上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷 Word版含解析

2017-2018学年上海中学高二第一学期开学测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirection: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence.25.Excuse me,would you please tell me .A.when the sports meet is taken placeB.when is the sports meet going to be heldC.when is the sports meet to beginD.when the sports meet is to take place26.Time flies like an arrow,and time lost .A.never has returnedB.never returnedC.never returnsD.is never returning27.If the factory the river,there will be no fish in it soon.A.left pollutingB.leaving pollutingC.is left pollutingD.leaves to pollute28.What really flatters a man is you think him worth flattering.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how29.Time tries friends fire tries gold.A.whenB.asC.likeD.what30.I have pleasure in introducing to you the man without generosity your club would cease to exist.A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.this31.Learning is a natural pleasure,inborn and instinctive, of the essential pleasures of the human race.A.whichB.oneC.eachD.any32.In the past decade ,geologists have come loser than ever to the age of the earth.A.calculateB.calculatingC.be calculatingD.have calculated33.He insisted on Dr.Turner instead of Mr.Turner.A.his being calledB.him to be calledC.his callingD.him to call34.There something wrong with the engine of the car,we had to go to the park by taxi.A.having beenB.beingC.isD.was35.A person who begins a job that he isn‟t going to like it or is sure that he is going to fail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hold back his success.A.convincesB.convinceC.convincedD.convincing36.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces ,and each of us must choose we want to shape our outlook and our expectations.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when37.There is no doubt that it is around the family and the home all the greatest virtues of human society are created,strengthened, and maintained.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.with38.As we go into the new century,we need to be ready to go with the winds of trust,conscience and intuition, we are open to the unexpected and are alert and are adaptable,life will become a wonderful journey.A.UntilB.UnlessC.thoughD.If39.Much unhappiness has been suffered by those people who have never recognized that it is as necessary to make themselves into whole and harmonious personalities as themselves clean ,healthy and financially independent.A.keptB.keepC.to keepD.keeping40.Just to his surprise ,he had never expected a woman calling herself his birth mother20 years after his birth.A.there to beB.there beingC.there isD.there have beenKeys: DCCAB ABBAB CBADC Athe hot sun,running around for no reason.Perhaps in lower level education,children see it as a41 of escaping the classroom,but as they grow older ,it‟s simply looked upon as a huge waste of time and energy.However,engaging in acts of physical activity from a young age is very important for both the mental and physical health of a child ;the habits learnt in youth tend to continue into adulthood,thus having an effect on the prevalence of obesity and 42 illnesses in society.Physical activity has been 43 with an increased life expectancy in adults so its importance is obvious ,but its value for children sometimes needs to be 44 .It is never too early to start teaching a child 45 behavior and habits;however ,in middle childhood(ages6-10)children tend to be in a stage of development where they think very literally and will absorb everything you teach, do and say,.It is during this stage of development that they are most likely to be taught healthy eating habits,develop exercise programs and have an interest in 46 sports.Physical activity is one of the most important things we all can and should do to keep our body in healthy 47 .There are many health conditions that don‟t require a pill to be swallowed on a daily basis but ca be helped with a tiny amount of time invested in exercising .Physical activity is 48 for both mental and physical health.It has also been considered a tool for boosting our social life.People who see exercise as a total waste of time should understand that exercise is essential to life because it not only prevents us from being susceptible to illness,but it also teaches us how to be disciplined in the 49 that we have complete control over our body and its outcome.Today we live in an environment where we get more unhealthy foods and beverages for a lesser cost,which in 50 promotes greater consumption ,and unhealthier children and adults.Keys: AB AE A C BC AC B AD BD EIII. Reading comprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.With the sudden urge for social engagements in the modern world, many events and activities are being promoted to attract teens and adults. While adults feel out of place in a space filled with younger aged teens, teens often find themselves having to ___51___ between two extremes being presented by society: either teens decide to attend these events and are heavily pressured to”take just one sip ,” or ___52___ the popular act of drinking. The legal drinking age is currently eighteen, but the illegal drinking age is as low as zero. Most people have their first drink by the time they‟re 13. Unbelievably, that first drink can be the ___53___ of a troubled life.A few reasons for teens drinking are peer pressure, enjoyment, ___54___, sadness, boredom, rebellion and insomnia. But the main reason for doing so is “to ___55___ the law.” Teenagers become ___56___ with alcoholic beverages from the moment they enter high school. That means that a large quantity of teens under the age of eighteen have used alcohol before. Teens feel as though drinking before the legal age is a big deal, so they all try to ___57___ the rest of the “legal ”society. Being a ___58___ and not following the rules is an important role of a teen‟s life, though no one wants to face the consequences of being an adult.Despite the fact that it is legal for young teens to purchase alcohol, they are able to get it throug h their parents‟ liquor cabinets, ___59___ store clerks, or older friends who purchase it for them. As we all see, it is not hard for teens to obtain alcohol. Since