2017年上海市春季高考试卷
2017年上海春季高考数学试卷(附简析)
;
x
10.
设椭圆
x2 2
y2
1的左、右焦点分别为 F1 、 F2 ,点 P 在该椭圆上,则使得△ F1F2P 是
等腰三角形的点 P 的个数是
;
11. 设 a1 、 a2 、…、 a6 为 1、2、3、4、5、6 的一个排列,则满足 | a1 a2 | | a3 a4 |
| a5 a6 | 3 的不同排列的个数为
17. 如图,长方体 ABCD A1B1C1D1 中, AB BC 2 , AA1 3 ; (1)求四棱锥 A1 ABCD 的体积; (2)求异面直线 A1C 与 DD1 所成角的大小;18.设 a 来自R ,函数f (x)
2x a 2x 1
;
(1)求 a 的值,使得 f (x) 为奇函数; (2)若 f (x) a 2 对任意 x R 成立,求 a 的取值范围;
16. 如图所示,正八边形 A1A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 的边长为 2,若 P 为该正八边形边上的动点,
则 A1A3 A1P 的取值范围为( )
A. [0,8 6 2]
B. [2 2,8 6 2]
C. [8 6 2, 2 2]
D. [8 6 2,8 6 2]
三. 解答题(本大题共 5 题,共 14+14+14+16+18=76 分)
C. (, 0]
D. (,1]
14. 设 a R ,“ a 0 ”是“ 1 0 ”的( a
A. 充分非必要
B. 必要非充分
)条件 C. 充要
D. 既非充分也非必要
15. 过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是( )
A. 三角形
B. 长方形
2017上海高考春考卷(精确回忆版)
2017上海高考春考卷(精确回忆版)一、语文(共150分)I. 阅读理解(共70分)(一)现代文阅读(共40分)1. 阅读下面的文章,完成16小题。
(每小题5分)文章略。
(1)下列对文章有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是()A.",__ B.",__ C.",__ D. "__(2)下列对文章论证方法的分析,不正确的一项是()A.",__ B.",__ C.",__ D. "__(3)根据原文内容,下列说法不正确的一项是()A.",__B.",__C.ControlEventsD. "__(4)下列对文章结构分析正确的一项是()A.ControlEventsB. "__C. "__D. "__A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"(6)结合文章内容,谈谈你对“某观点”的看法。
2. 阅读下面的诗歌,完成710小题。
(每小题5分)诗歌略。
(7)下列对这首诗的理解和分析,不正确的一项是()A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"(10)结合全诗,谈谈你对诗人所表达主题的理解。
(二)古代诗文阅读(共30分)1. 阅读下面的文言文,完成1115小题。
(每小题5分)文言文略。
(11)下列对文中词语的解释,不正确的一项是()A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"(12)下列对文中句子的翻译,不正确的一项是()A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"(13)下列对文中内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是()A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"A. "__"B. "__"C. "__"D. "__"(15)请简要阐述文章的主旨。
2017-2023年上海市高考语文春秋考真题古诗鉴赏汇编
2017-2023年上海市高考语文春秋考真题古诗鉴赏汇编2017年上海市春季高考语文试卷(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第13—15题。
(8分)杂诗(明)丰坊孤松挺穹壁①,下临万里波。
激湍啮其根,惊飚撼其柯。
纷纷穴赤蚁,袅袅缠青萝。
群攻未云已,生意当如何?严霜一夕坠,高标复嵯峨②。
君子固穷节,感慨成悲歌。
〔注〕①穹壁:高高的崖壁。
②嵯峨:高耸的样子。
13.从题材上看,本诗属于()。
(1分)A.写景诗 B.咏物诗C.哲理诗D.闲适诗14.对本诗赏析不正确的一项是()。
(3分)A.“孤松”二句使用起兴的手法,巧妙引出描写对象。
B.“激湍”二句中“啮”“撼”动词使用精确,有表现力。
C.“纷纷”二句运用叠词,描摹事物的形态,鲜明生动。
D.“群攻”二句巧用问句,语意形成转折,承转自然。
15.这首诗表达了作者怎样的思想感情?(4分)13. B(1分)14. A(3分)15.(4分)示例一:本诗托物言志,表达了对君子身处困厄仍然坚守气节、孤高傲世的赞美,以及对奸佞小人的愤慨和蔑视。
示例二:作者以孤松自比,表达了对奸佞小人的蔑视和对遭受打击的愤慨,表现了自己孤高傲世的精神和坚守节操的意志。
2017 年上海秋季高考语文试卷(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12-14 题。
(8 分)广陵赠别(唐)李白玉瓶沽美酒,数里送君还。
系马垂杨下,衔杯大道间。
天边看渌水,海上见青山。
兴罢各分袂,何须醉别颜。
12.这首诗共有几个字押韵?正确的一项是()。
(1分)A.两个B.三个C.四个D.五个【考点】理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法【解析】偶数句必须押韵,首句可押可不押。
【答案】C13.以下评价适合用于本诗的一项是()。
(2分)A.含蓄委婉B.雄起瑰丽C.高亢豪放D.明快俊逸【考点】诗歌语言风格【解析】李白这首诗一改赠别诗伤感忧郁的常见基调,惜别而不伤别,语言平易自然,意象开阔疏朗,情调昂扬乐观,显示出作者豪放洒脱、风调俊爽的豁达性格。
【答案】D【评分说明】选D给2分,选C给1分。
2017上海高考春考卷(精确回忆版)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷(2017年1月)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Pie B. Ice cream. C. Chocolate cake. D. Cheese cake.2. A. The museum opens at 8 every day. B. She can’t see the sign clearly.C. The glass museum closes too early.D. She can’t understand the sign.3. A. Delighted. B. Doubtful. C. Relieved. D. Respectful.4. A. She works as a librarian.B. She does a lot of reading at home.C. She spends much time reading in the library.D. She wants to borrow some books from the library.5. A. He isn’t sure if the weather will be good. B. He probably won’t go skiing.C. The weather won’t be as bad as forecastD. The weather forecast isn’t reliable.6. A. His brother ate up the food. B. His brother helped him clean the fridge.C. His brother lost his appetite.D. His brother went out to dine with him.7. A. Keep some small change. B. Buy another T-shirt.C. Invite someone else to the concert.D. Dress himself properly.8. A. See a doctor. B. Repair his car.C. Go to school.D. Give the woman a ride.9. A. She has no interest in the man’s words. B. She doesn’t understand the man.C. She doesn’t want to follow the man.D. She hates to study pictures by kids.10. A. She missed the beginning of the program. B. She was awakened during the quiz.C. She fell asleep before the program ended.D. She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passengers and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following announcement.11. A. dangerous room. B. An explosive device.C. A suspect handbag.D. A fire extinguisher.12. A. Hand in valuable items to the police.B. Help elderly and disabled people.C. Let children and women go first.D. Leave by the nearest exit.13. A. At a theatre. B. At a police station.C. At an airport.D. At a department store.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.14. A. An ad-blocking device. B. A parented screen.C. A telephone answering machine.D. A sound controller.15. A. She spent twenty years on the new invention.B. She designed the new invention for the deaf.C. She invested four thousand pounds in the new invention.D. She worked with her husband on the new invention.16. A. It is similar to her previous invention.B. It can be used just to control the TV set.C. It must be kept at a particular angle.D. It is too big to hold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. How to organize thoughts for a speech. B. How to get an expected grade.C. How to give a speaking assignment.D. How to prepare a speech.18. A. Bearing listeners in mind. B. Developing ideas soundly.C. Adding a sense of humour.D. Being informative.19. A. The purpose of the speech. B. The speaker’s influence.C. The instructor’s advice.D. The structure of the speech.20. A. List interesting examples. B. Read a model speech.C. Put down all the related ideas.D. Start to write the whole speech.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend, the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia,” broke records. The movie had the la rgest opening weekend for a Disney animation(动画片). People across the United States bought more then $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal(21) team up to find a missing otter(水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia” (22) (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations (23) two kinds of animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia.” They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie (24) (set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story (25) they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to (26) something like this. “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” And then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only(27) the writers speak with people who study couture and group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy (28) (produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods (29) (represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says “Zootopia” is its (30) (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Why your Password May Not Be As Safe As It SeemsDoes “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet, they appeared to 32 that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33 . The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more 34 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”But 35 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this---and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use passwords texted to it each time they want to 36 on.Although the services is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to 37 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 38 that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or, tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably 39 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 40 , and so do password crackers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit(招募)4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images tha t are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually 51 ? Radin says it does. “the future of our civilisation depends on 52 that are being made now, whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will 53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the 54 ,” he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuin ely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then 55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.41. A. unfamiliar B. tough C. harmless D. ridiculous42. A. coincidence B. resistance C. innovation D. distraction43. A. mystery B. evidence C. falsehood D. innocence44. A. alter B. define C. find D. use45. A. historical B. strange C. mistaken D. true46. A. extraordinary B. inevitable C. alarming D. disappointing47. A. ask B. guess C. recall D. learn48. A. figures B. methods C. scores D. chance49. A. However B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Consequently50. A. active B. calm C. silent D. alert51. A. serve any purpose B. take any advantageC. make any progressD. win any support52. A. inquiries B. decisions C. donations D. comparisons53. A. ruin B. improve C. affect D. wait54. A. expense B. risk C. effort D. wait55. A. proving B. challenging C. limiting D. understandingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and d. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What happens in a particular class on a particular day depends on the interactions that occur between the teacher, the students,, and the material being studied. The classroom context, generally speaking, includes all those factors that influence what happens during teaching and learning. These factors operate on different levels.The physical context,for example, influences what happens in the classroom. Space may restrict participation, depending on how a teacher interprets the situation. Some teachers use their surroundings to promote learning. Notice boards reflect themes or topics being studied; a display area presents students’ written work for others to read. Of course, some teachers remain unaware of the physical environment that they and their students inhabit together. A room, after all, is just a room. Yet the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that will occur. Straight rows of tables, for example, are favourable to classroom lectures and turn-taking routines in which students one by one, recite answers to a teacher’s questions.A room isn’t just a room for teachers who seek to make the physical environment suitable for interactive learning. Interactive learning invites thinking, reading, writing, speaking, listening, and sharing. Such classrooms are arranged for individuals rather than for the “class” as a whole; they welcome students as active participants. Various physical arrangements encourage interactive learning, but they depend on the size of the room and the furniture that is available.A class can be organized for individual, group, or whole-class activities. Students are initially assigned seats at a combination of small and large tables. However, when the students work individually or in groups, they are free to abandon the assigned seating. The chalkboard occupies a central position in the room to accommodate whole-class study.56. According to the passage, “the physical context” (paragraph 2) may include .A. teachers’ rolesB. themes being studiedC. a display areaD. students’ participation57. Which of the following is the most suitable for a classroom lecture?58. From the last paragraph, we can learn that .A. classrooms should be arranged for the class as a wholeB. the chalkboard should be abandoned during group workC. seating can be changed for different classroom activitiesD. interaction can be encouraged by combining small and large tables59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The physical classroom environment varies with different types of interaction.B. The physical environment is a deciding factor for a successful lesson.C. Interactive learning depends on individuals’ active involvement.D. Group work has become a trend in classroom teaching.