“事件相关电位”名词中英对照表
EEG术语
EEG术语关于“事件相关电位”名词中英对照表（欢迎修改和补充）自发电位 electroencephalogram(EEG) 自然状态下发生的脑电事件相关电位 event-related potentials(ERP)诱发电位 evoked potentials(EP)垂直眼电 vertical electrooculogram(VEOG)水平眼电 horizontal electrooculogram(HEOG)输入阻抗 input impendance 输出阻抗output impendance共模抑制比 common mode rejection ratio(CMRR)高通 high-pass 低通 low-pass模数转换 analog to digital converter(A/D)波幅分辨率 amplitude resolution（AR）陷波 notch-filter主成分分析法 principal component analysis ( PCA)独立成分分析法 independent component analysis (ICA)源成分分析法 source component analysis分析时间 epoch参考电极转换 reference electrode conversion总平均 grand average数字滤波 digital filter平滑化 smooth听觉诱发电位 auditory evoked potential (AEP)视觉诱发电位 visual evoked potential (VEP)体觉诱发电位 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)脑干听觉诱发电位 brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)正慢波 positive slow wave (PSW)负慢波 negative slow wave (NSW)失匹配负波 mismatch negativity (MMN)加工负波 processing negativity (PN)预备电位 readiness potential (RP)外源性成分 exogenous component 内源性成分 endogenous component 中源性成分 mesogenous compenent伴随性负波 contingent negative variation (CNV)朝向波 orientation wave 期待波 expectance wave解脱波 extrication of mental load (EML)运动相关电位 movement-related potential运动预备电位 bereitschafts potential (BSP) Cz 点上记录的电位运动电位 moto potential (MP) 即N2运动后电位 post-movement wave 即P2内侧前额叶 mesial prefrontal cortex辅助运动区 supplementary motor area (SMA)初级运动区 primary motor cortex偏侧预备电位 lateralized readiness potential (LRP)晚正复合体 late positive complex额叶P3 frontal P3 顶叶P3 parietal P3识别电位 recognition potential (RP)前置刺激法 preempt stimulus technique快速序列刺激法 rapid stream stimulation效果监控 performance monitoring错误负波 error negativity 错误正波error positivity错误相关负波 error-related negativity照度 illumination 亮度 luminance 纯音 pure tone 短声 click白噪声 broadband noise/white noise 语音 phonetic高通滤波 high-pass filtering 低通滤波 low-pass filtering地形图（空间电位分布图）topography 头皮电位分布图scalp-distribution m ap 峰潜伏期peak latency 始潜伏期onset latency峰值测量peak amplitude measure 面积测量area measure 取中法midlatency procedure 全时程波幅分析quantifying entire waveforms反应锁时电位response-locked potentials。
“事件相关电位”名词中英对照表
关于“事件相关电位”名词中英对照表（欢迎修改和补充）自发电位electroencephalogram(EEG) 自然状态下发生的脑电事件相关电位event-related potentials(ERP)诱发电位evoked potentials(EP)垂直眼电vertical electrooculogram(VEOG)水平眼电horizontal electrooculogram(HEOG)输入阻抗input impendance 输出阻抗output impendance共模抑制比common mode rejection ratio(CMRR)高通high-pass 低通low-pass模数转换analog to digital converter(A/D)波幅分辨率amplitude resolution（AR）陷波notch-filter主成分分析法principal component analysis ( PCA)独立成分分析法independent component analysis (ICA)源成分分析法source component analysis分析时间epoch参考电极转换reference electrode conversion总平均grand average数字滤波digital filter平滑化smooth听觉诱发电位auditory evoked potential (AEP)视觉诱发电位visual evoked potential (VEP)体觉诱发电位somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)脑干听觉诱发电位brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)正慢波positive slow wave (PSW)负慢波negative slow wave (NSW)失匹配负波mismatch negativity (MMN)加工负波processing negativity (PN)预备电位readiness potential (RP)外源性成分exogenous component 内源性成分endogenous component 中源性成分mesogenous compenent伴随性负波contingent negative variation (CNV)朝向波orientation wave 期待波expectance wave解脱波extrication of mental load (EML)运动相关电位movement-related potential运动预备电位bereitschafts potential (BSP) Cz 点上记录的电位运动电位moto potential (MP) 即N2运动后电位post-movement wave 即P2内侧前额叶mesial prefrontal cortex辅助运动区supplementary motor area (SMA)初级运动区primary motor cortex偏侧预备电位lateralized readiness potential (LRP)晚正复合体late positive complex额叶P3 frontal P3 顶叶P3 parietal P3识别电位recognition potential (RP)前置刺激法preempt stimulus technique快速序列刺激法rapid stream stimulation效果监控performance monitoring错误负波error negativity 错误正波error positivity错误相关负波error-related negativity照度illumination 亮度luminance 纯音pure tone 短声click白噪声broadband noise/white noise 语音phonetic高通滤波high-pass filtering 低通滤波low-pass filtering地形图（空间电位分布图）topography 头皮电位分布图scalp-distribution map峰潜伏期peak latency 始潜伏期onset latency峰值测量peak amplitude measure 面积测量area measure 取中法midlatency procedure 全时程波幅分析quantifying entire waveforms反应锁时电位response-locked potentials。
电气术语中英文对照表
电气术语中英文对照表电气术语中英文对照表- 电路的基本概念及定律电源source电压源voltage source电流源current source理想电压源ideal voltage source理想电流源ideal current source伏安特性volt-ampere characteristic电动势electromotive force电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potential difference欧姆Ohm伏特V olt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuit element电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuit model参考方向reference direction参考电位reference potential欧姆定律Ohm’s law基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s law基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL）基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s current law（KCL）结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branch current analysis网孔电流法mesh current analysis结点电位法node voltage analysis电源变换source transformations叠加原理superposition theorem网络network无源二端网络passive two-terminal network 有源二端网络active two-terminal network 戴维宁定理Thevenin’s theorem诺顿定理Norton’s theorem开路（断路）open circuit短路short circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current电气术语中英文对照表- 交流电路直流电路direct current circuit (dc)交流电路alternating current circuit (ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidal a-c circuit平均值average value有效值effective value均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms)瞬时值instantaneous value电抗reactance感抗inductive reactance容抗capacitive reactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗complex impedance相位phase初相位initial phase相位差phase difference相位领先phase lead相位落后phase lag倒相，反相phase inversion频率frequency角频率angular frequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasor diagram有功功率active power无功功率reactive power视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor功率因数补偿power-factor compensation 串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonance frequency频率特性frequency characteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic相频特性phase-frequency response