美国第30任总统 卡尔文·柯立芝就职演说
美国历届总统就职演说词(Jimmy Carter)
Inaugural Address of Jimmy CarterTHURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1977For myself and for our Nation, I want to thank my predecessor for all he has done to heal our land.In this outward and physical ceremony we attest once again to the inner and spiritual strength of our Nation. As my high school teacher, Miss Julia Coleman, used to say: "We must adjust to changing times and still hold to unchanging principles."Here before me is the Bible used in the inauguration of our first President, in 1789, and I have just taken the oath of office on the Bible my mother gave me a few years ago, opened to a timeless admonition from the ancient prophet Micah:"He hath showed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God." (Micah 6: 8)This inauguration ceremony marks a new beginning, a new dedication within our Government, and a new spirit among us all. A President may sense and proclaim that new spirit, but only a people can provide it.Two centuries ago our Nation's birth was a milestone in the long quest for freedom, but the bold and brilliant dream which excited the founders of this Nation still awaits its consummation. I have no new dream to set forth today, but rather urge a fresh faith in the old dream.Ours was the first society openly to define itself in terms of both spirituality and of human liberty. It is that unique self- definition which has given us an exceptional appeal, but it also imposes on us a special obligation, to take on those moral duties which, when assumed, seem invariably to be in our own best interests.You have given me a great responsibility--to stay close to you, to be worthy of you, and to exemplify what you are. Let us create together a new national spirit of unity and trust. Your strength can compensate for my weakness, and your wisdom can help to minimize my mistakes.Let us learn together and laugh together and work together and pray together, confident that in the end we will triumph together in the right.The American dream endures. We must once again have full faith in our country--and in one another. I believe America can be better. We can be even stronger than before.Let our recent mistakes bring a resurgent commitment to the basic principles of our Nation, for we know that if we despise our own government we have no future. We recall in special times when we have stood briefly, but magnificently, united. In those times no prize was beyond our grasp.But we cannot dwell upon remembered glory. We cannot afford to drift. We reject the prospect of failure or mediocrity or an inferior quality of life for any person. Our Government must at the same time be both competent and compassionate.We have already found a high degree of personal liberty, and we are now struggling to enhance equality of opportunity. Our commitment to human rights must be absolute, our laws fair, our natural beauty preserved; the powerful must not persecute the weak, and human dignity must be enhanced.We have learned that "more" is not necessarily "better," that even our great Nation has its recognized limits, and that we can neither answer all questions nor solve all problems. We cannot afford to do everything, nor can we afford to lack boldness as we meet the future. So, together, in a spirit of individual sacrifice for the common good, we must simply do our best.Our Nation can be strong abroad only if it is strong at home. And we know that the best way to enhance freedom in other lands is to demonstrate here that our democratic system is worthy of emulation.To be true to ourselves, we must be true to others. We will not behave in foreign places so as to violate our rules and standards here at home, for we know that the trust which our Nation earns is essential to our strength.The world itself is now dominated by a new spirit. Peoples more numerous and more politically aware are craving and now demanding their place in the sun--not just for the benefit of their own physical condition, but for basic human rights.The passion for freedom is on the rise. Tapping this new spirit, there can be no nobler nor more ambitious task for America to undertake on this day of a new beginning than to help shape a just and peaceful world that is truly humane.We are a strong nation, and we will maintain strength so sufficient that it need not be proven in combat--a quiet strength based not merely on the size of an arsenal, but on the nobility of ideas.We will be ever vigilant and never vulnerable, and we will fight our wars against poverty, ignorance, and injustice--for those are the enemies against which our forces can be honorably marshaled.We are a purely idealistic Nation, but let no one confuse our idealism with weakness.Because we are free we can never be indifferent to the fate of freedom elsewhere. Our moral sense dictates a clearcut preference for these societies which share with us an abiding respect for individual human rights. We do not seek to intimidate, but it is clear that a world which others can dominate with impunity would be inhospitable to decency and a threat to the well-being of all people.The world is still engaged in a massive armaments race designed to ensure continuing equivalent strength among potential adversaries. We pledge perseverance and wisdom in our efforts to limit the world's armaments to those necessary for each nation's own domestic safety. And we will move this year a step toward ultimate goal--the