(B)Christmas Shipping Deadlines•Domestic orders placed by December 20 will arrive for Christmas.•Overseas orders placed by December 9 will arrive for Christmas.•Overnight orders placed by December 22 will arrive for Christmas for an additional fee.Framed orders (domestic or overseas) require additional time for delivery.About Our PaperWe use high-quality, acid-free papers or heavyweight Exhibition Gallery Canvas.Paper SizesPaper sizes are in inches. If an image’s dimensions(尺寸)don’t exactly match the paper’s dimensions there will be a wider margin on the narrowest side. The long edge on prints 34x47 and larger will vary depending on the dimensions of the photo and may be longer than the size listed.Custom(定制的)FramesWe’ve partnered with Simply Framed to offer high-quality custom frames made in the USA Please allow an additional 3 weeks for delivery. Frames come in black or brown wooden finish and include protective paperback finish, wall bumpers, hanging hardware + nails, hanging and care instructions. Frames arrive gift-wrapped in brown paper.Framed sales are final.60. If you want to order a 17x22 print on canvas with a black frame, how much are you expected to pay?A. $45.00USD.B. $70.00USD.C. $215.00USD. D. $225.00SD.61. If you hope your framed order will reach your friend in Germany for Christmas, you’d better place your order by .A. December 20B. December 9C. November 30D. November 1962. The above advertisement is mainly intended to promote .A. a painting exhibitionB. superior printsC. Germany as a romantic destinationD. high-quality custom frames(C)We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too involved i n a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories—the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” —is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.“Yes, parents can be intruders,” says Marjo rie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.” At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about men tal-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristie, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in.”That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices, which serve as one-stop shops for moms and dads looking to make complaints, report problem and generally stay in touch.Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often through email and other social media. Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey.” That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.63. In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to .A. show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparentingB. provide educators with a new understanding of overparentingC. give a further example of supportive overparentingD. place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting64. The phrase “hopping in the chopper” in the last paragraph refers to .A. having trust in kidsB. steppi ng in to solve kids’ problemsC .joining a family-outreach program D. turning to social media for help65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parents.B. How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education.C. Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.D. There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Why Colleges Need Helicopter ParentsB. How to Improve Parent-school RelationsC. Why Overparenting Is in QuestionD. How to Communicate More as ParentsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Japanese and American Comic Book HeroesTo some people, the idea of reading comic books seems childish. 67 Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite the fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways.68 American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive.” This is in sharp contrast to manga(日本漫画)creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop,so does the hero.Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. 69 Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese, and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with popular titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. 70 There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as $7 billion each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are nolonger necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你不必在乎他人对你的评论。
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷(解析版)
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷一.填空题(本大题共12题,满分48分,第1〜6题每题4分,第7〜12题每题5分)I •设集合A={1, 2, 3},集合B={3, 4},则A U B= .2•不等式|x- 1| V 3的解集为______ .3. 若复数z满足2 --仁3+6i (i是虚数单位),则z= _____ .4. 若cos ____________ ,则或口(収一^)= .5. 若关于x、y的方程组无解,则实数a=—.6. __________________________________________ 若等差数列{an}的前5项的和为25,则a计a5= _____________________________________ .7 .若P、Q是圆x2+y2- 2x+4y+4=0上的动点,则| PQ的最大值为_____ .8 .已知数列{an}的通项公式为,贝U9.若•的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729,则该展开式中常数项的值为 _ .2 G10 .设椭圆乡+脊二1的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,点P在该椭圆上,则使得厶F1F2P是等腰三角形的点P的个数是_______ .II .设a1、a2、…、a s为1、2、3、4、5、6 的一个排列,则满足| a1 - a z|+| a3 - a4|+| a5- a6| =3的不同排列的个数为____ .12 .设a、b € R,若函数fG'p+g+b在区间(1, 2)上有两个不同的零点,贝U f (1)的取值范围为 .二•选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13 .函数f (x)= (x- 1)2的单调递增区间是()A . [0, +x)B . [ 1, +x)C. (-X, 0] D . (-X, 1]14 .设a€ R, “A0”是的()条件.A.充分非必要B .必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要15 .过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是(A.三角形B.长方形C.对角线不相等的菱形 D .六边形16•如图所示,正八边形 A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 5A 7A 8的边长为2,若P 为该正八边形边上的动点,则三•解答题(本大题共 5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. ( 12 分)如图,长方体 ABCD- A 1B 1C 1D 1 中,AB=BC=2 AA 1=3; (1 )求四棱锥A 1 - ABCD 的体积; (2)求异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角的大小.18. ( 12 分)设 a € R,函数 f ^ = 2s fl ; (1 )求a 的值,使得f (x )为奇函数;(2)若卫罚对任意x € R 成立,求a 的取值范围.19. ( 12分)某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道 M 1、M 2 (宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知 AB 丄AC, AB=AC=AD=60(单位:米),要求圆 M 1与AB 、AD 分别相切于点 B 、D ,圆M 2与 AC AD 分别相切于点C 、D ;(1) 若/ BAD=60,求圆M 1、M 2的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2) 若观景步道M 1与M 2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆M 1、M 2 的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)A . 仁B . 一[ 「1. CD [■卜6近,2+6血]20. r 2 y i(12分)已知双曲线:工辛 (b >0),直线 I : y=kx+m (km 工0), l 与 r 交于 P 、Q 两点,P 为P 关于y 轴的对称点,直线 P'Q 与y 轴交于点N (0,n ); (1) 若点(2, 0)是『的一个焦点,求 『的渐近线方程; (2) 若b=1,点P 的坐标为(-1, 0),且尸 二亠匚\求k 的值; (3) 21. 若m=2,求n 关于b 的表达式. (12分)已知函数f (x ) (1) 解方程 f (x ) =1; (2) 设 x € (- 1,1),a €1=-f (D ;(3) 设数列{X n }中,X 1 € (- (1,+x ),证明: € (- 1, 1),且 f ( ax-1 -f (x ) % 71, 1), X n +1= (- 1) n +1■:. , n € N *,求为的取值范围,使得x 3> x n 对任意n € N *成立.2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题(本大题共12题,满分48分,第1〜6题每题4分,第7〜12题每题5 分)1. 设集合A={1, 2, 3},集合B={3, 4},则A U B= {1, 2, 3, 4}.【考点】并集及其运算.【分析】根据集合的并集的定义求出A、B的并集即可.【解答】解:集合A={1, 2, 3},集合B={3, 4},则A U B={1, 2, 3, 4},故答案为:{1 , 2, 3, 4}.【点评】本题考查了集合的并集的定义以及运算,是一道基础题.2. 不等式|x- 1| V 3的解集为(-2, 4).【考点】绝对值不等式的解法.【分析】根据绝对值的性质去掉绝对值,求出不等式的解集即可.【解答】解:I |x- 1| V3,3 V x - 1 V 3,•••- 2 V x v 4,故不等式的解集是(-2, 4),故答案为:(-2, 4).【点评】本题考查了解绝对值不等式问题,是一道基础题.3. 若复数z满足2之-仁3+6i (i是虚数单位),则z= 2 - 3i .【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算.【分析】直接利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简得答案.【解答】解::2 -仁3+6i,•[二]贝则血一詔:打• z=2 - 3i.故答案为:2 - 3i.【点评】本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算,考查复数的基本概念,是基础题.1 z K v 14. 若cos =—,则盟口(口一^)=_一_.【考点】运用诱导公式化简求值.【分析】由已知利用诱导公式即可化简求值.【解答】解:T ss口#,. H . 1轧口工一)=—cOS a=匚.故答案为:-£【点评】本题主要考查了诱导公式在三角函数化简求值中的应用,属于基础题.f x+2y=45 .若关于x、y的方程组_「无解,贝U实数a=6 .【考点】根的存在性及根的个数判断.f z+2y=4【分析】把方程组”「一工无解转化为两条直线无交点,然后结合两直线平行与系数的关系列式求得a值.f s+2y=4【解答】解:若关于x、y的方程组I計穷丸无解,说明两直线x+2y - 4=0与3x+ay - 6=0无交点.乂已一3X2=0叫M〔-6〕-3X (T)/,解得:a=6故答案为:6.【点评】本题考查根的存在性与根的个数判断,考查数学转化思想方法,是中档题.6.若等差数列{&}的前5项的和为25,则a什a5= 10 .【考点】等差数列的前n项和.5【分析】由等差数列前n项和公式得比已小=25,由此能求出a i+a5.【解答】解:•••等差数列{a n}的前5项的和为25,5九=25,2_--a什a5=25x - =10.故答案为:10.【点评】本题考查等差数列中两项和的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意等差数列 的性质的合理运用.7 •若P 、Q 是圆x 2+y 2- 2x+4y+4=0上的动点,则| PQ 的最大值为 2 .【考点】直线与圆的位置关系.【分析】圆x 2+y 2-2x+4y+4=0,可化为(x- 1) 2+ (y+2) 2=1,|PQ|的最大值为直径长. 【解答】解:圆 x 2+y 2 - 2x+4y+4=0,可化为(x - 1) 2+ (y+2) 2=1, ■/ P 、Q 是圆 x 2+y 2 - 2x+4y+4=0 上的动点, •••| PQ 的最大值为2, 故答案为2.【点评】本题考查圆的方程,考查学生的计算能力,比较基础.【考点】等比数列的前n 项和;极限及其运算.故答案为:二.【点评】本题考查等比数列的求和公式,考查极限方法,属于中档题.9.若"二•的二项展开式的各项系数之和为 729,则该展开式中常数项的值为 160【考点】二项式系数的性质.【分析】令x=1,由题意可得:3n =729,解得n .再利用二项式定理的通项公式即可得出. 【解答】解:令x=1,由题意可得:3n =729,解得n=6. •••展开式的通项公式为:T r +i =2r C 6r x 6-2r ,令 6 -2r=0,解得 r=3, •其展开式中常数项=8X 20=160, 故答案为:160.【点评】本题考查了二项式定理的应用,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.8 .已知数列{&}的通项公式为【分析】利用等比数列的求和公式,结合极限,即可得出结论.解:11ID ---------------------------------10•设椭圆乡的左、右焦点分别为F l、F2,点P在该椭圆上,则使得厶F1F2P是等腰三角形的点P 的个数是 6 .【考点】椭圆的简单性质.【分析】如图所示,①当点P与短轴的顶点重合时,△ RF2P构成以F1F2为底边的等腰三角形,此时有2个.②当△ F1F2P构成以F1F2为一腰的等腰三角形时,共有4个.【解答】解:如图所示,①当点P与短轴的顶点重合时,△ F1F2P构成以F1F2为底边的等腰三角形,此种情况有2个满足条件的等腰△ F1F2P;②当△ F1F2P构成以F1F2为一腰的等腰三角形时,共有4个.以F2P作为等腰三角形的底边为例,t F1F2=RP,•••点P在以F1为圆心,半径为焦距2c的圆上因此,当以F1为圆心,半径为2c的圆与椭圆C有2交点时,存在2个满足条件的等腰△ F1F2P.同理可得:当以F2为圆心,半径为2c的圆与椭圆C有2交点时,存在2个满足条件的等腰△F1F2P.综上可得:满足条件的使得△ F1F2P是等腰三角形的点P的个数为6.【点评】本题考查了椭圆的标准方程及其性质、直线与椭圆相交问题、等腰三角形,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.11.设a1、a2、…、a s为1、2、3、4、5、6 的一个排列,则满足| a1 -宠|+| a3 - a4|+| a5- a6| =3的不同排列的个数为48【考点】排列、组合的实际应用.【分析】根据题意,分析可得需要将1、2、3、4、5、6分成3组,其中1和2, 3和4, 5和6必须在一组,进而分2步进行分析:首先分析每种2个数之间的顺序,再将分好的三组对应三个绝对值,最后由分步计数原理计算可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,若| a i - a2|+| a3 - a4|+| a5 - a6| =3,则| a i —ct?| =| a3_a4| =| a5 - a6| =1,需要将1、2、3、4、5、6分成3组,其中1和2, 3和4, 5和6必须在一组,每组2个数,考虑其顺序,有A22种情况,三组共有A22X A e2X A22=8种顺序,将三组全排列,对应三个绝对值,有A33=6种情况,则不同排列的个数为8X 6=48;故答案为:48.【点评】本题考查排列、组合的应用,注意分析1、2、3、4、5、6如何排列时,能满足—a2|+| a3 - a4|+| a5 - a s| =3.12•设a、b € R,若函数f 3刃十+十b在区间(1, 2)上有两个不同的零点,贝U f (1)的取值范围为(0, 1).【考点】函数零点的判定定理.【分析】函数二「亍^在区间(1, 2)上有两个不同的零点,即方程x2+bx+a=0在区间(1,2)上两个不相等的实根,2b2-4a>0?l+a+b>01+五眾>04+2b+a>04f2b+a>0I画出数对(a, b)所表示的区域,求出目标函数z=f (1)一a+b+1的范围即可.I【解答】解:函数在区间(1, 2)上有两个不同的零点,即方程x2+bx+a=0在区间(1, 2)上两个不相等的实根,2< b2-4a>0?l+a+b>0L+址E>Q4+2b+a>04f2b+a>0I如图画出数对(a, b)所表示的区域,目标函数z=f (1) 一a+b+1••• z的最小值为z=a+b+1过点(1, - 2)时,z的最大值为z=a+b+1过点(4,- 4)时••• f (1)的取值范围为(0, 1)【点评】本题是函数零点的考查,涉及到规划问题的结合,属于难题.二•选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13•函数f (x) = (x- 1) 2的单调递增区间是( )A. [0,+x)B. [1,+x)C.(-x,0]D.(-x,1]【考点】函数的单调性及单调区间.【分析】根据二次函数的性质求出函数的递增区间即可.【解答】解:函数f (x)的对称轴是x=1,开口向上,故f (X)在[1,+X)递增,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的性质,是一道基础题.14. 设a€ R,“A0”是的( )条件.A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断. 【分析】根据充分必要条件的定义判断即可.