各种从句的英语表达方式.doc

2023年最新的英语所有从句类型

2023年最新的英语所有从句类型英语所有从句类型英语中从句有6类，分别为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

1、主语从句(Subject Clause)用作主语的从句叫主语从句。

引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。

2、表语从句(Predicative Clause)用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。

3、宾语从句(Object Clause)在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

4、同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系就是同位关系，即主表关系。

5、定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

6、状语从句用作状语的从句叫作状语从句，其关联词是一些从属连词。

修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，通常由从属连词引导，按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较状语从句等。

英语所有从句类型从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).主语从句用作主语,如：：That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的.宾语从句用作宾语.如：Do you know where he lives表语从句用作表语,如：My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往.同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如：The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为：if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是主将从现 ,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如：I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.英语所有从句类型从句体系包括：从句体系(从句系统)图示从句体系(从句系统)图示第一，名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句)第二，定语从句第三，状语从句分类从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，是一个特殊句子，就像一个句子一样。

高考英语语法复习：八种状语从句的用法

高考英语语法复习：八种状语从句的用法状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。

一、时间状语从句：引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as，the moment/minute…(一…就)，the time,the day,every time,next time,each time，by the time of，no sooner…than(一…就)，hardly…when(一…就).例如：Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.[辨析]when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意，这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，when无这样的用法。

例如：When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.[辨析]till与until一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。

主谓宾定状补从句的英语表达

主谓宾定状补从句的英语表达
在英语中，主谓宾定状补以及从句的表达如下：
1. 主语：subject。

主语是句子中的主要人物或事物，通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组担任。

2. 谓语：predicate。

谓语是对主语进行描述或表达的动作或状态，通常由动词担任。

3. 宾语：object。

宾语是句子中动作的承受者或受益者，通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组担任。

宾语通常位于动词之后。

4. 定语：attribute。

定语是修饰名词或代词的词或词组，用于描述名词或代词的特征或属性。

定语可以前置或后置。

5. 状语：adverbial。

状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或词组，用于描述动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等。

状语可以位于句首、句中或句尾。

6. 补语：complement。

补语是句子中用于补充说明主语或宾语的词或词组，通常由形容词、名词、介词短语等担任。

补语通常位于动词之后。

7. 从句：clause。

从句是一个句子中嵌入另一个句子的结构，通常由从属连词引导，可以担任主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。

从句可以是名词性从句、形容词性从句或副词性从句。

以上是关于主谓宾定状补从句的英语表达方式的简要介绍，希望对您有所帮助。

九大状语从句的英文表达

九大状语从句的英文表达1. 时间状语从句 (Adverbial clause of time):- When he arrived, everyone was already there.- I will call you as soon as I finish my work.2. 地点状语从句 (Adverbial clause of place):- Wherever she goes, she always takes her camera.- I will meet you at the park where we used to play.3. 原因状语从句 (Adverbial clause of cause/reason):- Since it"s raining, we should stay indoors.- The game was canceled because of bad weather.4. 结果状语从句 (Adverbial clause of result):- The car broke down, so we had to call for a tow truck. - He studied really hard, therefore, he got excellent grades.5. 条件状语从句 (Adverbial clause of condition):- If it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.- Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.6. 目的状语从句 (Adverbial clause of purpose):- I am studying hard so that I can get into a good university.- He took extra classes in order to improve his English speaking skills.7. 方式状语从句 (Adverbial clause of manner):- She wrote the letter as if she was in a hurry.- They danced like nobody was watching.8. 比较状语从句 (Adverbial clause of comparison):- She is taller than I am.- He runs faster than his brother.9. 消息状语从句 (Adverbial clause of reported speech): - He told me that he would be late for the meeting.- She said that she was feeling tired.。

分钟搞懂英语中的各种从句

1分钟搞懂英语中的“各种从句〞英语中的从句分三类：1〕名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2〕形容词性从句：定语从句2〕副词性从句：状语从句〔表时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式〕*名词性从句：在句中作各类名词成分〔1〕主语从句在句中作主语成分例句：Whether it is going to rain is not known yet. 天会不会下雨还不得而知。