elimination of all nuclear weapons from this Earth. We urge all other people to join us, for success can mean life instead of death.Within us, the people of the United States, there is evident a serious and purposeful rekindling of confidence. And I join in the hope that when my time as your President has ended, people might say this about our Nation:- that we had remembered the words of Micah and renewed our search for humility, mercy, and justice;- that we had torn down the barriers that separated those of different race and region and religion, and where there had been mistrust, built unity, with a respect for diversity;- that we had found productive work for those able to perform it;- that we had strengthened the American family, which is the basis of our society;- that we had ensured respect for the law, and equal treatment under the law, for the weak and the powerful, for the rich and the poor;- and that we had enabled our people to be proud of their own Government once again.I would hope that the nations of the world might say that we had builta lasting peace, built not on weapons of war but on international policies which reflect our own most precious values.These are not just my goals, and they will not be my accomplishments, but the affirmation of our Nation's continuing moral strength and our belief in an undiminished, ever-expanding American dream.。
柯立芝效应:彻底表达男女对性的态度
柯立芝效应:彻底表达男女对性的态度(看女人的三点)新鲜感对性欲有很大的影响,很多研究道出了“柯立芝效应”(Coolidge Effect)在人类性行为中的重要作用。
有个故事很出名,但可能只是杜撰。
美国总统卡尔文·柯立芝(第30任,1923~1928年,Calvin Coolidge)偕夫人参观某农场,到了农场之后,两人分头参观。
柯立芝夫人到了鸡舍,发现一只公鸡正在和一只母鸡交配,于是她问鸡舍管理员,一只公鸡是否能满足鸡舍里这么多只母鸡的需要。
“是的,”管理员说,“公鸡很努力,很尽责。
”柯立芝夫人又问,“真的?它每天都交配?”“是的,”管理员回答说,“实际上,他每天交配12次。
”“这可真有意思,”柯立芝夫人回答说,“请把这个告诉总统。
”没过多会儿,总统也来到鸡舍参观,管理员便将公鸡的事——总统夫人的话——告诉了他。
“公鸡每次都是跟同一只母鸡交配吗?”总统问。
“当然不是。
它每次都跟不同的母鸡交配。
”管理员回答说。
“那么也请把这个告诉总统夫人。
”柯立芝微笑着说。
大多数研究表明:尽管在两性关系初期,我们的大多数行为由性欲驱动,但是随着时间的推移,我们很难对同一个人一直保持旺盛的性欲。
对我们当中的很多人而言,一见钟情不算什么,白头偕老才是奇迹。
通常,两性关系刚开始时,一切都是新鲜的、刺激的,这个时候,男女双方都激情满满、性致勃勃地探索对方的身体。
但是征服期很快就结束了,继而进入平淡期。
讽刺的是,知道任何时候我们都可以做爱,意味着我们不能无所顾忌地做爱。
一个喜剧演员曾经说过:“当你的妻子说‘你只对一件事感兴趣’,而你不明白她所指何事时,这就说明你的婚姻出了问题。
”进化心理学看男女如何选择性伴侣欲望对于真正充实的生活而言,是很重要的。
欲望是决定我们成为什么样的人的关键要素。
尽管我们很多人不会把自我和欲望直接联系到一起,但是没有了欲望,我们的自我感就会发生很大的变化。
我们就是性的存在。
但是,影响人们选择伴侣的因素是什么?是什么让两个人互相吸引?吸引力到底是什么?通常,选择伴侣是需要信心的,有些执行官把它描述成他们所做过的最勇敢、最冒险、最不切实际的事情。
美国44任总统及其名言 [44P]
第33任总统:哈里.S.杜鲁门(Harry S.Truman,1945-1953年任职)
其名言:
我从来没有给任何人说过鬼话----我只是说出了关于这些人的事实,而他们却把这种事实当作鬼话。
第26任总统:西奥多.罗斯福(Theodore Roosevelt,1901-1909年任职)
其名言:
没有人能像我一样享受当总统的乐趣。
一个从未上过学的人也许会偷一节运货车厢,但是,如果他受过大学教育,他有可能偷窃整个铁路。
第27任总统:威廉.霍华德.塔脱夫(William Howard Taft,1909-1913年任职)
其名言:
我可以是美国总统,但是我的私人生活别人无权过问。
人不免要死亡,但是,我们这个自由国家的制度是永世长存的,是绝对不会动摇的。
第22任、第24任总统:斯蒂芬.格洛佛.克利夫兰(Stephen Grover Cleveland,1885-1889、1893-1897年任职)
第34任总统:德怀特.戴维.艾森豪威尔(Dwight David Eisenhower,1953-1961年任职)
其名言:
从最终意义上来讲,我们所造的每一把枪、每一艘下水的军舰、每一支发射的火箭、都是从那些吃不饱的饥饿的人和那些穿不暖的受冻的人那里偷窃来的。
其名言:
总统无法让云下雨,无法让玉米生长,也无法让商业繁荣;尽管当这些事情发生后,政治党派会因为一些发生的好事而邀功。
第28任总统:托马斯.伍德罗.威尔逊(Thomas Woodrow Wilson,1913-1921年任职)
其名言:
只要以超人般的精力,以照看看起来像精神错乱且莫不关心的旁观者的精力来努力工作,我们就能获得任何有价值的成就。
历届美国总统就职演说中英双语
历届美国总统就职演说中英双语第一篇范文:美国历届总统就职演讲稿First Inaugural Address of George WashingtonTHE CITY OF NEW YORK__Y, APRIL 30, 1789Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives: Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years―a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who (inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought tobe peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than myown, nor those of my fellow- citizens at large less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence. By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President “to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with thosecircumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents,the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and courseof nature an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity; since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained; and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republicanmodel of government are justly considered, perhaps, as deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people.Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good; for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far the former can be impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that Ishould renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed; and being still under the impressions which produced it, I must decline as inapplicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed may during my continuance in it be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign Parentof the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.Second Inaugural Address of George WashingtonTHE CITY OF __LPHIAMONDAY, MARCH 4, 1793Fellow Citizens:I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate. When the occasion proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain of this distinguished honor, and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of united America.Previous to the execution of any official act of the President the Constitution requires an oath of office. This oath I am now about to take, and in your presence: That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment) be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.Inaugural Address of John Adams__AL __ IN THE CITY OF __LPHIA__Y, MARCH 4, 1797When it was first perceived, in early times, that no middle