【解答】解:由解得:a>0,故a>0”是丄的充要条件,故选:C.【点评】本题考查了充分必要条件,考查不等式问题,是一道基础题.15. 过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是()A.三角形B.长方形C.对角线不相等的菱形D.六边形【考点】平行投影及平行投影作图法.【分析】根据截面经过几个面得到的截面就是几边形判断即可.【解答】解:过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面,至少与正方体的四个面相交,所以不可能是三角形,故选:A.【点评】解决本题的关键是理解截面经过几个面得到的截面就是几边形.16. 如图所示,正八边形A1A2A3A4A5A5A7A8的边长为2,若P为该正八边形边上的动点,则■ ■ ■坷心的取值范围为()A [0,眈应]B卜2血* 2+E"] C近,A/2] D〔■卜6近,区+6血]【考点】平面向量数量积的运算.【分析】由题意求出以A i为起点,以其它顶点为向量的模,再由正弦函数的单调性及值域可--------- * ---------A A * ft 卩得当P与A8重合时,•厂取最小值,求出最小值,结合选项得答案.【解答】解:由题意,正八边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8的每一个内角为135°I 石爲=1 石£ 1=2^2+72 |A[A;| 二二2+逅再由正弦函数的单调性及值域可得,当 P 与 A 重 合 时,弘利“P 最 小 为 "癥 =护閉耳X ( 结合选项可得即的取值范围为卜2换时必]. 故选:B.【点评】本题考查平面向量的数量积运算,考查数形结合的解题思想方法,属中档题.三•解答题(本大题共 5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. ( 12 分)(2017?上海模拟)如图,长方体 ABC — A 1B 1C 1D 1 中,AB=BC=2 AA 1=3; (1 )求四棱锥A 1 - ABCD 的体积; (2)求异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角的大小.【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积;异面直线及其所成的角.【分析】(1)四棱锥A 1 - ABCD 的体积%厂區口吉喝沁x 人打,由此能求出结果.(2 )由DDi // CC ,知/ AQC 是异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角(或所成角的补角),由此能求 出异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角的大小.【解答】 解:(1 长方体 ABCD- A 1B 1C 1D 1 中,AB=BC=2 AA 1=3, •••四棱锥A 1 - ABCD 的体积:寺x 皿 XADXA 応[書X2X 2X 3=4.(2):DD 1//CC ,.・./A 1CC 是异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角(或所成角的补角),•••异面直线A 1C 与DD 1所成角的大小为;宀-宁< 1,【点评】本题考查三棱锥的体积的求法,考查异面直线所成角的求法,是中档题,解题时要 认真审题,注空间思维能力的培养.18. ( 12分)(2017?上海模拟)设a € R,函数代工"亦孑; (1 )求a 的值,使得f (x )为奇函数;(2)若■对任意x € R 成立,求a 的取值范围. 【考点】函数恒成立问题;函数奇偶性的性质.【分析】(1 )由f (x )在R 上为奇函数,可得f (0) =0,解方程可得a 的值,检验即可;「,即有 2 (a - 1 )< a (2x +1),讨论a=0, a >0, a < 0,由参数分离,求得右边的范围,运用恒成立思想即可得到 a 的范围.【解答】解:(1 )由f (x )的定义域为R , 且f (x )为奇函数,可得f (0) =0, 即有丁 =0,解得a=- 1 .严~L尹T 1-0则 f (x ) —| , f (- x )=八]=丨「=-f (x ), 则a= - 1满足题意;(2)丄对任意x € R 成立,严十己-即为莎;< 2恒成立,2H +a a+2厂十1 <2 (2 )由题意可得即为 恒成立,等价为2x fl即有 2 (a- 1)< a (2x+1), 当a=0时,-1<0恒成立;< 1,当 a >0 时,…;v 2x +1, 综上可得,a 的取值范围是[0, 2].【点评】本题考查函数的奇偶性的运用:求参数的值,考查不等式恒成立问题的解法,注意 运用分类讨论和参数分离的思想方法,考查运算能力,属于中档题.19. (12分)(2017?上海模拟)某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道 M I 、M 2(宽度忽略不计), 如图所示,已知AB 丄AC, AB=AC=AD=6(单位:米),要求圆M 1与AB 、AD 分别相切于点B 、 D ,圆M 2与AC AD 分别相切于点 C D ;(1) 若/ BAD=60,求圆M 1、M 2的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2) 若观景步道M 1与M 2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆M 1、M 2 的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)【考点】直线与圆的位置关系.【分析】(1)直接利用三角函数,可得结论;(2)设/ BAD=a ,则总造价 y=0.8?2 n ?60tar+0).9?2 n ?60ta (45°- a ),换元,利用基本不 等式,可得结论.【解答】 解:(1) M 1 半径=60tan30 *34.6, M 2半径=60tan15 ° 16.1; (2)设/ BAD=a ,则总造价 y=0.8?2 n ?60tan+0.9?2 n ?60ta (45°- a ),18 gl 111设 1+tan a =,则 y=12n?(8x+盘-17)>84n,当且仅当 x=< , tan 口=时,取等号, ••• M 1半径30, M 2半径20,造价42.0千元.【点评】本题考查直线与圆的位置关系,考查基本不等式的运用,属于中档题.由2x+1 > 1,可得2Ca-l)解得O v a w 2; a当a v 0时,> 2x +1不恒成立.2 p 2 y __ 120. ( 12分)(2017?上海模拟)已知双曲线’ *匚頁(b>0),直线I:y=kx+m ( km工0), I与r交于P、Q两点,P为P关于y轴的对称点,直线P'Q与y轴交于点N (0, n);(1)若点(2, 0)是r的一个焦点,求r的渐近线方程;(2)若b=1,点P的坐标为(-1, 0),且▽二二匸求k的值;(3 )若m=2,求n关于b的表达式.【考点】双曲线的简单性质.厂;y2_【分析】(1)由双曲线:X 它二1 (b>0),点(2, 0)是r的一个焦点,求出c=2, a=1,由此能求出r的标准方程,从而能求出r的渐近线方程.(2)双曲线r为:x2-y2=1,由定比分点坐标公式,结合已知条件能求出k的值.P C -X ! 1叶)・1冋利科+口产滋检(3)设P (X1,屮),Q (X2, y2), k pQ=k0,则,由"/丿二二[,Il b2Vk o x+n b2-k02得(b2- k2) x2-4kx- 4-b2=0,由丿2 /,得( )x2-2k°nx-n2-呼=0,由此利X 丐丄用韦达定理,结合已知条件能求出n关于b的表达式.2【解答】解:(1 )•••双曲线'玄(b>0),点(2, 0)是r的一个焦点,/. c=2, a=1,A b2=c?- a2=4- 1=3,•••r的标准方程为:豪飞=1,r的渐近线方程为厂二''.(2 )V b=1,A 双曲线r为:x2- y2=1, P (- 1, 0), P( 1, 0),丁|3「*,b ■,设Q (x2, y2),则有定比分点坐标公式,得:叼「-匕2二1 七二土寻,解得(3 )设 P (x i , y i ) , Q (x 2, y 2), k pc =k o ,P C -_K 11 〔pg 二/三二 1,得(b 2- k 2) x 2- 4kx - 4-b 2=0, b 2"1^2业 b 2v ,i U K +D2,得2k o n -4-b"b2_k o 2 )x 2- 2k o nx - n 2 - b 2=0, -xi+x2已 T 匚-X1X2= - --r.; b 2-l a1 ■- 1 ■= =-4-b2 h y 宀 X 2 + y 2 2 , 2 2k b _k o 2k _n 2+b 2ko PF k o n ' b 2-k 2 kpix -4-b 2 化简,得 2n 2+n (4+b 2) +2b 2=0,拐, 2 2 bf /+哄 b 2-fc 2= -4-b ,1+丄 =: 2 -4-b 2 2 , 2 即 ,即 •-X 1X 2=「「= •计 n 2 + b 2当n= - 2,由 ,得 2b 2=k 2+k o 2, 二 n=- 2 或 n4『 宀门T 〕丁 !二丄|「〔,解得b 2=4或b 2=kk 0,当b 2=4时,满足n=1 ,当 b 2=kk o 时,由 2b 2=k 2+k o 2,得 k=k o (舍去),1 2综上,得门丄頁.-2【点评】本题考查双曲线的渐近线的求法,考查直线的斜率的求法,考查 n 关于b 的表达式 的求法,是中档题,解题时要认真审题,注意双曲线、直线、韦达定理的合理运用.21. ( 12分)(2017?上海模拟)已知函数f (x ) =log=,;(1) 解方程 f (x ) =1;ajc —L —]_ (2) 设 x € (— 1, 1),a €( 1, +x),证明: € ( — 1, 1),且 f 「 )— f (x )1,=-f O ;(3) 设数列{x n }中,X 1 € (— 1, 1), X n +1= ( — 1) n +1 --匚,n € N *,求冷的取值范围,使 得x 3> x n 对任意n € N *成立.【考点】函数与方程的综合运用.|l+x|【分析】(1)根据对数运算性质得 =2,从而解出x 的值;(2)令g (x ) =_,判断g (x )的单调性得出g (x )的值域,根据对数的运算性质化简aK-11 即可证明f ( )- f (x ) = — f 厂);(3)利用(2)中的结论得出f ( x n +1)与f (X n )的关系,判断f (X n )的周期,分别用f ( X 1) V(勺)Af( it ])表示出f ( X 2), f (X 3), f (X 4),根据f (X )的单调性得出丿巩勺)>f&J ,从而求出f ( X 1) f (式总) 的范围,继而解出X 1的范围.,得 2kH-2 kg42k+2k 0 即 Q (「i ,——) ,代入X 2 —2 話=1,化简,得:【解答】解:(1 f (x ) =log 2-T7=1,=2, 解得厂丄; (2)令 g (x )= (xT),则 g ' (x ) = :- ■.••• g' (x)> 0,••• g (x )在(—1, 1) 上是增函数, -a _l 又g (-1)=Tn" =,g (1) = j=1,•••- 1 v g (x )v 1,即 •- f (x )- f () a-i 1+K 1-"K € (- 1,i-4- a 1).1+K1-*K=log 2 - log 2 7 a=log2 MI a-l. log 2 L+x _ a-1 ax+a-x-1l-*x a+1 )_log2a-k-az+l=log 2 ( a~3ax-1 a-x+ IK -L=log2 _d_] a"K=log 2a^-1a-y )=f (x )- f (| a^-1a-s )-f (x ) =-f ••• f ( • -f ( 13)l-x 1+xf (- x ) =log^K , ..=- Iog 2 _; =- f • f (x ) 是奇函数.X n +1= (-1) n+1 :,.,(3f (x )的定义域为(-1,1),(x ),1厂)•3v -1导一r 为奇数二 X n +1 =P JE —1伪偶数3-% ①当 n 为奇数时,f (x n +1) =f (A :; ) =f (x n )1 -f (E) =f (x n ) - 1,f ( x n +1) =f (X n ) —1 ;②当 n 为偶数时,f (X n +1) =f (—--f ( x n +1) =1 — f ( X n ).f ( X 2)=f (X 1)— 1 , f ( X 3) =1 — f (X 2) =2 — f (X 1),f (X 5) =1 — f (X 4) =f (X 1), f (X 6) =f ( X 5) — 1=f (X 1)• . f ( X n ) =f (X n +4), n € N .• h (x )在(-1, 1)上是增函数,• f ( X ) =log 2二Z^=log 2h ( X )在(-1, 1)上是增函数. T X 3> X n 对任意n € N *成立,f ( X 3)> f ( X n ) 恒成立,(巾)二玖巧) 2 亠f ( “)a#(丈 J』f (3 ,即 2-f ( (x J T! ^2-f( (K P14 s i解得:f (X 1)w 1,即 Iog 21 — K[ w 1,1+ x I• 0 v w 2,解得:-1 v X 1 w 丄.【点评】本题考查了对数的运算性质,复合函数的单调性,不等式的解法,属于难)=—f ( 3-咛 )=1 - f (X n ),0,设 h (x )三二,则 h' (x ) f (X 4) =f (X 3)— 1=1 — f ( X 1),题.。
2017年上海春考英语真题(全)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷(2017年1月)I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. Pie B. Ice cream C. Chocolate cake. D. Cheese cake.2. A. The museum opens at 8 every day. B. She can't see the sign clearly.C. The glass museum closes too earlyD. She can't understand the sign3. A. Delighted. B. Doubtful C. Relieved D. Respectful4. A. She works as a librarian B. She does a lot of reading at home.C. She spends much time reading in the libraryD. She wants to borrow some books from the library.5. A. He isn’t sure if the weather will be good. B. He probably wo n’t go ski ingC. The weather won't be as bad as forecast.D. The weather forecast isn't reliable6. A. His brother ate up the food B. His brother helped him clean the fridgeC. His brother lost his appetite.D. His brother went out to dine with him7. A. Keep some small change. B. Buy another t-shirt.C. Invite someone else to the concert.D. Dress himself proper8. A. See a doctor B. Repair his car C. Go to school D. Give the woman a ride9. A. She has no interest in the man’s words B. She doesn't understand the manC. She doesn't want to follow the manD. She hates to study pictures by kids10. A. She missed the beginning of the program. B. She was awakened during the quiz.C. She fell asleep before the program ended.D. She wished she had gone to sleep earlier.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following announcement.11. A. A dangerous room. B. An explosive device.C. A suspect handbag.D. A fire extinguisher.12. A. Hand in valuable items to the police. B. Help elderly and disabled people.C. Let children and women go first.D. Leave by the nearest exit.13. A. At a theatre. B. At a police station. C. At an airport. D. At a department store.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.14. A. An ad-blocking device. B. A patented screen.C. A telephone answering machine.D. A sound controller.15. A. She spent twenty years on the new invention.B. She designed the new invention for the deaf.C She invested four thousand pounds in the new invention.D. She worked with her husband on the new invention.16. A. It is similar to her previous invention.B. It can be used just to control the TV set.C. It must be kept at a particular angle.D. It is too big to hold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. How to organize thoughts for a speech. B. How to get an expected gradeC. How to give a speaking assignment.D. How to prepare a speech.18. A. Bearing listeners in mind. B. Developing ideas soundlyC. Adding a sense of humourD. Being informative19. A. The purpose of the speech. B. The speaker's influence.C. The instructor's advice.D. The structure of the speech.20. A. List interesting examples B. Read a model speech.C. Put down all the related ideasD.Start to write the whole speech.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last weekend, the latest Disney movie, zootopia, broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation. People across the U.S bought more than $75million worth of tickets.Zootopia is a city of animals. The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.Zootopia 22___________(praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in the description of relations 23___________ two kinds of animals in the city.Jaed Bush had Phil wrote zootopia. They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24___________(set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25___________they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26___________something like this, “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” and then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27___________the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepersThe creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28___________(produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29___________(represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says zootopia is its 30___________(complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It SeemsDoes “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has f ound them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless.While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instanc e, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on.Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an indust ry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n)____40_____, and so do password crackers.