英语口译基础教程 Unit 1 Introduction
英语口译基础Unit One
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Zhang: 那很好。 企业能否长期处于不败之地，很大程度上取决于他们是否已培养起一 个稳定而可信赖的客户群。而要做到这一点的最佳方法是要以正确的方式对待客户。 Interpreter: That’s Okay. The long-term success of their business depends heavily on building up a steady and reliable customer base, and the best way to do so is to treat the customers properly! Howard: We will do whatever we can to retain our customers. Interpreter: 我们会不惜运用一切手段留住我们的客户。 Zhang: 我们必须积极主动地与购买了那些不合格商品的顾客取得联系，并寄一张下次 购物使用的优惠券。我们还必须取得与新顾客之间的情感联系，以确保他们对我们客 服工作满意。 Interpreter：Let’s be pro-active (积极主动的；主动出击的；先发制人的) with the customers who bought those products. Send them a discount coupon for their next store purchase. And let’s touch bases (保持联络 ) with our other recent customers to make sure that they’re satisfied with our customer policies. Howard: I’ll get on it right away. Interpreter: 我马上去办。 Zhang: 好的，谢谢你！Howard。 Interpreter: OK. Thanks! Howard.
口译lesson1(最新整理)
第一单元口译理解第一课听取信息I. Theory and Technique: Receiving InformationII. Technique Training1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?III. Interpreting Exercise1.3 US Vice President’s speech at Fudan University1.4 王光亚在普林斯顿大学演讲的开场白1.5 Speech at inauguration of new facilityIV. Interpretation-related culture: etiquetteV. Everyday Accumulation: ClichéPart one. Receiving InformationA. Difference between normal listening comprehension practice and the listening comprehension in interpretationThe most basic difference is that in the normal listening comprehension practice, a listener is only asked to understand what he hears and make judgment, while in the interpreting environment, an interpreter is asked not only to understand but also to make logical analysis of what he hears and reorganize the information with his own words and express it through interpretation.口译时译员要兼做编辑。
英语口译基础教程-Unit-1-Introduction
KI=KL+EK+S (P+AP) 译员应该掌握的知识 =双语知识+百科知识 +技能(职业 口译技能 +艺术表达技能 )
– KI=Knowledge Required for an Interpreter – KL=Knowledge for language – EK=Encyclopedic Knowledge – S (P+AP)=Professional Interpreting Skills and
By ways: one-way interpreting 单向口译 two-way interpreting 双向口译
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Types of interpreting
By contents: guide interpreting 导游口译 ceremony interpreting 礼仪口译 information interpreting 宣传口译 conference interpreting 会议口译 negotiation interpreting 谈判口译
美 经 中美合企 2年 I 说 dif@bus. man. 中← →美// we 更 直 率 比 中←不同文传// I x 我 bus. ++ 毕 有 + & - @both // 近年 美企exe. 强: hu 中管//
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Example 2: How do you interpret?
今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。 /我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热 烈的欢迎。//
我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合 作关系作出重要的贡献。//
口译技能教程Unit1
第一部分词语练习一、汉译英1、礼乐2、特技3、首映式4、金鸡奖5、弦乐器6、管乐器7、音乐排行榜8、电影编年史9、音乐会开演时间10、电影艺术流派二、英译汉1、visual art2、arts venue3、artistic value4、arts discipline5、soothing melody6、cultural and artistic heritage7、catalogue art works8、showcase artistic excellence9、promote access to the arts10、incarnate the creativity of a people第二部分段落练习一、汉译英1、很高兴与各位共聚一堂，欣赏中国上海国际艺术节的闭幕音乐会。
今晚的压轴表演为艺术节画上完美的句号。
今年的艺术节圆满成功，每位参与者都居功至伟。
筹办这个为期四周的艺术文化盛宴，实在不是一件容易的事。
中国上海国际艺术节已连续举办了11年，而表演节目一年比一年精彩。
在金融风暴肆虐下，艺术节带来欢乐，振奋人心，让我们深深感受到艺术之美，人生之美。
另一方面，艺术节亦展现上海作为亚洲文化中心的魅力，提升我们的软实力。
我衷心感谢多年来一直大力支持艺术节的赞助机构和赞助人。
在经济艰难的时候，你们的支持无疑尤为珍贵。
2、虽然香港电影产业始于1909年，但它在20世纪50年代才进入全面发展时期，当时电影业是推动香港经济发展的一个重要产业。
香港电影当时不仅在亚洲繁荣发展，而且也为全世界所接受。
在过去的几十年中，香港电影赢得了广泛的国际认可。
许多演员、导演、摄影师和制片人已经家喻户晓。
他们以各自独特的风格、尖锐的视角和创新的情节而广受称赞。
正因为如此，单单在过去的10年内，香港电影和电影人就已获得了300多项国际奖项。
近年来，大陆香港合拍片获得了巨大的票房成功。
就拿《卧虎藏龙》这部大受欢迎的合拍片来说，它在全球的票房为4500万美元。
北交英汉翻译课件第一单元U1-Course_Introduction
CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
上半年考试报名时间：2011年2月24日至3月9 日 下半年考试报名时间：2011年8月12日至26日 考试时间：笔译综合能力和笔译实务（3级） 5月29日 /
CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
CATTI's Levels and Professional Competence Translator and Interpreter of Level 3: Candidates have rudimentary scientific and cultural knowledge and a general competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and can accomplish general translation work.