course for America remained between unlimited submission to a foreign legislature and a total independence of its claims, men of reflection were less apprehensive of danger from the formidable power of fleets and armies they must determine to resist than from those contests and dissensions which would certainly arise concerning the forms of government to be instituted over the whole and over the parts of this extensive country.Relying, however, on the purity of their intentions, the justice of their cause, and the integrity and intelligence of the people, under an overruling Providence which had so signally protected this country from the first, the representatives of this nation, then consisting of little more than half its present number, not only broke to pieces the chains which were forging and the rod of iron that was lifted up, but frankly cut asunder the ties which had bound them, and launched into an ocean of uncertainty.The zeal and ardor of the people during the Revolutionary war, supplying the place of government, commanded a degree of order sufficient at least for the temporary preservation of society. The Confederation which was early felt to be necessary was prepared from the models of the Batavian and Helvetic confederacies, the only examples which remain with any detail and precision in history, and certainly the only ones which the people at large had ever considered. But reflecting on the striking difference in so many particulars between this country and those where a courier may go from the seat of government to the frontier in a single day, it was then certainly foreseen by some who assisted in Congress at the formation of it that it could not be durable.Negligence of its regulations, inattention to its recommendations, if not disobedience to its authority, not only in individuals but in States, soon appeared with their melancholy consequences― universal languor, jealousies and rivalries of States, decline of navigation and commerce,discouragement of necessary manufactures, universal fall in the value of lands and their produce, contempt of public and private faith, loss of consideration and credit with foreign nations, and at length in discontents, animosities, combinations, partial conventions, and insurrection, threatening some great national calamity.In this dangerous crisis the people of America were not abandoned by their usual good sense, presence of mind, resolution, or integrity. Measures were pursued to concert a plan to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty. The public disquisitions, discussions, and deliberations issued in the present happy Constitution of Government.Employed in the service of my country abroad during the whole course of these transactions, I first saw the Constitution of the United States in a foreign country. Irritated by no literary altercation, animated by no public debate, heated by no party animosity, I read it with great satisfaction, as the result of good heads prompted by good hearts, as an experiment better adapted to the genius, character, situation, and relations of this nation and countrythan any which had ever been proposed or suggested. In its general principles and great outlines it was conformable to such a system of government as I had ever most esteemed, and in some States, my ownnative State in particular, had contributed to establish. Claiming a right of suffrage, in common with my fellow-citizens, in the adoption or rejection of a constitution which was to rule me and my posterity, as well as them and theirs, I did not hesitate to express my approbation of it on all occasions, in public and in private. It was not then, nor has been since, any objection to it in my mind that the Executive and Senate were not more permanent. Nor have I ever entertained a thought of promoting any alteration in it but such as the people themselves, in the course of their experience, should see and feel to be necessary or expedient, and by their representatives in Congress and the State legislatures, according to the Constitution itself, adopt and ordain.Returning to the bosom of my country after a painful separation from it for ten years, I had the honor to be elected to a station under the new order of things, and I have repeatedly laid myself under the most serious obligations to support the Constitution. The operation of it has equaled the most sanguine expectations of its friends, and from an habitual attention to it, satisfaction in its administration, and delight in its effects upon the peace, order, prosperity, and happiness of the nation I have acquired an habitual attachment to it and veneration for it.What other form of government, indeed, can so well deserve our esteem and love?There may be little solidity in an ancient idea that congregations ofmen into cities and nations are the most pleasing objects in the sight of superior intelligences, but this is very certain, that to a benevolent human mind there can be no spectacle presented by any nation more pleasing, more noble, majestic, or august, than an assembly like that which has so often been seen in this and the other Chamber of Congress, of a Government in which the Executive authority, as well as that of all the branches of the Legislature, are exercised by citizens selected at regular periods by their neighbors to make and execute laws for the general good. Can anything essential, anything more than mere ornament and decoration, be added to this by robes