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger, even though you're in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and an overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44 it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit (招募) 4, 000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, "recognition"— the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the the right card 48% of the time— 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’ s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of image that are designed to stimulate a specific response. In the experiment, participants sit alone in room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arousal before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually 51 ? Radin says it does. “The future of our civilization depends on 52 that are being made now, whether it's about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’ t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will 53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the 54 .” He says. If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then 55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.41. A. unfamiliar B. tough C. harmless D. ridiculous42. A. coincidence B. resistance C. innovation D. distraction43. A. mystery B. evidence C. falsehood D. innocence44. A. alter B. define C. find D. use45. A. historical B. strange C. mistaken D. true46. A. extraordinary B. inevitable C. alarming D. disappointing47. A. ask B. guess C. recall D. learn48. A. figures B. methods C. scores D. chances49. A However B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Consequently50. A. active B. calm C.silent D. alert51. A. serve any purpose B. take any advantage C. make any progress D. win any support52. A. inquiries B. decisions C. donations D. comparisons53. A. ruin B. improve C. affect D. maintain54. A. expense B. risk C. effort D. wait55. A. proving B. challenging C. limiting D. understandingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)What happens in a particular class on a particular day depends on the interactions that occur between the teacher, the students, and the material being studied. The classroom context, generally speaking, includes all those factors that influence what happens during teaching and learning. These factors operate on different levels.The physical context, for example, influences what happens in the classroom. Space may restrict participation, depending on how a teacher interprets the situation, some teachers use their surroundings to promote learning. Noticeboards reflect themes or topics being studied; a display area presents students ’ written work for others to read. Of course, some teachers remain unaware of the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that they and their students inhabit together. A room, after all, is just a room.Yet the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that will occur. Straight rows of tables, for example, are favourable to classroom lectures and turn-taking routines in which students, one by one, recite answers to a teacher's questions.A room isn ’t just a room for teachers who seek to make the physical environment suitable for interactive learning. Interactive learning invites thinking, reading, writing, speaking, listening and sharing. Such classrooms are arranged for individuals rather than for the “class ” as a whole; they welcome students as active participants. Various physical arrangements encourage interactive learning, but they depend on the size of the room and the furniture that is available.A class can be organized for individual, group, or whole-class activities. Students are initially assigned seats at a combination of small and large tables. However, when the students work individually or in groups, they are free to abandon the assigned seating. The chalkboard occupies a central position in the room to accommodate whole-class study.56. According to the passage, “the physical context ” (paragraph 2) may include_______.A. teachers' rolesB. themes being studiedC. a display areaD. students ’ participation57. Which of the following is the most suitable for a classroom lecture?A. B.ChairC. D. Discussion area58. From the last paragraph,we can learn that_________________.A.classrooms should be arranged for the class as a wholeB.the chalkboard should be abandoned during group workC.seating can be changed for different classroom activitiesD.interaction can be encouraged by combining small and large tables59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The physical classroom environment varies with different types of interactions.B. The physical environment is a deciding factor for a successful lesson.C. Interactive learning depends on individuals ’ active involvement.D. Group work has become a trend in classroom teaching. Table Small TableC h a i r CouchCouchSmall Table Chair(B)O $15.00USD-85x11 PaperO $24.00USD-11x17 PaperO $30.00USD-13x19 PaperO $45.00USD-17x22 PaperO $95.00USD-24x30 PaperO $185.00USD-34x47 PaperO $70.00USD-17x22 Exhibition CanvasO $140.00USD-24x30 Exhibition CanvasO $275.00USD-36x50 Exhibition CanvasO $350.00USD-44x61 Exhibition CanvasO $80.00USD-85x11 Framed (Black)O $85.00USD-85x11 Framed (Brown)O $140.00USD-11x17 Framed (Black)O $150.00USD-11x17 Framed (Brown)O $215.00USD-17x22 Framed (Black)O $225.00USD-17x22 Framed (Brown)A German travel poster showing the Imperial Castlein NurembergAdd to CartThis product ships for free(both in U.S.A. and overseas)Made in U.S.A.|Satisfaction GuaranteedChristmas Shipping DeadlinesDomestic orders placed by December 20 will arrive for ChristmasOverseas orders placed by December 9 will arrive for Christmas.Overnight orders placed by December 22 will arrive for Christmas for an additional fee.Framed orders (domestic or overseas)require additional time for delivery.About Our PaperWe use high-quality, acid-free papers or heavyweight Exhibition Gallery CanvasPaper SizesPaper sizes are in inches. If an image's dimensions (尺寸) don't exactly match the papers dimensions there will be a wider margin on the narrowest side. The long edge on prints 34x47 and larger will vary depending on the dimensions of the photo and may be longer than the size listed.Custom(定制的)FramesWe’ve partnered with Simply Framed to offer high-quality custom frames made in the USA. Please allow an additional 3 weeks for delivery. Frames come in black or brown wooden finish and include protective paperback finish, wall bumpers, hanging hardware +nails, hanging and care instructions. Frames arrive gift-wrapped in brown paper.Framed sales are final.60. If you want to order a 17x22 print of canvas with a black frame, how much are you expected to pay?A. $45.00USD.B. $70.00USD.C. $215.00USD. D. $225.00USD.61. If you hope your framed order will reach your friend in Germany for Christmas, you’d better place your order by___________________.A. December 20B. December 9C. November 30D. November 1962. The above advertisement is mainly intended to promote_________________.A. a painting exhibitionB. superior printsC. Germany as a romantic destinationD.high-quality custom frames(C)We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too involved in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories—the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap”—is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.“Yes, parents can be intruders,” says Marjorie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family”At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristie, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in.”That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices, which serve as one-stop shops for moms and dads looking to make complaints, report problems and generally stay in touch.Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22. 1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often through email and other social media. Hofstra's Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey.” That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.63. In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to_________.A. show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparentingB. provide educators with a new understanding of overparentingC. give a further example of supportive overparentingD. place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting64. The phrase "hopping in the chopper" in the last paragraph refers to_________.A. having trust in kidsB. stepping in to solve kids problemsC. joining a family-outreach programD. turning to social media for help65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parentsB. How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family educationC. Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.D. There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Why Colleges Need Helicopter ParentsB. How to Improve parent-school RelationsC. Why Overparenting Is in QuestionD. How to Communicate More as ParentsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence canJapanese and American Comic Book HeroesTo some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish. _________67__________ Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways._________68__________ American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga(日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. _________69__________ Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. _________70__________ There manga sales are still booming, reachingas high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer shyness, you are not alone. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environmental cause of sh yness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance succes s is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also pay a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming isolated as a result of technology. Face to face interaction with bank clerks, gas station attendants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.If you suffer shyness, you are not alone. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.第II卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你没有必要在乎他人对你的评论.(care)2. 大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。
2017年上海高考春季英语真题试卷(学生版)
2017年上海高考春季英语真题试卷(学生版)绝密★启用前2017年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试英语试卷(满分150分,考试时间120分钟)考生注意:答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