there seems to be no ___60___ of under age teen drinking in society, why then not just lower then drinking age? Drinking can make teens “feel good,” but this feeling lasts only for a short time. Teenagers on shows like Gossip Girl get drunk regularly, but those shows rarely ___61___ the problems alcohol can cause. Teenagers often think that drin king will give them more energy, but ___62___ isn‟t an energy drink; it‟s a depressant. Alcohol ___63___ damages the brain and body, and for this to happen at a very young age, is saddening. Drinking stimulates poorly made decisions by teens, and ___64___, many teens end up pregnant or dropping out of school. They may even get hurt or ___65___ in severe accidents caused by their being drunk.51.A cause B.choose C.avoid D.witness52.A.pick up B.deal with C.fight against D.engage in53.A.excuse B.start C.symbol D.meaning54.A.anxiety B.disorder C.imitation D.lifestyle55.A.observe B.resist C.break D.invent56.A.busy B.content C.honest D.familiar57.A.fit in with B.make up for C.catch up with D.hold on to58.A.protester B.supporter C.rebel wyer59.A.illegal B.irresponsible C.forgetful D.unsatisfactory60.A.report B.prohibition C.elimination D.measures61.A.solve B.blame C.explore D.assume62.A.water B.wine C.liquor D.alcohol63.A.constantly B.actually C.exactlyD.unexpectedly64.A.as a result B.in return C.on the contrary D.after all65.A.arrested B.cheated C.disturbed D.killedKeys: 51-55 BDBAC 56-60 DACBC 61-65 CDBADIV. Reading ComprehensionSection A: Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Martha Kostyra was born in Jersey City ,New Jersey on August3, 1941(she became Martha Stewart when she married Andy Stewart in 1961). Martha‟s dad was a pharmaceutical (制药学的) salesman and her wife was a housewife and a teacher. Her were fairly strict and required their children to do plenty of housework and help around the house . Martha learned how to cook and sew from her mother .She also learned about gardening by helping her father out in the yard.When Martha was in high school , she made extra money by babysitting and organizing children‟ parties . She was a bright student and attended Barnard College in New York city. She helped pay for her schooling through modeling jobs. In 1962, she graduated from Barnard with degrees in History and Architectural History.Before graduating from college, Martha married Andy Stewart. After college she and Andy traveled and Martha continued to model. Martha had her only child, a daughter named Alexis, in 1965. Two years later, Martha wanted to go to work. She got a job as a stockbroker in New York City and worked for six years.In 1971,Martha and Andy purchased a farmhouse they called Turkey Hill in Westport, connecticut. After quitting her job, Martha spent her time completely restoring the old farmhouse. She also studied how to cook and became an excellent gourmet chef. One day Martha decided to put her cooking skills to the test by opening up her own catering business. She cooked food and hosted large dinner parties and quickly became a success.Through her books and television appearances, Martha soon became famous . In the 1990s, she began to expand her business . She started a magazine called Martha Stewart Living, a popular newspaper column, and her own television show. The name Martha Stewart became a brand that was worth millions of dollars . In 1997, she formed a company called Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. She was president and CEO. She took the company public in 1999, selling shares in the company. At one point her estimated wealth was nearly $1 billion. She also had her own band of products at stores like Home Depot, K-Mart, Macy‟s and Sears. She also worked with home builders to design Martha Stewart inspired homes.66. Martha has NOT been aA. baby-sitterB. stockbrokerC. catererD. home builder67. What started Martha … s success in business?A. Her modeling jobsB. Her graduation from collegeC. Her catering business.D. Her effort into the farmhouse68.The underlined phrase “took the company public” is closed in meaning to “ ”A. made the company appear on the stock marketB. Made the company known to more peopleC. shared the secrets of her success with the publicD. Sold the whole company to the highest bidder69.What is the purpose of this passage?A. To introduce Martha and Andy.B. To introduce Martha and her life stories.C. To show parents‟ role in one‟s successD. To stress the importance of doing various jobs.Keys: DCAB(B)There is a cry of rage, and a tennis racket crashes to the ground. Jake,age 7,has just lost another match and is now in tears beside the court. His sister Sally, just one year older, looks at her mother and rolls her eyes: it is hard to enjoy winning when this keeps happening. It is not an unusual situation, and it is one reason why many people argue that competition is bad for children. However,the truth is that competitive games are a valuable preparation for adult life.Games with winners and losers give children the chance to experience life‟s ups anddowns .Take Jake, for example.Even though he is unhappy now, he will probably be smiling and laughing with his sister in a few minutes, just like the last time this happened . Gradually, he will learn that the world does not end when you lose a game. Eventually, he may even be able to lose with a smile on his face. This is an important lesson. Not everything in life goes the way you would like, and it is important to know how to handle disappointment t when it occurs.Children who participate in competitive games develop qualities that allow them to succeed in the complex world of adult life. For example, one of the missions of the Youth Olympic Games is to inspire young people to adopt the Olympic values, which include striving,Determination and optimism. Competition creates a desire to do better. Children have to learn to succeed in a competitive atmosphere in order to take advantage of opportunities in thefuture .Although it is possible to win by chance occasionally, people who win and keep winning work very hard to achieve their success.On the negative side,there are those who will say that competition actually encourages some values , which does happen . It is common to see sports competition in which the desire to win has replaced the