解读：Whether引导主语从句，whether it is going to rain在句中做主语成分。

〔2〕宾语从句在句中作宾语成分例句：I do not know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。

解读：where引导宾语从句，where he lives在句中作宾语成分。

〔3〕表语从句在句中作表语成分例句：I am who I am. 我就是我。

解读：who引导了一个表语从句，who I am在句中作表语成分。

〔4〕同位语从句在句中解释说明前面的抽象名词例句：The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is wrong. 地球是宇宙中心的观点是错误的。

解读：that引导了一个同位语从句解释说明前面的“idea〞，常见的可以跟同位语从句的名词有：news, idea, fact, thought, question, hope, message, suggestion, truth。

引导词除了that，还可以是whether, how, when, where〔举例：I have no idea when he will come.〕*形容词性从句：定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。

〔1〕限定性定语从句例句1：There are many students who want to study abroad. 有很多学生都想出国留学。

各种从句的英语表达

各种从句的英语表达主语subject谓语predicate宾语object定语attribute状语adverbial补足语complement表语predicative同位语从句: appositive clause定语从句: attributive clause非限制性定语从句Non-restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句restrictive Attributive Clause先行词: an antecedent表语从句：predicative clause1.宾语从句：1.主句现在时从句根据实际进行调整：He says (that) he will have a walk soon.（一般将来时）He said he would take a rest.（过去将来时）2.主句过去时从句过去时：He wondered if I would come.3.从句表客观真理，用一般现在：Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.＊＊4宾语从句用陈述句语序。

Could you tell me that when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）2.状语从句：1；状语从句中if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。

例句：I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.（一般将来时）Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.（祈使句）You may take a rest when/until you finish doing your work. (不表过去的情态动词) 2；主句过去时从句过去完成时（had done）：When he got to the park, his classmates had left.3.定语从句：关系代词who和whom只指人，which只指物。