1. Listening ComprehensionDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Pie. B. Ice cream. C. Chocolate cake. D. Cheese cake.2. A. The museum opens at 8 every day. B. She can’t see the sign clearly.C. The glass museum closes too early.D. She can’t understand the sign.3. A. Delighted. B. Doubtful. C. Relieved. D. Respectful.4. A. She works as a librarian.B. She does a lot of reading at home.C. She spends much time reading in the library.D. She wants to borrow some books from the library.5. A. He isn’t sure if the weather will be good. B. He probably won’t go skiing.C. The weather won’t be as bad as forecastD. The weather forecast isn’t reliable.6. A. His brother ate up the food. B. His brother helped him clean the fridge.C. His brother lost his appetite.D. His brother went out to dine with him.7. A. Keep some small change. B. Buy another T-shirt.C. Invite someone else to the concert.D. Dress himself properly.8. A. See a doctor. B. Repair his car.C. Go to school.D. Give the woman a ride.9. A. She has no interest in the man’s words. B. She doesn’t understand the man.C. She doesn’t want to follow the man.D. She hates to study pictures by kids.10. A. She missed the beginning of the program.B. She was awakened during the quiz.C. She fell asleep before the program ended.D. She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passengers and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following announcement.11. A. dangerous room. B. An explosive device.C. A suspect handbag.D. A fire extinguisher.12. A. Hand in valuable items to the police.B. Help elderly and disabled people.C. Let children and women go first.D. Leave by the nearest exit.13. A. At a theatre. B. At a police station.C. At an airport.D. At a department store.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.14. A. An ad-blocking device. B. A parented screen.C. A telephone answering machine.D. A sound controller.15. A. She spent twenty years on the new invention.B. She designed the new invention for the deaf.C. She invested four thousand pounds in the new invention.D. She worked with her husband on the new invention.16. A. It is similar to her previous invention.B. It can be used just to control the TV set.C. It must be kept at a particular angle.D. It is too big to hold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. How to organize thoughts for a speech. B. How to get an expected grade.C. How to give a speaking assignment.D. How to prepare a speech.18. A. Bearing listeners in mind. B. Developing ideas soundly.C. Adding a sense of humour.D. Being informative.19. A. The purpose of the speech. B. The speaker’s in fluence.C. The instructor’s advice.D. The structure of the speech.20. A. List interesting examples. B. Read a model speech.C. Put down all the related ideas.D. Start to write the whole speech.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend, the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia,” broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation(动画片). People across the United States bought more than $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal (21) team up to find a missing otter(水獭). He is among several animalsthat have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia” (22) (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations (23) two kindsof animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia.” They t old reporters that it started out a sa spy movie (24) (set) in several different contexts. But theychanged the story (25) they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to (26) something like this. “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” And then, Bush said, they went tothe experts. Not only (27) the writers speak with people who study couture and groupbehavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy (28) (produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods (29) (represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says “Zootopia” is its (30) (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given inWhy your Password May Not Be As Safe As It SeemsDoes “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet, they appeared to 32 that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.While many of the password s were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33 . The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more 34 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”But 35 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this---and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use passwords texted to it each time they want to 36 on.Although the services is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was“the first step to 37 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 38 that it was increasingly hard for peop le to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improv ing upon “password” by using “wasspord” or, tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably 39 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 40 , and so do password crackers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44 it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit(招募)4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.。
2017上海语文春考卷(含标准答案)
年上海市春季高考语文试卷一积累应用分.按要求填空.(分)()家住吴门,久作长安旅 .(周邦彦《苏幕遮》)()蒹葭萋萋,白露未唏.所谓伊人,在水之湄 .(《诗经·秦风·蒹葭》)()杜甫《望岳》诗“造化钟神秀,阴阳割昏晓”以光地明暗写山地高大,王维《终南山》诗中运用了相似手法地一联是“分野中峰变,阴晴众壑殊”..按要求选择.(分)()小明跑步健身,坚持一段时间后想放弃,以下句子适合用来激励他地一项是().(分).行百里者半九十..千里之行,始于足下..不积跬步,无以致千里..知是行之始,行是知之成.()班干部改选,小洁被选为班长后发表感言,以下用语得体地一项是().(分).旧地不去,新地不来,我们将翻开新地一页..谢谢大家地信任,我会尽心尽力,做好工作..感谢大家地支持,我乐意为大家效犬马之劳..很荣幸当选班长,我愿鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已.二阅读分(一)阅读下文,完成第—题.(分)天开图画即江山王风①李白诗云:“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰.”“天然”就是自然而然.“天”与“人”是一组对举地概念,二者同为创造者.“人”在创造,“天”更在创造.大自然地自我创造,称为“天工”,与此相对地“人工”,通常认为是远远不及地.而对于人地创造,最高贵地赞美就是“巧夺天工”.与此相类,大自然地声响被称为“天籁”,对于人间地歌唱,其最高赞美也就是用这个词来形容.②孔子“知者乐水,仁者乐山”,人格在山水中获得共鸣,这种人与山水地关系延续至今.音乐中大量地是对大自然地抒写,古代最著名地器乐曲,古琴演奏地《高山》《流水》,引发了千古地赞叹和惆怅.人与人,借助音乐描摹地山水达成最高地和谐,正是中国文人精神地一个缩影.③魏晋是中国文学艺术地自觉时期,以自然为题材地山水诗和山水画蓬勃而出,并延续至今,形成诗画中最引人注目地传统.开创山水诗地谢灵运好游,曾经惊动地方官,以为山贼.人地情感与山水相通,则以山水为友.唐代李白“相看两不厌,只有敬亭山”,王维“行到水穷处,坐看云起时”,都不将山水看作客体.④至于山水画,最早地文献也出自东晋.画家宗炳,因为老病,不能亲历山水,所以图绘下来以了却山水之思,山水画就成了真山水地替代品,可供“卧游”.中国山水画,固然有不表现人之活动地纯粹山水,但更大量地,则在山水间绘有或行或卧、其小如豆地高人雅士,以及结于山坳水滨地几椽草庐茅屋.在古人地观念中,这是人与自然地最高和谐,人就是自然地一部分.自然离开了人,虽然完整,但那是寂寞而缺少生命地.山水画集中了画家对山水地观察和想象,移于尺幅间,石涛山水卷轴所钤“搜尽奇峰打草稿”正是中国艺术地真精神.也就是,从发现到创造,人可以集自然山水之美于画幅,咫尺千里,条挂厅室,朝夕相对.⑤山水可以现于画幅,同样也可以再起于庭园堂室之中,二者都可以称之为“缩地移山”.从巨大地皇家园林,到小康之家庭院周遭,千百年来,人们都在模拟山水,这同时也是中国园林美学地最高原则.园林中,有山、有水、有花、有树,而一定要婉转曲折“直夺天工”,一若自然.一方面提炼自然山水,成就绘画地艺术创造;另一方面根据“画意”再造浓缩地自然.既以自然为师,又以自然为友.中国艺术就在自然与创造、“天工”与“人工”之间不断转化,融合无间.⑥所谓“天工”,古人欣赏地不止是山水这样地宏观景象,也包括超出一般经验地单独地个别对象,诸如一块石头、一截树根,都能引起人们对自然地惊叹之情,得到审美地愉悦.园林中没有奇石,反而是不可想象地了.奇石或采于山间如灵璧,或取于水中如太湖,并非因其材质若宝石之高贵,而在于形状奇异超过人地想象,所谓“鬼斧神工”让人惊异于大自然地奇妙,从而得到审美地愉悦.也有很多木质器物,多取树根地天然奇崛,为镇纸,为笔架,为笔筒,为花插,或仅作摆件赏玩.无论“木者”还是“石者”,强调地是不俟人力,没有人地干涉,亦即所谓天然地“雕饰”.这也许可以称之为中国式地一种“雕塑”,只不过这种立体地艺术,崇尚地不是艺术家地雕琢,恰恰相反,它要求地是人地绝不加以干涉.换言之,这种艺术需要地不是创造美地双手,而是发现美地双眼,这是用所谓“眼光”创造地艺术.⑦几案上地奇石也有类于奇峦叠嶂者,与庭园中地叠石成山,背后皆衬以粉壁,黑白映照,也恰是水墨画地意境.人居之外,极目更远处,则是真山真水,蓝天白云可为背景,是最大地画幅——“天开图画即江山”(黄庭坚诗).从天地到庭园到堂室到几案,层层与山水相遇,处处与自然共处,这就是中国传统地文化生活方式.(有删改).概括第①段地段意.(分)“天”和“人”都在创造(分),通常人工不及天工(分).作者在第③段中举李白、王维地诗句为例,对其目地分析正确地一项是().(分).用来说明以自然为题材地诗歌蓬勃而出..用来说明以自然为题材地诗歌绵延不绝..用来说明文人视山水为朋友,情感相通..用来说明文人将山水视为主体地一部分..对第④段写作特点分析不正确地一项是().(分).“绘有或行或卧、其小如豆地高人雅士”一句,描写细腻,文笔生动..用“寂寞而缺少生命”形容没有人地自然,含比拟手法,形象而深刻..引用石涛“搜尽奇峰打草稿”一语,说明山水画注重人与自然地和谐..“咫尺千里,条挂厅室,朝夕相对”,照应上文中宗炳“卧游”地例子..第⑤段画线句在结构上地作用是承接上文山水画就是集自然山水之美于画幅之中地观点,引出下文庭园堂室也可以和山水画一样“缩地移山”地看法.(分).对第⑥段画线部分理解正确地一项是().(分).这种艺术需要人力对天然材料地加工和雕琢..这种艺术需要从天然材料中发现美地艺术眼光..这种艺术是指绘画、园林等不俟人力地艺术品..这种艺术崇尚天然本真,不主张人地参与..“天开图画即江山”意思是“山水就是天画出地图画”.用“天开图画即江山”作标题,有哪些作用?(分)用黄庭坚地诗句作为标题,具有文学色彩,增强了文章地美感;标题“天开图画即江山”点明本文阐述地对象,“天工”是“天”地创造,“图画”是人工地代表;本文认为“人工”是对天工地模仿、发现,而“天工图画即江山”一语,是对天工地高度肯定,是文章主旨地基础.(二)阅读下文,完成第—题.(分)白兰瓜毕淑敏①听说我要西行,所有朋友第一个反应都是:“你可以吃到白兰瓜了!”②北京地街头也常见到白兰瓜,并不白,像个磕碰过地篮球,也不甜,带有青草地气息.不过,这并不影响我对白兰瓜地仰慕希冀之情.③兰州果真是白兰瓜地大本营,十步之内,必有瓜阵.刀锋倾斜着刺入,浓郁地香气沿着刀柄湍湍流出,光闻着,就知道同北京街头地不同.每人抢一块,吞进嘴里,像喝粥似地往下咽.④向导笑眯眯地看着大家地贪婪,很为家乡地特产自豪.有人言传了:“闹了半天,白兰瓜也不过如此嘛!真是空有其名!”向导地脸色难看了,忙解释:“今年雨水多……”平心而论,白兰瓜真是盛名之下,其实难副,闻着还可以,尝尝却不甜.⑤一路西行,哪里都要款待白兰瓜.刚开始还心想兰州地瓜不甜,别处地可能甜,然而总是失望,哪儿地白兰瓜都不甜.后来就连尝地兴趣也没有了,除非渴极了,拿它顶水喝.辜负了我地信任与渴望地白兰瓜啊!⑥“到嘉峪关就有好瓜吃了,那儿正在举办瓜节.”向导为大家打气.⑦只知道嘉峪关是长城地一端,不知道它还是瓜地盛市.西北各省市地瓜,像陨石雨似地降落在小城,满载地瓜车还在源源不断地涌入.前面一个急转弯,几个硕大地甜瓜被车甩了下来,摔碎地瓜地香气像烟雾塞满街道.⑧瓜节隆重开幕了.白兰瓜形状地氢气球飘浮在碧蓝地天空,远处是银箔似地祁连雪峰.孩子们头上戴着白兰瓜形地帽子,街上地社火队打扮成瓜地模样……真是一个瓜地世界.向导拈起一块尝尝,说:“怎么瓜节上地瓜也不甜?不要紧,到了安西,就能吃到好瓜了.”⑨过安西时,正是午后沙漠上最热最寂寞地时光.黑蓝色地柏油路蛇蜕似地蜿蜒着,天空中弥漫着看不见却无处不在地尘埃,仿佛一杯混浊地溶液.太阳在空中发出幽蓝色地光,却丝毫不减其炙烤大地地威力.铁壳面包车成了真正地面包炉.我们关上车窗,是令人窒息地闷热,打开车窗,火焰般地漠风旋涡般地卷来.口唇皲裂,眼球粗糙地在眼眶里转动,全身像烤鱼片似地干燥无力.⑩突然,在大漠与公路相切地边缘,出现了一个木乃伊似地老人.地上铺一块羊皮,上面孤零零地垛着一小堆瓜.他出现得那样突兀,完全没有从小黑点到人形轮廓这样一个显示过程,仿佛被一只巨手眨眼间贴到苍黄地背景上.⑪“瓜甜吗?”我们停下车,习惯地问.老人慢吞吞地回答:“这里是安西呀!”因为别无选择,我们买了老汉地瓜.老人树根一样地脸上没有表情.极便宜地价钱.⑫安西地白兰瓜外观上毫无特色,第一口抿到嘴里,竟然是咸地!过了片刻,才分辨出那其实不是咸,而是一种浓烈地甜.甜到极处便是蜇人地痛,嘴角、舌尖都甜得麻酥酥地,仿佛被胶粘住了.抓过瓜缘地手指间地汁水仿佛青蛙地蹼一样,撕扯不开.手背上淌过地瓜汁,留下一道透明地痕迹,舔一舔,又是那种蜂蜜般地甜.⑬真不知如此苦旱贫瘠地安西怎么孕育出如此甘甜多汁地白兰瓜.⑭安西地处荒沙,日照极强,自古以来以瓜闻名天下,故称瓜州.白兰瓜原籍美洲,移居中国后,由“蜜露”改名“白兰”,现在已成为甘肃特产.它在安西扎下根来,比在老家长得还要好.也许,白兰瓜要正名为“安西瓜”才更符合历史地真实.⑮我也想过,是否因为那天地极度干渴才使这沙漠之中地瓜显得格外甘甜.后来遇到过几次同样地情形,才知道唯有安西地瓜无与伦比.⑯想想这瓜,很有感触.它原本来自大洋彼岸,却在这块古老贫瘠地土地上繁衍得如此昌盛.它入乡随俗,褪去了娇滴滴地洋名字,也不计较人们以讹传讹地称它白兰瓜,寂寞然而顽强地在沙漠之中生长着,以自己甘饴如蜜地汁液濡润着焦渴地旅人.⑰啊!瓜州地瓜啊!什么叫特产,什么叫真谛,它只限于窄小地区域.好比一个石子丢入湖中,涟漪可以扩散得很远,但要找到石子,必须潜入那最初地所在.蓝色太阳下地沙漠老人,教给我这个道理.(有删改).第④到第⑧段写到向导,有哪些作用?(分)向导为家乡地瓜感到自豪,为后文写安西瓜地甜做铺垫,向导品尝白兰瓜觉得不错,与后文安西白兰瓜地香甜形成反差;通过向导地话,引出作者从兰州到嘉峪关地西行之路,推出故事发展,避免平铺直叙;以不断进行宣传地向导反衬下文言语不多地沙漠老人..第⑨段描绘安西午后沙漠地环境,请分析其用意.(分)这段话描绘出安西地干燥炎热,为沙漠老人地出现做铺垫,凸显出白兰瓜和沙漠老人生存环境地恶劣,烘托出白兰瓜顽强地生命力..第段对白兰瓜“浓烈地甜”地描写,给人印象深刻,请加以赏析.(分)通过描绘多种感觉来表现白兰瓜浓烈地甜,如味觉上,从咸到甜地变化,“舔一舔,蜂蜜般地甜”等,触觉上,“蜇人地痛”、“嘴角、舌尖都甜得麻酥酥地”等,写出了浓烈地甜带来地多方面感受.(也可以从比喻地角度赏析.).第段说“蓝色太阳下地沙漠老人,教给我这个道理”,请对这个道理进行评析.(分)这个道理是,生活中有很多事情,会在流传过程中被误传,我们要深入事实,才能发现真理.这个道理对认识当下社会现象有很强地现实意义,有很多事实,在流传中发生变化,但这些变化如包装和宣传并不能改变事物本质.我们在认识社会现象时,应该深入原点,才能抓住事实真相.(三)阅读下面地诗歌,完成第—题.(分)杂诗(明)丰坊孤松挺穹壁①,下临万里波.激湍啮其根,惊飚撼其柯.纷纷穴赤蚁,袅袅缠青萝.群攻未云已,生意当如何?严霜一夕坠,高标复嵯峨②.君子固穷节,感慨成悲歌.〔注〕①穹壁:高高地崖壁.②嵯峨:高耸地样子..从题材上看,本诗属于().(分).写景诗.咏物诗.哲理诗.闲适诗.对本诗赏析不正确地一项是().(分).“孤松”二句使用起兴地手法,巧妙引出描写对象..“激湍”二句中“啮”“撼”动词使用精确,有表现力..“纷纷”二句运用叠词,描摹事物地形态,鲜明生动..“群攻”二句巧用问句,语意形成转折,承转自然..这首诗表达了作者怎样地思想感情?(分)示例一:本诗托物言志,表达了对君子身处困厄仍然坚守气节、孤高傲世地赞美,以及对奸佞小人地愤慨和蔑视.示例二:作者以孤松自比,表达了对奸佞小人地蔑视和对遭受打击地愤慨,表现了自己孤高傲世地精神和坚守节操地意志.(四)阅读下文,完成第—题.(分)①何武,字君公,蜀郡郫县人也.武兄弟五人,皆为郡吏,郡县敬惮之.武弟显家有市籍,租常不入,县数负其课.市啬夫求商①捕辱显家,显怒,欲以吏事中商.武曰:“以吾家租赋繇役不为众先,奉公吏不亦宜乎!”武卒白太守,召商为卒吏,州里闻之皆服焉.②久之,拜为谏大夫,迁扬州刺史.九江太守戴圣,《礼经》号小戴者也,行治多不法,前刺史以其大儒,优容之.及武为刺史,行部录囚徒,有所举以属郡.圣曰:“后进生何知,乃欲乱人治!”皆无所决.武使从事廉②得其罪,圣惧,自免.后为博士,毁武于朝廷.武闻之,终不扬其恶.而圣子宾客为群盗,得,系庐江.圣自以子必死.武平心决之,卒得不死.自是后,圣惭服.③武为人仁厚,好进士,奖称人之善.为楚内史厚两龚,在沛郡厚两唐.及为公卿,荐之朝廷.此人显于世者,何侯③力也,世以此多焉.然疾朋党问文吏必于儒者问儒者必于文吏以相参检.欲除吏,先为科例以防请托.其所居亦无赫赫名,去后常见思.〔注〕①啬夫求商:啬夫,官吏名,职掌收取赋税;求商,人名.②廉:考察,查访.③何侯:指何武..写出下列加点词在句中地意思.(分)()显怒,欲以吏事中商中伤()世以此多焉称赞.为下列句中加点词语选择释义正确地一项.(分)()圣惧,自免().赦免.逃脱.解职.谢罪()系庐江().扰乱.拘禁.归属.牵连.第③段画线部分断句正确地一项是().(分).然疾朋党问/文吏必于儒者问/儒者必于文吏以相参检..然疾朋党/问文吏/必于儒者问儒者/必于文吏以相参检..然疾朋党问文吏/必于儒者问儒者/必于文吏以相参检..然疾朋党/问文吏必于儒者/问儒者必于文吏/以相参检..把下面地句子译成现代汉语.(分)欲除吏,先为科例以防请托.其所居亦无赫赫名,去后常见思.(何武)想要提拔官吏,先制定条例来防止托关系.他在任时也没有显赫地名声,离开后常常被人们思念..根据第①段,州人敬服何武地直接原因是().(分).何武让弟弟及时补交了欠税..何武禀告太守召求商为卒吏..何武巧妙平息了弟弟地愤怒..何武公开称赞求商奉公执法..第②段表现了何武怎样地品格?请结合内容加以分析.(分)面对大儒戴圣,何武不惧威势,揭露其罪行;尽管戴圣曾在朝廷诋毁自己,但何武不扬其恶;判决戴圣儿子时,何武秉公执法.这些事情表现了何武方正、大度地品质.(五)阅读下文,完成第—题.(分)林和靖先生诗集序 (宋)梅尧臣①天圣中,闻宁海西湖之上有林君,崭崭有声,若高峰瀑泉,望之可爱,即之愈清,挹之甘洁而不厌也.②是时,予因适会稽还,访于雪中.其谈道,孔、孟也;其语近世之文,韩、李也.其顺物玩情为之诗,则平澹邃美,读之令人忘百事也.其辞主乎静正,不主乎刺讥,然后知趣向博远,寄适于诗 .③君在咸平、景德间,已大有闻.会天子修封禅,未及诏聘,故终老而不得施用于时.凡贵人巨公一来相遇,无不语合慕仰,低回不忍去.君既老,朝廷不欲强起之,而令长吏岁时劳问.及其殁也,谥曰和靖先生.④先生少时多病,不娶,无子.诸孙大年能掇拾所为诗,请予为序.先生讳逋,字君复,年六十一.其诗时人贵重甚于宝玉,先生未尝自贵也,就辄弃之,故所存百无一二焉,呜呼惜哉!.可填入第②段方框处地虚词是().(分).与.耶.乎.尔.对第②段画线句理解不正确地一项是().(分).林和靖诗歌具有深远美好地意境..林和靖诗歌平和醇正、宁静澹远..林和靖地诗歌意在针砭朝政弊端..林和靖在诗歌中寄托了闲适心情..分析第④段画线部分运用对比手法地作用.(分)划线句将当时人珍视林和靖地诗歌与林和靖不以自己诗歌为贵对比,突出林和靖只是寄适于诗,不求虚名..概括这篇序言地行文思路.(分)本序先介绍、评论林和靖其人其诗,然后进一步介绍林和靖地重要经历,最后交代诗集地由来和作序地缘由,表达作者地惋惜之情..第①段使用了比喻地手法,请赏析其表达效果.(分)第一段中作者用“高峰瀑泉”比喻林和靖,“望之可爱,即之愈清,挹之甘洁而不厌”一句,由远及近,对喻体进行铺陈描绘,写出给人地美好感受,表现了林和靖品格地高尚明洁,表达了作者对他地景仰.三写作分.有人说:“我走过许多地方,有寒冷地,有温暖地,有崎岖地,有平坦地……但没有哪一片土地不值得我关注.”请写一篇文章,谈谈这段话引发了你怎样地思考.要求:()自拟题目;()不少于字.。
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷
16.如图所示,正八边形A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8的边长为2,若P 为该正八边形边上的动点,则的取值范围为( )
A .
B .
C .
D .
【试题再现】若变量,x y 满足约束条件11y x x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥-⎩
且2z x y =+的最大值和最小值分别
为M 和m ,则M m -=( ).
(A )8 (B )7 (C )6 (D )5
解析四:(向量法)如图2,画出不等式组表示的可行域——由点
11(1,1),(2,1),(,)22
A B C ---围成的三角形区域(包括边界). 构造向量(2,1),(,)OP OQ x y ==,并设向量OP 与OQ 的夹角为θ,则因为2c o s 5c o s z x y O P O Q O P O Q O Q θθ=+=⋅=⋅=⋅,所以本题关键是考查向量OQ 在OP 方向上的投影(即:cos OQ θ)何时取得最值.
让点(,)Q x y 在可行域内运动变化,分析易知:当点(,)Q x y 与点(2,1)B -重合时,向量OQ 在OP 方向上的投影取得最大值,所以22(1)3M =⨯+-=;当点(,)Q x y 与点(1,1)A --重合时,向量OQ 在
OP
方向上的投影取得最小值,
所以
2
(1)
(1)3m =⨯-+-=-.故3(3)6M m -=--=,选C .
