GATT-关税贸易总协定-中英文版
wto组织的英文作文
wto组织的英文作文(中英文实用版)The World Trade Organization,WTO, serves as a crucial institution in the realm of international trade, fostering an environment that promotes economic growth and cooperation among member states.With its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the WTO operates under the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, and rule-based systems.世界贸易组织（WTO）在国际贸易领域发挥着至关重要的作用，它为成员国之间的经济成长与合作创造了有利环境。
总部位于瑞士日内瓦的世贸组织，遵循透明度、非歧视和基于规则的原则运作。
Established in 1995, the WTO replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and currently encompasses 164 member countries, accounting for over 98% of global trade.Its primary objectives include ensuring the smooth flow of goods and services, protecting intellectual property rights, and resolving trade disputes.成立于1995年的世贸组织取代了关税及贸易总协定（GATT），目前拥有164个成员国，涵盖全球98%以上的贸易。
关税与贸易总协定条文
关税与贸易总协定条文
《关税与贸易总协定》（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade，GATT）是国际贸易领域最重要的多边协定之一，旨在规范全球贸易和关税政策。
该协定包含了多个条文，以下是其中几个重要的条文：
1. 最惠国待遇原则（Most-Favored Nation Treatment，MFN）：根据该原则，缔约国应当将任何优惠待遇或优惠条件应用于一国的产品时，同样地应当对其他缔约国的产品采取相同的待遇或条件。
2. 关税及贸易总规则（General Rules and disciplines on Tariffs and Trade）：该条文规定了关于关税和非关税壁垒的一般规则，包括关税调整、优惠税率、数量限制等。
3. 限制性措施（Restrictive Measures）：该条文规定了限制性
措施的使用条件和程序，包括反倾销措施、特别保护措施等。
4. 消费税与内部税收措施（Excise Taxes and Internal Taxation Measures）：该条文规定了国内税收措施对进口产品的应用条
件和限制。
5. 技术壁垒措施（Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT）：该条文规定了国际贸易中的技术壁垒的管理和规范。
6. 农业贸易（Agricultural Trade）：该条文规定了关于农产品
贸易和补贴的规则，包括农产品市场准入、补贴限制等。
这些条文被视为全球贸易的基本规则，并且为世界贸易组织（WTO）的成立奠定了基础。
GATT 1947 (中文)
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关税与贸易总协定(GATT 1947)
及此类缔约方维持的从量关税和费用的优惠幅度，以本协定订立之日基金接受或临时认可的 有关货币的平价表示。因此，如此平价以符合《国际货币基金组织协定》的方式降低超过百 分之二十时，此类从量关税和费用及优惠幅度可考虑该项降低而进行调整；只要缔约方全体 （即按第 25 条的规定采取联合行动的各缔约方）同意此类调整不致减损有关减让表或本协定 其他部分所规定减让的价值，同时应适当考虑可影响此类调整的必要性或紧迫性的所有因素。
国际贸易缩略语 中英文对照
国际贸易缩略语中英文对照国际贸易缩略语中英文对照1. 国际贸易常用简称1.1 FOB：Free on Board（货物已装船船上交付）1.2 CIF：Cost, Insurance and Freight（成本，保险费和运费）1.3 EXW：Ex Works（离岸价）1.4 C&F：Cost and Freight（成本和运费）1.5 DAP：Delivered at Place（交货地点）1.6 L/C：Letter of Credit（信用证）1.7 T/T：Telegraphic Transfer（电汇）1.8 WTO：World Trade Organization（世界贸易组织）1.9 GATT：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税和贸易总协定）1.10 NAFTA：North American Free Trade Agreement（北美自由贸易协定）2. 运输相关简称2.1 ETA：Estimated Time of Arrival（预计到达时间）2.2 ETD：Estimated Time of Departure（预计离港时间）2.3 B/L：Bill of Lading（提单）2.4 D/O：Delivery Order（交货单）2.5 C/O：Certificate of Origin（原产地证明）2.6 HBL：House Bill of Lading（分提单）2.7 MBL：Master Bill of Lading（总提单）2.8 TEU：Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit（20英尺柜）2.9 FEU：Forty-foot Equivalent Unit（40英尺柜）2.10 CY：Contner Yard（货柜场）3. 支付和结算相关简称3.1 T/T：Telegraphic Transfer（电汇）3.2 L/C：Letter of Credit（信用证）3.3 CAD：Cash Agnst Documents（单据付款）3.4 D/P：Documents Agnst Payment（付款交单）3.5 D/A：Documents Agnst Acceptance（承兑交单）3.6 RMB：Renminbi（人民币）3.7 USD：United States Dollar（美元）3.8 EUR：Euro（欧元）3.9 GBP：Great British Pound（英镑）3.10 JPY：Japanese Yen（日元）4. 海关和报关相关简称4.1 HS Code：Harmonized System Code（海关商品编码）4.2 CCIC：China Certification & Inspection Group（中国检验认证集团）4.3 AQSIQ：General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine（国家质检总局）4.4 COO：Certificate of Origin（原产地证明）4.5 CIQ：China Inspection and Quarantine（中国检验检疫局）4.6 PSC：Port State Control（港口国监督检查）5. 质检和贸易术语简称5.1 QC：Quality Control（质量控制）5.2 QA：Quality Assurance（质量保证）5.3 MOQ：Minimum Order Quantity（最低起订量）5.4 OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer（原始设备制造商）5.5 ODM：Original Design Manufacturer（原始设计制造商）5.6 FOB：Free on Board（离岸价）5.7 R&D：Research and Development（研究与开发）5.8 AQL：Acceptable Quality Level（可接受质量水平）5.9 SKU：Stock Keeping Unit（库存量单位）5.10 CRM：Customer Relationship Management（客户关系管理）附件：请参考附件A，附件B，附件C等。
关税与贸易总协定条文
关税与贸易总协定条文一、引言关税与贸易总协定（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade，简称GATT）是一个多边的国际贸易协定，旨在促进全球贸易自由化和贸易规则的制定与执行。
本文将就关税与贸易总协定的条文进行全面、详细、完整且深入地探讨。
二、GATT的历史与背景2.1 GATT的成立GATT于1947年成立，是世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，简称WTO）的前身。
成立GATT的目的是为了解决二战后世界经济重建和推动全球贸易的发展。
2.2 GATT的原则和目标GATT的原则和目标主要包括最惠国待遇、国民待遇、关税减让和非歧视性。
最惠国待遇指成员国应平等对待所有成员国，不得给予某个成员国特殊待遇。
国民待遇则要求成员国在对外贸易中应平等对待国内和外国产品。
关税减让是指成员国应逐步降低关税以促进贸易自由化。
非歧视性要求成员国不得对某个成员国的产品采取歧视性的贸易限制措施。
三、GATT的条文解析3.1 条文一：最惠国待遇最惠国待遇是GATT的核心原则之一，也是GATT条文中的第一条。
根据最惠国待遇原则，成员国应当对所有其他成员国的产品给予同等的待遇，不得对某个成员国的产品设置歧视性的关税或非关税壁垒。
3.2 条文二：国民待遇国民待遇是GATT的另一个重要原则，也是GATT条文中的第二条。
根据国民待遇原则，成员国应当在对外贸易中平等对待国内和外国产品，不得对国内产品给予特殊待遇。
3.3 条文三：关税减让关税减让是GATT的重要内容之一，也是GATT条文中的第三条。
根据关税减让原则，成员国应逐步降低关税以促进贸易自由化。
GATT规定了关税减让的具体内容和步骤，包括关税减让的幅度、时间表和执行机制等。
3.4 条文四：非歧视性非歧视性是GATT的另一个重要原则，也是GATT条文中的第四条。
根据非歧视性原则，成员国不得对某个成员国的产品采取歧视性的贸易限制措施，应平等对待所有成员国的产品。
关税与贸易总协定 全文
關稅與貿易總協定（GATT 1947）本附錄包含總協定的完整文本，以及自生效以來生效的所有修正。
為方便讀者，用星號（*）標出文本中應與總協定附件Ⅰ中註釋和補充規定一起理解的部分。
關稅與貿易總協定澳大利亞聯邦、比利時王國、巴西合眾國、緬甸、加拿大、錫蘭、智利共和國、中國、古巴共和國、捷克斯洛伐克共和國、法蘭西共和國、印度、黎巴嫩、盧森堡大公國、荷蘭王國、新西蘭、挪威王國、巴基斯坦、南羅得西亞、敘利亞、南非聯邦、大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國和美利堅合眾國政府：認識到在處理它們在貿易和經濟領域的關係時，應以提高生活水準、保證充分就業、保證實際收入和有效需求的大幅穩定增長、實現世界資源的充分開利用以及擴大貨物的生產和交換為目的，期望通過達成互惠互利安排，實質性削減關稅和其他貿易壁壘，消除國際貿易中的歧視待遇，從而為實現這些目標做出貢獻，通過它們的代表達成協定如下：第一部分第1條普遍最惠國待遇1．在對進口或出口、有關進口或出口或對進口或出口產品的國際支付轉移所徵收的關稅和費用方面，在徵收此類關稅和費用的方法方面，在有關進口和出口的全部規章手續方面，以及在第3條第2款和第4款所指的所有事項方面，*任何締約方給予來自或運往任何其他國家任何產品的利益、優惠、特權或豁免應立即無條件地給予來自或運往所有其他締約方領土的同類產品。
2．任何有關進口關稅或費用的優惠，如不超過本條第4款規定的水準並屬下列描述的範圍，則不需根據本條第1款的規定予以取消：（a）本協定附件1所列只在兩個或兩個以上領土之向實施的優惠，但需遵守該附件中所列條件；（b）本協定附件附件B、附件C和附件D所列、只在1939年7月1日以共同主權、保護關係或宗教主權相結合的兩個或兩個以上領土之間實施的優惠；但需遵守這些附件中所列文件；（c）只在美利堅合眾國與古巴共和國之間實施的優惠；（d）只在本協定附件E和附件F所列相鄰國家之間實施的優惠。
3．第1款的規定不得適用於原屬奧托曼帝國、後於1923年7月24日與該帝國分離的國家之間的優惠，只要此類優惠根據第25條第5款1的規定獲得批准，在此方面應按照第29條第1款的規定實施第25條第5款。
知识产权专业术语中英文对照
知识产权专业术语中英文对照世界贸易组织《WTO》 WORLDTRADEORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定《GATT》GENERAL AGREEMENTONTARIFFSANDTRADE亚太经济合作组织《APEC》ASIAPACIFICECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议《TRIPS》AGREEMENTONTRADERELATEDASPECTSOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIG 世界知识产权组织《WIPO》WORLDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONALBOARDOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHT 保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTIONFORTHEPROTECTIONOFINDUSTRIALPROPERTY 商标国际注册马德里协定MADRIDAGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALREGISTRATIONO 商标注册条约《TRT》TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONTREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICEAGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATIONOF SERVICESFORTHEPURPOSEOFTHEREGISTRATIONOFMARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNAAGREEMENTFORESTABLISHINGAND INTERNATIONALCLASSFICATIONOFTHEFIGURATIVEELEMENTSOFMARKS 专利合作条约《PCT》PATENTCO－OPERATIONTREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY产PATENTCONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定《SA》STRASBOURGAGREEMENT工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THEHAGUE AGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALDEPOSITOFINDUSTRIALD 工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNOAGREEMENT ONESTABLISHINGANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATIONFORINDUSTRIA 商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会（SCT）STANDINGCOMMITTEEONTHELAWOFTRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIAL DESIGNANDGERGRAPHICALINDICATION国际专利文献中心《INPADOC》INTERNATIONALPATENTDOCUMENTATIONCENTER欧洲专利局《EPO》EUROPEANPATENTOFFICE欧洲专利公约 EUROPEAN PATENTCONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADEMARKOFFIICEOFBELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATIONOF AFRICANINTELLECTUALPROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONALTRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TTRADEMARKLAW OFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAWOFUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNI 美国商标法TRADEMARKLAWOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARKLAW商标TRADEMARK商标局 TRADEMARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARKLAW文字商标 WORDMARK图形商标 FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标 CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标 COLLECTIVEMARK驰名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标 FAMOUYSMARK近似商标 SIMILARMARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK服务标记 SERVICEMARK注册商标 REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARKREGISTRANT注册申请日 APPLICATIONDATEOFTRADEMARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证 TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONNUMBER商标注册日 TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONDATE商标注册簿TRADEMARKREGISTEREDBOOK注册有效期 THETERMOFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFORTRADEMARKREGISTRATION注册查询 TRADEMARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWALOFTRADEMARK分别申请 SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请 NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDINGCHANGES注册代理 TRADEMARKAGENCY注册公告TRADEMARKPUBLICATION申请注册 APPLICATIONFORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWALOFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOFASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATIONOFNAME／ADDRESSOFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS补发商标证书REISSUANCEOFREGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标 REMOVAL证明 CERTIFICATION异议 OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOFLICENSECONTRACT驳回商标复审 REVIEWOFREFUSEDTRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEWOFREFUSEDRENEWAL驳回转让复审 REVIEWOFREFUSEDASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEWOFADJUDICATIONONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEWOFADJUDICATIONONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONONDISPUTEDREGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATIONONCANCELLATIONOFIMPROPERLYREGISTEREDTRADEMA 撤销注册不当复审REVIEWONCANCELLATIONOFIMPROPERLYREGISTEREDTRADEMARK 处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITHINFRINGEMENT优先权 PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATEOFPRIORITY注册商标使用人 USEROFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHTTOUSEREGISTEREDTRADEMARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK使用在先原则PRINCIPLEOFFIRSTTOUSE注册在先原则PRINCIPLEOFFIRSTAPPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSFICATIONOFGOODS专利 PATENT专利权 PATENTRIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENTAGENCY产品专利 PRODUCTPATENT专利性 PATENTABLITY专利申请权 RIGHTTOAPPLYFORAPATENT实用新颖UTILITYMODEL专有性 MONOPOLY专利的新颖性 NOVELTYOFPATENT专利的实用性PRACTICALAPPLICABILITY专利的创造性 INVENTIVE专利文件 PATENTDOCUMENT专利申请文件PATENTAPPLICATIONDOCUMENT 专利请求书 PATENTREQUEST专利说明书PATENTSPECIFICATION专利要求书 PATENTCLAIM专利证书 LETTEROFPATENT商标淡化法TRADEMARKDILUTIONACT商标权的权利穷竭 EXHAUSTIONTRADEMARK平行进口PARALLELIMPORT灰色进口 GRAYIMPORT反向假冒 REVERSEPASSING－OFF显行反向假冒EXPRESSREVERSEPASSING－OFF 隐形反向假冒 IMPLIEDREVERSEPASSING－OFF 附带使用COLLATERALUSE知识产权 INTELLECTURLPROPERTY工业产权INDUSTRIALPROPERTY外观设计 DESIGN发明 INVENTION发明人 INVENTOR货源标记INDICATIONOFSOURCE原产地名称 APPELLATIONOFORIGIN（AOS）地理标记GEOPRAPHICALINDICATION（GIS）。
GATT1994中英
