高考——英语语法总复习

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高考总复习——英语必考语法汇总

虚拟语气

1)概念

表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等。可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句,非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况.通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。

2)虚拟语气的使用范围

主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

3)法则:“后退一步法”

从句:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句:用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。

例:If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.

4)If虚拟语气的具体分析:

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的用动词的过去式(或were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers(地理学家).

(are)

2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up.(know)

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him,

A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned

C) would telephone D) had telephoned

3. 表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用动词过去式/were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。

Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often. (get)

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句

if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,将had , should, were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。(这种结构在口语中很少使用)。

Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. (get through)

5)宾语从句中的虚拟语气

一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气。按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。

二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成

三、would rather +从句,在这种结构中,从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

6)主语从句中的虚拟语气

一、It be + 形容词+ that ...(should)...

二、It be + 过去分词+ that ...(should)....

三、It is time(about time,high time)that ...(过去式动词形式或should+动词原形)....

7)表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,advice,decision等表语从句、同位语从句中,要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用:should+原形动词。

翻译练习

1. Why is she looking at me (像是她认识我似的)? I have never seen her before in my life.

2. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest (触犯他)。

3.But for his wife’s help, he _________________(是不会成功的)

4. ______________(要不是因为我生病了), I would have lent him a helping hand.

5. We are all for your proposal that _____________________(延迟讨论).

6. we did not know his phone number, ______________ (否则我们会给他打电话的).

倒装

倒装结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。所谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面;而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(情态动词或助动词)放在主语之前。

如:now comes the chance. has he come?

一:表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首时,句子要全部倒装。这些词有:here,

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