当代研究生英语读写教程下册练习及答案(全)

\UNIT 11.During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas ofperception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；1. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time—do we haveplenty of it,or are we beginning to feel that time is running out?第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？st, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensationsthat compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。

1.The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role ,a sex role, an anticipated occupation,anideology or world view. 人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。

2.As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。

1.Buoyed by powerful illusions and belief in the power of the will,we commonly insist in our tewnties that what wehave chosen to do is the one true course in life. 由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己意志充满信心，我们在二十几岁时普遍认定自己选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。

2.Our backs go up at the merest hint that we are like our parents ,that two decades of parental training might bereflected in our current actions and attitudes.如果有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴Unit2It took several years for the virus to break out of Congo's dense and sparsely populated jungles but, once it did, it marched with rebel armies through the continent's numerous war zones,几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的从林中爆发出来。

一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；rode with truckers from one rest-stop brothel to the nest, and eventually flew, perhaps with an air steward, to America, where it was discovered in the early 1980s.随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年代初被发现。

Of the 25 monitoring sites in Zimbabwe where pregnant women are tested for HIV, only two in 1997 showed prevalence below 10%.在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女接收了HIV病毒的检测。

1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。

This is because so many people in poor countries do not contribute much to the formal economy. To put it even more crudely, where there is a huge oversupply of unskilled labour, the dead can easily be replaced.这是因为在贫困国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用。

说的再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很容易被取代When a breadwinner develops AIDS, his (or her) family is impoverished twice over : his income vanishes, and his relations must devote time and money to nursing him.当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。

因为不止是他的收入没有了，他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。

There was no attempt to play down the spread of HIV to avoid scaring off tourists, as happened in Kenya. Thai were repeatedly warned of the dangers, told how to avoid them, and left to make their own choices.泰国政府认为没有必要像肯尼亚那样由于害怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严重性。

泰国人被反复告知HIV 的危害性，以及如何避免它，最后由他们自己去做出选择。

Unit3 For almost four years, research into HIV has been dominated by a single theory about how the virus causes the catastrophic collapse of the immune defences that leads to AIDS. But the consensus on this the theory is now crumbling, thanks in part to the work of a Dutch team led by immunologist Frank Miedema.•近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论一直主宰着人类对HIV的研究。

但是这种理论的一致性现在正在动摇，部分原因是由于免疫学家弗兰克-米德马领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的研究工作。

•I f the Dutch team is right, the consequences will be profound. People with HIV may hope for new types of treatment. And some of the most cherished dogmas of a multibillion-dollar research industry may be overturned. 如果荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。

感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。

而一些花费几十亿美元的研究项目中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。

Unit 4•I n general,the WTO has adopted rules which are in the interest of trans-national business and rejected rules by business. WTO policies have been protested by representatives of “civil society”, such as unions, consumeractivists, environmentalists, indigenous people, and women’s groups.•总体而言，世界贸易组织采纳了有利于跨国商务活动的规则，拒绝了商务活动反对的规则。

世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境保护主义者、土著居民、妇女团体等的反对。

•I n Mexico, where a currency crisis threw the nation into depression shortly after implementation of NAFTA, small business owners were in the street, too, opposing “free trade”. Poor countr ies of the global south, which disagree with northern unions over labor protections, agree the WTO is not working in the interests of most people.•墨西哥在执行北美贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。