CATTI (China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters)
CATTI's Levels and Professional Competence
Translator and Interpreter of Level 2:
Candidates have some scientific and cultural knowledge, have a good competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and are capable of translating and interpreting in some areas and with some difficulties.
Lesson 1
V.口译的过程 口译的过程 The Process of Interpretation
口译的基本过程| 输入 | → | 解译 | → | 输出 | 口译过程的形式 |源语输入 | → | 语码转换|→ | 译语输出 | 口译过程的内容 |信息感知 | → | 信息处理|→ | 信息表达 | 口译过程的这三个阶段可具体分解为信息的接收, 口译过程的这三个阶段可具体分解为信息的接收, 解码,记录, 编码和表达这五个阶段:|接受 接受|→ 解码,记录, 编码和表达这五个阶段 接受 → |解码 →|记录 →|编码 →| 表达 解码|→ 记录 记录|→ 编码 编码|→ 表达| 解码
译员的素质 The Qualification Requirements for an Interpreter
1.译员必须具有良好的职业道德和爱国主义的情操. 译员必须具有良好的职业道德和爱国主义的情操. 译员必须具有良好的职业道德和爱国主义的情操 2.译员必须有扎实的两种语言或两种以上语言的功底. 译员必须有扎实的两种语言或两种以上语言的功底. 译员必须有扎实的两种语言或两种以上语言的功底 3.译员必须具备清晰,流畅,达意的表达能力. 译员必须具备清晰, 译员必须具备清晰 流畅,达意的表达能力. 4.译员必须有一个敏捷,聪颖的头脑 具备良好的心脑记忆能 .译员必须有一个敏捷,聪颖的头脑, 逻辑思维能力,辨析解意能力和应变反应能力. 力,逻辑思维能力,辨析解意能力和应变反应能力. 5.译员必须有广博的知识 译员必须有广博的知识 6.译员必须具有高尚,忠诚,稳重,谦虚的品格和大方素雅,洁 译员必须具有高尚, 译员必须具有高尚 忠诚,稳重,谦虚的品格和大方素雅, 净得体的仪表. 净得体的仪表. 7.口译译员有敏锐的听觉是极其重要的.译员有好的听力 还需 口译译员有敏锐的听觉是极其重要的. 口译译员有敏锐的听觉是极其重要的 译员有好的听力,还需 要有良好的收听条件. 要有良好的收听条件 8.译员必须学会同时做三件事一一认真听,记笔记,思考翻译这 译员必须学会同时做三件事一一认真听, 译员必须学会同时做三件事一一认真听 记笔记, 确实是一项高度紧张的脑力劳动,要求译员不但听力好 要求译员不但听力好, 确实是一项高度紧张的脑力劳动 要求译员不但听力好 , 理解力 而且要记忆力好,反应快. 强, 而且要记忆力好,反应快.
英语口译基础教程Unit1Introdu
01
Introduction to Interpretation
Definition of Interpretation
It involves comprehending the exact meaning and intention of the source language and expressing it in the target language with accuracy and fluency
Executive Interpretation
The interpreter translates the spooked words of the source language after they have been delivered, either note taking or without notes
Standards for Interpretation
Accuracy
The interpreter must accurately translate the source language into the target language, ensuring that the meaning and intention are fully conveyed.