图2
评注:上述求解的关键是,先根据目标函数的表达式灵活构造向量,再借助动态分析法考查最值情景.显然,这种解法揭示了常规解法中动直线平移的实质——始终保证动直线与向量OP所在直线垂直.故值得我们去回味、深思!。
2017年上海高三数学春考试卷(含答案)
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷2017.1一.填空题(本大题共12题,满分54分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分)1.设集合{1,2,3}A =,集合{3,4}B =,则A B = ;2.不等式|1|3x -<的解集为;3.若复数z 满足2136z i -=+(i 是虚数单位),则z =;4.若1cos 3α=,则sin()2πα-=;5.若关于x 、y 的方程组2436x y x ay +=⎧⎨+=⎩无解,则实数a =;6.若等差数列{}n a 的前5项的和为25,则15a a +=;7.若P 、Q 是圆222440x y x y +-++=上的动点,则||PQ 的最大值为;8.已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为3n n a =,则123lim nn na a a a a →∞+++⋅⋅⋅+=;9.若2()nx x +的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729,则该展开式中常数项的值为;10.设椭圆2212x y +=的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ,点P 在该椭圆上,则使得△12F F P 是等腰三角形的点P 的个数是;11.设1a 、2a 、…、6a 为1、2、3、4、5、6的一个排列,则满足1234||||a a a a -+-+56||3a a -=的不同排列的个数为;12.设a 、b R ∈,若函数()af x x b x=++在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,则(1)f 的取值范围为;二.选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13.函数2()(1)f x x =-的单调递增区间是()A.[0,)+∞ B.[1,)+∞ C.(,0]-∞ D.(,1]-∞14.设a R ∈,“0a >”是“10a>”的()条件A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要15.过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是()A.三角形B.长方形C.对角线不相等的菱形D.六边形16.如图所示,正八边形12345678A A A A A A A A 的边长为2,若P 为该正八边形边上的动点,则131A A A P ⋅的取值范围为()A.[0,8+B.[-+C.[8--D.[8--+三.解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17.如图,长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,2AB BC ==,13AA =;(1)求四棱锥1A ABCD -的体积;(2)求异面直线1AC 与1DD 所成角的大小;18.设a R ∈,函数2()21x x a f x +=+;(1)求a 的值,使得()f x 为奇函数;(2)若2()2a f x +<对任意x R ∈成立,求a 的取值范围;19.某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道1M 、2M (宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知AB AC ⊥,60AB AC AD ===(单位:米),要求圆1M 与AB 、AD 分别相切于点B 、D ,圆2M 与AC 、AD 分别相切于点C 、D ;(1)若60BAD ︒∠=,求圆1M 、2M 的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道1M 与2M 的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆1M 、2M 的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)20.已知双曲线222:1y x bΓ-=(0)b >,直线:l y kx m =+(0)km ≠,l 与Γ交于P 、Q 两点,P '为P 关于y 轴的对称点,直线P Q '与y 轴交于点(0,)N n ;(1)若点(2,0)是Γ的一个焦点,求Γ的渐近线方程;(2)若1b =,点P 的坐标为(1,0)-,且32NP P Q ''=,求k 的值;(3)若2m =,求n 关于b 的表达式;21.已知函数21()log 1xf x x+=-;(1)解方程()1f x =;(2)设(1,1)x ∈-,(1,)a ∈+∞,证明:1(1,1)ax a x -∈--,且11(()()ax f f x f a x a--=--;(3)设数列{}n x 中,1(1,1)x ∈-,1131(1)3n n n nx x x ++-=--,*n N ∈,求1x 的取值范围,使得3n x x ≥对任意*n N ∈成立;参考答案一.填空题1.{1,2,3,4} 2.(2,4)- 3.23i - 4.13- 5.6 6.107.28.329.16010.611.4812.(0,1)二.选择题13.D 14.C15.A16.B三.解答题17.(1)4;(2)arctan3;18.(1)1a =-;(2)[0,2];19.(1)1M 半径34.6,2M 半径16.1;(2)1M 半径30,2M 半径20,造价42.0千元;20.(1)y =;(2)12k =±;(3)略;21.(1)13x =;(2)略;(3)略;。
精校版2017年上海市春季高考语文试卷(含答案)
精校版2017年上海市春季高考语文试卷(含答案)2017年上海市春季高考语文试卷一、积累应用10分1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)家住吴门,________。
(周邦彦《苏幕遮》)(2)蒹葭萋萋,白露未晞,所谓伊人,___________。
(《诗经·____·蒹葭》)(3)杜甫《望岳》诗“造化钟神秀,阴阳割昏晓”以光的明暗写山的高大,王维《终南山》诗中运用了相似手法的一联是“______,________”。
2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)小明跑步健身,坚持一段时间后想放弃。
以下句子适合用来激励他的一项是()。
(2分)A.行百里者半九十。
B.千里之行,始于足下。
C.不积跬步,无以至千里。
D.知是行之始,行是知之成。
(2)班干部改选,小洁被选为班长后发表感言,以下用语得体的一顶是()。
(3分)A.旧的不去,新的不来,我们将翻开新的一页。
之情,得到审美的愉悦。
园林中没有奇石,反而是不可想象的了。
奇石或采于山间如灵璧,或取于水中如太胡,并非因其材质若宝石之高贵,而在于形状奇异超过人的想象,所谓“鬼斧神工”让人惊异于大自然的奇妙,从而得到审美的愉悦。
也有很多木质器物,多取树根的天然奇崛,为镇纸,为笔架,为笔筒,为花插,或仅作摆件赏玩。
无论“木者”还是“石者”,强调的是不俟人力。
没有人的干涉,亦即所谓天然的“雕饰”。
这也许可以称之为中国式的一种“雕塑”,只不过这种立体的艺术,崇尚的不是艺术家的雕琢,恰恰相反,它要求的是人的绝不加以干涉。
换言之,这种艺术需要的不是创造美的双手,而是发现美的双眼,这是用所谓“眼光”创造的艺术。
⑦几案上的奇石也有类于奇峦叠嶂者,与庭园中的叠石成山,背后皆衬以粉壁,黑白映照,也恰是水墨画的意境。
人居之外,极目更远处,则是真山真水,蓝天白云可为背景,是最大的画幅一一“天开图画即江山”(黄庭坚诗)。
从天地到庭园到堂室到几案,层层与山水相遇,处处与自然共处,这就是中国传统的文化生活方式。
2017年上海高考春考卷(精确回忆版)
专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 高中物理中,下列哪个物理量是标量?A. 速度B. 力C. 位移D. 质量2. 在化学反应中,下列哪种变化表示放热反应?A. 燃烧B. 光合作用C. 碘与淀粉反应D. 氨水吸收二氧化碳3. 下列哪种细胞器在动物细胞中不存在?A. 内质网B. 高尔基体C. 叶绿体D. 线粒体4. 下列哪个元素是人体内含量最多的金属元素?A. 钙B. 铁C. 钾D. 镁5. 在地球上的四种基本地貌类型中,下列哪个类型是由内力作用主导形成的?A. 山地B. 河谷C. 沙漠D. 海岸二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. 物体做匀速圆周运动时,速度大小不变,但速度方向时刻在改变。
()2. 生物学上,种群是指同一物种在同一地区内的所有个体总和。
()3. 在酸碱中和反应中,酸和碱的摩尔比一定是1:1。
()4. 地球自转产生的地理现象包括昼夜更替和时差。
()5. 热力学第一定律表明,能量可以从一种形式完全转化为另一种形式,不产生任何损失。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. 物体在水平面上受到两个力的作用,当这两个力的大小相等、方向相反时,物体将处于______状态。
2. 化学反应速率的单位通常是______/______。
3. 细胞膜的主要成分是______和______。
4. 地球的外部圈层包括______、______和______。
5. 在DNA分子中,碱基对之间的连接方式是______。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 简述牛顿第三定律的内容。
2. 什么是温室效应?列举两个导致温室效应的主要气体。
3. 简述植物细胞和动物细胞的区别。
4. 解释什么是氧化还原反应。
5. 简述地球自转和公转的周期。
五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)1. 一辆汽车以20m/s的速度行驶,突然刹车,加速度为5m/s²,求汽车停止前行驶的距离。
2. 在一定温度下,将0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液与0.1mol/L的HCl 溶液等体积混合,计算混合后溶液的pH值。
上海市春季2017年高考试卷(数学、语文含答案).
2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷一.填空题(本大题共12题,满分48分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分)1.设集合A={1,2,3},集合B={3,4},则A∪B=.2.不等式|x﹣1|<3的解集为.3.若复数z满足2﹣1=3+6i(i是虚数单位),则z=.4.若,则=.5.若关于x、y的方程组无解,则实数a=.6.若等差数列{a n}的前5项的和为25,则a1+a5=.7.若P、Q是圆x2+y2﹣2x+4y+4=0上的动点,则|PQ|的最大值为.8.已知数列{a n}的通项公式为,则=.9.若的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729,则该展开式中常数项的值为.10.设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,点P在该椭圆上,则使得△F1F2P 是等腰三角形的点P的个数是.11.设a1、a2、…、a6为1、2、3、4、5、6的一个排列,则满足|a1﹣a2|+|a3﹣a4|+|a5﹣a6|=3的不同排列的个数为.12.设a、b∈R,若函数在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,则f(1)的取值范围为.二.选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13.函数f(x)=(x﹣1)2的单调递增区间是()A.[0,+∞)B.[1,+∞)C.(﹣∞,0]D.(﹣∞,1]14.设a∈R,“a>0”是“”的()条件.A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要15.过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是()A.三角形B.长方形C.对角线不相等的菱形D.六边形16.如图所示,正八边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8的边长为2,若P为该正八边形边上的动点,则的取值范围为()A.B.C.D.三.解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17.(12分)如图,长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,AB=BC=2,AA1=3;(1)求四棱锥A1﹣ABCD的体积;(2)求异面直线A1C与DD1所成角的大小.18.(12分)设a∈R,函数;(1)求a的值,使得f(x)为奇函数;(2)若对任意x∈R成立,求a的取值范围.19.(12分)某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道M1、M2(宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知AB⊥AC,AB=AC=AD=60(单位:米),要求圆M1与AB、AD分别相切于点B、D,圆M2与AC、AD分别相切于点C、D;(1)若∠BAD=60°,求圆M1、M2的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道M1与M2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆M1、M2的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)20.(12分)已知双曲线(b>0),直线l:y=kx+m(km≠0),l与Γ交于P、Q两点,P'为P关于y轴的对称点,直线P'Q与y轴交于点N(0,n);(1)若点(2,0)是Γ的一个焦点,求Γ的渐近线方程;(2)若b=1,点P的坐标为(﹣1,0),且,求k的值;(3)若m=2,求n关于b的表达式.21.(12分)已知函数f(x)=log2;(1)解方程f(x)=1;(2)设x∈(﹣1,1),a∈(1,+∞),证明:∈(﹣1,1),且f()﹣f(x)=﹣f();=(﹣1)n+1,n∈N*,求x1的(3)设数列{x n}中,x1∈(﹣1,1),x n+1取值范围,使得x3≥x n对任意n∈N*成立.2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题(本大题共12题,满分48分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分)1.设集合A={1,2,3},集合B={3,4},则A∪B={1,2,3,4} .【考点】并集及其运算.【分析】根据集合的并集的定义求出A、B的并集即可.【解答】解:集合A={1,2,3},集合B={3,4},则A∪B={1,2,3,4},故答案为:{1,2,3,4}.【点评】本题考查了集合的并集的定义以及运算,是一道基础题.2.不等式|x﹣1|<3的解集为(﹣2,4).【考点】绝对值不等式的解法.【分析】根据绝对值的性质去掉绝对值,求出不等式的解集即可.【解答】解:∵|x﹣1|<3,∴﹣3<x﹣1<3,∴﹣2<x<4,故不等式的解集是(﹣2,4),故答案为:(﹣2,4).【点评】本题考查了解绝对值不等式问题,是一道基础题.3.若复数z满足2﹣1=3+6i(i是虚数单位),则z=2﹣3i.【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算.【分析】直接利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简得答案.【解答】解:∵2﹣1=3+6i,∴,则,∴z=2﹣3i .故答案为:2﹣3i .【点评】本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算,考查复数的基本概念,是基础题.4.若,则= . 【考点】运用诱导公式化简求值. 【分析】由已知利用诱导公式即可化简求值.【解答】解:∵,∴=﹣cosα=﹣.故答案为:﹣.【点评】本题主要考查了诱导公式在三角函数化简求值中的应用,属于基础题.5.若关于x 、y 的方程组无解,则实数a= 6 .【考点】根的存在性及根的个数判断.【分析】把方程组无解转化为两条直线无交点,然后结合两直线平行与系数的关系列式求得a 值.【解答】解:若关于x 、y 的方程组无解,说明两直线x +2y ﹣4=0与3x +ay ﹣6=0无交点.则,解得:a=6.故答案为:6.【点评】本题考查根的存在性与根的个数判断,考查数学转化思想方法,是中档题.6.若等差数列{a n }的前5项的和为25,则a 1+a 5= 10 .【考点】等差数列的前n 项和.【分析】由等差数列前n项和公式得=25,由此能求出a1+a5.【解答】解:∵等差数列{a n}的前5项的和为25,∴=25,∴a1+a5=25×=10.故答案为:10.【点评】本题考查等差数列中两项和的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意等差数列的性质的合理运用.7.若P、Q是圆x2+y2﹣2x+4y+4=0上的动点,则|PQ|的最大值为2.【考点】直线与圆的位置关系.【分析】圆x2+y2﹣2x+4y+4=0,可化为(x﹣1)2+(y+2)2=1,|PQ|的最大值为直径长.【解答】解:圆x2+y2﹣2x+4y+4=0,可化为(x﹣1)2+(y+2)2=1,∵P、Q是圆x2+y2﹣2x+4y+4=0上的动点,∴|PQ|的最大值为2,故答案为2.【点评】本题考查圆的方程,考查学生的计算能力,比较基础.8.已知数列{a n}的通项公式为,则=.【考点】等比数列的前n项和;极限及其运算.【分析】利用等比数列的求和公式,结合极限,即可得出结论.【解答】解:==,故答案为:.【点评】本题考查等比数列的求和公式,考查极限方法,属于中档题.9.