and diamonds? Can authority be more amiable and respectable when it descends from accidents or institutions established in remote antiquity than when it springs fresh from the hearts and judgments of an honest and enlightened people? For it is the people only that are represented. It is their power and majesty that is reflected, and only for their good, in every legitimate government, under whatever form it may appear. The existence of such a government as ours for any length of time is a full proof of a general dissemination of knowledge and virtue throughout the whole body of the people. And what object or consideration more pleasing than this can be presented to the human mind? If national pride is ever justifiable or excusable it is when it springs, not from power or riches, grandeur or glory, but from conviction of national innocence, information, and benevolence.In the midst of these pleasing ideas we should be unfaithful to ourselves if we should ever lose sight of the danger to our liberties if anything partial or extraneous should infect the purity of our free, fair, virtuous, and independent elections. If an election is to be determined by a majority of a single vote, and that can be procured by a party through artifice or corruption, the Government may be the choice of a party for its own ends, not of the nation for the national good. If that solitary suffrage can be obtained by foreign nations by flattery or menaces, by fraud or violence, by terror, intrigue, or venality, the Government may not be the choice of the American people, but of foreign nations. It may be foreign nations who govern us, and not we, the people, who govern ourselves; and candid men will acknowledge that in such cases choice would have little advantage to boast of over lot or chance. Such is the amiable and interesting system of government (and such are some of the abuses to which it may be exposed) which the people of America have exhibited to the admiration and anxiety of the wise and virtuous of all nations for eight years under the administration of a citizen who, by a long course of great actions, regulated by prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude, conducting a people inspired with the same virtues and animated with the same ardent patriotism and love of liberty to independence and peace, to increasing wealth and unexampled prosperity, has merited the gratitude of his fellow-citizens, commanded the highest praises of foreign nations, andsecured immortal glory with posterity.In that retirement which is his voluntary choice may he long live to enjoy the delicious recollection of his services, the gratitude of mankind, the happy fruits of them to himself and the world, which are daily increasing, and that splendid prospect of the future fortunes of this country which is opening from year to year. His name may be still a rampart, and the knowledge that he lives a bulwark, against all open or secret enemies of his country's peace. This example has been recommended to the imitation of his successors by both Houses of Congress and by the voice of the legislatures and the people throughout the nation.On this subject it might become me better to be silent or to speak with diffidence; but as something may be expected, the occasion, I hope, will be admitted as an apology if I venture to say that if a preference, upon principle, of a free republican government, formed upon long and serious reflection, after a diligent and impartial inquiry after truth; if an attachment to the Constitution of the United States, and a conscientious determination to support it until it shall be altered by the judgments and wishes of the people, expressed in the mode prescribed in it; if a respectful attention to the constitutions of the individual States and a constant caution and delicacy toward the State governments; if an equal and impartial regard to the rights, interest, honor, and happiness of all the States in the Union,without preference or regard to a northern or southern, an eastern or western, position, their various political opinions on unessential points or their personal attachments; if a love of virtuous men of all parties and denominations; if a love of science and letters and a wish to patronize every rational effort to encourage schools, colleges, universities, academies, and every institution for propagating knowledge, virtue, and religion among all classes of the people, not only for their benign influence on the happiness of life in all its stages and classes, and of society in all its forms, but as the only means of preserving our Constitution from its natural enemies, the spirit of sophistry, the spirit of party, the spirit of intrigue, the profligacy of corruption, and the pestilence of foreign influence, which is the angel of destruction to elective governments; if a love of equal laws, of justice, and humanity in the interior administration; if an inclination to improve agriculture, commerce, and manufacturers for necessity, convenience, and defense; if a spirit of equity and humanity toward the aboriginal nations of America, and a disposition to meliorate their condition by inclining them to be more friendly to us, and our citizens to be more friendly to them; if an inflexible determination to maintain peace and inviolable faith with all nations, and that system of neutrality and impartiality among the belligerent powers of Europe which has been adopted by this Government and so