characteristic截止频率cutoff frequency品质因数quality factor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth (BW)滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-order filter二阶滤波器second-order filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop filter转移函数transfer function波特图Bode diagram傅立叶级数Fourier series电气术语中英文对照表- 三相电路三相电路three-phase circuit三相电源three-phase source对称三相电源symmetrical three-phase source对称三相负载symmetrical three-phase load相电压phase voltage相电流phase current线电压line voltage线电流line current三相三线制three-phase three-wire system三相四线制three-phase four-wire system三相功率three-phase power星形连接star connection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangular connection(- connection ,delta connection) 中线neutral line电路的暂态过程分析编辑本段回目录暂态transient state稳态steady state暂态过程，暂态响应transient response换路定理low of switch一阶电路first-order circuit三要素法three-factor method时间常数time constant积分电路integrating circuit微分电路differentiating circuit磁路与变压器编辑本段回目录磁场magnetic field磁通flux磁路magnetic circuit磁感应强度flux density磁通势magnetomotive force磁阻reluctance电动机编辑本段回目录直流电动机dc motor交流电动机ac motor异步电动机asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相异步电动机three-phase asynchronous motor 单相异步电动机single-phase asynchronous motor 旋转磁场rotating magnetic field定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流starting current起动转矩starting torque额定电压rated voltage额定电流rated current额定功率rated power机械特性mechanical characteristic电气术语中英文对照表- 继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travel switch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触点normally open contact。
电表专业术语中文对照
●Prepayment: 预付费●Post payment: 后付费●Phase line: 火线●Neutral line: 中线●Quadrant象限●Chassis intrusion开盖检测●Remote reading远程抄表●Capacitive 容性●Inductive 感性●Earth: 地线●Encryption 加密●Lightning shielding避雷●Direct connected: 直接接入●CT connected: 互感式接入●Rated voltage 额定电压●Rated current 额定电流●Continuous over current: 持续过电流●Starting current:启动电流●Rated frequency: 额定频率●Power factor(PF) 功率因素●Class index 精度等级●Real time clock 实时时钟●Instantaneous load 瞬时负载●Power consumption 功耗●Harmonic energy 谐波电能●Power limit 功率限额●Load disconnection 负载断开●Latching relay 磁保护继电器●Duplex 多交线●Terminal cover端子盖●Terminal 接线端子●Terminal block端子盒●Connection diagram 线路图●Insulation level 绝缘等级●Power frequency test 功频测试●Impulse withstand test冲击耐压测试●Pulse output脉冲输出●Zero clearing清零●Programmable 可编程的●Semi-production line半自动生产线●Assembly line生产流水线●Protection against magnetic field防磁场●AC alternating current 交流电●DC direct current 直流电●Name plate 标牌●Meter serial number 表序列号●Meter constant表常数●Over-current breaking capacity过电流的分断能力●Fraud & Tamper 篡改●Optical interface 光端口(红外)●Electromagnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性●Electrostatic discharges 静放电●Running with no load无负载运行●Switch open and close count开关量●Emergency credit透支电量●Tariff 费率●HHU hand held unit掌机●Human machine interface人机界面●Remaining credit 剩余电量●Liquid crystal Display LCD 液晶显示屏●LED 指示灯●Recharge amount充值金额●Sanctioned load批准负载●Step tariff 阶梯电价●Multi tariff 多费率●Active energy 有功电能●Reactive energy 无功电能●Demand 需量●Maximum demand最大需量●Routine and type test型式测试●Rain & dust tightness test 淋喷，防尘测试●Salt spray test盐雾测试●DC immunity test抗直流测试●Test for radio frequency interference无线传导骚扰测试●Test for influence of high magnetic field 强磁场干扰测试●Surge/impulse voltage immunity抗浪涌/冲击电压●Power failure 断电●Voltage circuit 电压回路●Current circuit电流回路●Apparent power视在功率●Backlit背光●7 segment LCD 7 分段LCD●Continue to register active energy accurately even when the supply and load connections have been reversed反向连接，正向计量●Infrared红外●Carrier wave载波●RS485 & RS232●Transformer变压器●CT current transformer电流互感器●Sensor传感器●Breaker 断路器●Baud Rate波特率●Lag阻性●Lead感性●R. Y. B =A.B.C=红线，黄线，蓝线●Phase sequence reversal反相序●Inst.=instantaneous 瞬时●Protocol协议●Non-V olatile Memory非易失性内存器●Din rail 导轨式●Socket type 插口式（圆盘）●load profile负载曲线●Events Logging 事件记录●MBus=Meter bus仪表总线●Radio Frequency （RF）射频●BOM bill of material物料清单●Battery backup后备电池●The infrared data association红外数据协会●Jumper跳线●time synchronization 时间同步●virgin material纯料●recycled material回料●V oltage dependence电压依赖性●ultrasonic welding超声波焊接●short circuit短路●overload过载●UIU user interface unit用户操作单元●MCU计量和控制单元●PLC power line carrier电力线载波●Split-type分体式●Keypad 键盘●AMR automatic meter reading自动抄表系统●AMI advanced metering infrastructure先进计量设施●Grid 电网●CDMA code division multiple access码分多址●GPRS general packet radio service 通用无线分组●STS standard transfer specification 标准传输规范●Single phase watt hour meter test bench单相电能表检验装置●Zigbee短距离无线网络●PSTN public switched telephone network 公共交换电话网络●Watt hour meter demagnetization device 电能表退磁装置●Ultrasonic cleaning machine超声波清洗机●Aging house 老化房●Numerical control test bench数控测试台●Fast transient burst test equipment快速脉冲群测试设备●Lithium battery锂电池●Anti-UV防紫外线●AMP，current by phase每相电流●Test of influence quantities影响量试验●Voltage variation电压影响试验●Voltage dropping interrupt test device电压中断测试设备●Ambient temperature variation环境温度影响试验●Shock test冲击试验●Vibration test 振动试验●Spring hammer test弹簧锤试验●Limit of error test基本误差试验●Heating test温升试验●EMC 电磁兼容性试验●Initial star-up test 初始启动●SMT machine 贴片机●Weld焊接●后焊after welding●Wave soldering波峰焊●Plug-in插件●Trimming machine剪脚机●Aging 老化●Debug调试●General test总检●Sampling 采样●Sampling test抽检●Running 走字●Function test 功能测试●plate电镀●accuracy test精密度测试●procedure流程●monitoring监测●dust-free operation无尘化作业●quality analysis质量分析●routing inspection日常检查●fault故障●fault correction故障修复●reference current参比电流●active loss有功损耗●no-load current空载电流●over load current过载电流●upper limit上限●lower limit下限●power system电力系统●installed capacity装机容量●static state静态●dynamic state 动态●component元件●circuit diagram电路图●polyphase多相●carrier载波●bidirectionary circuit双向电路●unidirectional circuit单相电路●digital signal数字信号●time-billing分时计费●sharp尖●peak峰●shoulder平●off谷●demand interval 需要周期●auxiliary supply辅助电源●electromagnetic disturbance电磁干扰●time interval时间区间●time duration持续时间●forward direction正向●opposite direction反向●energy metering电能计量●rated/nominated额定的●interface 界面●creepage distance爬电距离●capacitor电容●安规电容polyester capacitor●Electrolytic capacitor电解电容●Inductor电感●diode二极管●transistor三极管●reed switch干簧管●magnetic shielding磁屏蔽●resistor电阻●chip芯片●nixie tube 数码管●oscillator 晶振●wire 线材●bolt cap螺母●seal铅封●terminal pole端子孔●rotation转轮●bearing轴承●ball bearing滚珠轴承●current coil电流线圈●short terminal cover短尾盖●long front terminal block cover长尾盖●plastic ring橡皮圈●seal line铅封圈●flat washer平垫圈●spring washer弹簧垫圈●plastic casing塑套管●pothook 挂钩●gland密封垫●。