1994年关税与贸易总协定（英文版）GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 19941. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994") shall consist of:(a) the provisions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated 30 October 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment (excluding the Protocol of Provisional Application), as rectified, amended or modified by the terms of legal instruments which have entered into force before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement;(b) the provisions of the legal instruments set forth below that have entered into force under the GATT 1947 before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement:(i) protocols and certifications relating to tariff concessions;(ii) protocols of accession (excluding the provisions (a) concerning provisional application and withdrawal of provisional application and (b) providing that Part II of GATT 1947 shall be applied provisionally to the fullest extent not inconsistent with legislation existing on the date of the Protocol);(iii) decisions on waivers granted under Article XXV of GATT 1947 and still in force on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement ;(iv) other decisions of the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947;(c) the Understandings set forth below:(i) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article II:1(b) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(ii) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(iii) Understanding on Balance-of-Payments Provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(iv) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(v) Understanding in Respect of Waivers of Obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(vi) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; and(d) the Marrakesh Protocol to GATT 1994.2. Explanatory Notes(a) The references to "contracting party" in the provisions of GATT 1994 shall be deemed to read "Member". The references to "less-developed contracting party" and "developed contracting party" shall be deemed to read "developing country Member" and "developed country Member". The references to "Executive Secretary" shall be deemed to read "Director-General of the WTO".(b) The references to the CONTRACTING PARTIES acting jointly in Articles XV:1, XV:2, XV:8, XXXVIII and the Notes Ad Article XII and XVIII; and in the provisions on special exchange agreements in Articles XV:2, XV:3, XV:6, XV:7 and XV:9 of GATT 1994 shall be deemed to be references to the WTO. The other functions that the provisions of GATT 1994 assign to the CONTRACTING PARTIES acting jointly shall be allocated by the Ministerial Conference.(c) (i) The text of GATT 1994 shall be authentic in English, French and Spanish.(ii) The text of GATT 1994 in the French language shall be subject to the rectifications of terms indicated in Annex A to document MTN.TNC/41.(iii) The authentic text of GATT 1994 in the Spanish language shall be the text in Volume IV of the Basic Instruments and Selected Documents series, subject to the rectifications of terms indicated in Annex B to document MTN.TNC/41.3. (a) The provisions of Part II of GATT 1994 shall not apply to measures taken by a Member under specific mandatory legislation, enacted by that Member before it became a contracting party to GATT 1947, that prohibits the use, sale or lease of foreign-built or foreign-reconstructed vessels in commercial applications between points in national waters or the waters of an exclusive economic zone. This exemption applies to: (a) the continuation or prompt renewal of a non-conforming provision of such legislation; and (b) the amendment to a non-conforming provision of such legislation to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the provision with Part II of GATT 1947. This exemption is limited to measures taken under legislation described above that is notified and specified prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement. If such legislation is subsequently modified to decrease its conformity with Part II of GATT 1994, it will no longer qualify for coverage under this paragraph.(b) The Ministerial Conference shall review this exemption not later than five years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement and thereafter every two years for as long as the exemption is in force for the purpose of examining whether the conditions which created the need for the exemption still prevail.(c) A Member whose measures are covered by this exemption shall annually submit a detailed statistical notification consisting of a five-year moving average of actual and expected deliveries of relevant vessels as well as additional information on the use, sale, lease or repair of relevant vessels covered by this exemption.(d) A Member that considers that this exemption operates in such a manner as to justify a reciprocal and proportionate limitation on the use, sale, lease or repair of vessels constructed in the territory of the Member invoking the exemption shall be free to introduce such a limitation subject to prior notification to the Ministerial Conference.(e) This exemption is without prejudice to solutions concerning specific aspects of the legislation covered by this exemption negotiated in sectoral agreements or in other fora.UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE II:1(b)OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members hereby agree as follows:1. In order to ensure transparency of the legal rights and obligations deriving from paragraph 1(b) of Article II, the nature and level of any "other duties or charges" levied on bound tariff items, as referred to in that provision, shall be recorded in the Schedules of concessions annexed to GATT 1994 against the tariff item to which they apply. It is understood that such recording does not change the legal character of "other duties or charges".2. The date as of which "other duties or charges" are bound, for the purposes of Article II, shall be 15 April 1994. "Other duties or charges" shall therefore be recorded in the Schedules at the levels applying on this date. At each subsequent renegotiation of a concession or negotiation of a new concession the applicable date for the tariff item in question shall become the date of the incorporation of the new concession in the appropriate Schedule. However, the date of the instrument by which a concession on any particular tariff item was first incorporated into GATT 1947 or GATT 1994 shall also continue to be recorded in column 6 of the Loose-Leaf Schedules.3. "Other duties or charges" shall be recorded in respect of all tariff bindings.4. Where a tariff item has previously been the subject of a concession, the level of "other duties or charges" recorded in the appropriate Schedule shall not be higher than the level obtaining at the time of the first incorporation of the concession in that Schedule. It will be open to any Member to challenge the existence of an "other duty or charge", on the ground that no such "other duty or charge" existed at the time of the original binding of the item in question, as well as the consistency of the recorded level of any "other duty or charge" with the previouslybound level, for a period of three years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement or three years after the date of deposit with the Director-General of the WTO of the instrument incorporating the Schedule in question into GATT 1994, if that is a later date.5. The recording of "other duties or charges" in the Schedules is without prejudice to their consistency with rights and obligations under GATT 1994 other than those affected by paragraph 4. All Members retain the right to challenge, at any time, the consistency of any "other duty or charge" with such obligations.6. For the purposes of this Understanding, the provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply.7. "Other duties or charges" omitted from a Schedule at the time of deposit of the instrument incorporating the Schedule in question into GATT 1994 with, until the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 or, thereafter, with the Director-General of the WTO, shall not subsequently be added to it and any "other duty or charge" recorded at a level lower than that prevailing on the applicable date shall not be restored to that level unless such additions or changes are made within six months of the date of deposit of the instrument.8. The decision in paragraph 2 regarding the date applicable to each concession for the purposes of paragraph 1(b) of Article II of GATT 1994 supersedes the decision regarding the applicable date taken on 26 March 1980 (BISD 27S/24).UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVIIOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Noting that Article XVII provides for obligations on Members in respect of the activities of the state trading enterprises referred to in paragraph 1 of Article XVII, which are required to be consistent with the general principles of non-discriminatory treatment prescribed in GATT 1994 for governmental measures affecting imports or exports by private traders;Noting further that Members are subject to their GATT 1994 obligations in respect of those governmental measures affecting state trading enterprises;Recognizing that this Understanding is without prejudice to the substantive disciplines prescribed in Article XVII;Hereby agree as follows:1. In order to ensure the transparency of the activities of state trading enterprises, Members shall notify such enterprises to the Council for Trade in Goods, for review by the working party to be set up under paragraph 5, in accordance with the following working definition: "Governmental and non-governmental enterprises, including marketing boards, which have been granted exclusive or special rights or privileges, including statutory or constitutional powers, in the exercise of which they influence through their purchases or sales the level or direction of imports or exports."This notification requirement does not apply to imports of products for immediate or ultimate consumption in governmental use or in use by an enterprise as specified above and not otherwise for resale or use in the production of goods for sale.2. Each Member shall conduct a review of its policy with regard to the submission of notifications on state trading enterprises to the Council for Trade in Goods, taking account of the provisions of this Understanding. In carrying out such a review, each Member should have regard to the need to ensure the maximum transparency possible in its notifications so as to permit a clear appreciation of the manner of operation of the enterprises notified and the effect of their operations on international trade.3. Notifications shall be made in accordance with the questionnaire on state trading adopted on 24 May 1960 (BISD 9S/184-185), it being understood that Members shall notify the enterprises referred to in paragraph 1 whether or not imports or exports have in fact taken place.4. Any Member which has reason to believe that another Member has not adequately met its notification obligation may raise the matter with the Member