solemnly sanctioned by both Houses of Congress and applauded by the legislatures of the States and the publicopinion, until it shall be otherwise ordained by Congress; if a personal esteem for the French nation, formed in a residence of seven years chiefly among them, and a sincere desire to preserve the friendship which has been so much for the honor and interest of both nations; if, while the conscious honor and integrity of the people of America and the internal sentiment of their own power and energies must be preserved, an earnest endeavor to investigate every just cause and remove every colorable pretense of complaint; if an intention to pursue by amicable negotiation a reparation for the injuries that have been committed on the commerce of our fellow-citizens by whatever nation, and if success can not be obtained, to lay the facts before the Legislature, that they may consider what further measures the honor and interest of the Government and its constituents demand; if a resolution to do justice as far as may depend upon me, at all times and to all nations, and maintain peace, friendship, and benevolence with all the world; if an unshaken confidence in the honor, spirit, and resources of the American people, on which I have so often hazarded my all and never been deceived; if elevated ideas of the high destinies of this country and of my own duties toward it, founded on a knowledge of the moral principles and intellectual improvements of the people deeply engraven on my mind in early life, and not obscured but exalted by experience and age; and, with humble reverence, I feel it to be my duty to add, if a veneration for the religion of a people who profess and callthemselves Christians, and a fixed resolution to consider a decent respect for Christianity among the best recommendations for the public service, can enable me in any degree to comply with第二篇范文:美国历届总统就职演说华盛顿:First Inaugural Address of George WashingtonTHE CITY OF NEW YORK__Y, APRIL 30, 1789Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives: Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years--a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who (inheriting inferior endowmentsfrom nature and unpracticed in the duties of civiladministration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and privategood, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow- citizens at large less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President "torecommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." Thecircumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me fromentering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with thosecircumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of arecommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage ofcommunities and interests, so, on another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble unionbetween virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between。
“副总统先生,现在您是总统了”--九次特殊的美国总统就职仪式(下)
“副总统先生,现在您是总统了”--九次特殊的美国总统就职仪式(下)作者:王霄郭彩虹编译父亲为儿子主持宣誓就职仪式1923年8月3日清晨,约翰·柯立芝上校叫醒了他的儿子——卡尔文·柯立芝。
当时这位副总统正在他父亲的庄园休假。
“总统先生,您的电文。
”上校对儿子说道。
柯立芝上校的家没有电话。
电文最初由总统的秘书乔治·克里斯汀发到弗蒙特怀特河渡口,渡口总机接着要通了布里奇维特镇的W.A.皮金斯——当地公用电话的负责人。
皮金斯立即动身去找柯立芝的速记员欧文·C.盖西。
然后,众人乘车赶往老上校的庄园。
这封紧急电文称:“沃伦·哈定总统已经在前一天晚上7点半去世。
”农庄昔日平静的生活顷刻间就被打破了。
副总统首先坐到他童年时代写作业的桌子边起草纪念哈定总统的悼词。
悼词写完后,立即有记者自告奋勇去发布新总统的第一份文告,记者们没有意识到,他们因此错过了一次见证父亲给儿子主持宣誓就职的历史性时刻。
接着,柯立芝走到马路对面的杂货店,给查尔斯·欧文斯·休斯国务卿打了个电话。
休斯建议他立即举行宣誓仪式,而且“必须有一个公证人在场”。
柯立芝提出由他的父亲来承担这个任务,老上校是温泽镇的公证员。
就职仪式就在老上校家中的客厅举行,这个小客厅里只有一张桌子,上面放着三本书:《弗蒙特修订法》、《庄园农具索引》和《圣经》,客厅的顶部是一盏老式煤油灯。
上校和他的儿子面对面站在桌子两侧,大约有15名邻居在游廊里见证了这个奇特的宣誓仪式。
凌晨2时47分,仪式结束,柯立芝轻声说道:“上帝保佑。
”此时的农庄人声鼎沸,记者和好奇的邻居挤满了庄园。
当地一家周刊的编辑意识到新总统的家中竟然还没有一部电话,当即将电话公司的老板从床上拖了起来。
很快,一根电话线从上校家的厨房接进了新总统的房间。
清晨,柯立芝动身前往华盛顿,他命令汽车先停在家族墓地旁,然后他在母亲墓前肃立片刻。
日后他回忆说,“我很小的时候,就喜欢在母亲安息之地寻求安慰。
历届美国总统就职演说 中英双语
历届美国总统就职演说中英双语
历届美国总统就职演说优习网> 英语听力> 听力教程> 历届美国总统就职演说
1933年罗斯福、1949年杜鲁门、1953年艾森豪威尔、1961年肯尼迪、1963年约翰逊、1969年尼克松、1974年福特、1977年卡特、1981年里根、1989年乔治·H·W·布什、1993年克林顿、2001年乔治·W·布什、2009年奥巴马就职演说!·2009年美国第44任总统奥巴马就职演说
·2001年美国总统布什就职演说
·1993年美国总统克林顿就职演说
·1989年美国总统老布什就职演说
·1981年美国总统里根就职演说
·1974年美国总统福特就职演说
·1969年美国总统尼克松就职演说
·1961年美国总统肯尼迪就职演说·1965年美国总统约翰逊就职演说·1953年美国总统艾森豪威尔就职演说·1949年美国总统杜鲁门就职演说·1933年美国总统罗斯福就职演说·1974年美国总统福特就职演说。
史上十大绝妙反驳
史上十大绝妙反驳:不动声色堵死你Wit is a quality that is easily desired, but no so easily obtained. Those who do have it have gained heavy acclaim. Since the beginning of time, mankind has argued and debated against one another, and while some conflicts are won in wars, many of them are won in words. Here are ten of history’s best comebacks, retorts, repartee, insults, or whatever else you’d like to call them. From quotes of Winston Churchill to Oscar Wilde, these are surely people to tell tales about。
机智是人人都很想要的品质,可是却没那么容易得到。
机智的人总是会获得无尽赞美。
自古以来,人类中就有争吵和辩论的存在。
有些矛盾是通过战争解决,有些却是在言语交锋中战胜别人。
下面是史上十大最佳的反驳,你说这些是机敏的回答也好,不动声色的侮辱也好,都可以。
从丘吉尔到王尔德,他们妙语连珠,绝对是机智界的传奇:10. An English Comeback 英式反驳Nancy Astor was an American socialite who married into the wealthy English family of Astor. She actually was the first woman to be elected to Parliament, which makes her humiliation all the sweeter. She was invited to 1912 a dinner party located in the Churchill estate, but, unfortunately for her, she became extremely annoyed at a drunk and politically incorrect Winston Churchill. Finally, she exclaimed the following: “Winston, if you were my husband, I’d put poison in your coffee。
美国历史学习-哈丁去世后,总统柯立芝试图重建公众对政府的信任
