EC四讲义六级讲座资料
2020年6月六级专项精讲听力讲义(学生版)
强化听力第一章总论1.对词汇的敏感是英语学习的关键，对词汇与句型的敏感是听力和口语的核心。
2.六级听力题型介绍Section A长对话Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation，you will hear some questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section B短文听力Directions：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section C讲座听力（重点）Directions：In this section，you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.The recordings will be played only once.笔记：3.六级听力总策略第二章讲座听力题型详解第一讲讲座听力题型介绍（大纲样题）Now listen to the following recording and answer questions16to19.1.A）They investigate the retirement homes in America.B）They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C）They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D）They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.（通过17/18/19猜测本题答案）2.A）The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B）The feeling of not being important any more.C）Being unable to find a good retirement home.D）Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.（看原文回顾分析）3.A）The loss of identity and self-worth.B）Fear of being replaced or discarded.C）Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D）The possession of wealth and high respect.（研究所有选项可以排除其中两个选项）4.A）The urgency of pension reform.B）Medical care for senior citizens.C）Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D）The development of public facilities for senior citizens.（一起回顾最后一段：最后即所得）Moderator：Hello Ladies and Gentleman，it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session，Dr.Howard ler，Professor of Sociology at Washington University，has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past15years.ler：Thank you for that introduction.Today，I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties，they were faced with the reality of no longerbeing able to adequately care for themselves.My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear，that of leaving the only home they had known for the past60years.（最后即所得原则）Fighting back the tears，he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up，and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence，and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.It was，in my grandfather’s own words，like having a limb cut off.He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.For them and some older Americans，their so-called“golden years”are at times not so pleasant，for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.（not only—but also转折后重心原则）In many societies，this self-identity is closely related with our social status，occupation，material possessions，or independence.Furthermore，we often live in societies that value what is“new”or in fashion，and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans.I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming，“Hey，come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately，the word“old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now，many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform，medical care，and the development of public facilities for senior citizens.And while these are vital issues that must be addressed，I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned.This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group，and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all，I’d like to talk about...1.What does the introduction say about Dr.Howard Miller’s articles and books?（前言部分也出题）2.What is the greatest fear of ler’s grandfather?3.What does ler say the“golden years”can often mean?4.What is the focus of ler’s speech?第二讲讲座听力实战操练第一篇（音频1）：通过中心去掉部分选项：16.A）because only in this way can they feel much better in their daily lifeB）because by doing this individuals can recognize their personalitiesC）because by doing so they can focus on acknowledging the stressD）because only in this way can they recover from the stress17.A）to get away from a stressful situation and take part in low stress activityB）to pay no attention to our physical needsC）doing body exercise as much as you canD）to learn to relive yourselves of stress from work18.A）catching up with others in workB）doing some manageable tasks at a proper speedC）doing the whole job within one dayD）trying to slow down instead of speeding upThe first thing that most psychologists suggest is to learn to recognize your own stress signals. We all have different types of stress signals，but individuals should monitor themselves for stress signals，so that they can focus on minimizing or acknowledging the stress before it gets out of control.And common early signs for many people include irritability，insomnia，weight loss or even weight gain，smoking，drinking，increases in small errors，all kinds of things that people get which could be an early signal of stress.You can consider ways to protect yourself when you start seeing these signs coming on.So you might decide to withdraw from a stressful situation or reward yourself with equal amounts of low stress activity time.That’s really the first important way to deal with stress appropriately.The second important way to deal with stress is to pay attention to your body’s demands.Most psychologists are finding that a good exercise program，good nutrition，decreases the amount of stress，or the effect of stress on the body or in the mind.And this seems quite apparent because exercise can provide a stress-free environment away from your usual stresses and it keeps your body busy and preoccupied with non-stressful things.OK，the third thing to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate.What is suggested is that rather than wasting energy on worrying，an individual can direct his or her energy to plan the steps and act.And often，just the planning of the action helps to reduce the stress，because it reduces the worrying.And also the results of the plans or action may serve to remove or weaken the original cause of the stress.Please notice that I just now said“when appropriate”.And this next suggestion has to do with that idea of when appropriate.The third suggestion was to make plans and act when appropriate，rather than just sit around and worry.But the fourth plan，or fourth idea，says to learn to accept situations which are out of your control.These two then go hand in hand.You can make plans and act when it’s appropriate，but when it’s not appropriate，or when it’s impossible，the only way is to learn to accept that some things are unchangeable and out of your hands.So，for example，if you are in traffic，lateness caused by traffic is out of your hands.There’s no sense in getting really crazy about that.If you do so，it only increases your stress to waste energy trying to resist what’s inevitable or what can’t be avoided.The last item that psychologistssuggest is to pace your activities.By“pace”，I mean giving yourself some manageable tasks to do at a reasonable speed.That is，you go at a speed that you can handle，break your task into manageable parts，rather than try to deal with the whole task all at once.So，as an example in your lives as students，a whole term paper might feel overwhelming.But if you say to yourself，today I’m going to the library and gather resources，tomorrow，I’m going to read three articles，and so on，you’ll have broken this one large task，that’s writing a term paper，down into many smaller and more manageable tasks.This will certainly reduce your stress.Ok.Having said all these，I want you to remember that the problem is not in the stressful experiences themselves.We all experience stress and stressful events.The problem is in our reactions to these experiences.And each of us has our own limits for stress and our own ways of coping with stress.So long as we have our own appropriate ways，stress or stressful situations can certainly be dealt with.Ok.That’s all for today’s lecture.See you next week.16.Why should individuals monitor themselves for stress signals?（重复居多正确原则）17.What is the first important way to deal with stress properly?（注意同义替换）18.What does the psychologist mean by“pacing the activities”?（所听所得原则）第二篇（音频2）：（201813.51-17.50）Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A）About half of current jobs might be automated.B）The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C）The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D）Machine learning would prove disruptive by2013.17.A）They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B）They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C）They could read as many as10，000essays in a single minute.D）They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18.A）It needs instructions throughout the process.B）It does poorly on frequent，high-volume tasks.C）It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D）It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Section C Recording One听力原文：Here is my baby niece Sarah.Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer.By the time Sarah goes to college，the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different.In2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.[16]They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines.Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption.It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence.It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do.My company，Kaggle，operates on the cutting edge of machine learning.We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia.This gives us a unique perspective on what machines can do，what they can’t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten.Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early90s. It started with relatively simple tasks.It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications，sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes.Over the past few years，we have made dramatic breakthroughs.Machine learning is now capable of far，far more complex tasks.In2012，Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high-school essays.[17]The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers.Now，given the right data，machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this.A teacher might read10，000essays over a40-year career.A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks，but there are things we can do that machines cannot.Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations.Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.[18]The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data.But humans don’t.We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.16.What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?17.What do we learn about Kaggle company’s winning programs?18.What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?第三篇（音频3）Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.（注意：当很难听懂时，根据已知中心猜测答案）19.A）The engineering problems with solar power.B）The generation of steam with the latest technology.C）The importance of exploring new energy sources.D）The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20.A）Drive trains with solar energy.B）Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C）Build a new ten-kilometer railway line.D）Cut down the city’s energy consumption.21.A）Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B）Find a new material for storing energy.C）Recover super-heated steam.D）Collect carbon dioxide gas.Recording Two听力原文：We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy.[19]We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done.So far，our discussions have all been theoretical.Now I have a practical question for you all.Can you run a140，000-kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power?Well，one engineer，Tim Kasselman，believes it’s possible. And his home city of Sacramento，California should see the technology’s first test.As part of the upgrading of its rail yard，Kasselman，who is an inventor and self-proclaimed“steam visionary’’，is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten-kilometer line，driving tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars.[20]Kasselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water-filled tubes.This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire.“Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels，”he says，“with the least amount of energy lost.”According to Harry Vallentine，a Canadian engineer who is researching modem steam technology，a special tank measuring2by10metres could store over750kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam，enough to pull a two-cart train for an hour or so.Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water.[21]For example，a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat.When heated，these materials turn from a solid into a liquid，absorbing energy as they change phase.The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required，at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid，releasing its stored energy.Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material.Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas，leaving calcium oxide.The gas can be stored under pressure in a tank.To recover the energy，the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide.“In theory，’’says Vallentine，“this can create a high enough temperature to generate super-heated steam.”19.What has the speaker previously talked about?20.What is Tim Kasselman trying to do in Sacramento?21.What has a Japanese research team tried to do?第四篇（音频4）Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A）The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B）The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.C）The poor management of day centers and home help services.D）The poor relation between national health and social care services.23.A）It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B）It mainly caters to the need of the privileged.C）It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D）It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A）Their longer lifespans.B）Fewer home helpers available.C）Their preference for private services.D）More of them suffering serious illness.25.A）They are unable to pay for health services.B）They have long been discriminated against.C）They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D）They have contributed a great deal to society.Recording Three听力原文：Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.[22]Second，they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.Current services originate in two key measures.They are the National Health Service and the 1948National Assistance Act.This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals，day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services.The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided.It delivered the best health care for all.No such vision guided residential and community care though.[23]The care was substantially provided by voluntary services，which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.Today，life expectancy has risen from66for a male at birth in1948to around80now.In addition，there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care.This means an unprecedentednumber of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support.Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.Even so，they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs.Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.From the early1960s，local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible，but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the1970s，a number of measures sought to improve matters.However，at a time of financial crisis，funding diminished and little changed.[24]In the1980s，the government cut spending.Meanwhile，preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.Simultaneously，the number of sick older people ernments emphasized the need to improve services.They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.Unless you were prepared to pay，they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.Why has60years of criticism produced so little change?[25]Discrimination against older people has a long history.Additionally，those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.22.What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?23.What does the speaker say about residential and community care?24.What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the1980s?25.What does the speaker say about older people in England?第三章长对话总策略：真题演练第一篇：（音频5：0-3.45秒）Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A）It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B）It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C）It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D）It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2.A）Physicists’contribution to humanity.B）Stories about some female physicists.C）Historical evolution of modem physics.D）Women‘s changing attitudes to physics.3.A）By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B）By describing her own life experiences.C）By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D）By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4.A）It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B）It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C）It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D）It provides experiments they can do themselves.听力原文：M：Hey，I just read a great book about physics.I think you’d like it.It’s called The Physics of the World.It’s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.W：Oh，I read that book.It was great.The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics.[1]I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.M：And it’s refreshing to see a strong，curious，clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by man.[2]I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists.You know，they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.W：[3]I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge.For example，in one chapter she exposes a myth that I’ve heard taught by university physics professors.I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid.This，she shows，is not true.The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers’process.M：[4]Yeah，I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of“Do It Yourself’experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table，from using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.W：Yes，I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes，anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.1.What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?2.What can we find in the book the man recom-mended?3.How does the author bring her book to life?4.How does the book cultivate readers’interest in physics?真题演练第二篇（音频6：3.45-7分0秒）Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A）He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B）He does not know what kind of topic to write on.C）He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D）He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6.A）It is too broad.B）It is outdated.C）It is challenging.D）It is interesting.7.A）Biography.B）Nature.C）Photography.D）Beauty.8.A）Improve his cumulative grade.B）Develop his reading ability.C）Stick to the topic assigned.D）List the parameters first.听力原文：M：Hi，professor.I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you’re not too busy.[5] I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.W：Sure，I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?M：The general topic I chose is aesthetics，but that’s as far as I’ve got.I don’t really know where to go from there.W：Yeah，[6]that’s much too large a topic.You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible.Otherwise，you’ll be writing a book.M：Exactly.That’s what I wanted to ask you about.I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics.[7]I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.W：[8]I’m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic.Still，if you’re interested in nature，then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation.We’ve talked about Hume before in class，right?M：Oh，yeah，he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.W：Exactly.I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography.Start from there，but remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment.This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade，so make sure to follow the instructions.If you take a look at his biography，you can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty，specifically，the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.M：Great.Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions，professor.I’ll let you get back to class now.W：If there’s anything else you need，please come see me in my office any time.5.What is the man’s problem?6.What does the professor think of the man’s topic?7.What is the man really more interested in?8.What does the professor say the man has to do?真题练习第四篇（音频7）19.A）A notice by the electricity boardB）Ads promoting electric appliancesC）The description of a thief in disguiseD）A new policy on pensioners’welfare总结：20.A）Speaking with a proper accentB）Wearing an official uniformC）Making friends with themD）Showing them his ID总结：21.A）To be on the alert when being followedB）Not to leave senior citizens alone at homeC）Not to let anyone in without an appointmentD）To watch out for those from the electricity board总结：22.A）She was robbed near the parking lotB）All her money in the bank disappearedC）The pension she had just drawn was stolenD）She was knocked down in the post office总结：19.what does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?20.How did the man mentioned in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims?21.what is the warning form the police?22.what does the woman speaker tell us about the old lady第四章短文听力短文总策略：真题演练第一篇（音频8；2018.7分-10分22）Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A）The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B）The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C）The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.D）The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10.A）It has created a totally new climate pattern.B）It will pose a serious threat to many species.C）It typically appears about once every ten years.D）It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11.A）Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B）Ice less summers in the Arctic.C）Emigration of indigenous people.D）Better understanding of ecosystems.During the Arctic winter from October to March，the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus20degrees Celsius.But this year，the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures.[9]On February20，temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degree Celsius and it stayed there for over24hours.Then on February24，the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius.Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning.[10]Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade.However，the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago.This is troubling as climbing Arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop，which could accelerate Arctic warming.Indeed，sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected.Without those masses of cooling sea ice，warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer，longer too.This drives additional melting.Overall，earth is warming at a rapid pace.2014through2017rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth.This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people，who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously，climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060，[11]but based on what scientists are seeing now，the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within20years.9.What did climate scientists describe as stunning?10.What does the passage say about the temperature surge in the Arctic?11.What may occur in20years according to scientists’recent observations?真题演练第二篇（音频9.7分-10分22）Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A）A good start.B）A detailed plan.C）A strong determination.D）A scientific approach.13.A）Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B）Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C）It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D）It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14.A）They could keep on working longer.B）They could do more challenging tasks.C）They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D）They held more positive attitudes toward life.15.A）They are part of their nature.B）They are subject to change.C）They are related to culture.D）They are beyond control.听力原文：[12]A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through，whether it，s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel.And if you want to increase that willpower，a new study suggests，you just simply have to believe you have it.[13]According to the study，what matters most is what we think about our willpower.If we believe it’s a finite resource，we act that。
刘彬四六级vip讲义_阅读、写作30页
形容词后面一般接名词 c. There were some bad _____. （形容词后面一般跟名词，而且此时是复数形式）
介词短语结构： d. without guides or even _____ bookings（介词短语中不能出现谓语动词，此时 bookings
是名词，应该找个形容词性的单词）
make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is
the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from
For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone ___fixed__ to each ear.（have sth done：）
3、注意事项：
1） 2）
3)
2010 年 6 月四级真题
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled
空前、空后都是形容词：并列关系 f. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest ______ hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month.（前后都是形容 词词，中间要填进去的也是形容词）
恩波英语6级讲座(一)
• 最常见的名词后缀 • -an, ant, ar, ary, er, ician, ist, ite, or,
ory, ics, ilogy • -acity, acy, al, ence, ance, ency, ancy, ion, ment, ism, mony, ness, or, sis, tude, ty, ure, y • Capacity, fallacy ,refusal, denial, acceptance, monument, matrimony, coldness, longitude, analysis, novelty, pressure, victory
• air ball base bear bow calf capital cause
date dear down ear even fair fast fine hail iron lay mean mine peer pen pupil rear scale stable till well yard
长得像的单词举例
• adapt adopt adept • considerate considerable • complement compliment • boast coast toast roast • confirm conform • contact contract contrast • extensive intensive
词形曲解记忆法
• arrest ascertain bias campus dragon island
onus purchase rain drain accompany attorney delegate chauffeur budget finance ghetto hepatitis vehement
EBC初级课件4
BEC初级精讲班第4讲讲义Company activitiesObjectives: To learn to describe company activities学习描述公司的商务活动To practise reading for specific information练习阅读重要信息To raise awareness of cohesion and connectors of addition and contrast提高对篇章衔接、表示递进与对照连接词的意识To review the present continuous复习现在进行时态Investing in central EuropeReading 1 Look at the diagram showing car company investment in central Europe. Answer the questions.vocabulary$1.8bn bn = billion van assembly plantFord Opel Daewoo Fiat Skoda $17m m = million plantKey:1 Fiat ( $1.8bn)2 Volkswagen ( in Mosel )3 Volkswagen ( in the former East Germany, Hungary, Czech republic, Slovakia, Poland)4 Poland ($3.52bn)5 Slovakia ($120m)Grammar 2Could you tell me the different uses of the present tenses.KeyPresentsimple Present continuousGeneral facts ( Volkswagen Something happening now (Daewoo is nowmanufactures cars ) building a new plant.)Routines ( I work for Audi.) Temporary situations ( Manyfirms are investingStates ( VW now owns 70% of Skoda.) a lot of money in central Europe.)Changing situations ( Costs are rising slowly.)Speaking 3 Why are companies investing so much in central Europe?Reasons given in the test:Cheap workforceGenerous government inward investment grantsSlow economic growth at homeStrong growth in central/eastern European car marketsPossible to take over existing facilities/companies cheaplyGood locations for exporting to the former Soviet UnionOther possible reasons not mentioned in the text:By manufacturing in Europe, Asian and US companies avoid restrictions on imports into EuropeInvesting in the area boosts local economies and adds to market growthHigher returns on investments due to low costsShareholder pressure to increase performanceDrivingeastwardsReading 1 Put the five extracts below into the correct order to complete thenewspaper article.vocabularyengineer earn attractionhuge profitgenerous state investment grants (subsidy/subsidise)car-maker modernise acquireSuggested answers:2 In addition to the cheap labour, …3 Volkswagen, for example, …4 Companies such as VW and Fiat…5 However, in spite of all these advantages…2 Say whether the following sentences are 'Right' or 'Wrong'. If there is not enough information to answer, choose 'Doesn't say'.Read through all the questions before scanning through the text. You should check carefully whether there is enough evidence in the text to declare the statements either 'Right' or 'Wrong'. If there is not, you should choose 'Doesn't say'.vocabulary:inward investment be equivalent toKey :1 B2 A3 A4 C5 B6 BVocabulary 3 Look at the words in italics in the text. Write the words in the correct group below.2 Key:AdditionContrastandbutinaddition howeverfurthermorealthoughmoreoverin spite ofalsonot only … but alsoIf not only … is used before the verb,λ the verb needs to be inverted. However, if it is used after the verb, there is no problem.I wish to point out that both in spite of and despite areλ followed by:1) a noun, 2) -ing or 3) the fact that; they are not followed by the infinitive. 4.Now use the words in italics in the text. Write the words in the correct group below.2 Opel is opening a new car plant in Poland. Moreover/Furthermore/In addition, it isopening a plant in Hungary.Opel is not only opening a new car plant in Poland but also a plant in Hungary.3 Wages are lower in central Europe. Moreover/Furthermore/In addition, workersare more flexible.Wages are not only lower in central Europe but workers are also more flexible.4 Wages are increasing in eastern Germany but they are 15-25% lower than in the west.Although wages are increasing in eastern Germany, they are 15-25% lower than in the west.In spite of an increase, wages in eastern Germany are 15-25% lower than in the west.5 VW has bought companies in central Europe. Moreover/Furthermore/In addition, it hasbuilt new factories there.VW has not only bought companies in central Europe but also built new factories there.6 Wages are lower in central Europe but this is not the only reason companies are investing there.Although wages are lower in central Europe, this is not the only reason companies are investing there.Speaking 5 Work in pairs. Draw a map showing your company's markets. Explain to your partner what is happening in these places at the moment.You can draw a map showing your company's markets and activities. The map can only be diagrams and need not be works of art. Then you can mark on important locations and exchange maps with a partner. Finally, you can take it in turns to ask each other what the locations are and what activities take place there.Essential vocabularyAddition Contrast ActivitiesGeneralalso although assembly to attractfurthermore however tobuild attractionmoreover in spite of todevelop to climbnot only … but also togrow coststo invest to earninvestment flexibleto modernise lowmodelto receivevanwagesExamfocus:VocabularyObjectives: To learn to use useful strategies for coping with unknown vocabulary学习处理生词的有用的策略To know useful ways of organsing and storing new vocabulary了解整理和积累词汇的有用方法词汇在我们学习和使用英语中十分重要。
四级六级复习何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版5篇
四级六级复习何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版5篇第一篇：四级六级复习何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版关键字：何凯文老师四六级考试冲刺汇总前话：相信很多人都看了何老师的视频，但是苦于手头没有那份资料。
下面的是我整理的何老师讲的内容要点，希望对你有所帮助。
听力短对话1主题思维一个提出主题，另一个人回答否定回答居多四个选项是非完整句时，答案肯定来自于第一个人四个句子是完整的句子，那么第二个人比较重要否定思维听到什么不选什么长对话预览选项边听边选考查抓信息要点原文重现同义替换抓住首尾句抓住一问一答，不关注对于同一问题的看法能直接选的直接选，不能直接选画x，不对的直接画×抓主题快速阅读考查的是定位能力，细节。
不考主题。
利用题干关键字定位。
今念考四选一主观题尽量原文重现，会同义替换写作控制型写作语言内容结构迎合老师内容趋同最保险最接近大众的想法三段论内容预测：考前一周看何凯文博客结构预测：正反对比社会热点语言预测：常见句型表达句式多变多样恰当多样：上下异法词比如写the computer 往上 machine invention 往下 PC 同义 my babyThe Internetnet inventiontechnologythis wonder多变：句式 my Lenovo倒装同位语插入语非谓语动词否定比较Ratherthan 除去万能开头句：in no country（单数）rather than china, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious.WTO ,PC 什么的直接用会扣分。
第一次写的时候先把全名写出来，再（WTO）主谓隔离，敢于在主谓中放东西阅读主题定位句子理解主题句常常在文章出现柳暗花明开门见山主题词出现频率最高的次纠结选项的时候主题为主合理做题顺序：写作（25——）30看能不能拿到快速阅读试卷快速阅读15（——20）听力主观题能写多少算多少指示阅读 20翻译短文回答 5完形不考改错最后5个题的答案BCACD（大于两个是正确的）考研题英语不会选AEnergy conservation 环保有ABCD各一个基本第二篇：Abyoec2011英语四级六级冲刺生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。
英语四六级讲义
英语四六级讲义PartI第一节四六级作文评分的六个标准一、准确度是指单词的拼写和表达，特别是词性一定要准确无误。
Succeed(v)、success(n)、successful(adj)、successor(n继承者、接班人)、a succeful man成功者、health(n)、healthy(adj+life)、honest(adj)、honesty(n)、economic(adj)、economy(n).The honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策二、难度是指长和罕见的单词。
因此、所以：consequently、accordingly；各人、个体：individuals；电影：movie；孩子：kid；中国政府：The Chiness Adnimistration；现在：currently；漫画、小图：miniature；说明：indicate；含义、意义：implication、connotation.三、广度是指用同义词替换，尤其是主题词。
我认为：I think、in my personal sense、For my part、To my mind.游客：sightseer、tourist、visitor、traveller.四、亮度是指多用短语或词组表达。
and=as well as；look up to尊敬；look down on鄙视；look forward to 期待；seeing you soon写信用语；be aware of意识到；be fond of=be keen on 喜欢.五、语法正确性是指动词时态使用以及尽量用一般现在时等。
绝招是用情态动词must、should、will+do以及名词的单复数college students或a college student，尽量用复数；不可数名词无复数形式stress、pressure；拒绝诱惑resist temptation；减压relieve stress／pressure. 六、句型正确和句式多变。
2020年大学英语四级阅读培训讲义(1)
2020年大学英语四级阅读培训讲义(1)（一）新四级介绍1、新四级题型分布表试卷构成测试内容测试题型比例听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择35%长对话多项选择听力短文短文理解多项选择短文听写复合式听写阅读理解仔细阅读理解篇章词汇理解选词填空35%篇章阅读理解多项选择快速阅读理解是非判断+句子填空或其他综合测试完型填空或改错多项选择15%错误辨认并改正篇章问答或句子翻译简短回答中译英写作写作短文写作15%新四级考试时间安排8： 00-9： 00组织考生进入考场，检查考生的准考证与学生证（或身份证）。
9： 00考生停止入场；发试卷、答题卡1和答题卡2；试卷不分A、B卷，考生不得提前启封；考生填涂两张答题卡上的姓名和准考证号。
注意只能用2B铅笔和黑色签字笔。
9： 10考试正式开始，考生做答题卡1上的写作部分（只能用黑色签字笔答题）9： 40写作部分考试结束，考生启封试卷，开始做试卷上的第一部分，即快速阅读理解部分。
9： 55收答题卡1，考生开始准备听力部分。
10： 00听力考试正式开始，时间约是35分钟。
听力部分结束后，考生开始做剩下的试题。
11： 20考试结束。
3、各项达标成绩：听力：150-160——20以上阅读：170-180——25以上综合：30-40——5左右作文：70-80——7左右（二）阅读理解概述一、考纲变化阅读理解部分在整套试卷中的比例由以前的40%调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分占25%，快速阅读部分占10%.具体来说，仔细阅读部分的变化是由旧题型中的四篇常规阅读理解（每篇阅读文章后有5道选择题，共20题，共占总分值的40%），变为现在一篇选词填空和两篇常规阅读理解。
在《全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》中关于选词填空的描述为“对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试”，即从一篇长度为250个单词左右的文章中留出10个单词的空格，要求考生从15个备选单词中选出10个准确的单词填入文章相对应处，共占总分值的5%）。
四级六级复习 何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版
四级六级复习何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版四级六级复习何凯文老师四六级冲刺讲座资料汇总版关键字:何凯文老师四六级考试冲刺汇总前话:相信很多人都看了何老师的视频，但是苦于手头没有那份资料。
下面的是我整理的何老师讲的内容要点，希望对你有所帮助。
听力短对话1主题思维一个提出主题，另一个人回答否定回答居多四个选项是非完整句时，答案肯定来自于第一个人四个句子是完整的句子，那么第二个人比较重要 2 否定思维 3 听到什么不选什么长对话预览选项边听边选考查抓信息要点原文重现同义替换抓住首尾句抓住一问一答，不关注对于同一问题的看法能直接选的直接选，不能直接选画x，不对的直接画×抓主题快速阅读考查的是定位能力，细节。
不考主题。
利用题干关键字定位。
今念考四选一主观题尽量原文重现，会同义替换写作控制型写作语言内容结构迎合老师内容趋同最保险最接近大众的想法三段论内容预测:考前一周看何凯文博客结构预测:正反对比社会热点语言预测:常见句型表达句式多变多样恰当多样:上下异法词比如写the computer 往上machine invention 往下PC my Lenovo 同义my baby The Internet net invention technology this wonder 多变:句式倒装同位语插入语非谓语动词否定比较Rather than 除去万能开头句:in no country(单数) rather than china, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. WTO ,PC什么的直接用会扣分。
第一次写的时候先把全名写出来，再(WTO) 主谓隔离，敢于在主谓中放东西阅读主题定位句子理解主题句常常在文章出现柳暗花明开门见山主题词出现频率最高的次纠结选项的时候主题为主合理做题顺序: 写作(25——)30 看能不能拿到快速阅读试卷快速阅读15(——20) 听力主观题能写多少算多少指示阅读20 翻译短文回答 5 完形不考改错最后5个题的答案BCACD(大于两个是正确的) 有ABCD各一个基本考研题英语不会选 A Energy conservation 环保下面是赠送的合同范本，不需要的可以编辑删除～～～～～～教育机构劳动合同范本为大家整理提供，希望对大家有一定帮助。
陈正康老师四六级讲义
supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than
those of members of the control group, who weren‘t urged to think
positive thoughts.
•
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A. It is a highly profitable industry. B. It is based on the concept of positive thinking. C. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D.It has yielded positive results.
选修6 Unit 4 讲义2
选修6 Unit 4 讲义1.make a list of2.think of3.an energy source4.depend on5.subscribe to6.run out7.in consequence8.in consequence of9.= as a consequence of10.= as a result of11.go up12.the phenomena of nature13.a social phenomenon14.tend to do sth15.have a tendency to do16.have a tendency towards/to17.in a terrible state18.in a state of19.a range of ….20.range from…to…21.range between … and …22.within my range23.in/within the range24.beyond/out of the range25.in/out of the range ofe about27.How did it come about thate oute to oneselfe up with31.a quantity of32.quantities of33.a large /small amount of34.amounts of35.plenty of36.a great deal of37.a number of 38.a good/great many39.result in40.result from41.A oppose B42.A be opposed to B43.be opposite to44.disagree with45.object to46.be against47.agree with、48.be in favor of49.be for50.keep on doing51.go on to do52.go on doing53.continue to do54.continue doing55.when compared to/ with…56.There is no doubt that…57.rather than A but B58.Without the greenhouse effect，the earth would ….59.even if/ though60.build up61.wash away62.it is not until…that…63.on the whole64.as a whole65.in a word66.in the circumstances67.under the circumstances68.above (the) average69.below (the) average70.on (the/an) average71.the average of72.in existencee into existence74.on behalf of75.stand for76.put up with77.put aside78.put away79.put down80.put off81.put out82.put up83.in the way that/in which …84.so long as=as long as85.a steady increase86.glance at/over/through87.at a glance88.at first glance89.take/have/cast a glance at 91.build up one’s confidence/body92.make a difference93.if any94.if so95.if not96.if necessary97.steal a glance98.long to do sth99.long for sth.100.and so on101.be casual about sth 102.be economical with 103.Your contribution counts. 104.do a project105.get sb started with sth 106.have little effect on sth。
商志-大学英语四六级考试强化班讲义(正文)
2013年12月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions：You should start your essay witha brief account ofthe impact of the Internet on the way people communicateand thenexplainwhether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
2010年6月Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.
2013年6月（多题多卷：3篇）
1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof the picture and thenexpress your viewsonthe Importance of Doing Small Things Before Undertaking Something Big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
选修六M4课时讲义
外研版选修六M4课时讲义课堂导入在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Liu Fang is an international music star, famous for her work with ________ (tradition) Chinese instruments.答案：traditional2．She graduated ________ the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, ________ she also studied the guzheng in 1993.答案：from; where3．When I was five years old, she taught me ________ (play) the yueqin.答案：to play4．Firstly, Chinese music is similar ________ the Chinese language.答案：to5．Secondly, classical Chinese music is ________ (close) connected to Chinese poetry, so it isn't surprising ________ most classical pieces have very poetic titles.答案：closely; that6．Since I moved to Canada, I have had opportunities ________ (make) contact with other musical traditions and play with master musicians.答案：to make7．I push my way ________ the crowd and find a quartet of musicians ________ (play) a violin suite of classical music.答案：through; playing8．I remember some of the words even though I have never ________ (conscious) learnt them.答案：consciously9．He just keeps ________ (sing) and turning the handle.答案：singing10．But street music gives life to everyone ________ listens and offers relief from the cares of the day.答案：who~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1combine v．结合，联合The pipa sounds and the pauses combine to make a poetry of sound.(P45) 琵琶音与它的延长音一起融成了音乐的诗歌。
四、六级考试讲座[1]
![四、六级考试讲座[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e7d183270722192e4536f6c2.png)
I. What is CET-4 & CET-6
大学英语四、六级考试于1987年开始， 至今已有22个年头了，参加考试的人数 已达千万，得到了社会各界的认可。很 多用人单位在挑选毕业生时无四、六级 证书免谈；香港中文大学经过仔细考察， 正式采用CET成绩；越来越多的欧美学 校也开始承认四、六级成绩。CET也引 起了美国ETS (Educational Testing Service) 和剑桥大学考试中心的重视。
92级高分段成绩分布情况:
100 分 天 津市 南开大学 占百分比 5 5 100%
99.5－95 86 81 94%
94.5－90 240 187 77.9%
89.5－85 441 303 68.7%
1 100分： 董曦明 （国经）、王雅 (国经)、张宁 (图书馆)、
刘晶 (生命科学院)、李慧 (金融)
语法是构建句子的骨架。语法知识既复杂，而 且需要记忆的东西也很多。《大学英语统考准 备指南》是一本非常实用的工具用书。书中归 纳了词汇词语搭配、语法词语搭配、英语时态、 语态等等。 《初级英语快速阅读》、《科普英语快速阅 读》、《高级英语快速阅读》是循序渐进帮助 我们提高阅读能力的阅读教材。通过课上汪老 师的指点和课后广泛阅读，经过几个月的不懈 坚持，我们的阅读能力有了显著的提高。随后， 相继通过了英语四、六级考试。
我们“思”“飞”的路
贾雪飞 汪思冰
1999年，我们从不同的地方，为了同一个目标相聚 在这里——南开大学。我们在中考之后选择了读中专， 英语只有初中的功底。读了自考大专之后，要想顺利 完成本科的课程，攻克英语这一关就是刻不容缓的当 ，我们有幸遇到了南开大学外语 学院公英教学部的汪士彬教授。是他给我们指引了一 条成功之路，是他带我们穿越了坎坷、艰辛与快乐并 存的英语学习的广漠。借用汪老师的一句话：授人以 鱼，不如授人以渔。我们衷心地感谢汪老师，感谢他 辛勤的培育和诲人不倦的学风，感谢他教授给我们的 一切知识，更感谢他教授给我们的治学方法，这在我 们今后的路上尤其起到了不可取代的作用。
商志老师四六级课程专用讲义1
商志老师四六级课程专用讲义1四六级中的阅读理解部分需要40 分钟做完。
共分为3 部分，共计248.5 分：Section A是选词填空，占35.5 分；Section B 是匹配题，占71 分；Section C 是深度阅读，占142 分。
今天我们先来讲第一部分（Section A），选词填空。
练习题一For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. Late November and December 3 6 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception: November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, sc ientists are predicting, 2014 will be anEl Niño year.El Niño, Spanish for “the child”,40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough totouch off a series of weather changes aroundthe world. El Niños are42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia.They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; El Niños can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish 45 , and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral （珊瑚）.A) additional B) associated C) bore D) chances E) communicated F) decadesG) experiences H) globally I) logically J) occurs K) populations L) realize M) reduce N) saw O) specific 练习题二Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it’s out of mind. If you cover a baby’s 36 toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 38 of juice.Yet children are smart in their own way. Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized 39 about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, “That’s enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!” the child will 40 test your claim. Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 41 ; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those 42 are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does children’s thinki ng change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children’s cognitive（认知的）abilities unfold 43 , like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is 44 in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusionshave been 45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.A) advocate B) amount C) confirmedD) crazy E) definite F) differencesG) favorite H) happening I)immediatelyJ) naturally K) obtaining L) primarilyM) protest N) rejected O) theories练习题三It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nok ia, one of Europe’s biggesttechnology success stories, was no 36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales 37 . But consumers’preferences were already 38 toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple’s iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia’s market share 39 rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia’s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he 40 in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company’s market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.But Elop was not the only person at 41. Nokia’s board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 42 , Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia’s transition fr om an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company’s43 success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.The company also embarked on a 44 cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 45 of the company’s once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia’s sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia’s most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A) assumed B) bias C) desperateD) deterioration E) exception F) fault G) incidentally H) notably I) previousJ) relayed K) shifting L) shrank M) subtle N) transmitting O)worldwide练习题4As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor.Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It’s no surprise, then, that more tha n half of American adults don’t get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep—on the weekend, say—is a hotly 38 topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that whi le it isn’t39 , it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 41 in the ability of insulin（胰岛素）to process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 42 causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults don’t get the hours they need each night.Still, Liu isn’t43 to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later. Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will 45 one area ofthe brain, but there’s never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn’t really replicate（复制）the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts ofthe brain to go through the di fferent stages of sleep,” says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center. A) alternatively B) caters C) chronicallyD) debated E) deprivation F) ideal G) improvements H) necessarily I) negotiatedJ) pierce K) presumption L) ready M) recommended N) surpasses O) target。
四六级讲座资料最终版
三、翻译范例中国菜系粤菜的特点是烹调方法多以蒸、煮、炒为主。
菜肴清淡，不像其他菜系的菜那样辣。
由于夏季较长，广州人喜爱清淡提神的海鲜。
只有在冬天他们才吃油脂多、味道重的食物。
川菜以油、辣而著称。
鲁菜历史悠久，很受欢迎。
由于中国北部冬天长，蔬菜少，山东的大厨善于制作高热量高蛋白的菜肴。
苏菜融合了北方菜和南方菜的特点。
既有高蛋白的菜肴，又有湖鱼、海鲜、精致的点心。
Guangdong cuisine is characterized by its cooking methods: mostly steaming, boil-ing, and stir-frying. Dishes are light in taste; not as spicy as those of other cuisines. Due to the long summer, Guangdong people prefer light and refreshing seafood. Only in the winter do they eat fatty and strongly-flavored foods. Sichuan cuisine is known for its oily and spicy taste. Shandong cuisine has a long history and wide popularity. Due to the long duration of winter and a short-age of vegetables in north China, Shan-dong cooks are skilled at making high-calorie and high-protein dishes. Jiangsu cuisine has combined the characteristics of both northern and southern cuisines. It has both high-protein dishes, and lake fish, seafood and exquisite refreshments.四、高分写作词汇1.abide by=be faithful to 缺席，不在2.absence of mind=being absent-mind 心不在焉3.be absorbed/engrosses/rapt in 全神贯注于4.be abundant in/be well supplied with 富于5.of one’s own accord 自愿地6.on one’s own account 因某人的缘故，为了自己的利益7.on no account=in no case=for no reason 绝不要（放句首句子倒装）8.be accustomed to=be in habit of 习惯于9.be acquainted with 熟悉（to have knowledge of）了解(to have met socially)10.adapt/adjust oneself to 使自己适应11.adhere to=conform to=insist on=comply with 贴附，坚持，遵循12.take advantage of=make best use of 利用13.allow for=take into consideration/account 考虑，估计到14.amount to=to be equal to 总计，等于15.answer for 对…负责（undertake responsibility for/be liable for /take charge for）16.appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁17.arise from=be caused by 由…引起18.arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事19.assure sb of sth 向…保证，使…确信20.make an attempt at doing sth 试图做21.attribute to 把…归因于22.on the average 平均23.at one’s back 支持，有…作后台24.attend to 注意，照顾25.on behalf of 代表26.for the better 好转for the benefit of 为了…利益27.by birth 论出身，按血统28.in blossom 开花29.be based on 基于on the basis of 根据，在…基础上30.boast of/about 吹嘘31.out of breath 喘不过气来32.in brief 简而言之33.take the floor 起立发言34.but for =without 要不是，表示假设35.be capable of 能够，有能力36.conceive of 想象，设想37.in that=because 因为now that= since 既然for all that=although 尽管on condition that=if 假如38.be cautious of 谨防39.be certain of 有把握，确定40.round the clock 昼夜不停地ment on 评论mit oneself to 使自己承担commit sb to prison把某人送进监狱Commit one’s idea to writing 把…的想法写下来pare with 把…与…比较compare to 把…比作44.keep company with 和…要好pensate for 赔偿五、四六级作文常用句型（1）分析原因常用句型①The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing…For another…（原因如下，一方面……另一方面……）②What has contributed to this problem? In the first place…In the secondplace…（是什么导致了这个问题？第一……第二）③It is no easy to identify the reason for…which involve several complicated factors.（要找出……的原因并不容易，这涉及到几个复杂的因素。
四六级讲座(1)
分析题目
1.这道题定位在原文当中什么位置，我可以用 题干当中的哪个词回到原文当中找准定位，关 键词有没有画准，定位有没有找对。 用原文当中的信息对应选项的时候，正确选项 是怎么和原文来对应的，他们的语言形式是否 对应，含义是否对应。 他们统一替换词是怎样的，照抄了哪个词，改 写了哪个词，改写的词要找出来要去背。
•写作
一.印象原则：书写工整， 卷面整洁，字迹清晰。
• • • • • • • • 阅卷老师判一份卷子的写作部分是多少时间吗？ 四级作文：3秒；六级作文：5秒 笑话一则 1.字迹大小要适中。女生写得稍微大点，男生写得工整些。 2.最好不要有任何修改。想清楚再写。 3.使用黑色签字笔。0.5的，晨光 总分106分，分为5个档次。书写较差的直接降一个 档次。
• 为什么师哥师姐告诉我们他们背模 板就过了呢？
• 他可能真的是这样考过的，有两个原因，第一个，他基础 比较好，他上考场，他可以背模板，因为他现场发挥得比 模板还精彩。 • 第二个原因，就是她运气比较好。有人买彩票，中两个亿， 你中过几块钱？ • 还有一种可能性，你的师兄、师姐不是这么过的，他这样 告诉你，原因不明了，人心叵测。 • 当然，四、六级有偶然成分在里面，很多人确实是背模板， 他过了，成绩还可以，但是不代表你能过。
• 2.四六级考试总分和合格分分别 是多少？
• 710 • 425
测试
• 3.四六级考试时间是多少？正式答 题时间是多少？
• A.120分钟 • B.125分钟 • C.140分钟 • D.150分钟
• C.140分钟 • B.125分钟
测试
• 4.四六级的题型有哪些？
• 1.写作Writing • 2.快速阅读Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) • 3.听力Listening Comprehension • 4.深度阅读Reading Comprehension(Reading in depth) （包括选词填空） • 5.完形填空Cloze • 6.翻译Translation
四、六级解读 PPT课件.ppt
Long Conversation 2 （7’:45’’—10’:45’’）
22. A) It’s a non-governmental organization.
B) It helps developed countries train teachers.
C) It is a non-profit making organization.
C) He can only remember a green beer bottle.
D) He can remember many famous buildings in Europe.
Keys:
22. D; 23. D; 24. C; 25. B
3. Passages 1). 看题目，预测主要内容和涉及的领域。 2). 听文章的时候一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。每
Composition
做题步骤
1. 审题：题目是什么？命题的要求、意图是什么？提纲包括 什么，重点在哪段？各段逻辑关系是什么？
2. 通过brain-storming 构思各段内容。 1）第一段开头，以何开始呢？提纲扩展、背景、谚语或引
语、数据或报道、定义？（参考：作文开头ppt ） 2）第二、三段发展：主题句是什么？分为几点论述？（列
D) They should be independent so that parents can respect them as well.
Keys: 26. B; 27. A; 28. C
4. Compound dictation:
一般是一篇200字左右的短文，中间有十一个空，1-
2. according the key words to spot the sentences concerning the questions in the text.