desire to have fun. You may even see very young children playing violently----like the superstars they see on TV. While the bad behavior of young athletes is troubling, the problem is not the competition itself. In reality, the blame lies with the professional players who are bad role models for these children. In fact, a recent study of young athletes by the school of Physical Health Education at the University of Wyoming showed an improvement in mood after exercise, athletes were less depressed or tense.Of course, there are parents who argue that children of Jake‟s age are too young to handle the pain of losing. But whether we like it or not, adult life is very competitive , and keeping children away from competition does them more harm than good. If children do not learn how to compete, they will be defeated by people who can. It is an unfortunate fact of life: whether ten or a hundred people want the same job, there can be only one winner .Wouldn‟t you want your child to be that person?petitive games prepare children for their adult life by_______A. enabling them to know to handle life‟s ups and downsB. allowing them to succeed in the complex world of adult lifeC. Ending their feeling about the world when they loseD. Helping them to smile even when they are disappointed71. The example of the Youth Olympics is meant to illustrate that_______A. Competitions develop children‟s qualities to succeed in their future lifeB. the Olympic Values should be promoted among young peopleC. Taking advantages of future opportunities makes one desire to do betterD. Only by working hard to keep winning can one achieve true success72. Which really counts in sports competitions according to Paragraph 4?A. The desire to winB. The desire to have funC. Good role modelsD. An improvement in mood73. The author suggests to the parents that_______A. They should learn how to handle pain of losingB. Children should know earlier the competitive adult lifeC. They shouldn‟t keep children away from competitionD. They should encourage their children to get the jobKeys: AABC(C)Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children‟s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our economies, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world‟s resources, confident that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to revolutionise its aims and assumptions. What do they say—and will their ideas achieve lift-off?To its advocators, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ignored in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a mistake, say ecological economists.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the former, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a crude measure which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. In its place they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), acomposite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person peaked in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-gu ru, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held constant.Mainstream economists are unimpressed. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.74. Kenneth Boulding and the content of his essay at the beginning of this passage are meant to .A. point out how ignorant of nature the cowboys areB. blame human beings for their exploitation of natureC. ask people to take seriously the environment limitsD. introduce ecological economists and ecologist economics75. According to ecological economists, what is the mistake existing in conventional textbooks?A. Ecology and economics are not mixed togetherB. Human economy isn‟t recognized as parts of natureC. The environment has both resources and wastesD. Diagrams connect firms, households and the government76. The comparison between GDP and GPI data in 1978 has warned us that .A. GDP is crude measure that is not worth usingB. car accident should by all means include in GDPC. we are gaining material wealth by destroying natureD. resources and energy will one day be totally used up77. Which in the following will the author probably agree?A. the aims and assumptions of economics need to be revolutionizedB. GDP and GPI should be both accepted by mainstream economistsC. Human beings can always find solutions to all the annoying problemsD. Ecological economists‟ concerns about the world are worth noticing.Keys: DBCDSection CDirection: Read the following passage and then choose the most suitable sentences from theWhen tea leaves were first imported to Britain in the 17th century, only a few could afford them. By the 18th century it had become the democratic drink of the everyman; but afternoon tea as a distinct ceremony, complete with pastries, was a Victorian invention.78 . The gradual infiltration of American coffee culture also played a part, as did the rise of women in the workforce (less than for sipping), the widening range of social haunts and the ebbing of formality (the Ritz still bans jeans and “sports shoes”).79 . Caffeine-free black tea and onion bread are recent additions to the menu. A century ago the Ritz was one of the few places an unmarried young woman could meet a man without a chaperone, says Ms. Simpson; women still dominate the tea guests, but most now leave their menfolk behind. And the quintessentially British experience is typically served by tall-coated waiters from continental Europe.Such luxury at a time of economic depression may be surprising. But tea seems to be an austerity-era way to splash out. At ￡42 ($67) a head, tea at the Ritz is a small part compared with lunch, let alone a room. 80 “Tea is a celebratory meal but it‟s often cheaper and doesn‟t take as long”, says Christina Norton.And the afternoon tea fashion is trickling down. For less grand hotels, it is a neat way to fill a formerly dead zone in mid-afternoon. 81 . The Great British Bake Off, a television programme devoted to cupcakes and crumpets, recently ended a second series. Sales of cookie cutters, cake stands and “vintage-style cake tins” have shot up, according to a department store. A pottery firm says tea, “the big thing of the moment”, has received demand for its wares. Times may be tough, but Britons are still eating cake.Keys: C;AB;B;DIV. Translation1.如果你想申请那所美国大学的奖学金，请尽快通过电子邮件与他们取得联系。