美国历史本人签名:靓女帅哥 哈丁去世后,总统柯立芝试图重建公众对政府的信任1925年就职典礼上,卡尔文·柯立芝正在演讲1920年代早期,对美国来讲,是一问题诸多的时期。
国会和公众开始发觉了沃伦·哈丁总统政府中的几个政府高官的犯罪行为。
哈丁在去阿拉斯加州和西部州的旅行期间严重患病。
1923年8月他在加利福尼亚州的一个酒店房间中过世。
哈丁的副总统卡尔文·柯立芝成为新总统。
俩人都是共和党人。
他们的各项政策非常相同。
但是,柯立芝是非常不同寻常的人物。
他诚实忠厚。
他是一位国家需要来重建公众对政府信心的总统。
卡尔文·柯立芝闲静且相貌平平。
他是一位农民的儿子、是来自美国东北部佛特蒙州的政治领袖。
年轻的卡尔文勤工俭学干过不同的工作以支付大学学费。
他成为一名律师。
后来他迁到美国东北的马萨诸塞州,在那里他成为共和党政治活动中的极积活动家。
他第一次被选为一个城市的市长。
之后,他被选为州立法委员。
最后,他才被选为马萨诸塞州州长。
做为州长的柯立芝,成为第一次被全美国所熟悉的公众人物。
大约在1919年的卡尔文·柯立芝1919年,一伙波士顿市(美国马萨诸塞州首府)警察试图创办工会组织。
这一举动违反了警察局的规章制度。
所以警察局长暂停了19位工会领袖的工作。
第二天,几乎75%的波士顿市警察走上街头罢警。
两个晚上,犯罪分子自由出入该城。
他们抢夺商店威胁公民安全。
惊恐的全体美国人都在等看州长柯立芝将有何作为。
他采取了强硬的行动。
他要求州军队结束罢工。
他说:反对公共安全的罢工,任何人、任何地方和在任何时间,都是非法的。
大多数美国人赞成柯立芝的行动。
马萨诸塞州老百姓也支持他。
他们以大多数票重选他为州长。
之后,1920年,共和党人任命沃伦·哈丁为总统侯选人。
他们任命卡尔文·柯立芝为副总统。
当总统哈丁在加利福尼亚州去世后,柯立芝、他的太太和2个儿子搬入了白宫。
他是美国第30届总统,从某些方面来说,他是一位不同寻常的国家领导人。
美国历届总统就职演讲稿
美国历届总统就职演讲稿美国历届总统就职演讲稿美国是世界上最强大的国家之一,每当一个新总统上任时,他都需要在国会大厦的就职典礼上发表演讲,宣誓就职并介绍他的政治愿景。
这些就职演讲稿是美国历史上一些最重要的政治讲话之一,它们描绘了该国的未来方向,同时向全世界展示该国的价值和道德标准。
现在,让我们回顾一下一些重要而难忘的美国历届总统就职演讲稿。
华盛顿的就职演讲(1789)乔治·华盛顿成为美国第一任总统时,他在1789年4月30日在联邦大厦前宣誓就职。
在他的演讲中,华盛顿强调了联邦政府的重要性,并试图消除各个州之间的分歧,奠定了美国政府的基础。
林肯第二次就职演讲(1865)林肯第二次就职演讲是美国历史上最有名的就职演讲之一。
在恢复国家的艰难时期,林肯在典礼上提出了“和平、团结、正义”的口号,他的讲话也被认为是对奴隶制度废除的胜利在道义上的肯定。
罗斯福第一次就职演讲(1933)富兰克林·罗斯福在他的第一次就职演讲中,承诺通过“新政”政策扭转大萧条的局面。
他提出了“唯有恐惧本身才是我们所应害怕的”这一名言,鼓舞了美国人的信心,促进了国家的复苏。
肯尼迪就职演讲(1961)约翰·肯尼迪的就职演讲被誉为美国历史上最具启发性和激情澎湃的演讲之一。
他在演讲中提出了“不要问国家为你们能做些什么,而要问你们可以为国家做些什么”的名言,这真正地激励了所有的美国人为自己的国家做出贡献。
尼克松第一次就职演讲(1969)理查德·尼克松在他的第一次就职演讲中,承诺结束越南战争,并带领美国人民消除一切分裂。
他表示,他的首要任务是在极其分裂的美国社会中建立和谐。
这一演讲推动了美国的社会改革,缩小了美国社会的分裂。
奥巴马第一次就职演讲(2009)巴拉克·奥巴马成为第一个非白人美国总统,并在他的第一次就职典礼典礼上表达了自己对2008年大选的胜利兴奋以及对美国人民的期望。
他的演讲中,奥巴马渲染了美国困境,特别是经济上的困境,并谈到了一个更加团结的美国。
美国历届总统简介:第30任总统,约翰-卡尔文-柯立芝-美国历任总统
美国历届总统简介:第30任总统,约翰?卡尔文?柯立芝:美国历任总统John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the 30th President of the United States, serving between 1923 and 1929. He was born in Plymouth, Vermont, on July 4, 1872, the son of a village storekeeper. He graduated from AmherstCollege with honors, and entered law and politics in Massachusetts. Slowly, he went up the political ladder from councilman in Northampton to Governor of Massachusetts.约翰▪卡尔文▪柯立芝是美国第30任总统,任期为1923-1929年。
1872年,柯立芝出生于佛蒙特州温莎县的普利茅斯,他的爸爸是一名乡村店主。
他以优异的成绩毕业于阿默斯特学院,并在马塞诸塞州步入律师和政治行业。
慢慢地,他担任过北安普敦的议员,之后担任马塞诸塞州的州长。
One of his first duties as Governor was to deal with the Boston police strike in 1919. He brought in the National Guard and fired all striking officers. Newspapers across the nation reported on his decisive action and gave him the reputation of a strong leader. He became Vice President in 1921 and attended many of President Warren Harding’s cabinet meetings – the first Vice President to do so.作为州长,他的职责之一就是处理1919年波士顿警察罢工事件。
美国总统柯立芝生平简介
美国总统柯立芝生平简介小约翰·卡尔文·柯立芝(JohnCalvinCoolidge,Jr.,1872年7月4日-1933年1月5日)。
柯立芝毕业于美国雪城大学,美国第30任总统,共和党籍。
下面是小编为大家整理的美国总统柯立芝生平简介,希望大家喜欢!柯立芝生平简介约翰·柯立芝是美国的第三十位总统,出生于1872年7月4日的柯立芝是美国历史上唯一一位生于美国独立日的总统。
柯立芝的父亲虽然是一位农民,但是却也是地方上的老师和治安法官,柯立芝的母亲早逝,父亲却亲眼看见柯立芝入住白宫。
1906年地方的共和党议会提名柯立芝竞选州众议院议员。
柯立芝微弱地战胜了在职的民主党议。
1911年柯立芝被当选为州参议员,任期结束后被人建议提名为副州长的候选人。
之后他又以高票当选了州参议院主席,当麦考尔决定他不会再角逐第四个任期后,柯立芝宣布了他自己竞选州长的打算。
柯立芝最终以16773票击败对手理查德。
后来在民主党国会的时候,柯立芝被一位阅读了他的代表作的议员提议当选副总理,很快得到了很多人的响应。
虽然副总统并无太多公职可事,但哈定还是邀请他参加内阁会议,这使得柯立芝成为有史以来第一个进入内阁的副总统。
1923年8月2日,哈定在加州巡回演讲途中突然病逝。
柯立芝的父亲—时任州公证官—在家中的门厅里主持了他的宣誓就职仪式。
尽管后来有人对此有异议,但是最后还是被柯立芝给压了下来。
此后柯立芝在总统任职期间也做了许多事情,但是在密西西比河发洪水的时候遭到了民众的批评。
柯立芝决定不再争取提名参加1928年大选。
1933年1月5日中午12点45分,柯立芝因心脏病突发而病逝于北安普敦的家中。
柯立芝繁荣柯立芝在自己的总统任期内,不但一扫之前的哈定时期政治丑闻的阴霾,恢复了公众对白宫的信任,故历任时威望极高。
第一次世界大战以后,资本主义国家间的关系暂时缓和,1924年至1929年,资本主义处于一个相对稳定时期。
美国总统及名言
美国-至今对世界影响最大的国家,在数个领域都引领着世界的潮流。
我们今天能在草榴畅所欲言,也正是得益于美国的文化开放。
在这里跟各位CLer分享美国历数44任总统的形象及其名言正是在他们的带领下,成就了如今美国的世界霸主地位。
第1任总统:乔治.华盛顿(George Washington,1789-1797年任职)其名言:除了完成本职工作所获得的满足感和朋友们所给予的尊重以外,我从来没有想过因为自己的工作而得到任何奖赏。
让我感到不可思议的是:一个没有意识到民众的繁荣和幸福决定着他自己的荣耀与幸福的君主,却想着应该建立一个君主独裁的国家。
而对于一个最高统治者来说,不仅让自己的名字永垂不朽,而且还要获得万众的祝福,这是多么容易的事情啊。
第2任总统:约翰.亚当斯(John Adams,1797-1801年任职)其名言:有两种教育方式......一种应该教我们如何生存,另一种则应该教我们如何生活。
耶稣的神圣很容易被用来掩盖缪论。
我们在《福音书》中找不到信条、忏悔、誓言、教条,以及其他一些我们在基督教中发现的一满车一满车的愚蠢杂物。
第3任总统:托马斯.杰弗逊(Thomas Jefferson,1801-1809年任职)其名言:我们认为这些真理不言自明的:人人生来平等。
偶尔有不同的声音是一件好事,对政治来说它是必要的,正如自然界少不了风暴第4任总统:詹姆斯.麦迪逊(James Madison,1809-1817年任职)其名言:在构建由一部分人管理另一部分人的政府时,最大的困难是:首先你必须让政府有能力控制那些被管理的人,而后还要让政府能够控制政府自己本身。
一个受欢迎的政府如果没有受欢迎的信息或获取这种信息的方法,那么它就不过是一场闹剧或悲剧的序言----而且可能这两者都是。
第5任总统:詹姆斯.门罗(James Monroe,1817-1825年任职)其名言:地球被赐予给人类,是为了抚养最大数量的人,任何部落和种族都无权在维持他们自己的生计和舒适所必需的东西之外,剥夺其他人的必需品。
历届美国总统就职演讲大全
美国历届总统就职演讲(大全)内容简介美国总统的就职演讲是美国政治的一种形式,但它已经成为了美国的一种文化,美国总统的演讲辞更成为美国、乃至世界的文化遗产。
美国是实行总统制的典型国家。
美国总统身兼国家元首和行政首脑,在三权分立的政治结构中居重要地位。
美国实行总统内阁制,每四年选举一次总统,可连选连任一次。
每当新总统当选后,便要举行庄严而隆重的就职典礼。
这是美国政治生活中的一项重大的庆典。
总统就职典礼一般有4个程序:首先是就职宣誓;宣誓之后,总统发表就职演说;演说完毕,便开始盛大的庆祝游行;最后举行舞会。
美国总统借就职演说,表明自己政见和立场,起着鼓舞人民、教育人民的作用。
为了给人民留下良好的印象,总统对演说词斟酌推敲,以求打动人心。
好的演说词常常诞生在重大历史时刻,时势造英雄,这演说词也造就了传诵千古的名篇。
这里收集的《美国历届总统就职演讲(大全)》主要参考了李其荣《美国历届总统就职演讲辞》,另有一部分是从网络媒体下载的,并增加了最新的2013年奥巴马第二次就职演讲内容。
但第二十四届第二十一任切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟、第二十九届第二十六任西奥多•罗斯福、第三十四届第三十任卡尔文-柯立芝、第四十届第三十三任哈里·杜鲁门和第四十四届第三十六任林顿·约翰逊的就职演讲译文未找到。
截至目前,这个版本应该是收集的美国总统就职演讲大全了。
另附李其荣《美国历届总统就职演讲辞》“前言”。