The interpreter needs to have a good memory to store and recall information during the interpretation process
Language conversion skills
Language comprehension
英语口译基础教程 1. interpreting course
3) In terms of ways:
单向口译 ( one-way interpretation ) 双向口译 ( two-way interpretation )
A Brief history of conference interpreting as a modern profession
b. Dissimilarities The Other Basic Requirements for Interpreters
(1) Acute hearing (to grasp the meaning) (2)A good command of idioms, slang and proverbs, as well as register & appropriateness. (3)Phonetic competence (accent, intonation, stress and rhythms) & public speaking skills (4) Outstanding memory and note-taking ability (5) psychological competence: quick-witted, calm, resourceful (avoid panic and stage fright)
* Translating: i n p u t → c o m pr e h en s i on → (output)expression → checking
3) In terms of criteria a. Similarities: a faithful reproduction in natural TL. b. Differences:
Unit 1英语口译课件
Ball points out that since the Ebola outbreak began in February, around 300,000 people have died from malaria, while tuberculosis has likely claimed more than 600,000 lives. Ebola is not even close to being the biggest problem in Africa right now. 鲍尔指出，自今年2月埃博拉在非洲爆发以来，30 万人死于疟疾，60万人死于肺结核，埃博拉现在 甚至并不是非洲最严重的问题。
During the SARS outbreak of 2003, AsianAmericans were stigmatized, with public health hotlines inundated with calls from Americans worried about “buying Asian merchandise”, “living near Asians” and “going to school with Asians”. 2003年“非典”爆发之时，亚裔美国人就备受歧视， 美国公共医疗热线每天都会接到人们的电话，担 心“买了亚洲商品”、“邻居是亚洲人”或是“要和亚 洲人一起上学”。
常用速记符号
• A．保留大写字母或第一音节
• • • • • 经济：E 文化：C 科技：ST 旅游：T 工业：I 教育：Edu 政治：P 卫生：H 环境：En 农业：A
口译教程第一课
Listening for logic
Theme: Logical analysis Procedures: Ⅰ. Theory and skills (40 min)
1. Vertical analysis of logic 2. Horizontal analysis of logic
相同点：都需要将一种语言经过理解和重组用另一种语言表达出来；
翻译者都必须精通两种语言、文化和转换技巧。
4. Characteristics of Interpreting （口译的特点）
二、口译练习 1.质量要求 2.译前准备
2.1课前检索与阅读 2.2课前检查 3.对话口译 从事旅游业 4.篇章口译 4.1 an introduction to an industrial village 4.2 being a traveler，not a tourist 4.3长城景区导游词 4.4旅游论坛致辞 三、日积月累 四、译员须知 礼仪常识
3分钟以上即可称为长交传
交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等
3.Types of interpreting（口译分类）
1）根据时间工作模式，可分为交替传译和同声传译
同声传译：simultaneous interpreting 简称 SI
又称同步口译、即时传译（港台用语）
简称“同传”
使用法语和英语两种语言，有了交传译员。 1926年：IBM发明了同传设备，被认为是口译史上最重要
的发明。 1945年：纽伦堡军事法庭审判，使用了英法德俄四种语言，
会上大规模使用同声传译。 1947年：联合国采纳同传。 1971年：中国重返联合国，中国的口译活动增加。 改革开放之后：口译活动得到快速发展，多以交传为主。 20世纪90年代后期开始：中国的大型国际会议增多，同传
第一章Introduction
2. 广博的知识
谈话内容更随意、灵活
3. 跨文化交际意识
e.g 1. “您长途飞行，一路上一定很累吧？” You must have been very tired after the long flight? I hope you have had a smooth flight.√ 2. 指令、禁语 “请注意” Attention, please! Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? √ 3. 谦让语 “这没什么，是我应该做的”，“哪里，哪里”，“我做得不够 好”
9、各种形式的口译报价一般是多少？
不同的城市报价不一样，我们可以大致看几个城市的翻译公司 的报价，不过译员拿到手上的酬劳要少一些，而少数特别优秀 的译员报价可能又比翻译公司的更高。
北京： 一般活动：如展览、旅游 400-600 元/人/天 技术交流、商务谈判： 1300-1700 元/人/天 中型会议： 1600-2500 元/人/天 大型国际会议： 2500-4000 元/人/天 同声传译：（按要求必须安排至少2人完成）
11、 Features and process of Interpreting？
Features of interpreting 梅德明
Extemporaneousness 即席性
Stressfulness 紧张性
Independence 独立性
Comprehensiveness 综合性
Miscellaneousness 多面性
时间表
口译的职业化始于20世纪初。之前通用法语。 1919年：“巴黎和会”（Paris Peace Conference ）被认为 是口译职业化的开端，会议使用法语和英语两种语言，有了交 传译员。 1926年：IBM发明了同传设备，被认为是口译史上最重要的发 明。 1945年：纽伦堡（Nuremberg ）军事法庭审判，使用了英法 德俄四种语言，会上大规模使用同声传译。 1947年：联合国采纳同传。 1971年：中国重返联合国，中国的口译活动增加。 改革开放之后：口译活动得到快速发展，多以交传为主。 20世纪90年代后期开始：中国的大型国际会议增多，同传活 动也随之增多。