英语中的从句大全

英语从句大全宾语从句：1，定义：宾语从句是指在复合句中做及物动词的宾语的从句,也可以作介词和某些形容词的宾语;宾语从句一般用于及物动词之后,或用于介词之后;2，表现形式：A 及物动词后的宾语从句1有从属连词引导I think that watching TV too much is bad for people’s health.我认为看太多电视对身体有害;Recent court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.最近的法院裁决责令公立学校采取必要步骤提供那种教育;I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.我不知道其他顾客是否也会抛弃我;2有连接代词引导This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.这次考试的目的在于巩固你们在过去几周所学的知识;You may never find out who dealt with the complaint later.过后你可能无法知道谁处理的投诉;It is your task to find out into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit.你的任务是搞清楚,这两种工作你适合哪种;3有连接副词引导There are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available.对于超光速旅行何时能实现,目前还没有做出预料;We can’t understand why he avoided speaking to us.我们不理解他为什么不跟我们说话;They know exactly where they are going.他们清楚地知道自己的行动方向;We need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. how 表示方式我们需要了解正常细胞是如何自我控制的;We do not know how far mankind will be able to solve these problems.how表示程度我们不知道人类能够把这些问题解决到什么程度;特别提示：如果主句谓语是think,believe,suppose,imagine 等,宾语从句中的否定意义通常在主句中表现出来,称为“否定转移”;例如：I don’t think this is the best way.我认为这不是最佳方法;当宾语从句作介词的宾语时,不能用if引导,而只能用whether.Our basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such to be preserved.一个基本的意见分歧涉及的问题是,像目前这样的城市是否还要保留下去;B 介词和某些形容词之后的宾语从句1介词后的宾语从句He only laughed at what I said.对我的话他只是笑;I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我经常考虑如何才能提高我的英语口语;2某些形容词后的宾语从句I’m afraid that I can’t go with you.我恐怕不能和你们一起去了;I am sure that they will make greater progress in English through hard work.我确信,通过艰苦努力他们将在英语方面取得更大的进步;3非谓语动词之后的宾语从句Reading that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.这个外国人知道了这只是风俗的不同后,就笑了笑,没说什么;On being asked whether he had any good food in Germany, he answered ”Terrible”.一问到他在德国是否吃过什么好菜,他就回答说：“糟糕的很”;4 用it作形式宾语的宾语从句常见的表达包括：have it that 说；insist on或uponit that 坚决主张,坚决要求；make it clear that表明；see to that 确保；take it that 认为；等等;I insist upon it that we should be honest.我坚决主张我们应该诚实;I take it that you don’t want to do it ,but you have to.我认为你不想做这件事,但你必须要做,;The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting.过去十年激光技术的迅速发展已经表明,未来可能是令人鼓舞的;Rumor has it that more than 20books on creationism and evolution are in the publisher’s pipeline.传闻说,有20多本关于神造说与进化论之争的书籍正在出版;in the publisher’s pipeline.在进行中,在生产中There are those who consider it questionable that thesedefense-linked research projects will account for animprovement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources.有些人认为这些国防研究项目将带来生活水平的改善,或者对保护我们日益减少的资源做出重大贡献是值得怀疑的;表语从句：1，定义：表语从句是指在复合句中做主句表语的从句;表语从句和主语只同一内容,它对主语进行解释、说明,是主语的内容具体化;2，表现形式：A 由从属连词引导The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.译：传达的信息一清二楚：我们应该行动起来保护我们自己;The reason I didn’t go to France was that I got a new job.译：我之所以没去法国是因为我找到一份新工作;特别提示：下列表达式不规范的：The reason I didn’t go toFrance was because I got a new job .因为because 不能引导名词性从句;The question is whether he works at all.译：问题在于他是否工作;特别提示：下列表达是错误的：The question is if he works at all .因为if不能引导表语从句;B 有连接代词引导China is not what it used to be .译：中国不再是过去的样子了;Raw material is what we are badly in need of .原材料是我们急需的;C 有连接副词引导The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是,是么时候我们必须呈交年度报告;Some people maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies.有些人坚持认为这恰恰是危险所在;This is why I didn’t pass the exam.这就是我考试不及格的原因;D A is to B what C is to D 这是一种涉及表语从句特殊形式的句型,所表达的基本意义为“A之于B 正如C之于D”;前后进行类比,通过说明C 对于D 的重要性,目的在于突出A对于B 的重要性;The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a soldier.笔对于作家正如枪对于士兵;Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们正如同水对于鱼儿;Reading is to the mind what food is to body.读书对于思想就如同食物对于身体;主语从句：1，定义,主语从句是指在复合句中做主句主语的从句;2，表现形式：A 由从属连词that whether if 引导That the plates are moving is beyond dispute.译：板块在运动,这是无可置疑的;特别提示：不能这样表达：The plates are moving is beyonddispute. 尽管that没有实际含义,但它起到引导主句的功能,在这里不可或缺,否则句子结构会出现混乱;That our environment has little, if anything ,to do with our abilities ,characteristics and behavior is central to that theory .译：这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能,性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的;Whether she will come or not is still a question .译：她是否来仍然是个疑问;Whether the results will be valuable ,meaningless ,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .译：结果究竟是有价值的,还是无意义的,甚至是误导的,这在部分程度上取决于工具本身,但在很大程度上取决于使用者;特别提示,whether 引导的主语从句位于句首时,不能有if 代替;B 由连词代词引导Who will go to the energy conference is not important.疑问分句作主语谁将去参加能源会议并不重要;What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world .他想看到的是世界上一切军队的消亡;C 由连词副词引导How he manages to finish the job is of interest to us all.他如何设法完成这项工作的,我们对此都很感兴趣;Why he failed the English exam wasn’t clear.还不清楚他为什么没有通过英语考试;When they will leave for Beijing is not yet decided.他们什么时候动身去北京还未确定;D 用it 作形式主语由于主语从句位于句首会使句子显得头重脚轻,一次常把它移到句子的后部,句首用引导词it 来做形式主语;It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们希望双方朝着和平的方向努力;It doesn’t matter whether Mary comes to party or not.玛丽是否来参加聚会是没有多大关系;特别提示：当whether引导主语从句位于句尾时,whether可以有if 代替,但if 通常不能与or not 搭配,如本句也可以表达为Itdoesn’t matter much if Mary comes to party.It makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了;E 两个从句共同做主语Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans ,or whether it stems from the commonancestor that the species had 35 million years ago ,is ,as yet ,an unanswered question .译：这种公平意识是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立发展而来,还是起源于两个物种在3500万年前的共同祖先,迄今为止仍然是个悬而未决的问题;注：因为两个主语从句是选择关系,所以谓语动词用单数形式It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with those of the scientists’minds ,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training .许多人认为,普遍人的思维方式根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比；科学家的思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握;。