目录第一届第一任乔治·华盛顿(1789~1793)首次就职演讲第二届第一任乔治·华盛顿(1793~1797)第二次就职演讲第三届第二任约翰·亚当斯(1797~1801)就职演讲第四届第三任托马斯·杰斐逊(1801~1805)首次就职演讲第五届第三任托马斯·杰斐逊(1805~1809)第二次就职演讲第六届第四任詹姆斯·麦迪逊(1809~1813)首次就职演讲第七届第四任詹姆斯·麦迪逊(1813-1817)第二次就职演讲第八届第五任詹姆斯·门罗(1817-1821)首次就职演讲第九届第五任詹姆斯·门罗(1821~1825)第二次就职演讲第十届第六任约翰·昆西·亚当斯(1825~1829)就职演讲第十一届第七任安德鲁·杰克逊(1829-1833)首次就职演讲第十二届第七任安德鲁·杰克逊(1833~1837)第二次就职演讲第十三届第八任马丁·范·布伦(1837~1841)就职演讲第十四届第九任威廉·亨利·哈里森(1841)就职演讲第十四届第十任约翰·泰勒(1841~1845)就职演讲第十五届第十一任詹姆斯·波尔克(1845~1849)就职演讲第十六届第十二任扎卡里·泰勒(1849~1850)就职演讲第十六届第十三任米勒德·菲尔莫尔(1850~1853)就职演讲第十七届第十四任富兰克林·皮尔斯(1853~1857)就职演讲第十八届第十五任詹姆斯·布坎南(1857~1861)就职演讲第十九届第十六任亚伯拉罕·林肯(1861~1865)首次就职演讲第二十届第十六任亚伯拉罕·林肯(1865)第二次就职演讲第二十届第十七任安德鲁·约翰逊(1865~1869)就职演讲第二十一届第十八任尤利西斯·格兰特(1869-1873)首次就职演讲第二十二届第十八任尤利西斯·格兰特(1873~1877)第二次就职演讲第二十三届第十九任拉瑟福德·海斯(1877~1881)就职演讲第二十四届第二十任詹姆斯·加菲尔德(1881)就职演讲第二十四届第二十一任切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟(1881~1885)就职演讲(暂无演讲词)第二十五届第二十二任格罗弗·克利夫兰(1885~1889)就职演讲第二十六届第二十三任本杰明·哈里森(1889-1893)就职演讲第二十七届第二十四任格罗弗·克利夫兰(1893~1897)就职演讲第二十八届第二十五任威廉·麦金莱(1897~1901)首次就职演讲第二十九届第二十五任威廉·麦金莱(1901)第二次就职演讲第二十九届第二十六任西奥多·罗斯福(1901~1905)首次就职演讲第三十届第二十六任西奥多·罗斯福(1905~1909)第二次就职演讲第三十一届第二十七任威廉·塔夫特(1909~1913)就职演讲第三十二届第二十八任伍德罗·威尔逊(1913-1917)首次就职演讲第三十三届第二十八任伍德罗·威尔逊(1917~1921)第二次就职演讲第三十四届第二十九任华伦·哈丁(1921~1923)就职演讲第三十四届第三十任卡尔文-柯立芝(1923~1925)就职演讲第三十五届第三十任卡尔文-柯立芝(1925-1929)就职演讲第三十六届第三十一任赫伯特·胡佛(1929~1933)就职演讲第三十七届第三十二任富兰克林·罗斯福(1933~1937)首次就职演讲第三十八届第三十二任富兰克林·罗斯福(1937~1941)第二次就职演讲第三十九届第三十二任富兰克林·罗斯福(1941~1945)第三次就职演讲第四十届第三十二任富兰克林·罗斯福(1945)第四次就职演讲第四十届第三十三任哈里·杜鲁门(1945~1949)首次就职演讲(暂无演讲词)第四十一届第三十三任哈里·杜鲁门(1949~1953)第二次就职演讲第四十二届第三十四任德怀特·艾森豪威尔威尔(1953-1957)首次就职演讲第四十三届第三十四任德怀特·艾森豪威尔威尔(1957~1961)第二次就职演讲第四十四届第三十五任约翰·肯尼迪(1961~1963)就职演讲第四十四届第三十六任林顿·约翰逊(1963~1965)首次就职演讲(无演讲词)第四十五届第三十六任林顿·约翰逊(1965~1969)第二次就职演讲第四十六届第三十七任理查德德·尼克松(1969~1973)首次就职演讲第四十七届第三十七任理查德德·尼克松(1973~1974)第二次就职演讲第四十七届第三十八任杰拉德·鲁道夫·福特(1974~1977)就职演讲第四十八届第三十九任杰米·卡特(1977~1981)就职演讲第四十九届第四十任罗纳德·里根(1981-1985)首次就职演讲第五十届第四十任罗纳德·里根(1985-1989)第二次就职演讲第五十一届第四十一任乔治·布什(1989~1993)就职演讲第五十二届第四十二任比尔·克林顿(1993~1997)首次就职演讲第五十三届第四十二任比尔·克林顿(1997-2001)第二次就职演讲第五十四届第四十三任乔治·沃克·布什(2001~2005)首次就职演讲第五十五届第四十三任乔治·沃克·布什(2005~2009)第二次就职演讲第五十六届第四十四任巴拉克·奥巴马(2008~2013)首次就职演讲第五十七届第四十四任巴拉克·奥巴马(2013~2017)第二次就职演讲(注:以下所谓届、任——届:根据美国宪法,总统选举每四年举行一次,总统任期四年,任满四年为一届。
[2013. 2.23] 美国第三十任总统柯立芝VS经济大萧条
[2013. 2.23] 美国第三十任总统柯立芝VS经济大萧条Calvin Coolidge and the Great Depression卡尔文•柯立芝和大萧条When less led to more政府干预减少经济效益增加America’s 30th president has been much misunderstood长期以来,人们严重误解美国第三十任总统柯立芝Feb 23rd 2013 |From the print editionCoolidge. By Amity Shlaes. Harper; 560 pages; $35. Buy from 书名:《柯立芝》作者:Amity Shlaes出版社:Harper出版社页数:560页价格:35美元 有售“WEANED on a pickle” was how the acid-tongued Alice Roosevelt Longworth describedCalvin Coolidge, America’s president from 1923 to 1929. Popular historians have been no kinder. Many blame his laissez-faire approach for prompting the Wall Street crash of 1929.说话刻薄的艾丽斯•罗斯福•朗沃思曾形容1923年至1929年间任美国总统的柯立芝“是用盐水断的奶(形容他性格内向、沉默寡言)”。
大众史学家对他的态度也没有好到哪去。
许多人责怪他的自由放任政策,称这种做法导致了1929年的华尔街股市大崩盘。
Implicit in this view is the presumption that only interventionist central government can help America recover from economic shock. Mr Coolidge’s hallmark was distrust of gove rnment. He saw it as an entity that uses “despotic exactions” (taxes) that sap individual initiative and prosperity across the board. American readers who believe intervention to be a good thing are likely to blanch at a controversial new biography of Coolidge by Amity Shlaes, an American columnist and historian of the Depression. However, if they are brave enough to read on they will also discover a presidency of remarkable achievement that has received too little attention. During Coolidge’s tenure Americ an debt fell by one-third, the tax rate by half and unemployment collapsed.该观点暗含着这样一种推论,即只有实行干涉主义的中央政府才能帮助美国从经济冲击中复苏。
(让学生受益一生的故事)教导青少年刻苦上进的勤学故事_不轻易说话
卡尔文·柯立芝是美国第30任总统。
他虽然政绩平平,却也极有特色。
1924年,柯立芝为自己竞选连任,以压倒优势击败民主党候选人。
共和党的竞选口号是:“保持冷静保持柯立芝。
”入主白宫以后,他常把摇椅放在前门廊里,晚上坐在那里抽雪茄。
比起其他任何一个总统来,他做的工作最少,做的决策也最少。
门肯说:“他在五年零七个月的总统生涯中,所做出的最大功绩就是比其他任何一个总统睡得都多——睡觉多,说话少。
他把自己裹在高尚神圣的沉默中,双脚搭在桌子上,打发走一天天懒惰的日子。
”人们给柯立芝起了一个“沉默的卡尔”的绰号,这不是没有道理的。
柯立芝真正能做到只说三言两语,甚或一言不发,如果他要这样做的话。
1924年大选时,心急的新闻记者找到柯立芝,问他:“关于这次竞选你有什么话要说吗?”“No(没有)。
”柯立芝回答说。
“你能就世界局势给我们谈点什么吗?”另一个记者问道。
“No(不能)。
”“能谈一下关于禁酒令的消息吗?”“No(不能)。
”当失望的记者们要离开时,柯立芝严肃地说:“记住,不要引用我的话。
”他在加利福尼亚州旅行结束就要返回华盛顿时,电台记者们采访了他,问他对美国人民有什么话要说,他愣了一会儿,说:“再见。
”柯立芝知道自己该怎样应付这种场面。
“如果你什么也不说,”他有一次这样解释道,“就不会有人要你去重复。
”据门肯回忆说:“柯立芝作为美国总统的有价值的记录几乎是个空白,没有什么人记得他做过什么事,或说过什么话。
”但门肯错了,柯立芝说过的很多话后来都成了名言警句。
1919年,他担任马萨诸塞州州长时,波士顿警察举行罢工,他对此评论道:“任何人,不论在任何地方、任何时候都没有权力举行罢工反对公共安全。
”这话使他在全美国出了名,对日后当选副总统颇有效力。
1789年4月30日
1789年4月30日,乔治·华盛顿总统:在室外露天举行总统就职宣誓;他的誓言之一“上帝,请神协助我”,后来成为历届总统宣誓就职的惯例;宣誓完毕后亲吻《圣经》,也为后来的总统开创了先例;因为公共事务繁忙,就职舞会推迟到5月7日举行,总统夫人玛撒没有前往纽约参加。
1793年3月4日,乔治·华盛顿总统:发表了最简短的总统就职演说(135个字)。
1797年3月4日,约翰·亚当斯总统:第一位由总检察长带领宣誓的美国总统(总检察长名叫奥尼佛·埃斯沃斯)。
1801年3月4日,托马斯·杰斐逊总统:开创了向国会写信接受就职典礼并对典礼时间作出安排的先例;第一位可能也是最后一位走着去参加就职典礼的总统;第一位在华盛顿国会大厦举行就职典礼的美国总统;总统就职演说第一次在报纸特刊上刊载。
1809年3月4日,詹姆士·麦迪逊总统:第一次在就职典礼当日举行庆祝舞会;创立了由美国海军军乐队为就职舞会奏乐的惯例。
1817年3月4日,詹姆士·门罗总统:第一位在华盛顿户外举行露天宣誓的美国总统。
1824年3月4日,约翰·昆西·亚当斯总统:是第二任总统约翰·亚当斯之子。
1829年3月4日,安德鲁·杰克逊总统:第一位在国会大厦东门廊举行就职宣誓的美国总统。
1837年3月4日,马丁·范布伦总统:离任及接任总统(杰克逊与范布伦)第一次乘同一辆马车前往国会大厦参加就职庆典;庆典游行上第一次出现花车;第一次举行两场庆祝舞会。
1841年3月4日,威廉·亨利·哈里森总统:发表了美国历史上最长的就职演说(10000字);打破了美国的惯例,哈里森先发表就职演说,然后宣誓,然后又接着发表就职演说;第一次由官方规划在国会大厦举行庆典游行,游行及就职庆典规划委员会由获胜政党在当地的政治组织组成。
1841年4月6日,约翰·泰勒总统:第一位因现任总统死亡而入主白宫的美国总统。
柯立芝——美国第30任总统
柯立芝——美国第30任总统
小约翰·卡尔文·柯立芝介绍
中文名:约翰·卡尔文·柯立芝
外文名:John Calvin Coolidge
国籍:美国
出生地:佛蒙特州普利茅斯
出生日期:1872年7月4日
逝世日期:1933年1月5日
信仰:公理会
职业:政治家
政党:共和党
职位:美国第30任总统
小约翰·卡尔文·柯立芝(John Calvin Coolidge,Jr.,1872年7月4日-1933年1月5日)。
柯立芝毕业于美国雪城大学,美国第30任总统,共和党籍。
佛蒙特州律师出身,在马萨诸塞州政界奋斗多年后成为州长。
1920年大选时作为沃伦·哈定的竞选伙伴成功当选第29任美国副总统。
1923年,哈定在任内病逝,柯立芝随即递补为总统。
1924年大选连任成功。
政治上主张小政府,以古典自由派保守主义闻名。
柯立芝执政时,共和党四分五裂,国家呈现无政府状态,联邦政府信誉扫地。
柯立芝抓住国人渴求安定的心理特点,稳扎稳打,改变上述状态,取得一定成效,从而赢得了1924年的大选,获得连任。
此后,在国内,对经济活动采取不干涉的方针,而用减轻税赋、保卫关税的政策间接管理经济,使国家呈现出没有危机、繁荣发展的象。
对外,则回到了孤立主义。