若的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729,则该展开式中常数项的值为160.【考点】二项式系数的性质.【分析】令x=1,由题意可得:3n=729,解得n.再利用二项式定理的通项公式即可得出.【解答】解:令x=1,由题意可得:3n=729,解得n=6.=2r C6r x6﹣2r,∴展开式的通项公式为:T r+1令6﹣2r=0,解得r=3,∴其展开式中常数项=8×20=160,故答案为:160.【点评】本题考查了二项式定理的应用,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.10.设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,点P在该椭圆上,则使得△F1F2P 是等腰三角形的点P的个数是6.【考点】椭圆的简单性质.【分析】如图所示,①当点P与短轴的顶点重合时,△F1F2P构成以F1F2为底边的等腰三角形,此时有2个.②当△F1F2P构成以F1F2为一腰的等腰三角形时,共有4个.【解答】解:如图所示,①当点P与短轴的顶点重合时,△F1F2P构成以F1F2为底边的等腰三角形,此种情况有2个满足条件的等腰△F1F2P;②当△F1F2P构成以F1F2为一腰的等腰三角形时,共有4个.以F2P作为等腰三角形的底边为例,∵F1F2=F1P,∴点P在以F1为圆心,半径为焦距2c的圆上因此,当以F1为圆心,半径为2c的圆与椭圆C有2交点时,存在2个满足条件的等腰△F1F2P.同理可得:当以F2为圆心,半径为2c的圆与椭圆C有2交点时,存在2个满足条件的等腰△F1F2P.综上可得:满足条件的使得△F1F2P是等腰三角形的点P的个数为6.故答案为:6.【点评】本题考查了椭圆的标准方程及其性质、直线与椭圆相交问题、等腰三角形,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.11.设a1、a2、…、a6为1、2、3、4、5、6的一个排列,则满足|a1﹣a2|+|a3﹣a4|+|a5﹣a6|=3的不同排列的个数为48.【考点】排列、组合的实际应用.【分析】根据题意,分析可得需要将1、2、3、4、5、6分成3组,其中1和2,3和4,5和6必须在一组,进而分2步进行分析:首先分析每种2个数之间的顺序,再将分好的三组对应三个绝对值,最后由分步计数原理计算可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,若|a1﹣a2|+|a3﹣a4|+|a5﹣a6|=3,则|a1﹣a2|=|a3﹣a4|=|a5﹣a6|=1,需要将1、2、3、4、5、6分成3组,其中1和2,3和4,5和6必须在一组,每组2个数,考虑其顺序,有A22种情况,三组共有A22×A22×A22=8种顺序,将三组全排列,对应三个绝对值,有A33=6种情况,则不同排列的个数为8×6=48;故答案为:48.【点评】本题考查排列、组合的应用,注意分析1、2、3、4、5、6如何排列时,能满足|a1﹣a2|+|a3﹣a4|+|a5﹣a6|=3.12.设a、b∈R,若函数在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,则f(1)的取值范围为(0,1).【考点】函数零点的判定定理.【分析】函数在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,即方程x2+bx+a=0在区间(1,2)上两个不相等的实根,⇒⇒画出数对(a,b)所表示的区域,求出目标函数z=f(1)═a+b+1的范围即可.【解答】解:函数在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,即方程x2+bx+a=0在区间(1,2)上两个不相等的实根,⇒⇒,如图画出数对(a,b)所表示的区域,目标函数z=f(1)═a+b+1∴z的最小值为z=a+b+1过点(1,﹣2)时,z的最大值为z=a+b+1过点(4,﹣4)时∴f(1)的取值范围为(0,1)故答案为:(0,1)【点评】本题是函数零点的考查,涉及到规划问题的结合,属于难题.二.选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)13.函数f(x)=(x﹣1)2的单调递增区间是()A.[0,+∞)B.[1,+∞)C.(﹣∞,0]D.(﹣∞,1]【考点】函数的单调性及单调区间.【分析】根据二次函数的性质求出函数的递增区间即可.【解答】解:函数f(x)的对称轴是x=1,开口向上,故f(x)在[1,+∞)递增,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的性质,是一道基础题.14.设a∈R,“a>0”是“”的()条件.A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充要D.既非充分也非必要【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断.【分析】根据充分必要条件的定义判断即可.【解答】解:由,解得:a>0,故a>0”是“”的充要条件,故选:C.【点评】本题考查了充分必要条件,考查不等式问题,是一道基础题.15.过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是()A.三角形B.长方形C.对角线不相等的菱形D.六边形【考点】平行投影及平行投影作图法.【分析】根据截面经过几个面得到的截面就是几边形判断即可.【解答】解:过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面,至少与正方体的四个面相交,所以不可能是三角形,故选:A.【点评】解决本题的关键是理解截面经过几个面得到的截面就是几边形.16.如图所示,正八边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8的边长为2,若P为该正八边形边上的动点,则的取值范围为()A.B.C.D.【考点】平面向量数量积的运算.【分析】由题意求出以A1为起点,以其它顶点为向量的模,再由正弦函数的单调性及值域可得当P与A8重合时,取最小值,求出最小值,结合选项得答案.【解答】解:由题意,正八边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8的每一个内角为135°,且,,,.再由正弦函数的单调性及值域可得,当P与A8重合时,最小为==.结合选项可得的取值范围为.故选:B.【点评】本题考查平面向量的数量积运算,考查数形结合的解题思想方法,属中档题.三.解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17.(12分)(2017•上海模拟)如图,长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,AB=BC=2,AA1=3;(1)求四棱锥A1﹣ABCD的体积;(2)求异面直线A1C与DD1所成角的大小.【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积;异面直线及其所成的角.【分析】(1)四棱锥A1﹣ABCD的体积=,由此能求出结果.(2)由DD1∥CC1,知∠A1CC1是异面直线A1C与DD1所成角(或所成角的补角),由此能求出异面直线A1C与DD1所成角的大小.【解答】解:(1)∵长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,AB=BC=2,AA1=3,∴四棱锥A1﹣ABCD的体积:====4.(2)∵DD1∥CC1,∴∠A1CC1是异面直线A1C与DD1所成角(或所成角的补角),∵tan∠A1CC1===,∴=.∴异面直线A1C与DD1所成角的大小为;【点评】本题考查三棱锥的体积的求法,考查异面直线所成角的求法,是中档题,解题时要认真审题,注空间思维能力的培养.18.(12分)(2017•上海模拟)设a∈R,函数;(1)求a的值,使得f(x)为奇函数;(2)若对任意x∈R成立,求a的取值范围.【考点】函数恒成立问题;函数奇偶性的性质.【分析】(1)由f(x)在R上为奇函数,可得f(0)=0,解方程可得a的值,检验即可;(2)由题意可得即为<恒成立,等价为<,即有2(a﹣1)<a(2x+1),讨论a=0,a>0,a<0,由参数分离,求得右边的范围,运用恒成立思想即可得到a的范围.【解答】解:(1)由f(x)的定义域为R,且f(x)为奇函数,可得f(0)=0,即有=0,解得a=﹣1.则f(x)=,f(﹣x)===﹣f(x),则a=﹣1满足题意;(2)对任意x∈R成立,即为<恒成立,等价为<,即有2(a﹣1)<a(2x+1),当a=0时,﹣1<0恒成立;当a>0时,<2x+1,由2x+1>1,可得≤1,解得0<a≤2;当a<0时,>2x+1不恒成立.综上可得,a的取值范围是[0,2].【点评】本题考查函数的奇偶性的运用:求参数的值,考查不等式恒成立问题的解法,注意运用分类讨论和参数分离的思想方法,考查运算能力,属于中档题.19.(12分)(2017•上海模拟)某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道M1、M2(宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知AB⊥AC,AB=AC=AD=60(单位:米),要求圆M1与AB、AD分别相切于点B、D,圆M2与AC、AD分别相切于点C、D;(1)若∠BAD=60°,求圆M1、M2的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道M1与M2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆M1、M2的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)【考点】直线与圆的位置关系.【分析】(1)直接利用三角函数,可得结论;(2)设∠BAD=2α,则总造价y=0.8•2π•60tanα+0.9•2π•60tan(45°﹣α),换元,利用基本不等式,可得结论.【解答】解:(1)M1半径=60tan30°≈34.6,M2半径=60tan15°≈16.1;(2)设∠BAD=2α,则总造价y=0.8•2π•60tanα+0.9•2π•60tan(45°﹣α),设1+tanα=x,则y=12π•(8x+﹣17)≥84π,当且仅当x=,tanα=时,取等号,∴M1半径30,M2半径20,造价42.0千元.【点评】本题考查直线与圆的位置关系,考查基本不等式的运用,属于中档题.20.(12分)(2017•上海模拟)已知双曲线(b>0),直线l:y=kx+m(km≠0),l与Γ交于P、Q两点,P'为P关于y轴的对称点,直线P'Q 与y轴交于点N(0,n);(1)若点(2,0)是Γ的一个焦点,求Γ的渐近线方程;(2)若b=1,点P的坐标为(﹣1,0),且,求k的值;(3)若m=2,求n关于b的表达式.【考点】双曲线的简单性质.【分析】(1)由双曲线(b>0),点(2,0)是Γ的一个焦点,求出c=2,a=1,由此能求出Γ的标准方程,从而能求出Γ的渐近线方程.(2)双曲线Γ为:x2﹣y2=1,由定比分点坐标公式,结合已知条件能求出k的值.(3)设P(x1,y1),Q(x2,y2),k PQ=k0,则,由,得(b2﹣k2)x2﹣4kx﹣4﹣b2=0,由,得()x2﹣2k0nx﹣n2﹣b2=0,由此利用韦达定理,结合已知条件能求出n关于b的表达式.【解答】解:(1)∵双曲线(b>0),点(2,0)是Γ的一个焦点,∴c=2,a=1,∴b2=c2﹣a2=4﹣1=3,∴Γ的标准方程为:=1,Γ的渐近线方程为.(2)∵b=1,∴双曲线Γ为:x2﹣y2=1,P(﹣1,0),P′(1,0),∵=,设Q(x2,y2),则有定比分点坐标公式,得:,解得,∵,∴,∴=.(3)设P(x1,y1),Q(x2,y2),k PQ=k0,则,由,得(b2﹣k2)x2﹣4kx﹣4﹣b2=0,,,由,得()x2﹣2k0nx﹣n2﹣b2=0,﹣x1+x2=,﹣x1x2=,∴x1x2==,即,即=,====,化简,得2n2+n(4+b2)+2b2=0,∴n=﹣2或n=,当n=﹣2,由=,得2b2=k2+k02,由,得,即Q(,),代入x2﹣=1,化简,得:,解得b2=4或b2=kk0,当b2=4时,满足n=,当b2=kk0时,由2b2=k2+k02,得k=k0(舍去),综上,得n=.【点评】本题考查双曲线的渐近线的求法,考查直线的斜率的求法,考查n关于b的表达式的求法,是中档题,解题时要认真审题,注意双曲线、直线、韦达定理的合理运用.21.(12分)(2017•上海模拟)已知函数f(x)=log2;(1)解方程f(x)=1;(2)设x∈(﹣1,1),a∈(1,+∞),证明:∈(﹣1,1),且f()﹣f(x)=﹣f();=(﹣1)n+1,n∈N*,求x1的(3)设数列{x n}中,x1∈(﹣1,1),x n+1取值范围,使得x3≥x n对任意n∈N*成立.【考点】函数与方程的综合运用.【分析】(1)根据对数运算性质得=2,从而解出x的值;(2)令g(x)=,判断g(x)的单调性得出g(x)的值域,根据对数的运算性质化简即可证明f()﹣f(x)=﹣f();)与f(x n)的关系,判断f(x n)的周期,(3)利用(2)中的结论得出f(x n+1分别用f(x1)表示出f(x2),f(x3),f(x4),根据f(x)的单调性得出,从而求出f(x1)的范围,继而解出x1的范围.【解答】解:(1)∵f(x)=log2=1,∴=2,解得;(2)令g(x)=,则g′(x)==.∵a∈(1,+∞),∴g′(x)>0,∴g(x)在(﹣1,1)上是增函数,又g(﹣1)=,g(1)==1,∴﹣1<g(x)<1,即∈(﹣1,1).∵f(x)﹣f()=log2﹣log2=log2﹣log2=log2()=log2,f()=log2=log2.∴f()=f(x)﹣f(),∴f()﹣f(x)=﹣f().(3)∵f(x)的定义域为(﹣1,1),f(﹣x)=log2=﹣log2=﹣f(x),∴f(x)是奇函数.=(﹣1)n+1,∵x n+1=.∴x n+1)=f()=f(x n)﹣f()=f(x n)﹣1,①当n为奇数时,f(x n+1)=f(x n)﹣1;∴f(x n+1)=f(﹣)=﹣f()=1﹣f(x n),②当n为偶数时,f(x n+1)=1﹣f(x n).∴f(x n+1∴f(x2)=f(x1)﹣1,f(x3)=1﹣f(x2)=2﹣f(x1),f(x4)=f(x3)﹣1=1﹣f (x1),f(x5)=1﹣f(x4)=f(x1),f(x6)=f(x5)﹣1=f(x1)﹣1,…),n∈N+.∴f(x n)=f(x n+4设h(x)=,则h′(x)==>0,∴h(x)在(﹣1,1)上是增函数,∴f(x)=log2=log2h(x)在(﹣1,1)上是增函数.∵x3≥x n对任意n∈N*成立,∴f(x3)≥f(x n)恒成立,∴,即,解得:f(x1)≤1,即log2≤1,∴0<≤2,解得:﹣1<x1≤.【点评】本题考查了对数的运算性质,复合函数的单调性,不等式的解法,属于难题.2017年上海市春季高考语文试卷一积累应用(l0分)1.按要求填空。
2017年上海市普通高等学校春季高考数学试卷
2017年全国普通高等学校春季招生统一考试上海卷数学考生注意:1. 答卷前, 考生务必在答题纸上将姓名、高考准考证号填写清楚, 并在规定的区域内贴上条形码.2. 本试卷共有23道试题, 满分150分. 考试时间20分钟.一. 真空题(本大题满分54分)本大题有12题, 考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接写结果, 第1~6题每题4分, 第7~12题每题5分, 每个空格填对得分, 否则一律得零分. 1. 设集合{1,2,3}A =, 集合{3,4}B =, 则A B =U ________. ; 2. 不等式|1|3x -<的解集为________. ;3. 若复数z 满足2136z i -=+(i 是虚数单位), 则z =________. ;4. 若1cos 3a =, 则sin()2pa -=________. ; 5. 若关于x 、y 的方程组2436x y x ay ìï+=ïíï+=ïî无解, 则实数a =________. ; 6. 若等差数列{}n a 的前5项的和为25, 则15a a +=________. ;7. 若P 、Q 是圆222440x y x y +-++=上的动点, 则||PQ 的最大值为________. ; 8. 已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为3n n a =, 则123limnn na a a a a+++鬃?=________. ;9. 若2()n x x+的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729, 则该展开式中常数项的值为________. ;10. 设椭圆2212x y +=的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F , 点P 在该椭圆上, 则使得△12F F P 是等腰三角形的点P 的个数是________. ;11. 设1a 、2a 、…、6a 为1.2. 3.4. 5.6的一个排列, 则满足1234||||a a a a -+-+56||3a a -=的不同排列的个数为________. ;12. 设a 、b R Î, 若函数()af x x b x=++在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点, 则(1)f 的取 值范围为________. ;二. 选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题, 每题有且只有一个正确答案, 考生应在答题纸的相应编号上, 将代表答案的小方格涂黑, 选对得5分, 否则一律得零分. 13. 函数2()(1)f x x =-的单调递增区间是()A. [0,)+?B. [1,)+?C. (,0]-?D. (,1]-?14. 设a R Î,“0a >”是“10a>”的()条件 A. 充分非必要 B. 必要非充分 C. 充要 D. 既非充分也非必要15. 过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中, 不可能的图形是()A. 三角形B. 长方形C. 对角线不相等的菱形D. 六边形16. 如图所示, 正八边形12345678A A A A A A A A 的边长为2, 若P 为该正八边形边上的动点, 则131A A A P ×uuu u r uuu r的取值范围为()A. [0,8+B. [8-+________.C. [8-- D . [88--+三. 