concerned. If the matter is not satisfactorily resolved it may make a counter-notification to the Council for Trade in Goods, for consideration by the working party set up under paragraph 5, simultaneously informing the Member concerned.5. A working party shall be set up, on behalf of the Council for Trade in Goods, to review notifications and counter-notifications. In the light of this review and without prejudice to paragraph 4(c) of Article XVII, the Council for Trade in Goods may make recommendations with regard to the adequacy of notifications and the need for further information. The working party shall also review, in the light of the notifications received, the adequacy of the above-mentioned questionnaire on state trading and the coverage of state trading enterprises notified under paragraph 1. It shall also develop an illustrative list showing the kinds of relationships between governments and enterprises, and the kinds of activities, engaged in by these enterprises, which may be relevant for the purposes of Article XVII. It is understood that the Secretariat will provide a general background paper for the working party on the operations of state trading enterprises as they relate to international trade. Membership of the working party shall be open to all Members indicating their wish to serve on it. It shall meet within a year of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement and thereafter at least once a year. It shall report annually to the Council for Trade in Goods.UNDERSTANDING ON THE BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS PROVISIONSOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Recognizing the provisions of Articles XII and XVIII:B of GATT 1994 and of the Declaration on Trade Measures Taken for Balance-of-Payments Purposes adopted on 28 November 1979 (BISD 26S/205-209, referred to in this Understanding as the "1979 Declaration") and in order to clarify such provisions ;Hereby agree as follows:Application of Measures1. Members confirm their commitment to announce publicly, as soon as possible, time-schedules for the removal of restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes. It is understood that such time-schedules may be modified as appropriate to take into account changes in the balance-of-payments situation. Whenever a time-schedule is not publicly announced by a Member, that Member shall provide justification as to the reasons therefor.2. Members confirm their commitment to give preference to those measures which have the least disruptive effect on trade. Such measures (referred to in this Understanding as "price-based measures") shall be understood to include import surcharges, import deposit requirements or other equivalent trade measures with an impact on the price of imported goods. It is understood that, notwithstanding the provisions of Article II, price-based measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes may be applied by a Member in excess of the duties inscribed in the Schedule of that Member. Furthermore, that Member shall indicate the amount by which the price-based measure exceeds the bound duty clearly and separately under the notification procedures of this Understanding.3. Members shall seek to avoid the imposition of new quantitative restrictions for balance-of-payments purposes unless, because of a critical balance-of-payments situation, price-based measures cannot arrest a sharp deterioration in the external payments position. In those cases in which a Member applies quantitative restrictions, it shall provide justification as to the reasons why price-based measures are not an adequate instrument to deal with the balance-of-payments situation. A Member maintaining quantitative restrictions shall indicate insuccessive consultations the progress made in significantly reducing the incidence and restrictive effect of such measures. It is understood that not more than one type of restrictive import measure taken for balance-of-payments purposes may be applied on the same product.4. Members confirm that restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes may only be applied to control the general level of imports and may not exceed what is necessary to address the balance-of-payments situation. In order to minimize any incidental protective effects, a Member shall administer restrictions in a transparent manner. The authorities of the importing Member shall provide adequate justification as to the criteria used to determine which products are subject to restriction. As provided in paragraph 3 of Article XII and paragraph 10 of Article XVIII, Members may, in the case of certain essential products, exclude or limit the application of surcharges applied across the board or other measures applied for balance-of-payments purposes. The term "essential products" shall be understood to mean products which meet basic consumption needs or which contribute to the Member''s effort to improve its balance-of-payments situation, such as capital goods or inputs needed for production. In the administration of quantitative restrictions, a Member shall use discretionary licensing only when unavoidable and shall phase it out progressively. Appropriate justification shall be provided as to the criteria used to determine allowable import quantities or values.Procedures for Balance-of-Payments Consultations5. The Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (referred to in this Understanding as the "Committee") shall carry out consultations in order to review all restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes. The membership of the Committee is open to all Members indicating their wish to serve on it. The Committee shall follow the procedures for consultations on balance-of-payments restrictions approved on 28 April 1970 (BISD 18S/48-53, referred to in this Understanding as "full consultation procedures"), subject to the provisions set out below.6. A Member applying new restrictions or raising the general level of its existing restrictions by a substantial intensification of the measures shall enter into consultations with the Committee within four months of the adoption of such measures. The Member adopting such measures may requestthat a consultation be held under paragraph 4(a) of Article XII or paragraph 12(a) of Article XVIII as appropriate. If no such request has been made, the Chairman of the Committee shall invite the Member to hold such a consultation. Factors that may be examined in the consultation would include, inter alia, the introduction of new types of restrictive measures for balance-of-payments purposes, or an increase in the level or product coverage of restrictions.7. All restrictions applied for balance-of-payments purposes shall be subject to periodic review in the Committee under paragraph 4(b) of Article XII or under paragraph 12(b) of Article XVIII, subject to the possibility of altering the periodicity of consultations in agreement with the consulting Member or pursuant to any specific review procedure that may be recommended by the General Council.8. Consultations may be held under the simplified procedures approved on 19 December 1972 (BISD 20S/47-49, referred to in this Understanding as "simplified consultation procedures") in the case of least-developed country Members or in the case of developing country Members which are pursuing liberalization efforts in conformity with the schedule presented to the Committee in previous consultations. Simplified consultation procedures may also be used when the Trade Policy Review of a developing country Member is scheduled for the same calendar year as the date fixed for the consultations. In such cases the decision as to whether full consultation procedures should be used will be made on the basis of the factors enumerated in paragraph 8 of the 1979 Declaration. Except in the case of least-developed country Members, no more than two successive consultations may be held under simplified consultation procedures.Notification and Documentation9. A Member shall notify to the General Council the introduction of or any changes in the application of restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes, as well as any modifications in time-schedules for the removal of such measures as announced under paragraph 1. Significant changes shall be notified to the General Council prior to or not later than 30 days after their announcement. On a yearly basis, each Member shall make available to the Secretariat a consolidated notification, including all changes in laws, regulations, policystatements or public notices, for examination by Members. Notifications shall include full information, as far as possible, at the tariff-line level, on the type of measures applied, the criteria used for their administration, product coverage and trade flows affected.10. At the request of any Member, notifications may be reviewed by the Committee. Such reviews would be limited to the clarification of specific issues raised by a notification or examination of whether a consultation under paragraph 4(a) of Article XII or paragraph 12(a) of Article XVIII is required. Members which have reasons to believe that a restrictive import measure applied by another Member was taken for balance-of-payments purposes may bring the matter to the attention of the Committee. The Chairman of the Committee shall request information on the measure and make it available to all Members. Without prejudice to the right of any member of the Committee to seek appropriate clarifications in the course of consultations, questions may be submitted in advance for consideration by the consulting Member.11. The consulting Member shall prepare a Basic Document for the consultations which, in addition to any other information considered to be relevant, should include: (a) an overview of the balance-of-payments situation and prospects, including a consideration of the internal and external factors having a bearing on the balance-of-payments situation and the domestic policy measures taken in order to restore equilibrium on a sound and lasting basis; (b) a full description of the restrictions applied for balance-of-payments purposes, their legal basis and steps taken to reduce incidental protective effects; (c) measures taken since the last consultation to liberalize import restrictions, in the light of the conclusions of the Committee; (d) a plan for the elimination and progressive relaxation of remaining restrictions. References may be made, when relevant, to the information provided in other notifications or reports made to the WTO. Under simplified consultation procedures, the consulting Member shall submit a written statement containing essential information on the elements covered by the Basic Document.12. The Secretariat shall, with a view to facilitating the consultations in the Committee, preparea factual background paper dealing with the different aspects of the plan for consultations. In the case of developing country Members, the Secretariat document shall include relevant background and