外贸英语口译材料
UNIT ONE COMPANY INTRODUCTIONPart One Sample DialoguesONEA: What line of business are you in?你们是从事什么行业的？B: We’re one of the leading household electric and electronic appliance manufacturers in China and we also do real estate, pharmacy, advertising, logistics, telecommunications, etc.我公司是中国主要的家用电器，电子生产商之一，另外我们也做房地产，药品，广告，物流，电信等。
A: Then what are your main products?你们的主要产品是什么？B: We produce a wide variety of household electric and electronic appliances, such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, air-conditioners, TV sets, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers and so on.我公司生产各种家用电器，电子产品，像冰箱，冷柜，洗衣机，空调，电视机，微波炉，手机，电脑等等。
A: How about their sales position?他们销售情况如何？B: Well, their sales position varies from product to product. But each year we sell 10 million sets of all of them combined in the domestic market only and our products have been exported to more than 160 countries and regions in the world. Our sales volume last year totaled RMB 40 billion. In China we now have a 30% market share.销量随产品不同而不同。
口译1-基础知识
Interpreting tips and skills: 口译 vs. 笔译
Now the superpowers have been exposed to the
charge that they reserve their nuclear weapons for the revolutionary people of the world . Incorrect: 现在超级大国已受到他们储存核武器是为 了对付世界革命人民的指责。 Correct: 现在超级大国已受到这样的指责，即他们储 存核武器是为了对付世界革命人民。
Unit Objectives (单元目标)
After reading this unit, you should
understand what and how to prepare for the interpreting tasks in the long and short run. find ways to improve your interpreting skills and performance.
Linguistic anticipation语言系预测
Almost thirteen years ago, on July 1st, 1997, in this very special place, in a solemn ceremony marking the hand-over, President Jiang announced to the world the return of Hong Kong to China.（近十三 年前，1997年7月1日，江主席莅临此地，出席庄 严肃穆的香港回归大典，向全世界宣布香港回归 祖国。）
英语口译Unit 1(1)
3.“快”这里的“快”包含几层意思。
1.是指反应快：译员要能听词取意，得“意”忘 “形”，快速理解讲话人的“真情实意”，反应迟缓 就无法胜任译员高强度的工作；
2.是指记笔记要快：译员不可能也不必记录下讲 话人的所有词句，而只需以快捷务实的方式记下一些 关键词、省略词、符号等，否则就跟不上讲话人的节 奏；
ambiguity) (He talked with a woman with a cup of
red wine.) 3) 韵律性（prosodicness）
4. 译员技能的综合性 在口译活动中，译员要在至少两种不同语言文化系
统中游走，接收和处理来自不同渠道的复杂信息，应 对极其丰富的话题内容，还要通过不同方式进行信息 的再传递，这就决定了译员技能的综合性和多样性， 包括听、视、记、写、读、说，以及分析、决策与应 变能力。
2008年12月18日在纪念党的十一届三中全会召开30周 年大会上，胡锦涛总书记在讲话中连用了三个“不”
来表明中国走社会主义道路的决心：“不动摇、不懈
怠、不折腾”。其中“不折腾”的英文翻译难倒了不 少国内外翻译高手，有译成don’t flip flop（不翻来倒 去）或是（don’t toss）（不摇摆）的，有译成no trouble-making（不制造麻烦）、no major change （没有重大变化）或no dithering（不踌躇）的，也 有译成no self-consuming political movements（不高 自我消耗的政治运动），有译don’t sway back and forth（别反复）或是don’t get sidetracked（别走岔 路）的，也有译成avoid futile actions（不做无用功） 的，还有翻译成avoid self-inflicted setbacks（避免自 我造成的失败）的，buzheteng。
Unit1口译上课内容
Unit1口译上课内容1. 女士们，先生们，各位贵宾：我谨代表我公司，并于我个人的名义，对各位表示热烈的欢迎！<Ladies and gentlemen as well as the distinguished guests: On behalf of my company as well asin my personal name, I’d like to extend warm welcome to y ou all!>2. 今晚我们请到了从伦敦远道而来的贵宾们与我们一起共度中秋佳节，我为此感到非常地荣幸！这些良好的印象将永远珍藏在我们美好的记忆之中。