英语各种从句的详细讲解

英语各种从句的详细讲解英语从句（Subordination）英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一．定语从句1．定语从句：由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。

1.The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.2.The man(whom)you spoke to just now is my friend.3.The building whose lights are on is beautiful.4.Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.5.The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.6.He still remembers the day when he went to school.7.It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.8.He has three sons,two of whom died in the war.9.Mr.Smith,whose wife is a clerk,teaches us English.10.In the Sunday paper there are comics,which children enjoy.2．只能用that和who引导的定语从句A．all,nothing,anything,a few,one做先行词指物时B．先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which.C．先行词前有the only,the first,the last,the next,the very 等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。

英语中的各种从句

英语中的各种从句一、名词性从句1. 宾语从句- 概念- 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

它可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语等。

例如：I think (that) he is a good student.（that引导的从句作think的宾语）；He is interested in what I said.（what引导的从句作介词in的宾语）- 引导词- that：无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，可省略（在非正式文体中）。

例如：She said (that) she would come.- if/whether：表示“是否”，在从句中不充当成分。

例如：I don't know if/whether he will come.- 连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which等）：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。

例如：I don't know what he wants.（what在从句中作宾语）；Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（who在从句中作主语）- 连接副词（when, where, why, how等）：在从句中作状语。

例如：I wonder when he will arrive.（when在从句中作时间状语）- 语序- 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。

例如：He asked me where I was going. 而不是He asked me where was I going.- 时态- 如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例如：I know that he went to Beijing yesterday.（从句用一般过去时）；I know that he will come tomorrow.（从句用一般将来时）- 如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

英语中总共有六大从句,区分方法

英语中总共有六大从句,区分方法,用法,及例子如下：1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末.常见的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语.What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序.How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后.连词that常可省略.介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句.in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句.*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后.He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式.He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中.表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导.that常可省略.如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导.常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后.She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子.定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导.*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中.关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等.The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句. That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略.关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略.This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构.Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略. Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配.This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词.as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间.These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as 代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等.As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等.Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等.Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词.We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等.As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义.其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”.No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等.as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反.The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.。

各种从句的英语表达方式

各种从句的英语表达方式集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）从句c l a u s e从属句s u b o r d i n a t e c l a u s e 并列句c o o r d i n a t e c l a u s e 名词从句n o m i n a l c l a u s e 定语从句a t t r i b u t i v e c l a u s e 状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e 宾语从句o b j e c t c l a u s e 主语从句s u b j e c t c l a u s e 同位语从句a p p o s i t i v e c l a u s e时间状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f t i m e 地点状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f p l a c e 方式状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f m a n n e r 让步状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f c o n c e s s i o n 原因状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f c a u s e结果状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f r e s u l t目的状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f p u r p o s e条件状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f c o n d i t i o n真实条件状语从句a d v e r b i a l c l a u s e o f r e a l c o n d i t i o n非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition句子s e n t e n c e简单句s i m p l e s e n t e n c e并列句c o m p o u n d s e n t e n c e复合句c o m p l e x s e n t e n c e并列复合句c o m p o u n d c o m p l e x s e n t e n c e陈述句d e c l a r a t i v e s e n t e n c e疑问句i n t e r r o g a t i v e s e n t e n c e一般疑问句g e n e r a l q u e s t i o n 特殊疑问句s p e c i a l q u e s t i o n 选择疑问句a l t e r n a t i v e q u e s t i o n 附加疑问句t a g q u e s t i o n 反义疑问句d i s j u n c t i v e q u e s t i o n 修辞疑问句r h e t o r i c a l q u e s t i o n 感叹疑问句e x c l a m a t o r y q u e s t i o n存在句e x i s t e n t i a l s e n t e n c e 肯定句p o s i t i v e s e n t w e n c e 否定句n e g a t i v e s e n t e n c e 祈使句i m p e r a t i v e s e n t e n c e 省略句e l l i p t i c a l s e n t e n c e 感叹句e x c l a m a t o r y s e n t e n c e基本句型b a s i c s e n t e n c e p a t e r n句子成分m e m b e r s o f s e n t e n c e s 主语s u b j e c t谓语p r e d i c a t e宾语o b j e c t双宾语d u a l o b j e c t 直接宾语d i r e c t o b j e c t 间接宾语i n d i r e c t o b j e c t 复合宾语c o m p l e x o b j e c t 同源宾语c o g n a t e o b j e c t 补语c o m p l e m e n t主补s u b j e c t c o m p l e m e n t 宾补o b j e c t c o m p l e m e n t 表语p r e d i c a t i v e定语a t t r i b u t e同位语a p p o s i t i v e状语a d v e r b i a l人称p e r s o n第一人称f i r s t p e r s o n第二人称s e c o n d p e r s o n第三人称t h i r d p e r s o n时态t e n s e 一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 present perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去完成时 past perfect tense过去进行时 past continuous tene过去将来时 past future tense?将来完成时 future perfect tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity。

