.
27
08.06.2020
.
28
Scale
• The Scale submenu provides reliability analysis and multidimensional scaling.
08.06.2020
.
29
08.06.2020
.
30
Nonparametric tests
08.06.2020
.
20
Correlate
• The Correlate submenu provides measures of association for two or more variables measured at the interval level.
08.06.2020
.
21
08.06.2020
.
6
Provide descriptive labels
• Once the data are in the data editor, select the variable name (in the column headings) and choose Define Variable from the Data menu. Change the variable name if you wish.
08.06.2020
.
22
Regression
• The Regression submenu provides a variety of regression techniques, including linear, logistic, nonlinear, weighted, and two-stage least-squares regression.
• You can also enter data into an ASCII file with a text editor or word processor.
08.06.2020
.
4
08.06.2020
.
5
Read the data file
• If you've entered the data into the SPSS data editor, there's nothing more to do here!
08.06.2020
.
7
08.06.2020
.
8
Transform the data
• You can correct mistakes o百度文库 change specific data values directly in the data editor. If you need more systematic changes, for example to create new variables or to change the way existing variables are coded, use the commands in the Transform menu.
• Variable Labels and Value Labels are optional. If you define them, SPSS uses them to annotate its output. Select Labels from the Define Variable dialog box to do so.
08.06.2020
.
23
08.06.2020
.
24
Classify
• The Classify submenu provides cluster and discriminant analysis.
08.06.2020
.
25
08.06.2020
.
26
Data Reduction
• The Data Reduction submenu provides factor analysis, correspondence analysis, and optimal scaling.
08.06.2020
.
9
08.06.2020
.
10
Analyze or graph the data
• This is why we're all here. Commands in the submenus under the Analyze menu provide statistical analysis, and commands in the Graphs menu provide graphic analysis. More commands will be made available with optional modules of SPSS.
3. Analyze or graph the data.
08.06.2020
.
3
Enter the data into a data file
• Enter the data into the SPSS data editor. Be sure to save the data file before you continue.
• 11. When subjects didn't behave as predicted, he deleted them from the sample.
• 12. He rarely came to class, just told students to read the book.
08.06.2020
but what has he done since then? • 7. His cooperative efforts have been quite
limited.
08.06.2020
.
34
• 8. The scientific community has had a hard time replicating his results.
08.06.2020
.
2
Steps in analyzing data with SPSS
1. Enter your data into a data file. 2. Read the data file.
2a. Optional--Provide descriptive labels for the output.
.
35
• 13. Some say he had his son teach the class.
• 14. He expelled his first two students for learning.彼得兄弟（彼得和安德烈）
• 15. Although there were only 10 requirements, most of his students failed his tests.
• The Nonparametric tests submenu provides nonparametric tests for one sample, or for two and more paired or independent samples.
08.06.2020
.
31
08.06.2020
08.06.2020
.
18
08.06.2020
.
19
ANOVA Models
• The ANOVA submenu provides techniques for testing univariate and multivariate Analysis-of-Variance models, including repeated measures.
• 16. His office hours were infrequent and usually held on a mountain top.
• 17. No record of working well with colleagues.
08.06.2020
.
36
08.06.2020
.
13
08.06.2020
.
14
08.06.2020
.
15
Custom Tables
• The Custom Tables submenu provides attractive, flexible displays of frequency counts, percentages, and other statistics.
• If the data were previously saved in SPSS, spreadsheet, or database format, select Open from the File menu.
• If the data were saved in an ASCII file, select Read ASCII Data from the File menu.
数据分析技术
——SPSS的运用
08.06.2020
.
1
统计软件包纷纷问世，
比如Minitab, Systat,以及SAS。 最让人烦的是，
A poem
SPSS， 可每个人都得使，
真是要死！
• The packages come out en masse, • Like Minitab, Systat, and SAS. • The ultimate mess • Is SPSS, • Which everyone uses, alas.
• 9. He never applied to the ethics board for permission to use human subjects.
• 10. When one experiment went awry he tried to cover it by drowning his subjects.
• You can also enter data into a spreadsheet or database, if that software can save a data file in one of the formats that SPSS reads. Select Open from the File menu, then select Data File to see what these formats are.
.
32
Why God never received a PhD
08.06.2020
.
33
• 1. He had only one major publication. • 2. It was in Hebrew. • 3. It had no references. • 4. It wasn't published in a refereed journal. • 5. Some even doubt he wrote it by himself. • 6. It may be true that he created the world,
08.06.2020
.
16
08.06.2020
.
17
Compare means
• The Compare means submenu provides techniques for testing differences among two or more means for both independent and related samples.
• To find out which command does what you want to do, choose What Commands Do from the Help menu.
08.06.2020
.
11
08.06.2020
.
12
Summarize
• The Summarize submenu provides techniques for summarizing data with statistics, charts, and reports.
08.06.2020
.
27
08.06.2020
.
28
Scale
• The Scale submenu provides reliability analysis and multidimensional scaling.
08.06.2020
.
29
08.06.2020
.
30
Nonparametric tests
08.06.2020
.
20
Correlate
• The Correlate submenu provides measures of association for two or more variables measured at the interval level.
08.06.2020
.
21
08.06.2020
.
6
Provide descriptive labels
• Once the data are in the data editor, select the variable name (in the column headings) and choose Define Variable from the Data menu. Change the variable name if you wish.
08.06.2020
.
22
Regression
• The Regression submenu provides a variety of regression techniques, including linear, logistic, nonlinear, weighted, and two-stage least-squares regression.
• You can also enter data into an ASCII file with a text editor or word processor.
08.06.2020
.
4
08.06.2020
.
5
Read the data file
• If you've entered the data into the SPSS data editor, there's nothing more to do here!
08.06.2020
.
7
08.06.2020
.
8
Transform the data
• You can correct mistakes o百度文库 change specific data values directly in the data editor. If you need more systematic changes, for example to create new variables or to change the way existing variables are coded, use the commands in the Transform menu.
• Variable Labels and Value Labels are optional. If you define them, SPSS uses them to annotate its output. Select Labels from the Define Variable dialog box to do so.
08.06.2020
.
23
08.06.2020
.
24
Classify
• The Classify submenu provides cluster and discriminant analysis.
08.06.2020
.
25
08.06.2020
.
26
Data Reduction
• The Data Reduction submenu provides factor analysis, correspondence analysis, and optimal scaling.
08.06.2020
.
9
08.06.2020
.
10
Analyze or graph the data
• This is why we're all here. Commands in the submenus under the Analyze menu provide statistical analysis, and commands in the Graphs menu provide graphic analysis. More commands will be made available with optional modules of SPSS.