电气工程常用名词中英文对照表
缩写全称中文AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic followingcontrol 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuitboard 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势Part2：缩写全称中文GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷Part3：缩写全称中文S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STA T stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察V AR variable 变量V ARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场。
事件相关电位概念及成分笔记
事件相关电位发展：1929——Hans Berger :EEG;1935-1936——Pauline and Hallowell Davis 单试次ERP (SINGLE TRAIL) 1962——Galamobos and Sheatz 计算机平均ERP1964——Grey Walter 第一个认知ERP成分CNV（contingent negative variation 关联负变化）1965——Sutton、Braren、Zunbin和John，p3基本概念：ERP:事件相关电位本来叫诱发电位（evoked potential,Eps）Event-related potentials are voltage fluctuations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that are time-locked to internal or external events (e.g., stimuli, responses, decisions)脑干诱发反应（BER，brainstem evoked response）：又叫听觉脑干反应（ABRs），是由咯哒声那样的听刺激，在刺激后的前10秒，所诱发的电压很小的ERPs。
视诱发电位（VEP, visual evoked potentials/VER, visual evoked response）诱发反应电位（evoked response potentials）起源与神经元有关的电活动：1、动作电位（离散的电压尖峰，从轴突始到轴突末，释放神经递质）；2、突触后电位（神经递质结合于突触后细胞膜受体时产生电压：神经递质引起例子通道的开放与闭合，从而导致跨细胞膜电位的梯度变化。
）单个神经元的突触后电位/动作电位同时记录许多神经元——综合的突触后电位或动作电位神经元群（large population of neurons）进行动作电位记录叫做“多细胞”记录（”multi-unit recordings）;从神经元集群（large groups of neurons）进行的突触后电位记录，叫做“局部场电位“记录（”local field potential”recordings）In almost all cases, ERPs originate from postsynaptic potentials(PSPs) in cortical pyramidal cells, arising as a consequence of the flow of ions across the cell membrane in response to neurotransmitters binding with receptors . When PSPs occur simultaneously in similarly oriented neurons, the resulting field potentials summate and the voltage can be detected instantaneously onthe scalp. Thus, ERPs provide a direct, millisecond-resolution measure of neurotransmission-related neural activity.偶极子：突出前末端释放兴奋性神经递质，引起正离子流入突触后神经元，从而在这个神经元的细胞体以外区域产生膜外负电位，同时，为了形成一个环路，电流又会从细胞体与基数突流出，造成这个区域带正电。
事件相关电位
为了从EEG中提取出 中提取出ERP，需对被试者施以多次重复刺激 为了从 中提取出 ， “S”。将每次刺激产生的含有ERP的EEG加以叠加与平均。由 。将每次刺激产生的含有 的 加以叠加与平均。 加以叠加与平均 于作为ERP背景的 背景的EEG波形与刺激间无固定的关系，而其中所 波形与刺激间无固定的关系， 于作为 背景的 波形与刺激间无固定的关系 含之ERP波形在每次刺激后是相同的，且ERP波形与刺激间的 波形在每次刺激后是相同的， 含之 波形在每次刺激后是相同的 波形与刺激间的 时间间隔（潜伏期）是固定的，经过叠加， 时间间隔（潜伏期）是固定的，经过叠加，ERP与叠加次数成 与叠加次数成 比例的增大， 则按随机噪音方式加和。 比例的增大，而EEG则按随机噪音方式加和。 则按随机噪音方式加和
►跨通道研究模式
“跨通路”（Cross-Modal）是指在同一实验模 跨通路” 跨通路 ） 式中采用不同感觉通路的刺激物， 式中采用不同感觉通路的刺激物，通常为视觉 与听觉刺激，常用于选择性注意的研究。 与听觉刺激，常用于选择性注意的研究。
►特定认知实验模式
如运动知觉、记忆、意识研究。 如运动知觉、记忆、意识研究。
事件相关电位
（Event-Related Potentials EventEventEvent-Related Brain Potentials） Potentials）
事件相关电位（ERP）的概念 事件相关电位（ERP）
凡是外加一种特定的刺激， 凡是外加一种特定的刺激，作用于感觉系统 或脑的某一部位，在给予刺激或撤消刺激时， 或脑的某一部位，在给予刺激或撤消刺激时， 在脑区引起的电位变化。 在脑区引起的电位变化。
►MMN
典型的实验是，仍然运用上述产生 典型的实验是，仍然运用上述产生P300的Oddball 的 实验模式，标准刺激为1000Hz的短纯音，偏差刺 的短纯音， 实验模式，标准刺激为 的短纯音 激为800Hz的短纯音，分别在被试双耳中呈现。令 的短纯音， 激为 的短纯音 分别在被试双耳中呈现。 被试者双耳分听，即注意一只耳的声音， 被试者双耳分听，即注意一只耳的声音，并对偏 差刺激进行反应，而不注意另一只耳的声音。 差刺激进行反应，而不注意另一只耳的声音。结 果无论注意与否，在约250ms内偏差刺激皆比标准 果无论注意与否，在约 内偏差刺激皆比标准 刺激引起更高的负波。若以偏差刺激引起的ERP 刺激引起更高的负波。若以偏差刺激引起的 减标准刺激引起的ERP，观察此差异波，则可见 减标准刺激引起的 ，观察此差异波， 到在约100ms至250ms之间出现了一个明显的负波， 之间出现了一个明显的负波， 到在约 至 之间出现了一个明显的负波 此即Mismatch Negativity（失匹配负波），简称 ），简称 此即 （失匹配负波）， MMN。 。
生理学名词中英文对照
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态（homeostasis）3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节（paracrine regulation）6.自身调节（autoregulation）7.负反馈（negative feedback） 8.正反馈（positive feedback）9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运（passive transport） 11. 单纯扩散（simple diffusion）12. 经载体易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via carrier）13. 经通道易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via ion channel）14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道（ion channel）16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运（primary active transport）19. 继发性主动转运（secondary active transport）20. 同向转运（symport） 21. 反向转运（antiport）22. 出胞（exocytosis） 23. 入胞（endocytosis）24. 跨膜信号转导（transmembrane signal transduction）25. 刺激(stimulation) 26. 兴奋(excitation)27. 兴奋性(excitability) 28. 阈值(threshold)29. 极化（polarization） 30. 去极化（depolarization）31. 超极化（hyperpolarization） 32. 复极化（repolarization）33. 内向电流（inward current） 34. 外向电流（outward current）35. 电化学驱动力（electrochemical driving force）36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K+平衡电位（K+ equilibrium potential）38. 动作电位(action potential) 39. 超射（overshoot）40. “全或无”现象（“all or none”phenomenon）41. 阈电位（threshold potential） 42. 局部电位（local potential）43. 时间性总和（temporal summation） 44. 空间性总和（spatial summation）45. 量子释放（quantal release）46. 兴奋-收缩耦联（excitation-contraction coupling）47. 等长收缩（isometric contraction） 48. 等张收缩（isotonic contraction）49. 前负荷（preload） 50. 后负荷（afterload）51．肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52．不完全强直收缩（incomplete tetauns）53．完全强直收缩（complete tetanus） 54.运动单位（motor unit）第三章血液55. 血细胞比容（hematocrit） 56. 血浆渗透压（plasma osmotic pressure）57. 血浆晶体渗透压（plasma crystal osmotic pressure）58. 血浆胶体渗透压（plasma colloid osmotic pressure）59. 悬浮稳定性（suspension stability）60.红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate）61.红细胞渗透脆性（osmotic fragility） 62.血小板黏附（platelet adhesion）63.血小板聚集（platelet aggregation） 64.生理性止血（hemostasis）65.出血时间（bleeding time） 66.凝血时间（clotting time）67.血液凝固（blood coagulation） 68.血清（serum）69.凝血因子（clotting factor） 70.内源性凝血途径（intrinsic pathway）71.外源性凝血途径（extrinsic pathway） 72.纤维蛋白溶解（fibrinolysis）73.血型（blood group） 74.红细胞凝集（agglutination）75.凝集原（agglutinogen）76.凝集素（agglutinin）77.交叉配血试验（corss-match test）第四章血液循环78. 心动周期（cardiac cycle）79. 