九种英语表语从句

九种英语表语从句表语从句是一个句子，用来描述或说明主句中的主语或宾语。

它通常用来表达人的感受、状态、判断、命令等。

下面是九种常见的英语表语从句。

1. 名词从句名词从句作为主语或宾语出现，起名词的作用。

常见的引导词有 "that", "whether", "if" 等。

例如：- He believes that she is innocent.（他相信她是无辜的。

）- I don't know whether I will pass the exam.（我不知道我是否会通过考试。

）2. 形容词从句形容词从句用来修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用。

常见的引导词有 "that", "which", "who" 等。

例如：- This is the book that I like.（这是我喜欢的书。

）- The person who helped me is my friend.（帮助我的人是我的朋友。

）3. 副词从句副词从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，起副词的作用。

常见的引导词有 "when", "where", "why", "how" 等。

例如：- I will call you when I arrive.（我到达时会打电话给你。

）- He explained why he was late.（他解释了他为什么迟到。

）4. 表语从句表语从句用来表示主语的状态、性质、身份等。

常见的引导词有 "that", "as if", "as though" 等。

例如：- The fact is that he is guilty.（事实是他有罪。

英语中各种从句的符号表示

英语中各种从句的符号表示1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

2、状语从句：由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。

3、名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

4、主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

5、宾语从句：名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的`宾语。

6、表语从句：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。

其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that 从句。

7、同位语从句：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt。

8、时间状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

英语从句(最简单通俗易懂)

从句名词性从句：就是这个些从句的作用，相当于一个名词，按作用分类分成：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

一、主语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1 、that ：万能词2 、whether ：是否，能否（表示怀疑）3 、what ：什么，⋯⋯的东西4、whatever ：无论⋯⋯5、who ：谁，（指人） 6 、whoever ：无论谁，任何人7 、which ：那一个，指代前提提到的东西8、wichever ：无论哪一个9 、whose ：谁的（所有格）10 、whom ：谁（who 的宾格）11 、whomever ：无论谁，任何人（whoever 的宾格）12 、how ：怎样，用什么方式13 、why ：为什么14 、when ：当⋯⋯时候（表示时间）15 、where ：在⋯⋯地点（表示地点）学习心得：从句在复合句中做主语，翻译的时候把一句话，就当一个名词来翻二、宾语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1 、that ：万能词（无意思，只是符号，有的时候会省略）2 、who ：谁，（指人）3 、why ：为什么4 、when ：当⋯⋯时候（表示时间）5 、which ：那一个，指代前提提到的东西6 、what ：什么，⋯⋯的东西7 、how ：怎样，用什么方式8 、whether ：是否，能否（表示怀疑）9 、if ：如果（表示假设）注：放在非谓语动词（动名词）后面的句子也叫做宾语从句如：knowing that ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯三、表语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1 、that ：万能词2 、whether ：是否，能否（表示怀疑）3 、what ：什么，⋯⋯的东西4 、whatever ：无论5、who ：谁，（指人） 6 、whoever ：无论谁，任何人7 、which ：那一个，指代前提提到的东西8、wichever ：无论哪一个9 、whose ：谁的（所有格）10 、whom ：谁（who 的宾格）11 、whomever ：无论谁，任何人（whoever 的宾格）12 、how ：怎样，（表示方式）13 、why ：为什么（表示原因）14 、when ：当⋯⋯时候（表示时间）15 、where ：在⋯⋯地点（表示地点）16、as if ：好像，似乎（表示可能）17 、as though ：好像，仿佛（表示可能）学习心得：用句子表示名词，在句中做表语，引导词跟主语从句一样。