analytical material on the incidence of the external trading environment on thebalance-of-payments situation and prospects of the consulting Member. The technical assistance services of the Secretariat shall, at the request of a developing country Member, assist in preparing the documentation for the consultations.Conclusions of Balance-of-Payments Consultations13. The Committee shall report on its consultations to the General Council. When full consultation procedures have been used, the report should indicate the Committee''s conclusions on the different elements of the plan for consultations, as well as the facts and reasons on which they are based. The Committee shall endeavour to include in its conclusions proposals for recommendations aimed at promoting the implementation of Articles XII and XVIII:B, the 1979 Declaration and this Understanding. In those cases in which a time-schedule has been presented for the removal of restrictive measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes, the General Council may recommend that, in adhering to such a time-schedule, a Member shall be deemed to be in compliance with its GATT 1994 obligations. Whenever the General Council has made specific recommendations, the rights and obligations of Members shall be assessed in the light of such recommendations. In the absence of specific proposals for recommendations by the General Council, the Committee''s conclusions should record the different views expressed in the Committee. When simplified consultation procedures have been used, the report shall include a summary of the main elements discussed in the Committee and a decision on whether full consultation procedures are required.UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XXIVOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Having regard to the provisions of Article XXIV of GATT 1994;Recognizing that customs unions and free trade areas have greatly increased in number and importance since the establishment of GATT 1947 and today cover a significant proportion of world trade;Recognizing the contribution to the expansion of world trade that may be made by closer integration between the economies of the parties to such agreements;Recognizing also that such contribution is increased if the elimination between the constituent territories of duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce extends to all trade, and diminished if any major sector of trade is excluded;Reaffirming that the purpose of such agreements should be to facilitate trade between the constituent territories and not to raise barriers to the trade of other Members with such territories; and that in their formation or enlargement the parties to them should to the greatest possible extent avoid creating adverse effects on the trade of other Members;Convinced also of the need to reinforce the effectiveness of the role of the Council for Trade in Goods in reviewing agreements notified under Article XXIV, by clarifying the criteria and procedures for the assessment of new or enlarged agreements, and improving the transparency of all Article XXIV agreements;Recognizing the need for a common understanding of the obligations of Members under paragraph 12 of Article XXIV;Hereby agree as follows:1. Customs unions, free-trade areas, and interim agreements leading to the formation of a customs union or free-trade area, to be consistent with Article XXIV, must satisfy, inter alia, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of that Article.Article XXIV:52. The evaluation under paragraph 5(a) of Article XXIV of the general incidence of the duties and other regulations of commerce applicable before and after the formation of a customs union shall in respect of duties and charges be based upon an overall assessment of weighted average tariff rates and of customs duties collected. This assessment shall be based on import statistics for a previous representative period to be supplied by the customs union, on a tariff-line basis and in values and quantities, broken down by WTO country of origin. The Secretariat shall compute the weighted average tariff rates and customs duties collected in accordance with the methodology used in the assessment of tariff offers in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. For this purpose, the duties and charges to be taken into consideration shall be the applied rates of duty. It is recognized that for the purpose of the overall assessment of the incidence of other regulations of commerce for which quantification and aggregation are difficult, the examination of individual measures, regulations, products covered and trade flows affected may be required.3. The "reasonable length of time" referred to in paragraph 5(c) of Article XXIV should exceed 10 years only in exceptional cases. In cases where Members parties to an interim agreement believe that 10 years would be insufficient they shall provide a full explanation to the Council for Trade in Goods of the need for a longer period.Article XXIV:64. Paragraph 6 of Article XXIV establishes the procedure to be followed when a Member forminga customs union proposes to increase a bound rate of duty. In this regard Members reaffirm that the procedure set forth in Article XXVIII, as elaborated in the guidelines adopted on 10 November 1980 (BISD 27S/26-28) and in the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXVIII of GATT 1994, must be commenced before tariff concessions are modified or withdrawn upon the formation of a customs union or an interim agreement leading to the formation of a customs union.5. These negotiations will be entered into in good faith with a view to achieving mutually satisfactory compensatory adjustment. In such negotiations, as required by paragraph 6 of Article XXIV, due account shall be taken of reductions of duties on the same tariff line made by other constituents of the customs union upon its formation. Should such reductions not be sufficient。
WTO
世界贸易组织一：中英全称GA TT——General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade——关税与贸易总协定WTO——World Trade Organization——世界贸易组织（95年1月1日正式成立）IMF——International Monetary Fund——国际货币基金组织IBRD——International Bank of Reconstruction and Development——国际复兴开发银行GA TT1994——《1994年关税与贸易总协定》GA TS——General Agreement on Trade in Services——《服务贸易总协定》TRIPS——Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights——《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》DSB——Dispute settlement body——WTO争端解决机制ICSID——International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes——解决投资争端国际中心（WB的争端解决机制）TPRB——Trade Policy Review Body ——贸易政策评审机构UNCTAD——United Nations Conference on Trade and Development——联合国贸易与发展会议NGOS——Non-government Organizations——非政府间组织RIAS——Regional Integration agreements——区域经济一体化FTA——Free Trade Area——自由贸易区CU——Customs Union——关税同盟CM——Common Market——共同市场MFN——Most Favored Nation Treatment——最惠国待遇原则National Treatment——国民待遇原则Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT1994——《海关估价协定》Agreement on Preshipment Inspection——《装运前检验协定》Agreement on Rules of Origin——《原产地规则协定》HS——Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System——《商品名称及编码协调制度》Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures——《进口许可证程序协定》SCM ——Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures——《补贴与反补贴措施协定》Agreements on Safeguards——《保障措施协定》TBT——Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade——《贸易技术壁垒协定》SPS——Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures——《卫生与动植物检疫措施协定》Agreement on Agriculture——《农业协定》TRIMS——Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures——《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》二：名词解释祖父条款（grandfather rights）：《临时适用议定书》中规定对GATT实质部分的内容规定，各国均享有优先适用本国业已存在的国内法的权利。
关税与贸易总协定条文
关税与贸易总协定条文1. 引言关税与贸易总协定（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT）是一个国际贸易组织，成立于1947年，旨在促进国际贸易自由化和贸易规则的制定与执行。
本文将对GATT的条文进行详细解析，包括其背景、目标、原则以及具体的条款内容。
2. 背景二战后，世界各国普遍意识到保护主义政策只会导致经济衰退和冲突加剧。
为了重建战后世界经济秩序，各国开始寻求一种更加开放和合作的贸易体系。
1947年，23个国家签署了GATT协定，奠定了全球多边贸易体系的基础。
3. 目标GATT的主要目标是促进全球贸易自由化，并通过减少关税和其他非关税壁垒来增加国际贸易。
通过建立公平、透明和可预测的贸易规则，GATT旨在为所有成员提供更好的市场准入机会，并确保不歧视性对待各国。
4. 原则GATT遵循以下原则来实现其目标：4.1 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇是GATT的核心原则之一。
根据该原则，任何成员国对一方成员国提供的任何优惠待遇都必须向所有其他成员国提供，确保贸易不受不合理的歧视。
4.2 国民待遇根据国民待遇原则，成员国在对进口产品征收关税和其他贸易壁垒时，应对本国产品和外国产品给予同等待遇。
这确保了在本国市场上公平竞争。
4.3 关税减让GATT鼓励各成员国通过谈判逐步降低关税，以促进贸易自由化。
成员国需要提交关税减让清单，并根据协定规定的时间表逐步降低关税水平。
4.4 非歧视性GATT禁止采取任何形式的贸易歧视，包括地区性和数量性限制。
成员国不能对来自某个特定地区或特定数量的商品设置额外限制。
5. 条款内容GATT包含了大量条款，涵盖了各个方面的贸易规则。
以下是其中一些重要的条款：5.1 关税和贸易壁垒GATT规定了关于关税和其他贸易壁垒的规则。
成员国需要公布其关税表，并按照最惠国待遇原则对所有成员国提供相同的关税待遇。
此外，GATT还规定了对非关税壁垒（如配额和进口许可证）的限制和监管。
关税及贸易总协定GATT1994中文
第二部分第三条国内税与国内规章的国民待遇1．各缔约国认为：国内税和其他国内费用，影响产品的国内销售、兜售、购买、运输、分配或使用的法令、条例和规定，以及对产品的混合、加工或使用须符合特定数量或比例要求的国内数量限制条例，在对进口产品或国产品实施时，不应用来对国内生产提供保护。
2．一缔约国领土的产品输入到另一缔约国领土时，不应对它直接或间接征收高于对相同的国产品所直接或间接征收的国内税或其他国内费用。
同时，缔约国不应对进口产品或国产品采用其他与本条第一款规定的原则有抵触的办法来实施国内税或其他国内费用。
3．与本条第二款有抵触的现行实施的国内税，如果是1947年4月10日有效的贸易协定中所特别规定允许征收的，而且在有关贸易协定中还规定了凡已征收这种国内税的产品，它的进口关税即不能任意增加，则征收这种国内税的缔约国，可以推迟实施本条第二款的规定，直到在贸易协定中所承担的义务得到解除，并能将进口关税增加到抵销国内税保护因素所必须的水平时为止。
4．一缔约国领土的产品输入到另一缔约国领土时，在关于产品的国内销售、兜售、购买、运输、分配或使用的全部法令、条例和规定方面，所享受的待遇应不低于相同的国产品所享受的待遇。
但本款的规定不应妨碍国内差别运输费用的实施，如果实施这种差别运输费用纯系基于运输工具的经济使用而与产品的国别无关。
5．缔约国不得建立或维持某种对产品的混合、加工或使用须符合特定数量或比例的国内数量限制条例，直接或间接要求某一特定数量或比例的条例对象产品必须由国内来源供应。
缔约国还不应采用其他与本条第一款规定的原则有抵触的办法来实施国内数量限制条例。
6．本条第五款的规定不适用于1939年7月1日，或1947年4月10日，或1948年3月24日（各缔约国可以从这三个日期中自行选择一个日期）在一个缔约国领土内有效实施的国内数量限制条例；但这种条例如与本条第五款的规定有抵触，不应采取损害进口货的利益的办法来加以修改，应该把它们当做关税来进行谈判。
GATT1994中英