第二任届满后,柯立芝拒绝再次提名总统候选人,退休后著书立说,偶尔也参加一些政治活动。
60岁时,因心脏病在北安普顿去世。
柯立芝格言集
柯立芝格言集按:柯立芝(John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.,1872-1933),美国第30任总统,共和党政治家。
政治上主张小政府,以“无为而治”而闻名。
………………1. “毕竟,美国人民的主要事务就是商业。
他们很关心世界上的生产、购买、销售、投资和繁荣。
”2. “超出必要开支的任何课税,都是合法的抢劫。
”3. “不要指望通过打倒强者来扶助弱者。
”4. “企图通过向成功者课以重税来实现繁荣,是行不通的。
”5. “归根到底,财产权和人的权利是一回事。
”6. “任何激进的变革,总是弊多利少。
”7. “我支持节约的政策,不是因为我想省钱,而是因为我想救人。
政府的开支是由这个国家辛勤工作的男男女女承担的。
我们每挥霍一美元,便意味着他们的生活会更加贫乏。
我们每审慎地省下一美元,便意味着他们的生活会更为宽裕。
节约是最实用的理想主义。
”8. “没有什么比挥霍公款更容易了。
它似乎不属于任何人。
把它赠予给别人的诱惑实在太大了。
”9. “总有一些人愿意放弃地方自治,将他们的事务移交给国家当局,以换取联邦财政的拨款。
每当发现邻居的滥权行径需要纠正时,他们不打算自己采取补救措施,而是试图让华盛顿派来的法庭替自己做主,即便接受这样的监督意味着上交自己的自由。
”10. “我们太热衷于政府干预。
这种理论认为:首先,人民自身是无助的,其次,政府的行动能力更强。
通常而言,这两个结论都是错的。
”11. “扼杀糟糕的法案,比通过好的法案更重要。
”12. “我们要求完全的行动自由,却又指望政府用神奇的方式把我们从我们自己行动的后果中解救出来。
……自治意味着自立。
”13. “或许本届政府最大的成就,就是管好自己的事情(不越俎代庖)。
”14. “如果美国民主仍然想成为人类最伟大的希望,那么,它必须继续恪守圣经的信仰。
”15. “脱离地方自治也能保留自由的方法,迄今尚未发明出来。
任何中央集权的计划,无不导致官僚主义、暴政、僵化、反动和衰落。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
就职演说1925年3月4日同胞们:在考察当前形势时,任何人都不难看到,令人满意的东西实在很多,而鼓舞人心之处则更是不可胜记。
我国正在全世界率先进行那场巨大冲突①之后的全面重建工作。
今后数年内,我们将背负许多重担,同时也必须准备在某些时候承受那些次要而间接的后果。
但目前我们正开始更确切地考虑,我们应当遵循何种方针,应当运用何种补救措施,应当采取什么行动以解决自己的问题;而且我们正清楚地表明我们意志坚定,决心忠实而自觉地实施这些扶危济困的措施。
由于我们在内政方面已进行了充分调整,②因而信心得到恢复,商业得以复兴,全国各地正在逐步进入一个繁荣的时期。
同时我们也意识到,我们不能孤立地生存下去,因而我们提供了财力和建议,以帮助欧洲各国解除困苦和平息争端。
①因为美国过去所取得的成就和目前的现状,全人类便具有了更为坚定的勇气和更为崇高的愿望,不觉精神为之一振。
①指第一次世界大战(1914—1918)。
②第一次世界大战结束后,共和党政府即着手结束战时政策,解除对企业的过分干涉,任其自由发展,同时采取措施刺激农业生产,国内经济开始走向策荣。
①1924年4月美国国会通过关于德国赔款同题的“道斯计划”,规定向德国贷款两亿美元以刺激其经济复兴,提高其赔款能力,从而有助于缓和法国、比利时等国因德国不能按时赔款而占领德国鲁尔地区所引起的紧张局势。
这些成果并不纯粹是机遇的产物。
它们的取得,乃是许多人不断努力、开动脑筋和付出重大牺牲的结果。
我们必须继续向过去学习,否则在将来就不能保持这些辉煌的成就。
我们若要讲求治国之道,就必须坚持不懈地运用我国以往处理内政外交的经验。
我们如想建立新的大厦,就必须透彻了解原有的基础。
我们应当认识到,人类的本性大体上乃是宇宙中最为恒久的事物,人类关系的本.质也不会发生变化。
我们想保持正确方向,就必须时常根据政治天空中这些固定的星座来确定自己的方位。
我们如能仔细审视已做的工作,就可以精确地决定今后能做些什么。
我们的国家意识通过争取独立的军事行动得以首次明确无误地显示出来,迄今已有一百五十年了,②我们现在正处于这第一百五十个年头的开端。
过去那种分裂和从属的殖民地情感业已消失,代之而起的是一种团结而独立的国家情感。
人们开始摒弃地方宪章的狭隘限制,转而寻求全国性宪法所提供的广阔机会。
③在自由精神的不断激励之下,我们成为一个独立的国家。
将近五十年之后,我们向全世界重申了自己的这种自由和独立,并通过门罗主义而加以捍卫、支持和提供保障。
①美国的国土一度不过是大西洋海岸地区的狭长地带,但后来其边疆不断推移,越过横隔大陆的山脉和平原,一直延伸到太平洋那黄金般的海岸。
②我们使自由成为一种与生俱来的权利。
我们为保障自己的利益,将领土扩展到遥远的岛屿,③并且承担随之而来的责任,赋予那里的不幸人民以正义和自由。
为了捍卫我们自己的理想,同时也为了自由这一具有普遍意义的事业,我们参加了世界大战。
④待到赢得全面胜利,我们便将军队撤回本土,除了因为已尽义务而心安理得之外,并未索取任何补偿。
②1775年北美殖民地开始反抗英国统治的独立战争,至1925年已有一百五十周年了。
③1776年相继宣布独立的各州均制定了各自的宪法,各州自行其是,相互联系松散,而邦联政府也软弱无力。
1787年制定联邦宪法,组成一个较强大的全国政府,使美国获得了更好的发展条件。
参见本书第4页注释②和第11页注释②。
①1823年12月第五任总统詹姆斯·门罗提出“门罗主义”,反对欧洲把美洲当做殖民的对象,此时美国宣布独立已有四十七年。
参见本书第54页注释③。
②美国刚建国时领上只限于大西洋沿岸的狭长地带,仅有十三个州(详见本书第138页注释④);迄于1925年,已发展为匹十八个州,其中在1890—1925年间加入联邦的帅为爱达荷(1890)、怀俄明(1890)、犹他(1896)、俄克拉何马(1907)、亚利桑那(1912)和新墨西哥(1912);参见本书第209页注释③和第240页注释②。
③内战以后美国继续扩张领土。
1867年占领太平洋上的中途岛;1893年策动夏威夷居民推翻当地政府,取得对夏威夷诸岛的控制权;1898年又从西班牙手中取得波多黎各、关岛和菲律宾。
④1917年4月美国参加第一次世界大战,与英、法等国一起对德国作战。
1918年11月战争结束,次年参战美军陆续撤回本土。
通过所有这些活动,我们扩大了自由,加强了独立。
我们日益具备美国特色,而且打算继续弘扬这种美国特色。
我们相信,只要继续公开而真诚、热诚而认真地坚持美国特色,我们就能最好地为自己的国家效力,最成功地履行我们对全人类的义务。
如果说我们有什么遗产,那就在于这一点;如果说我们有什么命运,那我们沿着这个方向即已找到了这种命运。
然而,我们如果想要继续保持鲜明的美国特色,就必须不断使这个名词的含义趋于全面,从而足以容纳一个文明与进步的民族所拥有的各种合理愿望——这个民族决心在一切交往中追求一种真诚而有信仰的生活。
我们不能使自身受到口号的限制和词藻的阻碍。
真正重要的不是修饰性的词汇,而是实质性的事物。
我们最为关切的并不是行动的名称,而是行动的结果。
我们究竟应当奉行孤立主义①还是与那些和平主义者和军国主义者纠缠不清,这种考虑实在不必使我们受到过多的困扰。
地球的自然构造使我们同整个旧世界②分隔开来,但共同的兄弟情谊这一人类最高法则,却用不可分割的纽带将我们与全人类联结在一起。
我们的国家所表示的意图,不过是与世界各国和平相处,但我国不得不维持这样一支军事力量③,只是为了适合我们这一伟大民族的尊严和安全的需要。
这种军事力量应当得到平衡的发展,并且实现高度的现代化,使之无论在海上和陆地,还是在水下和空中,都能完成保卫国家的任务。
不过,我们应该通过我们的行动使全世界看到,这种军事力量并非一种威胁,而是保障安全与和平的工具。
①美国独立后至十九世纪末所奉行的外交政策原则,其要点是:美国的最大利益在美洲,美国与美洲以外的国家除进行商业往来外,决不卷入它们之间的政治纠纷,也不与任何一国结盟(参见本书第225页注释③)。
从二十世纪初开始,美国日益介入世界事务,背离了这一原则。
第一次世界大战后孤立主义情绪回升,主张美国从纷繁的国际事务中抽身。
②指欧洲。
③第一次世界大战后美国海军迅速扩大,接近英国的水平,陆军则保持在十余万人的规模。
我国完全信奉一种光荣的和平,在这种和平之下,我国公民无论身在何处,其权利都应得到保护。
单凭一支威慑性的庞大武装力量就能保障人民享有这种和平,这实在无异于天方夜谈。
美国目前”同其他国家一样,正以前所未有的决心,通过友谊和善意以及相互理解和容忍来促进和平。
我们从未执行军备竞赛的政策。
最近我们与其他几个大国签订了限制海上实力的条约,④由此产生的一个结果是,我们的海军比以往任何时候都要强大。
①消除因尖锐对峙而必然增加的开支负担和相互猜疑,对于抑制那种最能煽起战争之火的无理性的歇斯底里与误解,乃是一种最有效的办法。
这种策略在全世界上代表着一个新的起点。
这是一种业已引向全新行动路线的思潮和理想,然而,要坚持这种政策决非易事。
有些国家从未改变其原有立场,有些国家则时常滑回到过去的思想方式,重新走上大动干戈和依赖武力的老路。
美国既已率先朝着这个新方向前进,就必须坚持这种带头作用。
我们倘若期望别的国家对我们的公平和正义保持信赖,就必须表明我们是信赖他们的公平和正义的。
④指1922年2月在华盛顿会议上美、英、日、法、意等国签署的《五国海军协定》。
①根据《五国海军协定》,美国可以和世界头号海军大国英国建造同等吨位数的主力舰,从而使美国海军跃居与英国平等的水平。
我们如果根据以往的经验做出判断,便可从频繁举行的会议和协商中看出,国际关系的改善大有希望。
我们面前已有了华盛顿会议②的有益成果,也有最近就欧洲问题而举行的各种磋商,有些磋商乃是响应我们的建议而举行的,有些则由我们所积极参与。
磋商即使遭到失败也只能视为有益的事情,因为较之战争的威胁或真正的战争,这已是一个无可估量的进步。
我坚决赞成继续坚持这种做法,因为无论何时,只要在这种情形下,即使只存在一项诺言,也有可能获得实际而有利的结果。
②1921年11月至1922年2月美、英、法、日、意、中、荷、葡等国在华盛顿举行的一次有关远东事务和限制军备的国际会议。
会议期间各国签署了《五国海军协定》、《四强公约》、《九国公约》等国际条约。
在国际交往中,起决定作用的因素应当是显示理智,而不是挟以武力。
我们遵循这一原则,长期以来一直倡导采用仲裁办法和平地解决争端,并议定了多项条约以达到这一目标。
出于同样的考虑,我们应该拥护国际正义永久法庭①。
在涉及重大原则的地方,在有希望给人类带来幸福的伟大运动②正在展开的地方,鉴于其他许多国家都已给这些运动以实际的支持,我们也决不能因为任何无关宏旨的细小分歧而拒绝认可,而只能根据至为重要而无法摆脱的根本理由行事。
我们决不能贪图小利而出卖自己的独立和主权,然而,我们不应该玩弄精巧的逻辑和进行诡辨,借助托词来推卸无疑属于我国的责任,因为我国人口众多,资财雄厚,并在世界上居于领导地位,理应主动表明我们赞同建立一个旨在国与国之间维持公平正义的法庭,并且全面承担我们应尽的全部责任。
为此作出真诚而无私的努力。
我们应当运用自己巨大影响的分量,来支持依照法律、理性以及裁判的方式决定大局,反对动用武力和通过战争以解决问题的做法。
①指海牙国际法庭。
②指二十世纪二十年代初兴起的一场世界性的和平与裁军运动。
我们向来无意于干预其他任何国家的政局,我们尤其下定决心不卷入旧世界的政治纠纷。
我们踌躇再三才答应西半球一些小国的要求,帮助它们维持秩序,保护生命及财产,并建立起负责的政府。
③我国一些公民以私人的名义投入巨额款项支援旧世界,使之获得必需的资金和救济。
④无论什么时候,只要有必要去减轻人类痛苦和帮助遭受不幸的国家进行重建工作,我们向来都是有求必应,今后也决不会置之不理。
由于我们拥有巨大实力,在世界上又占有重要地位,所以这些同样也是必须完成的工作。
③美国以美洲领袖自居,打着“门罗主义”的旗号,控制了拉美许多弱小国家,在古巴、尼加拉瓜、多米尼加、海地等国驻扎军队。
美国的这种做法引起拉美各国的不满,1928年参加泛美会议的各国代表对美国的拉美政策提出了批评。
④第一次世界大战期间,欧洲各国蒙受重大创伤,美国人纷纷投资于欧洲,其中接受美国投资最多的是德国。
长期以来,人类一直在开动脑筋竭力寻求永久和平的方案。
阐明国际法的一些原则无疑是有益的,对于学者们为使各国能接受这些原则而做的准备工作,我们应当给予同情和支持。
那些主张将侵略战争宣布为非法的人们所进行的认真研究,有可能产生许多积极的成果。
然而,所有这些计划和准备工作,所有这些条约和盟约本身并不能完全解决问题。