等容收缩期（period of isovolumic contraction）80. 等容舒张期（period of isovolumic relaxation）81. 每搏输出量（stroke volume）82. 射血分数（ejection fraction）83. 心输出量（cardiac output）84 心指数（cardiac index）85. 异长调节（heterometric regulation）86.心室功能曲线（ventricular function curve）87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节（homometric regulation）89.快反应细胞（fast response cell） 90.慢反应细胞（slow response cell）91.期前收缩（premature systole） 92.代偿间歇（compensatory pause）93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity) 94.正常起搏点（normal pacemaker）95.潜在起搏点（latent pacemaker） 96.异位起搏点（ectopic pacemaker）97.房室延搁（atrioventricular delay）98.膜反应曲线（membrane responsiveness curve）99.钙触发钙释放（calcium-induced Ca2+ release）100.外周阻力（peripheral resistance）101.动脉血压（arterial blood pressure）102.收缩压（systolic pressure）103.舒张压（diastolic pressure） 104.平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure）105.中心静脉压（central venous pressure）106.微循环（microcirculation） 107.压力感受性反射（baroreceptor reflex）第五章呼吸108.肺通气（pulmonary ventilation） 109.肺换气（gas exchange in lungs）110.呼吸运动（respiratory movement） 111.弹性阻力（elastic resistance）112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性（static compliance）114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质（pulmonary surfactant）116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity) 122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content)130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve) 132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化（digestion） 134.机械性消化（mechanical digestion）135.化学性消化（chemical digestion） 136.吸收（absorption）137.慢波（slow wave） 138.胃肠激素（gastrointestinal hormone）139.脑-肠肽（braingut peptide）140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障（mucus bicarbonate barrier）141.胃黏膜屏障（gastric mucosal barrier）142.容受性舒张（receptive relaxation）143.紧张性收缩（tonic contraction） 144.胃的排空（gastric emptying）145.肠-胃反射（entero-gastric reflex） 146.分节运动（segmentation contraction）147.胆盐的肠-肝循环（enterohepatic circulation of bile salt）第七章能量代谢与体温148. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)149. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)150. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient) 152. 基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate) 153. 体温（body temperature） 154.温热性发汗（thermal sweating）155.精神性发汗（mental sweating 156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158. 管-球反馈（tubuloglomerular feedback）159. 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)160. 滤过分数(filtration fraction)161. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)162. 肾糖阈（renal threshold for glucose）163. 葡萄糖吸收极限量（transfer maximum of glucose）164. 渗透性利尿（osmotic diuresis）165. 球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166. 水利尿（water diuresis） 167.清除率（clearance）第九章感觉器官的功能168. 感受器（receptor） 169. 感觉器官（sense organ）170. 适宜刺激（adequate stimulus） 171. 换能作用（transducer function）172. 瞳孔对光反射（pupillary light reflex）173.互感性对光反射（consensual light reflex）174. 瞳孔近反射（near reflex of the pupil）175.视敏度（visual acuity）176.暗适应（dark adaptation） 177.明适应（light adaptation）178.视野（visual field） 179.听阈（hearing threshold）180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位（cochlear microphonic potential）182.眼球震颤（nystagmus）第十章神经系统的功能183.突触（synapse） 184.经典的突触（classical synapse）185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential)186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触（non-directed synapse） 188.电突触（electric synapse）189.神经递质（neurotransmitter） 190.神经调质（neuromodulator）191.受体（receptor） 192.激动剂（agonist）193.拮抗剂（antagonist） 194.上调（up regulation）195.下调（down regulation） 196.胆碱能纤维（cholinergic fiber）197.肾上腺素能纤维（adrenergic fiber） 198.突触后抑制（postsynaptic inhibition）199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制（presynaptic inhibition）202.特异投射系统(specific projection system)203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)204.牵涉痛（referred pain） 205.脊休克（spinal shock）206.牵张反射（stretch reflex） 207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直（decerebrate rigidity）210.α僵直（α-rigidity） 211.γ僵直（γ-rigidity）212.自发脑电活动（spontaneous electric activity of the brain）213.脑电图（electroencephalogram）214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 215.慢波睡眠（slow wave sleep） 216.异相睡眠（paradoxical sleep）第十一章内分泌217. 激素(hormone) 218. 允许作用(permissive action) 219. 长反馈（long-loop feedback） 220. 短反馈（short-loop feedback）221. 超短反馈（ultra-short-loop feedback）222. 下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223. 应激反应（stress reaction） 224.应急反应（emergency reaction）第十二章生殖225. 月经（menstruation） 226. 月经周期（menstrual cycle）227. 增生期（proliferative phase） 228. 黄体期（luteal phase）。
事件相关电位简介
事件相关电位简介目录•1拼音•2英文参考•3名称•4概述•5适应症•6用品及准备•7方法•8注意事项•9报告内容1拼音shì jiàn xiāng guān diàn wèi2英文参考event related potential3名称事件相关电位4概述事件相关电位（Event－related potentials）是在受试者正确地识别偶发的感觉 *** 信号或感受到意外新奇 *** 后诱发的。
是一个高波幅，长潜伏期互相波，多在*** 后300～500ms分内出现。
事件相关电位（event related potential，ERP）的平均潜伏期为300ms，故又称P300。
它与广泛的高级神经中枢活动有关，是感觉、知觉、记忆、理解、学习、判断、推理和智能等心理过程的电位变化反映，是对客观事物的反应过程。
5适应症用于精神医学、生理学和心理学等研究，作为判断大脑高级功能的客观指标。
临床上主要用于精神分裂症检查。
6用品及准备1．室温保持在20℃左右。
2．向患者交代的指导语要统一准确。
必要时先做练习。
3．用乙醇或乙醚擦净拟放置电极的皮肤处。
7方法1．在屏蔽室进行。
2．电极放置可用氯化银盘状电极。
按国际脑电图学会1020系统放置，以顶部P300为基本波型。
如观察P300地形图，应加测Cz、C3、C4、Fz等部位。
参考电极置双耳垂。
Fp接地。
电极与皮肤间电阻要＜2kΩ。
3．必需用两套触发和 *** 系统。
叠加仪分别处理两种信号，并各有其分析的时间窗口。
4． *** 形式通常有听觉（如高频纯音，名字等）、视觉（如数字、字母、图形等）和躯体感觉（如电流）三种。
每种*** 都由非靶*** （规律出现的 *** ）和靶 *** （随机出现的 *** ）组成。
靶 *** 占20％，出现50次即可。
5．一般前置 *** 10ms， *** 全程600ms。
8注意事项1．检查中如眼球转动或肌肉紧张会造成伪迹。
电子电工术语词汇大全(中英)
电子电工术语词汇大全（中英）Aa.c.b alance indicator,交流平衡指示器a.c.bridge,交流电桥a.c.c urrent calibrator,交流电流校准器a.c.current distortion,交流电流失真a.c.inducedpolarization instrument,交流激电仪a.c.potentiometer,交流电位差计a.c.resistance box,交流电阻箱a.c.standard resistor,交流标准电阻器a.c.voltage distortion,交流电压失真a.c.voltage distortion,交流电压校准器Abbe comparator,阿贝比长仪aberration,象差ability of anti prereduced component,抗先还原物质能力ablative thickness transducer (sensor),烧蚀厚度传感器abrasion testing machine,磨损试验机absolute calibration,绝对法校准absolute coil,独立线圈absoluteerror,绝对误差absolutegravimeter,绝对重力仪absolute gravity survey,绝对重力测量absolute humidity,绝对湿度absolute method,绝对法absolute moisture of the soil,土壤（绝对）湿度absolute pressure transducer(sensor),绝对压力传感器absolute pressure,绝对压力absolute read-out,单独读出absolute resolution,绝对分辨率absolute salinity,绝对盐度absolute stability of a linear system,线性系统的绝对稳定性absolute stability,绝对稳定性absolute static pressure of the fluid,流体绝对静压absolute temperature scale,绝对温标absolute(pressure transducer,绝对压力表absoluteerror of measurement,测量的绝对误差absorbance,吸光度absorbed current image,吸收电流象absorptance, 吸收比absorptiometer,吸收光度计absorption cell,吸收池absorption coefficient,吸收系数absorption correction,吸收修正absorption edges,吸收边absorption factor,吸收系数absorption hygrometer,吸收温度表absorption spectrum,吸收光谱absorption X-ray spectrometry,吸收X射线谱法absorptivity of an absorbing,吸引材料的吸收率absorptivity,吸收率abstract system,抽象系统abundance sensityivity,丰度灵敏度AC-ACLVDT displacement transducer,交流差动变压器式位移传感器accelerated test,加速试验acceleration error coefficient,加速度误差系数acceleration of gravity,重力加速度acceleration simulator,加速度仿真器acceleration transducer(sensor),加速度传感器acceleration,加速度accelerationg voltage,加速电压accelerometer,加速度计acceptance of the mass filter,滤质器的接收容限acceptance test,验(交)收检验access,存取access time,存取时间accessibility,可及性accessories of testing machine,试验机附件accessory hardware,附属硬件accessory of limited interchangeability,有限互换附件accessory(for a measuring instrument),（测量仪表的）附件accumulated error,积累误差accumulated time difference,累积时差accumulative raingauge,累积雨量器accumulator,累加器accuracy class,精(准)确度等级accuracy limit factor(of a protective current transformer）, （保护用电流互感器的）精确度极限因数accuracy of measurement,测量精(准)确度accuracy of the wavelength,波长精确度accuracy rating,精确度限accuracy,精(准)确度acetylene regulator,乙炔减压器acetylene(pressure)gauge,乙炔压力表acoustic amplitude logger,声波幅度测井仪acoustic beacon,水声信标acoustic current meter,声学海流计acoustic element,声学元件acoustic emission amplitude,声发射振幅acoustic emission analysis system,声发射分析系统acoustic emission detection system,声发射检测系统acoustic emission detector,声发射检测仪acoustic emission energy,声发射能量acoustic emission event,声发射事件acoustic emission preamplifier,声发射前置放大器acoustic emission pulser,声发射脉冲发生器acoustic emission rate,声发射率acoustic emission rate,声发射信号acoustic emission signal processor(conditioner),声发射信号处理器acoustic emission source location and analysis system,声发射源定位及分析系统acoustic emission source location system,声发射源定位系统acoustic emission source,声发射源acoustic emission spectrum,声发射频谱acoustic emission technique,声发射技术acoustic emission transducer(sensor),声发射换能器acoustic emission,声发射acoustic fatigue,声疲劳acoustic impedance,声阻抗acoustic logging instrument,声波测井仪acoustic malfunction,声失效acoustic matching layer,声匹配层acoustic ratio,声比acoustic releaser,声释放器acoustic resistance,声阻acoustic thermometer,声学温度计；声波温度表acoustic tide gauge,回声验潮仪acoustic transponder,声应答器acoustic(quantity)transducer(sensor),声（学量）传感器acoustical frequency electric,声频大地电场仪acousticalhologram,声全息图acoustical holography by electron-beam scanning,电子束扫描声全息acoustical holography by laser scanning,激光束扫描声全息acoustical holography by mechanical scanning,机械扫查声全息acoustical holography,声全息acoustical imaging by Bragg diffraction,布拉格衍射声成像acoustical impedance method,声阻法acoustical lens,声透镜acoustically transparent pressure vessel,透声压力容器acquisition time,取数据时间actinometer,光能计；直接日射强度表；日射表active gauge length,有效基长active gauge width,有效基宽active metal indicated electrode,活性金属指示电极active remote sensing,主动遥感active transducer(sensor),有源传感器activeenergy meter,有功电度表activity,活度activity coefficient,活度系数actral transformation ratio of current transformer,电流互感器的实际变化actual material calibration,实物校准actual time of observation,实际观测时间actual transformation ratio of voltage transformer,电压互感器的实际变化actual value,实际值actual voltage ratio,实际电压比actuator bellows,执行机构波纹管actuator load,执行机构负载actuator power unit,执行机构动力部件actuator sensor interface(ASI),执行器传感器接口actuator shaft,执行机构输出轴actuator spring,执行机构弹簧actuator stem force,执行机构刚度actuator stem,执行机构输出杆actuator travel characteristic,执行机构行程特性actuator,执行机构；驱动器adaptation layer,适应层adaptive control system,适应控制系统adaptive control,（自）适应控制adaptive controller,适应控制器adaptive prediction,适应预报adaptive telemetering system,适应遥测系统adder,加法器addition method,叠加法additional correction,补充修正additivity of mass spectra,质谱的可迭加性address,地址adiabatic calorimeter,绝热式热量计adjust buffer total ion strength,总离子强度调节缓冲剂adjustable cistern barometer,动槽水银气压表adjustable relative humidity range,相对湿度可调范围adjustable temperature range,温度可调范围adjusted retention time,调整保留时间adjusted retention volume,调整保留体积adjuster,调整机构；调节器adjusting pin,校正针adjustment bellows,调节波纹管adjustment device,调整装置adjustment,调整adsorbent,吸附剂adsorption chromatography,吸附色谱法aerial camera,航空照相机aerial remote sensing,航空遥感aerialsurveying camera,航摄仪aerodynamic balance,空气动力学天平aerodynamic noise,气体动力噪声aerograph,高空气象计aerogravity survey,航空重力测量aerometeorograph,高空气象计aerosol,县浮微料；气溶胶aging of column,柱老化agitator,搅拌器agricultural analyzer,农用分析仪air capacitor,空气电容器air consumption,耗气量air damper,空气阻尼器air duct,风道air gun,空气枪air inlet,进风口air lock,气锁阀air outlet,回风口air pressrue balance,空气压力天平air pressure test,空气压力试验air sleeve,风（向）袋air temperature,气温air to close,气关air to open,气开air-borne gravimeter,航空重力仪air-deployable buoy,空投式极地浮标air-drop automatic station,空投自动气象站air-lock device,锁气装置air-tight instrument,气密式仪器仪表airborne electromagnetic system;AEM system,航空电磁系统airborne flux-gate magnetometer,航空磁通门磁力仪airborne gamma radiometer,航空伽玛辐射仪airborne gamma spectrometer,航空伽玛能谱仪airborne infrared spectroradiometer,机载红外光谱辐射计airborne optical pumping magnetometer,航空光泵磁力仪airborne proton magnetometer,航空甚低频电磁系统airborne XBT,机载投弃式深温计airgun controller,气控制器airmeter,气流表alarm summery panel,报警汇总画面alarm unit,报警单元albedograph,反射计alcohol thermometer,酒精温度表algorithm,算法algorithmic language,算法语言alidade,照准仪alignment instrument,准线仪alkali flame ionization detector(AFID),碱焰离子化检测器alkaline error,碱误差alkalinity of seawater,海水碱度all-sky camera,全天空照相机all-weather wind vane and anemometer,全天候风向风速计allocation problem,配置问题；分配问题allowable load impedance,允许的负载阻抗allowable pressure differential,允许压差allowable unbalance,许用不平衡量alpha spectrometer,α粒子能谱仪alternating(exchange)load,交变负荷alternating-current linear variable differential transformer(AC-ACLVDT), 交流极谱仪alternating temperature humidity test chamber,交变湿热试验箱altimeter,高度计altitude angle,高度角altitude meter,测高仪ambient humidity range,环境湿度范围ambient pressure error,环境压力误差ambient pressure,环境压力ambient temperature range,环境温度范围ambient temperature,环境ambient vibration,环境振动ambiguity error,模糊误差ammeter,电流表ammonia(pressure)gauge,氨压力表amount of precipitation,雨量amount of unbalance indicatior,不平衡量指示器amount of unbalance,不平衡量ampere-hour meter,安时计amplitude detector module,振幅检测组件amplitude error,振幅误差amplitude modulation(AM),幅度调制；调幅amplitude ratio-phase difference instrument,振幅比—相位差仪amplitude response,幅值响应amplitude,幅值amplitude-phase error,幅相误差analog computer,模拟计算机analog control,模拟控制analog data,模拟数据analog deep-level seismograhp,模拟深层地震仪analog input,模拟输入analog magnetic tape record type strong-motion instrument,模拟磁带记录强震仪analog model,模拟模型analog output,模拟输出analog seismograph tape recorder,模拟磁带地震记录仪analog simulation,模拟仿真analog stereopotter,模拟型立体测图仪analog superconduction magnetometer,模拟式超导磁力仪analog system,模拟系统analog telemetering system,模拟遥测系统analog transducer(sensor),模拟传感器analog-to-digital conversion accuracy,模-数转换精确度analog-to-digital conversion rate,模-数转换速度analogue computer,模拟计算单元analogue date,模拟数据analogue measuring instrument,模拟式测量仪器仪表analogue representation of a physical quantity,物理量的模拟表示analogue signal,模拟试验analogue-digital converter;A/D converter,模-数转换器；A/D转换器analogue-to-digital conversion,模/数转(变)换analysis of simulation experiment,仿真实验分析analytical balance,分析天平analytical electron microscope,分析型电子显微镜analytical gap,分析间隙analytical instrument,分析仪器analytical line,分析线analytical plotter,解析测图仪analyzer tube,分析管anechoic chamber,消声室；电波暗室anechoic tank,消声水池anemograph,风速计anemometer meast,测风杆anemometer tower,测风塔anemometer,风速表aneroid barograph,空盒气压计aneroid barometer,空盒气压表；空盒气压计aneroidograph,空盒气压计angle beam technique,斜角法angle beam testing,斜角法angle form,角型angle of attach,冲角angle of field of view,视场角angle of incidence,入射角angle of refraction,折射角angle of spread,指向角；半扩散角angle of view of telescope,望远镜视场角angle of X-ray projiction,X射线辐射圆锥角angle probe,斜探头angle resolved electron spectroscopy(ARES),角分辨电子谱法angle strain,角应变angle transducer(sensor),角度传感器angle valve,角形阀angle,角度anglg-attack transducer(sensor),迎角传感器angular acceleration transducer(sensor),角加速度传感器angular acceleration,角加速度angular displacement grationg,角位移光栅angular displacement,角加速度传感器angular displacement,角位移angular encoder,角编码器angular sensitivity,角灵敏度angular velocity transducer(sensor),角速度传感器annular chamber,环室annular coil clearance,环形线圈间隙annular space,环形间隙annunciator,信号源anode,阳极answering,应答anti-cavitation valve,防空化阀anti-contamination device,防污染装置anti-coupling bi-frequency induced polarization instrument,抗耦双频激电仪anti-magnetized varistor,消磁电压敏电阻器anti-stockes line,反斯托克线antiresonance frequency,反共振频率antiresonance,反共振aperiodic dampong,非周期阻尼；过阻尼aperiodic vibration,非周期振动aperture of pressure difference,压差光阑aperture photographic method,针孔摄影法aperture stop,孔径光栏aperture time,空隙时间aperture,光阑apparatus for measuring d.c.magnetic characteristic with ballistic galvanometer, 冲击法直流磁特性测量装置apparent temperature,表观温度appearance potential spectrometer(APS),出现电热谱法appearance potential spectrometer,出现电热谱仪appearance potentical,出现电位application layer protocol specification,应用层协议规范application layer service definition,应用室服务定义application layer(AL),应用层application software,应用软件approval,批准approximate absolute temperature scale,近似绝对温标aqueous vapour,水汽arc suppressing varstor,消弧电压敏电阻器arctic buoy,极地浮标area effect,面积影响area location,区域定位area of cross section of the main air flow,主送风方向横截面积argon ionization detector,氩离子化检测器argon-ion gun,氩离子枪arithmetic logic unit(ALU),算术逻辑运算单元arithmetic mean,算术平均值arithmetic weighted mean,算术加权平均值arithmetical mean deviation of the(foughness)profile,(粗糙度）轮廓的算术平均偏差arm error,不等臂误差armature,动铁芯array configuration,阵排列array,阵,阵列arrester varistor,防雷用电压敏电阻器articulated robot,关节型机器人artificial defect,人工缺陷artificial environment,人工环境artificial field method instrument,人工电场法仪器artificial intelligence,人工智能artificial seawater,人工海水ash fusion point determination meter,异步通信接口适配器asynchronous input,异步输入asynchronous transmission,异步传输atmidometer,蒸发仪,蒸发表atmometer,蒸发仪；蒸发表atmoradiograph,天电强度计atmosphere,气氛atmospheric counter radiation,天气向下辐射atmospheric electricity,大气电atmospheric opacity,大气不透明度atmospheric pressure altimeter,气压高度计atmospheric pressure ionization(API),大气压电离atmospheric pressure,气压atmospherics,天电；远程雷电atom force microscope,原子力显微镜atomic absorption spectrometry,原子吸收光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry,原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,原子荧光光度计atomicmass unit,原子质量单位atomic number correction,原子序数修正atomic-absorption spectrophotometer,原子吸收分光光度计atomin spectrum,原子光谱atomization,原子化atomizer,原子化器attenuation coefficient,衰减系数attenuation length,衰减长度attenuation,衰减attenuator,衰减器attitude transducer(sensor),姿态传感器attitude,姿态audio monitor,监听器audio-frequency spectrometer,声频频谱仪audit,审核Auger electron energy spectrometer(AEES),俄歇电子能谱仪Auger electron image,俄歇电子象Auger electron spectrometer,俄歇电子能谱仪Augerelectron spectroscopy(AES),俄歇电子能谱法aurora,极光auto-compensation logging instrument,电子自动测井仪auto-compound current transformer,自耦式混合绕组电流互感器auto-polarization compensator,自动极化补偿器autocorrelation function,自相关函数automatic a.c.,d.c.B-H curve tracer,交、直流磁特性自动记录装置automatic balancing machine,自动平衡机automatic control souce of vacuum,真空自动控制电源automatic control system,自动控制系统automatic control,自动控制automatic data processing,自动数据处理automatic exposure device,自动曝光装置automatic feeder for brine,盐水溶液自动补给器automatic focus and stigmator,自动调焦和消象散装置automatic level,自动安平水准仪automatic levelling compensator,视轴安平补偿器automatic programming,自动程度设计automatic radio wind wane and anemometer,无线电自动风向风速仪automatic railway weigh bridge,电子轨道衡automatic scanning,自动扫查automatic spring pipette,自动弹簧式吸液管automatic testing machine,自动试验机automatic titrator,自动滴定仪automatic tracking,自动跟踪automatic vertical index,竖直度盘指标补偿器automaticweather station,自动气象站automatic/manualstation;A/M station,自动/手动操作器automation,自动化automaton,自动机auxiliary attachment,辅件auxiliary controller bus(ACB),辅助控制器总线auxiliary crate controller,辅助机箱控制器auxiliary devices,辅助装置auxiliary equipment(of potentiometer),(电位差计的）辅助设备auxiliary gas,辅助气体auxiliary output signal,辅助输出信号auxiliary storage,辅助存储器auxiliary terminal,辅助端auxiliary type gravimeter,助动型重力仪availability,可用性available time,可用时间average availability,平均可用度average nominal characteristic,平均名义特性average sound level,平均声级average value of contarmination,污染的平均值average wind speed,平均风速average,平均值axial clearance,轴向间隙axial current flow method,轴向通电法axial load,轴向载荷axial sensitivity,轴向灵敏度axial vibration,轴向振动axis of rotation,摆轴；旋转轴axix of strain gauge,应变计(片)轴线BB-scope,B型显示back flushing,反吹background current,基流backgroundmass spectrum,本底质谱backgroundnoise,背景噪声backgroundprocessing,后台处理backgroundprogram,后台程度background,后台,背景,本底Backman thermometer,贝克曼温度计backscattered electron image,背散射电子象backward channel,反向信道baffle wall,隔板balance for measuring amount of precipitation,水量秤balance output,对称输出balance quality of rotor,转子平衡精度balance wieght,平衡块balance,天平balanced plug,平衡型阀芯balancing machine sensitivity,平衡机灵敏度balancing machine,平衡机balancing speed,平衡转速balancing,平衡ball pneumatic dead wieght tester,浮球压力计ball screw assembly,滚珠丝杠副ball valve,球阀ballistic galvanometer,冲击栓流计balzed grating,闪耀光栅band width of video amplifier,视频放大器频宽band,频带bandwidth,带宽bar primary bushing type current transformer,棒形电流互感器barograph,气压计barometer cistern,气压表水银槽barometer,气压表barometric correction,气压表器差修正barometrograph,空盒气压计barothermograph,气压温度计barrel distortion,桶形畸变；负畸变base line,基线base peak,基峰base unit(of measurement),基本（测量）单位base,基底baseband LAM,基带局域网baseline drift,基线漂移baseline noise,基线噪声baseline potential,空白电位baseline value,空白值basic NMR frequency,基本核磁共振频率basic standard,基础标准batch control station,批量控制站batch control,批量控制batch inlet,分批进样batch of strain gauge,应变计(片)批batch processing simulation,批处理仿真batch processing,成批处理Baud,波特bdaring support,支承架beam deflector,电子束偏转器beam path distance,声程beam ratio,声束比beam spot diameter,束斑直径beam,横梁；声速beam-deflection ultrasonic flowmeter,声速偏转式超声流量计beam-loading thermobalance,水平式热天平bearing axis,轴承中心线bearing,轴承；刀承beat frequency oscillator,拍频振荡器beat method(of measurement),差拍（测量）法Beaufort scale,蒲福风级Beckman differential thermometer,贝克曼温度计bed,机座Beer' law,比尔定律bell manometer,钟罩压力计bell prover,钟罩校准器bellows seal bonnet,波纹管密封型上阀盖bellows(pressure)gauge,波纹管压力表bellows,波纹管bench mark,水准点bending strength,弯曲强度bending vibration,弯曲振动bent stem earth thermometer,曲管地温表Besson nephoscope,贝森测云器betatron,电子回旋加速器；电子感应加速器bezel ring,盖环bi-directional vane,双向风向标；双风信标bias voltage,偏压bilateral current stabilizer,双向稳流器bimetallic element,双金属元件bimetallic instrument,双金属式仪表bimetallic temperature transducer(sensor),双金属温度传感器bimetallic thermometer,双金属温度计binary coded decimal(BCD),二-十进制编码binary control,二进制控制binary digital,二进制数字binary elastic scattering event,双弹性散射过程binary elastic scattering peak,双弹性散射峰binary element,二进制元binary signal,二进制信号biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)microbial transducer(sensor),微生物BOD传感器biochemical oxygen demand meter for seawater,海水生化需氧量测定仪biochemical quantity transducer(sensor),生化量传感器biological quantity transducer(sensor),生物量传感器biomedical analyzer,生物医学分析仪biosensor,生物传感器bird receiving system,吊舱接收系统bit error rate,误码率bit serial,位串行bit,比特；位bit-serial higgway,位串行信息公路bivane,双向风向标；双风信标black box,未知框black light filter,透过紫外线的滤光片black light lamp,紫外线照射装置blackbody chamber,黑体腔blackbody furnace,黑体炉blackbody,黑体bland test,空白试验block check,块检验block diagram,方块（框）图block length,字块长度blocktransfer,块传递block,块体；字块；字组；均温块blood calcium ion transducer(sensor),血钙传感器blood carbon dioxide transducer(sensor),血液二氧化碳传感器blood chloried ion transducer(sensor),血氯传感器blood electrolyte transducer(sensor),血液电解质传感器blood flow transducer(sensor),血流传感器blood gas transducer(sensor),血气传感器blood oxygen transducer(sensor),血氧传感器blood PH transducer(sensor),血液PH传感器blood potassium ion transducer(sensor),血钾传感器blood sodium ion transducer(sensor),血钠传感器blood-group immune transducer(sensor),免疫血型传感器blood-pressure transducer(sensor),血压传感器blood-volume transducer(sensor),血容量传感器blower device,鼓风装置bluff body,阻流体Bode diagram,博德图body temperature transducer,体温传感器bolometer,辐射热计；热副射仪bomb head tray,弹头托盘bonnet,上阀盖boomerang grab,自返式取样器boomeranggravity corer,自返式深海取样管booster,增强器bore(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）内孔borehloe gravimetry,井中重力测量borehole acoustic television logger,超声电视测井仪borehole compensated sonic logger,补偿声波测井仪borehole gravimeter,井中重力仪borehole thermometer,井温仪bottom flange,下阀盖bottom surface,底面bottom-loading thermobalance,下皿式热天平bottorm echo,底面反射波Bouguer's law,伯格定律Bourdon pressure sensor,弹簧管压力检测元件Bourdon tube(pressure)gauge,弹簧管压力表Bourdon tube,弹簧管；波登管box gauge,箱式验潮仪BP-scope,BP 型显示Bragg's equation,布拉格方程braking time,制动时间braking torque(of an integrating instrument),（积分式仪表的）制动力矩branch cable,支线电缆branch,分支breakdown voltage rating,绝缘强度breakpoint,断点breather,换气装置bremsstrahlung,韧致辐射bridge for measuring temperature,测温电桥bridge resistance,桥路电阻bridge's balance range,电桥平衡范围bridge,桥接器Brienll hardenss tester,布氏硬度计bright field electron image,明场电子象brightness,亮度Brinell hardnell penetrator,布氏硬度压头Brinell hardness number,布氏硬度值broad band spectrum,宽波段broad-band random vibration,宽带随机振动broadband LAN,定带局域网broadcast,广播BT-calibrationg installation,深温计(BT)检定装置bubble,水准泡bubble-tube,吹气管bucket thermometer,表层温度表buffer solution,缓冲溶液buffer storage,缓冲存储器buffer,缓冲器built-in galvanometer,内装式检流计built-in-weigthts,挂码bulb length(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡长度bulb(of filled system themometer),（压力式温度计的）温包bulb(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡bulb,温包；感温泡bulk type semiconductor strain gauge,体型半导体应变计bulk zinc oxide varistor,体型氧化锌电压敏电阻器bump test,连续冲击试验；颠簸试验bump testing machine,连续冲击台bump,连续冲击buoy array,浮标阵buoy float,浮标体buoy motion package,浮标运动监测装置buoy station,浮标站buoy,浮标buoyancy correction,浮力修正buoyancy level measuring device,浮力液位测量装置burden(of a instrument transformer),（仪用互感器的）负载burning