1994年关税与贸易总协定（英文版）GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 19941. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994") shall consist of:(a) the provisions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated 30 October 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment (excluding the Protocol of Provisional Application), as rectified, amended or modified by the terms of legal instruments which have entered into force before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement;(b) the provisions of the legal instruments set forth below that have entered into force under the GATT 1947 before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement:(i) protocols and certifications relating to tariff concessions;(ii) protocols of accession (excluding the provisions (a) concerning provisional application and withdrawal of provisional application and (b) providing that Part II of GATT 1947 shall be applied provisionally to the fullest extent not inconsistent with legislation existing on the date of the Protocol);(iii) decisions on waivers granted under Article XXV of GATT 1947 and still in force on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement ;(iv) other decisions of the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947;(c) the Understandings set forth below:(i) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article II:1(b) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(ii) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(iii) Understanding on Balance-of-Payments Provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(iv) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(v) Understanding in Respect of Waivers of Obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994;(vi) Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; and(d) the Marrakesh Protocol to GATT 1994.2. Explanatory Notes(a) The references to "contracting party" in the provisions of GATT 1994 shall be deemed to read "Member". The references to "less-developed contracting party" and "developed contracting party" shall be deemed to read "developing country Member" and "developed country Member". The references to "Executive Secretary" shall be deemed to read "Director-General of the WTO".(b) The references to the CONTRACTING PARTIES acting jointly in Articles XV:1, XV:2, XV:8, XXXVIII and the Notes Ad Article XII and XVIII; and in the provisions on special exchange agreements in Articles XV:2, XV:3, XV:6, XV:7 and XV:9 of GATT 1994 shall be deemed to be references to the WTO. The other functions that the provisions of GATT 1994 assign to the CONTRACTING PARTIES acting jointly shall be allocated by the Ministerial Conference.(c) (i) The text of GATT 1994 shall be authentic in English, French and Spanish.(ii) The text of GATT 1994 in the French language shall be subject to the rectifications of terms indicated in Annex A to document MTN.TNC/41.(iii) The authentic text of GATT 1994 in the Spanish language shall be the text in Volume IV of the Basic Instruments and Selected Documents series, subject to the rectifications of terms indicated in Annex B to document MTN.TNC/41.3. (a) The provisions of Part II of GATT 1994 shall not apply to measures taken by a Member under specific mandatory legislation, enacted by that Member before it became a contracting party to GATT 1947, that prohibits the use, sale or lease of foreign-built or foreign-reconstructed vessels in commercial applications between points in national waters or the waters of an exclusive economic zone. This exemption applies to: (a) the continuation or prompt renewal of a non-conforming provision of such legislation; and (b) the amendment to a non-conforming provision of such legislation to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the provision with Part II of GATT 1947. This exemption is limited to measures taken under legislation described above that is notified and specified prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement. If such legislation is subsequently modified to decrease its conformity with Part II of GATT 1994, it will no longer qualify for coverage under this paragraph.(b) The Ministerial Conference shall review this exemption not later than five years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement and thereafter every two years for as long as the exemption is in force for the purpose of examining whether the conditions which created the need for the exemption still prevail.(c) A Member whose measures are covered by this exemption shall annually submit a detailed statistical notification consisting of a five-year moving average of actual and expected deliveries of relevant vessels as well as additional information on the use, sale, lease or repair of relevant vessels covered by this exemption.(d) A Member that considers that this exemption operates in such a manner as to justify a reciprocal and proportionate limitation on the use, sale, lease or repair of vessels constructed in the territory of the Member invoking the exemption shall be free to introduce such a limitation subject to prior notification to the Ministerial Conference.(e) This exemption is without prejudice to solutions concerning specific aspects of the legislation covered by this exemption negotiated in sectoral agreements or in other fora.UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE II:1(b)OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members hereby agree as follows:1. In order to ensure transparency of the legal rights and obligations deriving from paragraph 1(b) of Article II, the nature and level of any "other duties or charges" levied on bound tariff items, as referred to in that provision, shall be recorded in the Schedules of concessions annexed to GATT 1994 against the tariff item to which they apply. It is understood that such recording does not change the legal character of "other duties or charges".2. The date as of which "other duties or charges" are bound, for the purposes of Article II, shall be 15 April 1994. "Other duties or charges" shall therefore be recorded in the Schedules at the levels applying on this date. At each subsequent renegotiation of a concession or negotiation of a new concession the applicable date for the tariff item in question shall become the date of the incorporation of the new concession in the appropriate Schedule. However, the date of the instrument by which a concession on any particular tariff item was first incorporated into GATT 1947 or GATT 1994 shall also continue to be recorded in column 6 of the Loose-Leaf Schedules.3. "Other duties or charges" shall be recorded in respect of all tariff bindings.4. Where a tariff item has previously been the subject of a concession, the level of "other duties or charges" recorded in the appropriate Schedule shall not be higher than the level obtaining at the time of the first incorporation of the concession in that Schedule. It will be open to any Member to challenge the existence of an "other duty or charge", on the ground that no such "other duty or charge" existed at the time of the original binding of the item in question, as well as the consistency of the recorded level of any "other duty or charge" with the previouslybound level, for a period of three years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement or three years after the date of deposit with the Director-General of the WTO of the instrument incorporating the Schedule in question into GATT 1994, if that is a later date.5. The recording of "other duties or charges" in the Schedules is without prejudice to their consistency with rights and obligations under GATT 1994 other than those affected by paragraph 4. All Members retain the right to challenge, at any time, the consistency of any "other duty or charge" with such obligations.6. For the purposes of this Understanding, the provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply.7. "Other duties or charges" omitted from a Schedule at the time of deposit of the instrument incorporating the Schedule in question into GATT 1994 with, until the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 or, thereafter, with the Director-General of the WTO, shall not subsequently be added to it and any "other duty or charge" recorded at a level lower than that prevailing on the applicable date shall not be restored to that level unless such additions or changes are made within six months of the date of deposit of the instrument.8. The decision in paragraph 2 regarding the date applicable to each concession for the purposes of paragraph 1(b) of Article II of GATT 1994 supersedes the decision regarding the applicable date taken on 26 March 1980 (BISD 27S/24).UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVIIOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Noting that Article XVII provides for obligations on Members in respect of the activities of the state trading enterprises referred to in paragraph 1 of Article XVII, which are required to be consistent with the general principles of non-discriminatory treatment prescribed in GATT 1994 for governmental measures affecting imports or exports by private traders;Noting further that Members are subject to their GATT 1994 obligations in respect of those governmental measures affecting state trading enterprises;Recognizing that this Understanding is without prejudice to the substantive disciplines prescribed in Article XVII;Hereby agree as follows:1. In order to ensure the transparency of the activities of state trading enterprises, Members shall notify such enterprises to the Council for Trade in Goods, for review by the working party to be set up under paragraph 5, in accordance with the following working definition: "Governmental and non-governmental enterprises, including marketing boards, which have been granted exclusive or special rights or privileges, including statutory or constitutional powers, in the exercise of which they influence through their purchases or sales the level or direction of imports or exports."This notification requirement does not apply to imports of products for immediate or ultimate consumption in governmental use or in use by an enterprise as specified above and not otherwise for resale or use in the production of goods for sale.2. Each Member shall conduct a review of its policy with regard to the submission of notifications on state trading enterprises to the Council for Trade in Goods, taking account of the provisions of this Understanding. In carrying out such a review, each Member should have regard to the need to ensure the maximum transparency possible in its notifications so as to permit a clear appreciation of the manner of operation of the enterprises notified and the effect of their operations on international trade.3. Notifications shall be made in accordance with the questionnaire on state trading adopted on 24 May 1960 (BISD 9S/184-185), it being understood that Members shall notify the enterprises referred to in paragraph 1 whether or not imports or exports have in fact taken place.4. Any Member which has reason to believe that another Member has not adequately met its notification obligation may raise the matter with the Member concerned. If the matter is not satisfactorily resolved it may make a counter-notification to the Council for Trade in Goods, for consideration by the working party set up under paragraph 5, simultaneously informing the Member concerned.5. A working party shall be set up, on behalf of the Council for Trade in Goods, to review notifications and counter-notifications. In the light of this review and without prejudice to paragraph 4(c) of Article XVII, the Council for Trade in Goods may make recommendations with regard to the adequacy of notifications and the need for further information. The working party shall also review, in the light of the notifications received, the adequacy of the above-mentioned questionnaire on state trading and the coverage of state trading enterprises notified under paragraph 1. It shall also develop an illustrative list showing the kinds of relationships between governments and enterprises, and the kinds of activities, engaged in by these enterprises, which may be relevant for the purposes of Article XVII. It is understood that the Secretariat will provide a general background paper for the working party on the operations of state trading enterprises as they relate to international trade. Membership of the working party shall be open to all Members indicating their wish to serve on it. It shall meet within a year of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement and thereafter at least