< Tonight, I feel deeply privileged (honored) to have the dist inguished friends who comeall the way from London to celebrate the Mid-autumn Festiv al with us. These fine impressions will forever remain in our cher ished memories.>3. 今天，我很高兴也很荣幸能在这里与大家欢聚一堂，这使我有机会拜访老朋友，结识新朋友！< Today, It gives me such a pleasure and honor to have the j oyful gathering with you all here,which gives me such a great opportunity to visit the old frie nds and meet the new ones.>4. 我为能在此设宴招待切尼副总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快！我愿借此机会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎！<It is indeed my great honor and pleasure to host the banq uet here in honor of Vice President Chineyand Mrs. Chiney. I’d like to avail myself of this great opport unity to extend warm welcometo all the distinguished guests.>5. 在这美丽无比的金秋季节，我们在北京迎来了第四届世界妇女大会的召开！为此，我们热烈欢呼第四届世界妇女大会的召开，并预祝大会圆满成功！< In this most beautiful season of golden autumn, we in Beij ing welcome the openingof the 4th World Conference on Women. In this connection, we warmly herald the opening of it and wish it a complete s uccess! >6. 我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合国代表团的代表表示热烈的欢迎！<It is my great honor to express the warm welcome to the d elegates from theUN delegation on behalf of the Chinese Government and its people.>7. 承蒙由如此杰出的人士组成的团体造访本公司，实属莫大的愉快！< It is indeed my pleasure to receive the visit to our compan y fromsuch a distinguished group of talents like you.>8 我想对贵方的友好接待和盛情款待表示衷心的感谢。
英语口语教程unit 1_Introduction_and_greeting
Formal or Informal?
F speaking with a boss or manager • ______ at work I • ______ talking to your brothers and sisters • ______ talking to your teacher for the first F time F • ______ speaking to an older adult I • ______ speaking to classmates Depends • ______ meeting someone for the first time
Homework:
• Read Part C (pg 5) and Part D (pg 6) • Write a dialogue with 3 people introducing each other.
Dialogs
• Practice the dialogs with your partner.
Unit 1, Pages 1-2 Part A, dialogs 1 -2 Let’s all read dialogs together.
Self-Introduction
My name is… I’m from…/My hometown is… town, province , County I like my hometown because… I lived there for … years. I lived other places, such as … I can speak…(Mandarin, Tibetan) This is the …time I come to Xianyang. My major is.../ I’m majoring in Tourism Management. In my spare time, I like/love/am interested in
口译introduction(1) 2
The delegate in the meeting room selects the relevant channel to hear the interpretation in the language of his/her choice. There are many different possible configurations（ 配置）of languages or language regimes（体制）.
Back
Interpreting is an extempore translation activity that interpreters have to finish their interpretation on the spot. Interpreters also have to overcome stage fright as they usually face a large audience, which means interpreting is therefore highly stressful. In addition, interpreting is an independent job and interpreters are seldom able to ask for help on the spot.
在会议即将召开的时候尽量从发言人或秘书处了解到准备在会上讲的内容提前知道发言内容这样在做同传的时候就会主动一些容这样在做同传的时候就会主动当然也会出现发言人讲话的内容跟事先拟好的稿子不一样的情况这就要考验译员的基本功和心理素质了
challenging interpreting: a coursebook of interpreting skills
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An Introduction
Teaching Objectives
To get familiar with the theories and background knowledge and the basic skills of interpreting To facilitate students with interpreting procedures and basic skills and strategies, such as memory training, note-taking, oral presentation and public speaking, etc.