解答题(本大题满分76分)本大题共5题, 解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应的编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤17. 如图, 长方体1111A BCD A B C D -中, 2AB BC ==, 13A A =; (1)求四棱锥1A ABCD -的体积; (2)求异面直线1A C 与1DD 所成角的大小;18. 设a R Î, 函数2()21x x af x +=+; (1)求a 的值, 使得()f x 为奇函数; (2)若2()2a f x +<对任意x R Î成立, 求a 的取值范围;19. 某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道1M 、2M (宽度忽略不计), 如图所示, 已知A B A C ^,60AB AC AD ===(单位: 米), 要求圆1M 与AB 、AD 分别相切于点B 、D , 圆2M 与AC 、AD 分别相切于点C 、D ; (1)若60BA D°?, 求圆1M 、2M 的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道1M 与2M 的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元, 如何设计圆1M 、2M 的大小, 使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)20. 已知双曲线222:1y x bG -=(0)b >, 直线:l y kx m =+(0)km ¹, l 与G 交于P 、Q 两点, P ¢为P 关于y 轴的对称点, 直线P Q ¢与y 轴交于点(0,)N n ; (1)若点(2,0)是G 的一个焦点, 求G 的渐近线方程;(2)若1b =, 点P 的坐标为(1,0)-, 且32NP P Q =ⅱuuu u r uuur, 求k 的值;(3)若2m =, 求n 关于b 的表达式;21. 已知函数21()log 1xf x x+=-;(1)解方程()1f x =;(2)设(1,1)x ?, (1,)a ??, 证明:1(1,1)ax a x -?-, 且11()()()ax f f x f a x a--=--; (3)设数列{}n x 中, 1(1,1)x ?, 1131(1)3n n n nx x x ++-=--, *n N Î, 求1x 的取值范围, 使 得3n x x ³对任意*n N Î成立;2017年上海春考数学参考答案第一部分、填选第二部分、简答题(本大题共5题, 共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. (1)4. (2)18. (1)a=﹣1. (2)[0, 2].19. (12分)某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道M1. M2(宽度忽略不计), 如图所示, 已知AB ⊥AC, AB=AC=AD=60(单位: 米), 要求圆M1与AB, AD 分别相切于点B, D, 圆M2与AC, AD 分别相切于点C, D;(1)若∠BAD=60°, 求圆M1. M2的半径(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道M1与M2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元, 如何设计圆M1. M2的大小, 使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)解: (1)M1半径=60tan30°≈34.6, M2半径=60tan15°≈16.1;(2)设∠BAD=2α, 则总造价y=0.8•2π•60tan α+0.9•2π•60tan (45°﹣α), 设1+tan α=x, 则y=12π•(8x+﹣17)≥84π,当且仅当x=, tan α=时, 取等号, ∴M1半径30, M2半径20, 造价42.0千元. 20. (12分)已知双曲线(b 》0), 直线l: y=kx+m (km ≠0), l 与Γ交于P, Q 两点, P‘为P 关于y 轴的对称点, 直线P ’Q 与y 轴交于点N (0, n ); (1)若点(2, 0)是Γ的一个焦点, 求Γ的渐近线方程;(2)若b=1, 点P 的坐标为(﹣1, 0), 且, 求k 的值;(3)若m=2, 求n 关于b 的表达式. 解: (1)∵双曲线(b 》0), 点(2, 0)是Γ的一个焦点,∴c=2, a=1, ∴b2=c2﹣a2=4﹣1=3,12345 6{1,2,3,4} (2,4)- 23i -13-6107 8 9 1011 12232 160 6 48 (0,1)13 14 15 16 BCAB∴Γ的标准方程为: =1, Γ的渐近线方程为. (2)∵b=1, ∴双曲线Γ为: x2﹣y2=1, P(﹣1, 0), P′(1, 0), ∵=, 设Q(x2, y2), 则有定比分点坐标公式, 得:, 解得, ∵, ∴,∴=.(3)设P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2), kPQ=k0,则,由, 得(b2﹣k2)x2﹣4kx﹣4﹣b2=0,, ,由, 得()x2﹣2k0nx﹣n2﹣b2=0,﹣x1+x2=, ﹣x1x2=,∴x1x2==, 即, 即=, ====,化简, 得2n2+n(4+b2)+2b2=0, ∴n=﹣2或n=,当n=﹣2, 由=, 得2b2=k2+k02,由, 得,即Q (, ), 代入x2﹣=1, 化简, 得:, 解得b2=4或b2=kk0,当b2=4时, 满足n=,当b2=kk0时, 由2b2=k2+k02, 得k=k0(舍去), 综上, 得n=.21. (12分)已知函数f (x )=log2;(1)解方程f (x )=1;(2)设x ∈(﹣1, 1), a ∈(1, +∞), 证明:∈(﹣1, 1), 且f ()﹣f (x )=﹣f ();(3)设数列{xn}中, x1∈(﹣1, 1), xn+1=(﹣1)n+1, n ∈N*, 求x1的取值范围, 使得x3≥xn对任意n ∈N*成立. 解: (1)∵f (x )=log2=1, ∴=2, 解得;令g (x )=,21()a g x a x a-=-+-∵a ∈(1, +∞), ∴g (x )在(﹣1, 1)上是增函数,又g (﹣1)=, g (1)==1,∴﹣1《g (x )《1, 即∈(﹣1, 1).∵f (x )﹣f ()=log2﹣log2=log2﹣log2=log2()=log2,f ()=log2=log2.∴f ()=f (x )﹣f (), ∴f ()﹣f (x )=﹣f ().(3)∵f (x )的定义域为(﹣1, 1),f (﹣x )=log2=﹣log2=﹣f (x ), ∴f (x )是奇函数.∵xn+1=(﹣1)n+1, ∴xn+1=.①当n 为奇数时, f (xn+1)=f ()=f (xn )﹣f ()=f (xn )﹣1,∴f (xn+1)=f (xn )﹣1; ②当n 为偶数时, f (xn+1)=f (﹣)=﹣f ()=1﹣f (xn ),∴f (xn+1)=1﹣f (xn ).∴f (x2)=f (x1)﹣1, f (x3)=1﹣f (x2)=2﹣f (x1), f (x4)=f (x3)﹣1=1﹣f (x1), f (x5)=1﹣f (x4)=f (x1), f (x6)=f (x5)﹣1=f (x1)﹣1, …∴f (xn )=f (xn+4), n ∈N+.设12()111x h x x x +==---- ∴h (x )在(﹣1, 1)上是增函数,∴f (x )=log2=log2h (x )在(﹣1, 1)上是增函数.∵x3≥xn 对任意n ∈N*成立, ∴f (x3)≥f (xn )恒成立,∴, 即,解得: f (x1)≤1, 即log2≤1, ∴0《≤2, 解得: ﹣1《x1≤.。
2017届上海春季高考数学试题答卷word版附参考答案
精心整理2017 年上海市春天高考数学试卷2017.1一. 填空 (本大 共12 , 分 54 分,第 1~6 每 4 分,第 7~12 每 5 分)1. 会合 A{1,2,3} ,会合 B{3,4} , AB ;2. 不等式 | x 1| 3的解集 ;3. 若复数 z 足 2z 1 3 6i ( i 是虚数 位), z;4. 若 cos1, sin() ;325. 若对于 x 、 y 的方程x 2 y 4 ;3x ay 无解, 数 a66. 若等差数列 { a n } 的前 5 的和 25, a 1 a 5 ;7. 若 P 、 Q 是 x 2y 22x 4 y 4 0 上的 点, | PQ |的最大 ;8. 已知数列 { a n } 的通 公式 a n3n , lima 1 a 2 a 3a n ;na n9. 若(x2 n 的二 睁开式的各 系数之和 , 睁开式中常数 的 ;)729x10.x 2y 2 1的左、右焦点分 F 1 、 F 2 ,点 P 在 上, 使得△ F 1F 2 P 是2等腰三角形的点 P 的个数是;11. a 1 、 a 2 、⋯、 a 6 1、2、3、4、5、6 的一个摆列, 足 | a 1 a 2 | | a 3a 4 || a 5 a 6 | 3 的不一样摆列的个数 ;12. a 、 bR ,若函数 f ( x)xaf (1) 的取b 在区 (1,2) 上有两个不一样的零点,x范 ;二. (本大 共4 ,每5 分,共 20 分)13. 函数 f (x) ( x 1)2 的 增区 是()A. [0, )B. [1, )C.( ,0]D. ( ,1]14. aR ,“ a0”是“10 ”的()条件aA. 充足非必需B. 必需非充足C. 充要D.既非充足也非必需15. 正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不行能的 形是() A. 三角形 B. 方形 C. 角 不相等的菱形 D.六 形脚内容精心整理16. 如下图,正八边形 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 的边长为 2,若 P 为该正八边形边上的动点,则 A 1 A 3 A 1 P 的取值范围为()A. [0,8 6 2]B. [ 2 2,8 6 2]C. [ 8 6 2, 2 2]D. [ 8 62,8 62]三 . 解答题(本大题共 5 题,共 14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. 如图,长方体 ABCDA 1B 1C 1D 1 中, AB BC 2 , AA 1 3 ;(1)求四棱锥 A 1ABCD 的体积;(2)求异面直线 A 1C 与 DD 1 所成角的大小;18. 设 a R ,函数 f (x)2x a ;2x 1(1)求 a 的值,使得 f ( x) 为奇函数;(2)若 f (x)a2对随意 xR 建立,求 a 的取值范围;219. 某景区欲建筑两条圆形观景步道 M 1 、 M 2 (宽度忽视不计),如下图,已知AB AC ,ABAC AD 60 (单位:米),要求圆 M 1 与 AB 、 AD 分别相切于点 B 、D ,圆 M 2 与 AC 、AD 分别相切于点 C 、D ;(1)若BAD60 ,求圆 M 1 、 M 2 的半径(结果精准到 0.1 米)(2)若观景步道 M 1 与 M 2 的造价分别为每米 0.8 千元与每米 0.9 千元,怎样设计圆 M 1 、M 2 的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精准到0.1 千元)20. 已知双曲线2y 2交于 P 、 : xb21 (b 0) ,直线 l : y kxQ 两点, P 为 P 对于 y 轴的对称点,直线 P Q 与 y 轴交于点(1)若点 (2,0) 是 的一个焦点,求 的渐近线方程;(2)若 b 1,点 P 的坐标为 ( 1,0) ,且 NP3P Q ,求 k 的值;2(3)若 m 2 ,求 n 对于 b 的表达式 .21. 已知函数 f ( x)log 2 1 x ;1 x (1)解方程 f ( x) 1 ;(2)设 x( 1,1) , a(1, ) ,证明:ax 1 ax 1 1;ax( 1,1),且 f ()f (x)f ( )a xa页脚内容精心整理(3)设数列 { x n } 中, x 1 ( 1,1), x n 1( 1)n 13x n1, n N * ,求 x 1 的取值范围,使3 x n得 x 3 x n 对随意 n N * 建立 .参照答案一. 填空题1. { 1,2,3,4}2. ( 2,4)3. 2 3i4.137.28.39.16010.611.4812. (0,32 2)2二. 选择题三. 解答题17. (1) 4 ;( 2) arctan2 2;318. (1) a 1 ;( 2) [0,2] ;19. (1) M 1 半径 34.6 , M 2 半径 16.1;( 2) M 1 半径 30, M 2 半径 20,造价 42.0 千元;20. (1) y3x ;( 2)1 ;( )略;k 2321. (1) x1;( 2)略;( 3)略;3页脚内容。
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2017 年上海市春季高考试卷
2017.01
一.填空题(本大题共 12 题,满分 54 分,第 1-6 题每题 4 分,第 7-12 题每题 5
分)
1.设集合 A = {1, 2, 3} ,集合 B = {3, 4} ,则 A B =
2.不等式 x - 1 < 3 的解集为
.
3.若复数 z 满足 2 z - 1 = 3 + 6i ( i 是虚数单位),则 z =
4.若 cos α = 1 ,则 sin(α - π ) =
.
3 2
5.若关于 x 、y ⎧x + 2 y = 4 无解,则实数 a =
的方程组 ⎨ 6 实数 3 x + ay = ⎩
.
.
.
6.若等差数列 {a n } 的前 5 项的和为 25,则
a 1 + a 5 =
. 7. 若 为
P 、Q 是 圆
.
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y + 4 = 0 上 的 动 点 , 则 PQ 的 最 大 值 8.已知数列
{a n } 的通项公式为 a n = 3 ,则 lim
a
1
+ a 2
+ + a
n =
n
n →∞
a n
.
9. 若
为
⎛ x + ⎝ 2 x ⎫ n ⎪ ⎭ .
的二项式的各项系数之和为 729 ,则该展开式中常数项的值
10.设椭圆 x 2
2
+ y 2 = 1 的左右焦点分别为 F 1、F 2 ,点 P 在该椭圆上,则使得
∆PF 1 F 2 是等腰三角形的点 11. 设 a 1、a 2、、a n 为 P 的个数是
1 、
2 、
3 、
4 、
5 、 .
6 的 一 个 排 列 , 则 满 足
a 1 - a 2 + a 3 - a 4 + a 5 - a 6
12.设 a 、b ∈ R ,若函数 f (
= x ) 3 的不同排列的个数是 = x + a + b 在区间 (1, 2 ) x
.
上有二个不同的零点,则 ( )
.
f 1 的取值范围为
二.选择题(本大题共 4 题,每题 5 分,共 20 分)
13.函数 f ( x ) = ( x
-1) 2
的单调区间是( ) A. [0,+
14.设 a ∞ ) ∈ R ," a B. [1,+ > 0" 是"
∞) 1
>
a
0" C. ( 的( -∞, 0
]
)条件
D. (
-∞,1]
A.充分非必要
B.必要非充分
C.充要条件
D.既非充分又非必要
15.过正方形中心的平行截正方体所得的截面。
不可能的图形是(
) A.三角形
B.长方形
C.对角线不相等的菱形
D.六边形
16.如图所示,正八边形 A A A A A 1 2 3 4 5 动点,则 A A ⋅ A P 的取值范围为( 1 3
1
A.[0,8 + 2]
B.[ -2 2,8 + 6 2] A 6 A 7 A 8 )
C.[ -8
的边长为 2,若 P 为该正八边形边上的
- 6 2, 2 2] D.[ -8 - 6 2,8 + 6 2]
三.解答题(本大题共 5 小题,共 14+14+14+16+18=76 分)
17.如图,长方体 ABCD - A 1 B 1C 1 D 1
中, AB = BC = 2 , AA 1 = 3 ;
(1)求四棱锥 A 1 - ABCD 的体积;
(2)求异面直线 A 1C 与 DD 1
所成角的大小;
18.设 a ∈ R ,函数 f ( (1)求 a 的值,使得
(2)若 f ( x ) < a
+2 2
x ) = 2 x + a 2 ; x
+1
f ( x ) 为奇函数;
对任意
x ∈ R 成立,求 a 的取值范围.
2
19.某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道M 、M
2
1
(宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知
AB⊥AC ,AB = AC = AD = 60 (单位:米),要求圆M
1
与AB、AD 分别相切与B、D ,圆M 2 与AC、AD 分别相切与C、D ;
(1)若∠BAD = 60 0 ,求圆M 、M
2
1
的半径(结果精确到0.1)
(2)若观景步道M1与M2的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计
院M1与M2的大小,使得总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)
2
-
y 2
= 1(b> 0) ,直线l : y=kx+m ( km≠ 0) ,l与Γ
20.已知双曲线Γ : x
b 2
'
为P 关于Q 与y轴交于点N(0,n);
Q 两点 P y 轴的对称点,直线 P
(1)若点(2, 0)是Γ的一个交点,求Γ的渐近线方程;
'
=
3 '
Q ,求 k 的值;
(2)若b=1,点P的坐标为(-1, 0),且NP 2 P
(3)若m=2 ,求n关于b的表达式.
交于P 、
21.已知函数(1)解方程f
f
( x)
( x)
= log
1+x
2 1 - x
=1 ;
)设 x ∈(-1,1), a ∈(1,+∞) ax -1
∈(-1,1)
( 2 ,证明: a - x ,且
f⎛ ⎝ ax -1⎫
- f ( x )= - f (
1
)
⎪
a
a - x ⎭ ;
(3)设数列
{
范围,使得x
3
x
} x ∈
n 中,
≥x
n 对任意
x =
( -1,1) n+1
,
n ∈ N
* 成立。
( -1) n+1
3 x n
3 -
-1
x n ,n ∈ N * ,求x1 的取值。