once a year. It shall report annually to the Council for Trade in Goods.UNDERSTANDING ON THE BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS PROVISIONSOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Recognizing the provisions of Articles XII and XVIII:B of GATT 1994 and of the Declaration on Trade Measures Taken for Balance-of-Payments Purposes adopted on 28 November 1979 (BISD 26S/205-209, referred to in this Understanding as the "1979 Declaration") and in order to clarify such provisions ;Hereby agree as follows:Application of Measures1. Members confirm their commitment to announce publicly, as soon as possible, time-schedules for the removal of restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes. It is understood that such time-schedules may be modified as appropriate to take into account changes in the balance-of-payments situation. Whenever a time-schedule is not publicly announced by a Member, that Member shall provide justification as to the reasons therefor.2. Members confirm their commitment to give preference to those measures which have the least disruptive effect on trade. Such measures (referred to in this Understanding as "price-based measures") shall be understood to include import surcharges, import deposit requirements or other equivalent trade measures with an impact on the price of imported goods. It is understood that, notwithstanding the provisions of Article II, price-based measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes may be applied by a Member in excess of the duties inscribed in the Schedule of that Member. Furthermore, that Member shall indicate the amount by which the price-based measure exceeds the bound duty clearly and separately under the notification procedures of this Understanding.3. Members shall seek to avoid the imposition of new quantitative restrictions for balance-of-payments purposes unless, because of a critical balance-of-payments situation, price-based measures cannot arrest a sharp deterioration in the external payments position. In those cases in which a Member applies quantitative restrictions, it shall provide justification as to the reasons why price-based measures are not an adequate instrument to deal with the balance-of-payments situation. A Member maintaining quantitative restrictions shall indicate insuccessive consultations the progress made in significantly reducing the incidence and restrictive effect of such measures. It is understood that not more than one type of restrictive import measure taken for balance-of-payments purposes may be applied on the same product.4. Members confirm that restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes may only be applied to control the general level of imports and may not exceed what is necessary to address the balance-of-payments situation. In order to minimize any incidental protective effects, a Member shall administer restrictions in a transparent manner. The authorities of the importing Member shall provide adequate justification as to the criteria used to determine which products are subject to restriction. As provided in paragraph 3 of Article XII and paragraph 10 of Article XVIII, Members may, in the case of certain essential products, exclude or limit the application of surcharges applied across the board or other measures applied for balance-of-payments purposes. The term "essential products" shall be understood to mean products which meet basic consumption needs or which contribute to the Member''s effort to improve its balance-of-payments situation, such as capital goods or inputs needed for production. In the administration of quantitative restrictions, a Member shall use discretionary licensing only when unavoidable and shall phase it out progressively. Appropriate justification shall be provided as to the criteria used to determine allowable import quantities or values.Procedures for Balance-of-Payments Consultations5. The Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions (referred to in this Understanding as the "Committee") shall carry out consultations in order to review all restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes. The membership of the Committee is open to all Members indicating their wish to serve on it. The Committee shall follow the procedures for consultations on balance-of-payments restrictions approved on 28 April 1970 (BISD 18S/48-53, referred to in this Understanding as "full consultation procedures"), subject to the provisions set out below.6. A Member applying new restrictions or raising the general level of its existing restrictions by a substantial intensification of the measures shall enter into consultations with the Committee within four months of the adoption of such measures. The Member adopting such measures may requestthat a consultation be held under paragraph 4(a) of Article XII or paragraph 12(a) of Article XVIII as appropriate. If no such request has been made, the Chairman of the Committee shall invite the Member to hold such a consultation. Factors that may be examined in the consultation would include, inter alia, the introduction of new types of restrictive measures for balance-of-payments purposes, or an increase in the level or product coverage of restrictions.7. All restrictions applied for balance-of-payments purposes shall be subject to periodic review in the Committee under paragraph 4(b) of Article XII or under paragraph 12(b) of Article XVIII, subject to the possibility of altering the periodicity of consultations in agreement with the consulting Member or pursuant to any specific review procedure that may be recommended by the General Council.8. Consultations may be held under the simplified procedures approved on 19 December 1972 (BISD 20S/47-49, referred to in this Understanding as "simplified consultation procedures") in the case of least-developed country Members or in the case of developing country Members which are pursuing liberalization efforts in conformity with the schedule presented to the Committee in previous consultations. Simplified consultation procedures may also be used when the Trade Policy Review of a developing country Member is scheduled for the same calendar year as the date fixed for the consultations. In such cases the decision as to whether full consultation procedures should be used will be made on the basis of the factors enumerated in paragraph 8 of the 1979 Declaration. Except in the case of least-developed country Members, no more than two successive consultations may be held under simplified consultation procedures.Notification and Documentation9. A Member shall notify to the General Council the introduction of or any changes in the application of restrictive import measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes, as well as any modifications in time-schedules for the removal of such measures as announced under paragraph 1. Significant changes shall be notified to the General Council prior to or not later than 30 days after their announcement. On a yearly basis, each Member shall make available to the Secretariat a consolidated notification, including all changes in laws, regulations, policystatements or public notices, for examination by Members. Notifications shall include full information, as far as possible, at the tariff-line level, on the type of measures applied, the criteria used for their administration, product coverage and trade flows affected.10. At the request of any Member, notifications may be reviewed by the Committee. Such reviews would be limited to the clarification of specific issues raised by a notification or examination of whether a consultation under paragraph 4(a) of Article XII or paragraph 12(a) of Article XVIII is required. Members which have reasons to believe that a restrictive import measure applied by another Member was taken for balance-of-payments purposes may bring the matter to the attention of the Committee. The Chairman of the Committee shall request information on the measure and make it available to all Members. Without prejudice to the right of any member of the Committee to seek appropriate clarifications in the course of consultations, questions may be submitted in advance for consideration by the consulting Member.11. The consulting Member shall prepare a Basic Document for the consultations which, in addition to any other information considered to be relevant, should include: (a) an overview of the balance-of-payments situation and prospects, including a consideration of the internal and external factors having a bearing on the balance-of-payments situation and the domestic policy measures taken in order to restore equilibrium on a sound and lasting basis; (b) a full description of the restrictions applied for balance-of-payments purposes, their legal basis and steps taken to reduce incidental protective effects; (c) measures taken since the last consultation to liberalize import restrictions, in the light of the conclusions of the Committee; (d) a plan for the elimination and progressive relaxation of remaining restrictions. References may be made, when relevant, to the information provided in other notifications or reports made to the WTO. Under simplified consultation procedures, the consulting Member shall submit a written statement containing essential information on the elements covered by the Basic Document.12. The Secretariat shall, with a view to facilitating the consultations in the Committee, preparea factual background paper dealing with the different aspects of the plan for consultations. In the case of developing country Members, the Secretariat document shall include relevant background and analytical material on the incidence of the external trading environment on thebalance-of-payments situation and prospects of the consulting Member. The technical assistance services of the Secretariat shall, at the request of a developing country Member, assist in preparing the documentation for the consultations.Conclusions of Balance-of-Payments Consultations13. The Committee shall report on its consultations to the General Council. When full consultation procedures have been used, the report should indicate the Committee''s conclusions on the different elements of the plan for consultations, as well as the facts and reasons on which they are based. The Committee shall endeavour to include in its conclusions proposals for recommendations aimed at promoting the implementation of Articles XII and XVIII:B, the 1979 Declaration and this Understanding. In those cases in which a time-schedule has been presented for the removal of restrictive measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes, the General Council may recommend that, in adhering to such a time-schedule, a Member shall be deemed to be in compliance with its GATT 1994 obligations. Whenever the General Council has made specific recommendations, the rights and obligations of Members shall be assessed in the light of such recommendations. In the absence of specific proposals for recommendations by the General Council, the Committee''s