Oral language
Q: Dear Michael, who taught you how to play golf and do you still use a coach? A: A lot of people helped teach me—mostly my buddies at the UNC while I was in school. I occasionally use a PRO to advise me on improving --but no one regular. I've come to realize that I'm just a "hack"--so now I am enjoying just playing without a lot of coaching.
Teaching Objectives
To arise students’ awareness of current affairs and background knowledge To cultivate students’ ability of discourse analysis, logical thinking, cross-cultural communication and interpretation both from English to Chinese and vise versa.
Language styles in interpreting
Formal language
I wish to thank you，Mr. Premier, for accepting my invitation to share your evening with my colleagues and me, and for honoring Canada with your presence. These have been very pleasant days in Peking, and I’m happy that this phase of my visit should conclude in such a congenial atmosphere.
Definition of Interpreting
口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所听到（间 或读到）的信息准确而又快速地由一种语言转 换成另一种语言，进而达到传递与交流信息之 目的的交际行为，是人类在跨文化、跨民族交 往活动中所依赖的一种基本的语言交际工具。
Differences between interpretation生，感谢您今晚应邀来同我和我的同事 们欢聚一堂。您的光临使加拿大感到荣幸。在 北京的这些日子是令人愉快的，而且使我感到 高兴的是，我访问途径的这一站能够在如此意 气相投的气氛中结束。
Interpreter’s knowledge structure
KI=KL+EK+S (P+AP) 译员应该掌握的知识 =双语知识+百科知识 +技能(职业 口译技能 +艺术表达技能 ) – KI=Knowledge Required for an Interpreter – KL=Knowledge for language – EK=Encyclopedic Knowledge – S (P+AP)=Professional Interpreting Skills and Artistic Presentation Skills
Oral language and interpreting
译入语TL口语是口译的基础。 口译的规范化，摒弃口语中的亲昵语、方言、 俗语、过激语言，口译要“宁缺勿滥”，求实 为信、流利为达、动听为雅。 中国目前的口译教学常常被认为是：口头表述 的笔译教学。
Example 1: How do you interpret?
Types of interpreting
By forms: consecutive interpreting 交替传译 simultaneous interpreting 同声传译 whispering interpreting 耳语口译 sight interpreting 视阅口译
Types of interpreting
今eve we J 北大 再接 老朋 Dr Green&Mrs // I 代 全staff →Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel // I Bel Gr 我sch 访 友合 重贡// tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip//
Language styles in interpreting
As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans. // We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. // I can’t say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. // In recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.//
Definition of Interpreting
It is defined as “oral translation of a written text”. It is a service activity with a communication function. It is usually a face-to-face communicative act.
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Q: Women in the United States generally live longer than men. But in recent years that gap has been narrowing a bit. How has that affected the life insurance business? A: It is not narrowing that much, thank goodness. We are still outliving men, we are still. We have quite a gap on them, still about 7-8 years. The only reason it’s narrowing is women are doing things to themselves that they shouldn’t be doing, like smoking ,and all those bad habits that men have had for many years. But it is not narrowing for other reasons.
问:在美国,一般来说妇女比男人更长寿,但是 近年来差距在缩小.这对人寿保险业有什么影 响? 答:感谢上帝,差距并没有缩小多少.我们还是 比男人寿命长.我们和他们的寿命有很大差距, 大约仍有七、八年的差距。差距缩小的唯一原 因是妇女们做那些不该做的事情，如吸烟以及 男人们很久以来就有的一些坏习惯。除此以外 没有别的原因。
问:亲爱的迈克尔,谁教你打高尔夫球,你现在 还有教练吗? 答：有许多人教过我—多数是我在北卡罗来纳 大学时的老同学.偶尔会请个职业教练帮帮我, 但不经常.我已经渐渐认识到我不过是随便玩 玩而已.所以现在更不想要教练,就自己玩.
Language styles in interpreting
Fairly formal language
By ways: one-way interpreting 单向口译 two-way interpreting 双向口译
Types of interpreting
By contents: guide interpreting 导游口译 ceremony interpreting 礼仪口译 information interpreting 宣传口译 conference interpreting 会议口译 negotiation interpreting 谈判口译
Translation is written and interpretation is spoken. The time limit is quite different. Professional translators almost always work in only one direction, translating only into their native language, using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials.