塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响(英文)最新PPT课件

threatened by
.
Obviously, this sea turtle
was scarred. After this
picture was taken, maybe
it would die soon. As we
can imagine, there are still
thousands of sea turtles
under the threaten of
plastic debris. If no one
helps them, they are just
dying lonely, scared, and
desperated.
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This picture tells us a sad story about this turtle: it was trapped accidentally when it was young. As it grew bigger and bigger, the rubber band limited it. As a result, its body was deformed.
? On 11 April 2013 in order to create awareness, artist Maria Cristina Finucci founded The Garbage Patch State at UNESCO –Paris in front of Director General Irina Bokova. (The garbage patch territory turns into a new state - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . unesco.org.)First of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of Italian Ministry of the Environment. [80]
How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheries
The main waste in the ocean is the Plastic debris. About 80 percent of marine debris is plastic.
Every year, a huge number of seabirds, turtles, and fisheries died of eating plastic debris by mistake.
up suffocating or drowning. ? They don't have hands like us to untangle themselves, as a
result, they die from their inability to escape their predators. （ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH; Parsons&JR2012).
(how have the plastic debris affected them)
2.Ingestion
Birds
? Seabirds often mistake trash floating on the ocean's surface as prey.
? Even worse, marine plastic pollution can reach birds that have never
Parsons&JR ,2012 ）
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The organism that is being affected
? Seabirds ? Whales ? Fisheries ? Seals ? Sea lions ? Sea turtle ? Dolphins
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Aquatic wildlife can be
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A heart-broken photo
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An exhibit at the Mote Marine Laboratory that displays plastic bags in the ocean that look similar to jellyfish.
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Effects on wildlife & fisheries
? “This plastic debris can kill the sea turtle by obstructing the esophagus.”(Gregory & M. R. 14 June 2009)
? So too are whales; large amounts of plastics have been found in the stomachs of beached whales.
2002)
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The biodiversity of the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is decreasing
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Reasons:
1. Fauna & Flora International(FFI) has already confirmed that plastic debris will pose a growing threat to Marine biodiversity and marine food chain in 2010.
? Naval and reseaຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduch vessels eject waste and military equipment that are deemed unnecessary.
? Pleasure crafts release fishing gear and other types of waste , either accidentally or through negligent handling.
been at the sea. Parents may accidentally feed their nestlings plastic, mistaking it for food.(Rodríguez, A; et al.)
? Seabird chicks are the most vulnerable to plastic ingestion since they can‘t vomit up their food like the adult seabir(Ddse.rraik, J. G. B. ，
2. There will be more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050, warned the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in a report published Tuesday. (There Will Be More Plastic Than Fish in the Ocean by 2050, January 19, 2016)
? The North Pacific Gyre, for example, has collected the so-called
“Great Pacific Garbage Patch ”, which is now estimated to be one to twenty times the size of Texas (approximately from 700,000 to 15,000,000 square kilometers). In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six. (Weisman&Alan ，2007). Click to see more details
? Truth: In June 2018, more than 80 plastic bags were found inside a dying pilot whale that washed up on the shores of
Thailand.( Whale dies from eating more than 80 plastic bags . The Guardian. June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.)
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Efforts that human made to help those organisms
? Every year, June 5 is observed as World Environment Day to raise awareness and increase government action on the pressing issue. In 2018, India is the host to this year's World Environment Day and the theme is ‘Beat Plastic Pollution' with focus on single-use or disposable plastic.
? The largest ocean-based source of plastic pollution is discarded
fishing gear (including traps and nets), estimated to be up to 90% of
plastic debris in some areas. （ Hammer, J; Kraak, MH;
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Convincing data(on Pacific Ocean)
?In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyag,eAlgalita Marine Research
Foundation researchers began finding that fish are eating plastic fragments and waste. Of the 672 fish caught during that voyage, 35% had ate plastic pieces. Click to see more details
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Effects on wildlife & fisheries
(how have the plastic debris affected them)
1. Entanglement ? Entanglement is responsible for many different kinds of
wildlife. Such as seals, fish, turtles, and birds. ? These animals get caught in the debris and end
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Effects on wildlife & fisheries
(how have the plastic debris affected them)
2.Ingestion
Sea animals
? Turtles sometimes mistake plastic bags for jellyfish.
3. Scientists said that whales such as whale sharks are endangered. Currently, the whale shark has been listed on the world union for conservation of nature (IUCN) red list of endangered species ver3.1 vulnerable (VU) in 2005, and is also listed in CITES level protection of animals under the Washington convention.
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Human actions that polluted the pacific ocean
? Merchant ships expel cargo, sewage, used medical equipment , and other types of waste that contain plastic into the ocean.