conclusions should record the different views expressed in the Committee. When simplified consultation procedures have been used, the report shall include a summary of the main elements discussed in the Committee and a decision on whether full consultation procedures are required.UNDERSTANDING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XXIVOF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 1994Members,Having regard to the provisions of Article XXIV of GATT 1994;Recognizing that customs unions and free trade areas have greatly increased in number and importance since the establishment of GATT 1947 and today cover a significant proportion of world trade;Recognizing the contribution to the expansion of world trade that may be made by closer integration between the economies of the parties to such agreements;Recognizing also that such contribution is increased if the elimination between the constituent territories of duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce extends to all trade, and diminished if any major sector of trade is excluded;Reaffirming that the purpose of such agreements should be to facilitate trade between the constituent territories and not to raise barriers to the trade of other Members with such territories; and that in their formation or enlargement the parties to them should to the greatest possible extent avoid creating adverse effects on the trade of other Members;Convinced also of the need to reinforce the effectiveness of the role of the Council for Trade in Goods in reviewing agreements notified under Article XXIV, by clarifying the criteria and procedures for the assessment of new or enlarged agreements, and improving the transparency of all Article XXIV agreements;Recognizing the need for a common understanding of the obligations of Members under paragraph 12 of Article XXIV;Hereby agree as follows:1. Customs unions, free-trade areas, and interim agreements leading to the formation of a customs union or free-trade area, to be consistent with Article XXIV, must satisfy, inter alia, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of that Article.Article XXIV:52. The evaluation under paragraph 5(a) of Article XXIV of the general incidence of the duties and other regulations of commerce applicable before and after the formation of a customs union shall in respect of duties and charges be based upon an overall assessment of weighted average tariff rates and of customs duties collected. This assessment shall be based on import statistics for a previous representative period to be supplied by the customs union, on a tariff-line basis and in values and quantities, broken down by WTO country of origin. The Secretariat shall compute the weighted average tariff rates and customs duties collected in accordance with the methodology used in the assessment of tariff offers in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. For this purpose, the duties and charges to be taken into consideration shall be the applied rates of duty. It is recognized that for the purpose of the overall assessment of the incidence of other regulations of commerce for which quantification and aggregation are difficult, the examination of individual measures, regulations, products covered and trade flows affected may be required.3. The "reasonable length of time" referred to in paragraph 5(c) of Article XXIV should exceed 10 years only in exceptional cases. In cases where Members parties to an interim agreement believe that 10 years would be insufficient they shall provide a full explanation to the Council for Trade in Goods of the need for a longer period.Article XXIV:64. Paragraph 6 of Article XXIV establishes the procedure to be followed when a Member forminga customs union proposes to increase a bound rate of duty. In this regard Members reaffirm that the procedure set forth in Article XXVIII, as elaborated in the guidelines adopted on 10 November 1980 (BISD 27S/26-28) and in the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXVIII of GATT 1994, must be commenced before tariff concessions are modified or withdrawn upon the formation of a customs union or an interim agreement leading to the formation of a customs union.5. These negotiations will be entered into in good faith with a view to achieving mutually satisfactory compensatory adjustment. In such negotiations, as required by paragraph 6 of Article XXIV, due account shall be taken of reductions of duties on the same tariff line made by other constituents of the customs union upon its formation. Should such reductions not be sufficient。
关税及贸易总协定GATT1994(word兼容版)中文
缔约各国政府认为在处理它们的贸易和经济事业的关系方面，应以提高生活水平、保证充分就业、保证实际收入和有效需求的巨大持续增长、扩大世界资源的充分利用以及发展商品的生产与交换为目的，切望达成互惠互利协议，导致大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易障碍，取消国际贸易中的歧视待遇，以对上述目的作出贡献，经各国代表谈判达成如下协议：第一部分第一条一般最惠国待遇1．在对输出或输入、有关输出或输入及输出入货物的国际支付转帐所征收的关税和费用方面，在征收上述关税和费用的方法方面，在输出和输入的规章手续方面，以及在本协定第三条第二款及第四款所述事项方面，一缔约国对来自或运往其他国家的产品所给予的利益、优待、特权或豁免，应当立即无条件地给予来自或运往所有其他缔约国的相同产品。
2．任何有关进口关税或费用的优惠待遇，如不超过本条第四款规定的水平，而且在下列范围以内，不必按本条第一款的规定予以取消：（甲）本协定附件一所列两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这个附件所订的条件为限；（乙）本协定附件一、附件二和附件三所列已于1939年7月1日以共同主权、保护关系或宗主权互相结合的两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这些附件所订的条件为限；（丙）美利坚合众国和古巴共和国之间专享的现行优惠待遇；（丁）本协定附件五和附件六所列的毗邻国家之间专享的现行优惠待遇。
3．原属于奥托曼帝国后于1923年7月24日分离出来的国家之间实施的优惠待遇，如能按本协定第二十五条第五款的规定予以批准，应不受本条第一款规定的约束。
对这个问题运用本协定第二十五条第五款，应参考本协定第二十九条第一款。
4．按本条第二款可以享受优惠待遇的任何产品，如在有关减让表中未特别规定所享受的优惠就是优惠最高差额，则应按以下规定办理：（甲）对有关减让表内列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过表列的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；表中对优惠税率若未作规定，应以1947年4月10日有效实施的优惠税率作为本条所称的优惠税率；表中对最惠国税率若未作规定，其差额应不超过1947年4月10日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；（乙）对有关减让表内未列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过1947年4月10日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额。
GATT 1947 (中文)
2
关税与贸易总协定(GATT 1947)
及此类缔约方维持的从量关税和费用的优惠幅度，以本协定订立之日基金接受或临时认可的 有关货币的平价表示。因此，如此平价以符合《国际货币基金组织协定》的方式降低超过百 分之二十时，此类从量关税和费用及优惠幅度可考虑该项降低而进行调整；只要缔约方全体 （即按第 25 条的规定采取联合行动的各缔约方）同意此类调整不致减损有关减让表或本协定 其他部分所规定减让的价值，同时应适当考虑可影响此类调整的必要性或紧迫性的所有因素。
知识产权专业术语中英文对照
知识产权专业术语中英文对照世界贸易组织《WTO》WORLDTRADEORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定《GATT》GENERAL AGREEMENTONTARIFFSANDTRADE亚太经济合作组织《APEC》ASIAPACIFICECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议《TRIPS》AGREEMENTONTRADERELATEDASPECTSOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS 世界知识产权组织《WIPO》WORLDINTELLECTUALPROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONALBOARDOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTIONFORTHEPROTECTIONOFINDUSTRIALPROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定MADRIDAGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALREGISTRATIONOFMARKS 商标注册条约《TRT》TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONTREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICEAGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATIONOFGGODSAND SERVICESFORTHEPURPOSEOFTHEREGISTRATIONOFMARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNAAGREEMENTFORESTABLISHINGAND INTERNATIONALCLASSFICATIONOFTHEFIGURATIVEELEMENTSOFMARKS专利合作条约《PCT》PATENTCO－OPERATIONTREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY产PATENTCONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定《SA》STRASBOURGAGREEMENT工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THEHAGUE AGREEMENTCONCERNINGTHEINTERNATIONALDEPOSITOFINDUSTRIALDESIGNS 工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNOAGREEMENT ONESTABLISHINGANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATIONFORINDUSTRIALDESIGNS 商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会（SCT）STANDINGCOMMITTEEONTHELAWOFTRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIAL DESIGNANDGERGRAPHICALINDICATION国际专利文献中心《INPADOC》INTERNATIONALPATENTDOCUMENTATIONCENTER欧洲专利局《EPO》EUROPEANPATENTOFFICE欧洲专利公约EUROPEAN PATENTCONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADEMARKOFFIICEOFBELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATIONOF AFRICANINTELLECTUALPROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONALTRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TTRADEMARKLAW OFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAWOFUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND 美国商标法TRADEMARKLAWOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARKLAW商标TRADEMARK商标局TRADEMARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARKLAW文字商标WORDMARK图形商标FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标COLLECTIVEMARK驰名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标FAMOUYSMARK近似商标SIMILARMARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK服务标记SERVICEMARK注册商标REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARKREGISTRANT注册申请日APPLICATIONDATEOFTRADEMARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONNUMBER商标注册日TRADEMARKREGISTRATIONDATE商标注册簿TRADEMARKREGISTEREDBOOK注册有效期THETERMOFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFORTRADEMARKREGISTRATION注册查询TRADEMARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWALOFTRADEMARK分别申请SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDINGCHANGES注册代理TRADEMARKAGENCY注册公告TRADEMARKPUBLICATION申请注册APPLICATIONFORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWALOFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOFASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATIONOFNAME／ADDRESSOFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS 补发商标证书REISSUANCEOFREGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标REMOVAL证明CERTIFICATION异议OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOFLICENSECONTRACT驳回商标复审REVIEWOFREFUSEDTRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEWOFREFUSEDRENEWAL驳回转让复审REVIEWOFREFUSEDASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEWOFADJUDICATIONONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEWOFADJUDICATIONONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONONDISPUTEDREGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATIONONCANCELLATIONOFIMPROPERLYREGISTEREDTRADEMARK 撤销注册不当复审REVIEWONCANCELLATIONOFIMPROPERLYREGISTEREDTRADEMARK 处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITHINFRINGEMENT优先权PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATEOFPRIORITY注册商标使用人USEROFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHTTOUSEREGISTEREDTRADEMARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOFREGISTEREDTRADEMARK使用在先原则PRINCIPLEOFFIRSTTOUSE注册在先原则PRINCIPLEOFFIRSTAPPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSFICATIONOFGOODS专利PATENT专利权PATENTRIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENTAGENCY产品专利PRODUCTPATENT专利性PATENTABLITY专利申请权RIGHTTOAPPLYFORAPATENT实用新颖UTILITYMODEL专有性MONOPOLY专利的新颖性NOVELTYOFPATENT专利的实用性PRACTICALAPPLICABILITY专利的创造性INVENTIVE专利文件PATENTDOCUMENT专利申请文件PATENTAPPLICATIONDOCUMENT专利请求书PATENTREQUEST专利说明书PATENTSPECIFICATION专利要求书PATENTCLAIM专利证书LETTEROFPATENT商标淡化法TRADEMARKDILUTIONACT商标权的权利穷竭EXHAUSTIONTRADEMARK平行进口PARALLELIMPORT灰色进口GRAYIMPORT反向假冒REVERSEPASSING－OFF显行反向假冒EXPRESSREVERSEPASSING－OFF 隐形反向假冒IMPLIEDREVERSEPASSING－OFF 附带使用COLLATERALUSE知识产权INTELLECTURLPROPERTY工业产权INDUSTRIALPROPERTY外观设计DESIGN发明INVENTION发明人INVENTOR货源标记INDICATIONOFSOURCE原产地名称APPELLATIONOFORIGIN（AOS）地理标记GEOPRAPHICALINDICATION（GIS）。
WTO术语中英对照
W T O 简明术语（中英文对照）Ad valorem tariff 从价税Agreement on Agriculture《农业协议》Anti-dumping duty反倾销税Appeal（争端解决）上诉ATC--Agreement on Textiles and Clothing《纺织品与服装协议》Bound level约束水平Compensation补偿Consensus协商一致Consultation磋商Countervailing duty反补贴税Customs valuation 海关估价DSB--Dispute Settlement Body争端解决机构Dumping倾销Export subsidy出口补贴GATS--General Agreement on Trade in Service《服务贸易总协定》GATT--General Agreement on Tariff and Trade《关税与贸易总协定》Government procurement政府采购Import licencing进口许可Import substitution进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Market access市场准入Market price support市场价格支持Material injury实质损害MFN--Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇National treatment国民待遇Non-actionable subsidy（补贴协议）不可诉补贴NTMs--Non-tariff measures非关税措施Plurilateral agreement诸边协议Prohibited subsidy（补贴协议）被禁止的补贴Protocols议定书PSI--Preshipment inspection装运前检验Rules of origin原产地规则Safeguard Measures保障措施Schedule of concessions承诺减让表Specific tariff从量税SPS --Sanitary and phytosanitary measures动植物卫生检疫措施Subsidy补贴Tariff binding关税约束承诺Tariffication 关税化TBT--Technical barriers to trade技术性贸易壁垒TPRM--Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制Transparency透明度TRIMs--Trade-related investment measures与贸易有关的投资设施TRIPS--Trade related intellectual property rights 与贸易有关的知识产权TRQ--Tariff rate quotas/tariff quotas关税配额Waiver（WTO义务的）豁免WTO--World Trading Organization世界贸易组织Ad valorem Tariff 从价onTextiles and Clothing (ATC) 《纺织品与服装协议》Anti-dumping Duty 反倾销税Arbitration 仲裁Balance-of-payments（BOP）Provisions 国际收支条款Ceiling Bindings （关税）上限约束Conciliation 调解Compensation 补偿Consensus 协商一致Countervailing Duty 反补贴税Customs Valuation 海关估价de minimis 微量Export Subsidy 出口补贴GATT1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Exceptions 一般例外Illustrative List 例示清单Import Licensing 进口许可Import Surcharge 进口附加税Infant Industry 幼稚产业Intellectual Property Rights（IPRs）知识产权Market Access 市场准入National Treatment 国民待遇Non-actionable Subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-tariffs Measures（NTMs）非关税措施欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
WTO中英对照
1.WTO----World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织2.GATT----General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税与贸易总协定3.Multilateral trading system 多边贸易体制4.IMF----International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织5.IBRD---- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴与开发银行6.ITO----International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织7.Ministerial Conference 部长级会议8.General Council 总理事会9.non-discrimination principle 非歧视原则10. MFNT----most favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇11. national treatment 国民待遇12. market access principle 市场准入原则13. import license 进口许可证14. fair competition principle 公平竞争原则15. principle of transparency 透明度原则16. GSP----generalized system of preferences 普遍优惠制、普惠制17. special and differential treatment 特殊和差别待遇18. special safeguard 特殊保障措施19. domestic support 国内支持20. ATC----Agreement on Textiles and Clothing 《纺织品与服装协议》21. import/export/transit duty 进口/出口/过境税22. HS----The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding system 《商品名称及编码协调制度》23. NRP----nominal rate of protection 名义保护率24. ERP----effective rate of protection 有效保护率25. NTBs----non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒26. import/absolute/country quotas 进口/绝对/国别配额27. global(unallocated) quotas 全球配额28. autonomous/unilateral quotas 自主/单方面配额29. agreement/bilateral quotas 协议/双边配额30. VEQ----“voluntary”export quotas “自动”出口配额31. VER----“voluntary”export restraints “自动”出口限制32. dumping 倾销anti-dumping 反倾销33. exchange dumping 外汇倾销34. OGL----open general license 公开一般许可证35. SL----special license 特种货物进口许可证36. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 《技术性贸易壁垒协议》37. technical regulations/standard 技术法规/技术标准、38. conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序39. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协议》40. SPS---- sanitary and phytosanitary measures 卫生与动植物卫生措施41. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection 《装运前检验协议》42. PSI----preshipment inspection 装运前检验43. Agreement on Customs Valuation 《海关估价协议》44. customs valuation 海关估价45. dutiable/deductive value 完税/倒扣价格46. Agreement on Rules of Origin 《原产地规则协议》47. Agreement on Import licensing Procedures 《进口许可程序协议》48. (non-) automatic import licensing （非）自动进口许可程序49. TRIMs----Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures 《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》50. normal value 正常价值51. Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 《补贴与反补贴措施协议》52. countervailing measures 抵消性措施53. prohibited/actionable/non-actionable subsidies 禁止性/可诉/不可诉补贴54. Agreement on Safeguard 《保障措施协议》55. GATs----General Agreement on Trade in Services 《服务贸易总协定》56. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《巴黎公约》57. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《伯尔尼公约》58. TRIPs----Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》59. Agreement on Government Procurement 《政府采购协议》60. Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft 《民用航空器贸易协议》。
GATT-关税贸易总协定-中英文版
GATT-关税贸易总协定-中英文版关税及贸易总协定全文缔约各国政府认为在处理它们的贸易和经济事业的关系方面，应以提高生活水平，保证充分就业、保证实际收入和有效需求的巨大持续增长、扩大世界资源的充分利用以及发展商品的生产与交换为目的，切望达成互惠互利协议，导致大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易障碍，取消国际贸易中的歧视待遇，以对上述目的作出贡献，经各国代表谈判达成如下协议：第一部分第一条一般最惠国待遇１．在对输出或输入、有关输出或输入及输出入货物的国际支付转帐所征收的关税和费用方面，在征收上述关税和费用的方法方面，在输出和输入的规章手续方面，以及在本协定第三条第二款及第四款所述事项方面，一缔约国对来自或运往其他国家的产品所给予的利益、优待、特权或豁免，应当立即无条件地给予来自或运往所有其他缔约国的相同产品。
２．任何有关进口关税或费用的优惠待遇，如不超过本条第四款规定的水平，而且在下列范围以内，不必按本条第一款的规定予以取消：（甲）本协定附件一所列两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这个附件所订的条件为限；（乙）本协定附件一、附件二和附件三所列已于１９３９年７月１日以共同主权、保护关系或宗主权互相结合的两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这些附件所订的条件为限；（丙）美利坚合众国和古巴共和国之间专享的现行优惠待遇；（丁）本协定附件五和附件六所列的毗邻国家之间专享的现行优惠待遇。
３．原属于奥托曼帝国后于１９２３年７月２４日分离出来的国家之间实施的优惠待遇，如能按本协定第二十五条第五款的规定予以批准，应不受本条第一款规定的约束。
对这个问题运用本协定第二十五条第五款，应参考本协定第二十九条第一款。
４．按本条第二款可以享受优惠待遇的任何产品，如在有关减让表中未特别规定所享受的优惠就是优惠最高差额，则应按以下规定办理：（甲）对有关减让表内列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过表列的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；表中对优惠税率若未作规定，应以１９４７年４月１０日有效实施的优惠税率作为本条所称的优惠税率；表中对最惠国税率若未作规定，其差额应不超过１９４７年４月１０日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；（乙）对有关减让表内未列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过１９４７年４月１０日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额。
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关税及贸易总协定全文缔约各国政府认为在处理它们的贸易和经济事业的关系方面，应以提高生活水平，保证充分就业、保证实际收入和有效需求的巨大持续增长、扩大世界资源的充分利用以及发展商品的生产与交换为目的，切望达成互惠互利协议，导致大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易障碍，取消国际贸易中的歧视待遇，以对上述目的作出贡献，经各国代表谈判达成如下协议：第一部分第一条一般最惠国待遇１．在对输出或输入、有关输出或输入及输出入货物的国际支付转帐所征收的关税和费用方面，在征收上述关税和费用的方法方面，在输出和输入的规章手续方面，以及在本协定第三条第二款及第四款所述事项方面，一缔约国对来自或运往其他国家的产品所给予的利益、优待、特权或豁免，应当立即无条件地给予来自或运往所有其他缔约国的相同产品。
２．任何有关进口关税或费用的优惠待遇，如不超过本条第四款规定的水平，而且在下列范围以内，不必按本条第一款的规定予以取消：（甲）本协定附件一所列两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这个附件所订的条件为限；（乙）本协定附件一、附件二和附件三所列已于１９３９年７月１日以共同主权、保护关系或宗主权互相结合的两个或两个以上的领土之间专享的现行优惠待遇，但以不违反这些附件所订的条件为限；（丙）美利坚合众国和古巴共和国之间专享的现行优惠待遇；（丁）本协定附件五和附件六所列的毗邻国家之间专享的现行优惠待遇。
３．原属于奥托曼帝国后于１９２３年７月２４日分离出来的国家之间实施的优惠待遇，如能按本协定第二十五条第五款的规定予以批准，应不受本条第一款规定的约束。
对这个问题运用本协定第二十五条第五款，应参考本协定第二十九条第一款。
４．按本条第二款可以享受优惠待遇的任何产品，如在有关减让表中未特别规定所享受的优惠就是优惠最高差额，则应按以下规定办理：（甲）对有关减让表内列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过表列的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；表中对优惠税率若未作规定，应以１９４７年４月１０日有效实施的优惠税率作为本条所称的优惠税率；表中对最惠国税率若未作规定，其差额应不超过１９４７年４月１０日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额；（乙）对有关减让表内未列明的任何产品的关税和费用，这一产品的优惠差额应不超过１９４７年４月１０日所实施的最惠国税率与优惠税率的差额。
对于本协定附件七所列的各缔约国，本款（甲）项及（乙）项所称１９４７年４月１０日的日期，应分别以这个附件所列的日期代替。
第二条减让表１．（甲）一缔约国对其他缔约国贸易所给的待遇，不得低于本协定所附这一缔约国的有关减让表中有关部分所列的待遇。
（乙）一缔约国领土的产品如在另一缔约国减让表的第一部分内列名，当这种产品输入到这一减让表所适用的领土时，应依照减让表的规定、条件或限制，对它免征减让表所列普通关税的超出部分。
对这种产品，也应免征超过于本协定签订之日对输入或有关输入所征收的任何其他税费，或免征超过于本协定签订之日进口领土内现行法律规定以后要直接或授权征收的任何其他税费。
（丙）一缔约国领土的产品如在另一缔约国减让表的第二部分内列名，当这种产品输入到这一减让表所适用的领土，按照本协定第一条可以享受优惠待遇时，应依照减让表的规定、条件或限制，对它免征减让表所列普通关税的超出部分。
对这种产品，也应免征超过于本协定签订之日对输入或有关输入所征收的任何其他税费，或免征超过于本协定签订之日进口领土内现行法律规定以后要直接或授权征收的任何其他税费。
但本条的规定并不妨碍缔约国维持在本协定签订日关于何种货物可按优惠税率进口的已有规定。
２．本条不妨碍缔约国对于任何输入产品随时征收下列税费：（甲）与相同国产品或这一输入产品赖以全部或部分制造或生产的物品按本协定第三条第二款所征收的国内税相当的费用；（乙）按本协定第六条征收的反倾销税或反贴补税；（丙）相当于提供服务成本的规费或其他费用。
３．缔约国不得变更完税价格的审定或货币的折合方法，以损害本协定所附这一缔约国的有关减让表所列的任何减让的价值。
４．当缔约国在形式上或事实上对本协定有关减让表列名的某种产品的进口建立、维持或授权实施某种垄断时，这种垄断平均提供的保护，除减让表内有规定或原谈判减让的各缔约国另有协议外，不得超过有关减让表所列的保护水平。
但本款的规定，并不限制缔约国根据本协定的其他规定，向本国生产者提供任何形式的援助。
５．如果一缔约国相信某一产品应享受的待遇在本协定所附另一缔约国的减让表所订的减让中已有规定，并认为另一缔约国未给予此种待遇时，这一缔约国可以直接提请另一缔约国注意这一问题。
后一缔约国如同意减让表所规定的待遇确系对方所要求的待遇，但声明：由于本国法院或其他有关当局的决定，按照本国税法有关产品不能归入可以享受减让表的应有待遇的一类，因而不能给予这项待遇时，则这两个缔约国，连同其他有实质利害关系的缔约国，应立即进一步进行协商，以便对这一问题达成补偿性的调整办法。
６．（甲）缔约国若是国际货币基金的成员国，其减让表所列的从量关税和费用以及其维持的从量关税和费用的优惠差额，系以这一国家的货币按照国际货币基金在本协定签订之日所接受或临时认可的平价表示。
因此，当这项平价按国际货币基金协定的规定降低达２０％时，上述从量关税和费用以及优惠差额可根据平价的降低作必要的调整；但须经缔约国全体（指按本协定第二十五条采取联合行动的缔约各国）同意这种调整不致损害本协定有关减让表及本协定其他部分所列减让的价值，而对于与调整的必要性和紧迫性有关的一切因素，都应予以适当考虑。
（乙）对于不是国际货币基金成员国的缔约国，自其成为国际货币基金的成员国或按照本协定第十五条签订特别汇兑协定之日起，上述规定也应适用。
７．本协定所附的各减让表，应视为本协定第一部分的组成部分。
第二部分第三条国内税与国内规章的国民待遇１．各缔约国认为：国内税和其他国内费用，影响产品的国内销售、兜售、购买、运输、分配或使用的法令、条例和规定，以及对产品的混合、加工或使用须符合特定数量或比例要求的国内数量限制条例，在对进口产品或国产品实施时，不应用来对国内生产提供保护。
２．一缔约国领土的产品输入到另一缔约国领土时，不应对它直接或间接征收高于对相同的国产品所直接或间接征收的国内税或其他国内费用。
同时，缔约国不应对进口产品或国产品采用其他与本条第一款规定的原则有抵触的办法来实施国内税或其他国内费用。
３．与本条第二款有抵触的现行实施的国内税，如果是１９４７年４月１０日有效的贸易协定中所特别规定允许征收的，而且在有关贸易协定中还规定了凡已征收这种国内税的产品，它的进口关税即不能任意增加，则征收这种国内税的缔约国，可以推迟实施本条第二款的规定，直到在贸易协定中所承担的义务得到解除，并能将进口关税增加到抵销国内税保护因素所必须的水平时为止。
４．一缔约国领土的产品输入到另一缔约国领土时，在关于产品的国内销售、兜售、购买、运输、分配或使用的全部法令、条例和规定方面，所享受的待遇应不低于相同的国产品所享受的待遇。
但本款的规定不应妨碍国内差别运输费用的实施，如果实施这种差别运输费用纯系基于运输工具的经济使用而与产品的国别无关。
５．缔约国不得建立或维持某种对产品的混合、加工或使用须符合特定数量或比例的国内数量限制条例，直接或间接要求某一特定数量或比例的条例对象产品必须由国内来源供应。
缔约国还不应采用其他与本条第一款规定的原则有抵触的办法来实施国内数量限制条例。
６．本条第五款的规定不适用于１９３９年７月１日，或１９４７年４月１０日，或１９４８年３月２４日（各缔约国可以从这三个日期中自行选择一个日期）在一个缔约国领土内有效实施的国内数量限制条例；但这种条例如与本条第五款的规定有抵触，不应采取损害进口货的利益的办法来加以修改，应该把它们当做关税来进行谈判。
７．任何对产品的混合、加工或使用须符合特定数量或比例要求的国内数量限制条例，在实施时不得把这种数量或比例在不同的国外供应来源之间进行分配。
８．（甲）本条的规定不适用于有关政府机构采办供政府公用、非为商业转售或用以生产供商业上销售的物品的管理法令、条例、或规定。
（乙）本条的规定不妨碍对国内生产者给予特殊的贴补，包括从按本条规定征收国内税费所得的收入中以及通过政府购买国产品的办法，向国内生产者给予贴补。
９．各缔约国认为，规定国内物价最高限额的管理办法，即使符合本条的其他规定，对供应进口产品的缔约国的利益，可能产生有害的影响。
因此，实施这种办法的缔约国，应考虑出口缔约国的利益，以求在最大可能限度内，避免对它们造成损害。
１０．本条的规定不妨碍缔约国建立或者维持符合本协定第四条要求的有关电影片的国内数量限制条例。
第四条有关电影片的特殊规定缔约国在建立或维持有关电影片的国内数量限制条例时，应采取符合以下要求的放映限额办法：（甲）放映限额可以规定，在不短于一年的指定时间内，国产电影片的放映应在各国的电影片商业性放映所实际使用的总时间内占一定最低比例；放映限额应以每年或其相当期间内每一电影院的放映时间作为计算基础。
（乙）除根据放映限额为国产电影片保留的放映时间以外，其他放映时间，包括原为国产电影片保留后经管理当局开放的时间在内，不得正式或实际上依照电影片的不同来源进行分配。
（丙）虽有本条（乙）项的规定，任一缔约国可以维持符合本条（甲）项要求的放映限额办法，在实施这项办法的国家以外，对某一国家的电影片保留一最低比例的放映时间。
（丁）放映限额的限制、放宽或取消，须通过谈判确定。
第五条过境自由１．货物（包括行李在内）、船舶及其他运输工具，经由一缔约国的领土通过，不论有无转船、存仓、起卸或改变运输方式，只要通过的路程是全部运程的一部分，而运输的起点和终点又在运输所经的缔约国的领土以外，应视为经由这一缔约国领土过境，这种性质的运输本条定名为摴吃耸鋽。
２．来自或前往其他缔约国领土的过境运输，有权按照最便于国际过境的路线通过每一缔约国的领土自由过境。
不得以船舶的国籍、来源地、出发地、进入港、驶出港或目的港的不同，或者以有关货物、船舶或其他运输工具的所有权的任何情况，作为实施差别待遇的依据。
３．缔约国对通过其领土的过境运输，可以要求在适当的海关报关；但是，除了未遵守应适用的海关法令条例的以外，这种来自或前往其他缔约国领土的过境运输，不应受到不必要的耽延或限制，并应对它免征关税、过境税或有关过境的其他费用，但运输费用以及相当于因过境而支出的行政费用或提供服务成本的费用，不在此限。
４．缔约国对来自或前往其他缔约国领土的过境运输所征收的费用及所实施的条例必须合理，并应考虑运输的各种情况。
５．在有关过境的费用、条例和手续方面，一缔约国对来自或前往其他缔约国的过境运输所给的待遇，不得低于对来自或前往任何第三国的过境运输所给的待遇。