各种英语从句类型

各种从句类型一、名词性从句1、主语从句：定义：从句充当复合句的主语。

位置：① 从句位于句首；②it (无意义)作形式主语放在句首，从句放在主句之后。

引导词：that ，whether ( 连词 )who，what ，which ，-ever (疑问代词/连接代词)when ，where ，how ，why ，-ever (疑问副词/连接副词 )练习：(1) 从句位于句首1. 物价要上涨是明显的(go up)2. 派谁去还没有决定3. 不清楚她为什么那样做(clear)4. 你对我说的话很有用(2)it 作形式主语5 .很奇怪他对此一无所知6. 碰巧那天她不在家( happen )*与强调句句型比较1. It is clear that he loves singing.2. It is in Shanghai that I saw the film.二、宾语从句定义：从句充当复合句中的宾语。

位置：在及物动词后(动宾结构) ；在介词后 (介宾结构) ；it 作形式宾语，从句放在主句后；主语+be+ 表语( adj. ) +宾从引导词：that、whether、if (连词)；who，whose，what，which，-ever (疑问代词/连接代词)；when,where,how,why (疑问副词/连接副词)练习：( 1 ) 动宾、介宾结构7. 我们认为这是圈套。

(圈套trick )8. 我会留意我是否能帮助你9. 请跟我谈谈任何使你烦心的事( trouble )(2)it 作形式宾语10. 我想当然地认为你会来(take it for granted)11. 我会很感谢如果你把电视的音量调低( would appreciate it )⑶主语+be+表语(adj.) +宾从12. 我确信他会赢( be sure )13. 我肯定她看见我了(be certain)三、表语从句定义：从句在复合句中充当表语。

英语中的各种从句详解

一．名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。

这类从句在句中可担任主语、表语、宾语和同位语，名词从句可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

1.主语从句在句子中担当主语的是一个句子，这个从句就叫作主语从句。

主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。

连词：that, whether连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever 等连接副词：when, where, how, why(1)由连词that, whether引导的主语从句连词that, whether在从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由that, whether引导的主语从句，多用it多形式主语e.g That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.地球是圆的，是一个事实。

Whether he’ll come or not hasn’t been decided.= It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come o r not.(2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句连接代词who, which和连接副词when, where, how, why都可以引导主语从句，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句，由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导e.g Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news. When we’ll start is not cl ear. =It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。

(3)以关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。

英语各种从句的用法

英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句.一、名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句.（一）主语从句考试重点：主语从句常用的连词的用法；it is desirable that引导的主语从句的用法.在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫主语从句.主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略.连词：that，whether 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever等.连接副词：when，where，how，why1、由连词that，whether引导的主语从句.连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由它们引导的主语从句，多用it做形式主语.（1）_____ was unimportant.A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or notB. No matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinnerD. What he enjoyed our dinner2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.）地球是圆的，是个事实.2、由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略.注意翻译时不能把它们译为疑问句.由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导.（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.）谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道.（2）When we’ll start is not clear.（It is not clear when we’ll start.）我们何时出发还不清楚.3、以连接代词what, whatever, whoever…引导的主语从句.What有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情.Who，whom，which，what，可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用.此类句子不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成份，不能省略，语序为陈述句的语序.（1）_____ I saw was two men crossing the street.A. WhatB. WhomC. WhoD. That4、句型It is desirable （suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形）.（1）It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged（二）表语从句考试重点：表语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的表语从句的用法.1、在从句中做表语的从句叫表语从句.它位于主句中的系动词之后，常用的关联词和主语从句相同.（1）This is what he wants. 这就是他想要的东西.（2）The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务.2、用suggestion等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气，从句中用should（可省略）+动词原形.（1）The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A. would leaveB. leaveC. leftD. have left（三）宾语从句考试重点：宾语从句用陈述句的语序；介词后面的宾语从句；suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气；if和whether 的区别.1、宾语从句用陈述句的语序（1）Can you tell me _____ about the city that makes people love it so much?A. it is whatB. what it isC. what is itD. is it what2、介词后面的宾语从句（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _____ she had gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the placeD. the place3、suggest，insist，order，demand等动词后作宾语时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气.①His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on4、在下列情况下不能用if , 而用whether.后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay. 他没有告诉我是走还是留下.前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could find the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题.引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们胜利也好，失败也好，对我来说都是一样的.后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车.(四) 同位语从句常跟在fact，idea，news等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导.1、Would the news _____ he failed to pass the exam bother you?A. whichB. thatC. of whichD. on which2、I had no idea that you were here. 我没有想到你会在这里.如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion，proposal等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词.should可以省略.1、My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted bythem.我的再做一次实验的建议被他们所接纳.2、His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher. 他提议他们和别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛.这个提议受到了老师的表扬.二、定语从句考试重点：限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法；关系副词when，where，why，引导的定语从句；带介词的定语从句；非限定性定语从句；“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句.在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.注意关系代词和关系副词在从句中的应用.（一）关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的定语从句1、The company official _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. whoD. of whom（二）关系副词when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句1、The time will come _____ man can fly to outer space freely.A. thatB. whenC. in thatD. which（三）关系代词前带介词的定语从句1、Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _____ she belonged.A. whichB. to whereC. to whichD. at which（四）非限定定语从句对被修饰的名词起附加说明，或进一步描述或补充.这种从句有一定的独立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，只是内容相对地不够具体.与主句之间常用逗号分开，所用的关系代词与限定性定语从句基本相同，但不能用关系代词that 引导.（1）An Old friend from abroad, _____I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.A. thatB. whomC. whoD. which （五）“名词（代词）+介词+关系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句.We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, _____is completely water proof.A. no of whichB. none of whichC. some of whichD. neither of which 考试重点：同位语从句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等词的同位语从句.三、状语从句在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句.常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果.考试重点：状语从句的种类及一些连词的基本用法；让步状语从句；unless，supposed （that），whomever，whenever，wherever等连词的含义和用法.一）时间状语从句常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardly…when，no sooner…than，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一…就…）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after二）条件状语从句常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要.1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.A. UnlessB. IfC. BecauseD. Provided三）、原因状语从句常用：because, as, since.如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用because引入；而since表示一种间接或附带的原因；用as 只是提一下.1、He cannot go to school because he is ill. 他因为生病不能上学.2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实.四）让步状语从句常用though/although，as （尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等.1、In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. wherever2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you areB. Whomever you areC. Whoever you areD. No matter who are you五）方式状语从句常用as, just as, as if/though 等词.1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known六）目的状语从句常用so that , in order that, lest （以免，以防）, in case.1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it.A. in caseB. in case ofC. in order thatD. for fear of2、I’ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话.七）结果状语从句常用so…that, such…that They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.专注于活动方案总结，小学初中高中试卷，可以编辑的文档，欢迎下载使用本文档来源网络，由于文档太多，审核有可能疏忽，如果有错误或侵权，请联系本店马上删除。

英语中总共有六大从句区分方法

英语中总共有六大从句,区分方法,用法,及例子如下：1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末.常见的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语.What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序.How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后.连词that常可省略.介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句.in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句.*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后.He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式.He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中.表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导.that常可省略.如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导.常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后.She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子.定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导.*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中.关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等.The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句. That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略.关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略.This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构.Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略. Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配.This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词.as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间.These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as 代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等.As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等.Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等.Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词.We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等.As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义.其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”.No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等.as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反.The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.。