method,燃烧法burst acoustic emission signal,突发传输bus line,总线bus master,总线主设备bus mother board,总线母板bus network,总线网bus slave,总线从设备bus topology,总线拓扑bus type current transformer,母线式电流互感器bus,总线bushing type current transformer,套管式流互感器busy state,忙碌状态busy,忙butterfly valve,蝶阀by-pass,旁路by-pass injector,旁通进样器by-pass manifold,旁路接头by-pass valve,旁通阀Byram anemometer,拜拉姆风速表byte frame,字节帧byte serial,字节串行byte,字节byte-serial highway,字节串行住信处公路CC-scope,C型显示cabinet ,柜cable noise,电缆噪声cable type current transformer,电缆式电流互感器cable-tension transducer,电缆张力传感器cage guiding,套筒导向cage,套筒；潜水罐笼cake adhesive retention meter,泥饼粘滞性测定仪calcuated nornal folw coefficient,正常计算流量系数calculated maximum flow coefficient,最大计算流量系数calibrate,定标calibrated measuringpvolumetric)tank,校准测量(容积计量)容器calibrating period,校准周期calibrating voltage,校准电压calibration (of thermometer),（温度计的）标定calibration block,标准试块calibration characteristics,校准特性；分度特性calibration coefficient of wave height,波高校正系数calibration component,校准组分calibration curve,校准曲线；分度曲线calibration cycle,校准循环calibration equation,校准公式,分度公式calibration equipment of reversing thermometers,颠倒温度表检定设备calibration factor of the primary device,一次装置的校准系数calibration gas mixture,校准混合气calibration hierarchy,校准层次calibration point,校准点；分度点calibration quantity,校准量calibration record,校准记录calibration rotor,标定转子calibration solution,校准液calibration table,校准表（格）calibration traceability,校准溯源性calibration,校准calibrator above ice-point,零上检定器calibrator below ice-point,零下检定器calibrator for ice-point,零点检定器calibrator,校验器caliper profiler,横幅厚度计calling,呼叫calomel electrode,甘汞电极calorifier,加热器calorimeter,热量计cam bezel ring,卡口式盖环CAMAC branch driver,CAMAC 分支驱动器CAMAC branch-highway,CAMAC 分支信息公路CAMAC compatible crate,CAMAC兼容机箱CAMAC crate assembly,CAMAC 机箱装置CAMAC crate,CAMAC 机箱CAMAChighway,CAMAC 信息公路CAMACmodule,CAMAC 模块CAMACoperation,CAMAC 操作CAMAC parallel highway,CAMAC 并行信息公路CAMAC serial driver,CAMAC 串行驱动器CAMAC serial highway,CAMAC 串行信息公路CAMAC system,CAMAC 系统camera length,相机长度camflex valve,偏心旋转阀Campbell-stokes sunshine recorder,聚集日照计；歇贝斯托克日照计canonical state variable,规范化状态变量capacitance balance,电容平衡capacitance hygrometer,电视湿度计capacitance pressure transducer,电容式压力传感器capacity correction,容量修正capacity factor,容量因子capillary column,毛细管柱capillary gas chromatograph,毛细管气相色谱仪capillary gas chromatography,毛细管气相色谱法capillary phenomenon,毛细现象capillary tube (of liquid-in-glass thermometer),(玻璃温度计的）毛细管capillary viscometer,毛细管粘度计capsule(pressure)gauge,膜盒压力表capsule,膜盒captive chains calibration,链码校准carat balance,克拉天平carbon and hydrogen analysis meter,碳氢元素分析仪carbon humidity-dependent resistor,碳湿敏电阻器card punch,卡片穿孔机card reader,卜片阅读机Carlson type strain gauge,卡尔逊应变计carrier gas,载气carrier ring,夹持环carrier sense multiple access with collision detection(CSMA/CD), 具有冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问carrier sense,载波侦听carrier sync,载波同步carrier,载波cartridge disk drive,盒式磁盘机cartridge disk,盒式磁盘cascade control,串级控制cascade system,串级系统cascade(inductive)voltage transformer,级联式(感应式)电压互感器case,外壳casing,外壳cassette,盒式磁带；卡式磁带；暗盒catadioptric telescope,折反射望远镜catalysis element,催化元件catalyticanalyzer,催化分析器catalytic chromatography,催化色谱法catalytic gas transducer(sensor),催化式气体传感器cathode of electron gun,电子枪阴极cathode ray null indicator,阴极射线指零仪cathode,阴极cavitation corrosion,气蚀cavitation noise,空化噪声cavitation,空化ceilometer,云幂仪cell constant,电池常数cell potential transducer(sensor),细胞电位传感器cell,电池；传感器Celsius temperature scale,摄氏温标Celsius temperature,摄氏温度Celsius,摄氏度center of strike,打击中心central conductor method,中心导体法；电流贯通法central principal inertia axis,中心主惯性轴central processing unit(CPU),中央处理单元central processor,中央处理器centrality, 集中性centralized control,集中控制centralized intelligence,集中智能centralized management system,集中管理系统centralized network,集中式网络centralized process control computer,集中型过程控制计算机centrifugal balancing machine,离心力式平衡机centrifugal tachometer,离心式转速表ceramic microphone,陶瓷传声器ceraunograph, 雷电计ceraunometer,雷电仪certificate of conformity,合格证书certificate of control,控制证书certification of conformity of an instrument for explosive atmosphere,防爆合格证certification system,认证体系certification,认证certified standard material,有证标准物质chained list,链接表change of temperature test,温度变化试验channel,信道；通道character code,字符码character recognition,字符识别character set,字符集；字符组character,字符character-at-time printer,一次一字符打印机(印刷机)；串行打印机characteristic "fast",“快”特性characteristic "impulse",“脉冲”响应特性characteristic curve,特性曲线characteristic impedance,特性阻抗characteristic locus,特征轨迹characteristic X-ray,特征X射线characteristic"slow",“慢”特性charge amplifier,电荷放大器chargeneutralization,电荷中和chargesensitivity,电荷灵敏度chart drivingmechanism,传纸机构chart lines,记录纸分度线chart scale length,记录纸标度尺长度chart,记录纸closed loop transfer function,闭环传递函数closed loop zero,闭环零点closed position,关闭位置closed system,封闭系统closing valve time,关阀时间closure member,截流件cloud amount,云量cloud balancer,测支平衡器cloud base,云底cloud chamber,云室；云零室cloud detection radar,测云雷达cloud direction,云向cloud height indicator,云高指示器cloud height meter,云幂仪cloud searchlight,云幂灯cloud speed,云速cloud top,云顶cloud-base recorder,云底记录仪cloud-drop sampler,云滴取校器cloudiness radiometer,云辐射仪cloverleaf buoy,三叶浮标Coanda effect,附壁效应coarse vacuum,粗真空；前级真空coastal zone color scanner(CZCS),海岸带水色扫描仪coaxiality,同轴度code,代码；代号；规程；规范code converter;D/D converter,代码转换器；D/D转换器code-transparent data communication,代码透明的数据通信coded circle,编码度盘coefficient of chromatic aberration,色差系数coefficient of interference,干扰系数coefficient of radial distortion,径向畸变系数coefficient of rotational distortion,旋转畸变系数coefficient of spherical aberration,球差系数coefficient of variation,变异系数coercivity meter,矫顽力计coil galvanometer,线圈式振动子coil method,线圈材料coil method,线圈法coincidence discrimination,符合鉴别coincidence level,度盘合像装置cold test,寒冷试验cold-cathode source,冷阴极离子源collate,整理collector slit,接收器狭缝collector,集电器collimation axis,视轴collimation line,视准线collision,冲突,碰撞collisional activation mass spectrometer,碰撞激活质谱计collisional activation,碰撞激活colorimeter,比色计；色度计colour filter,颜色滤光片colour meter,水色计column capacity,柱效能column life,柱寿命columnswitching,柱切换column,镜筒column-parity field,列奇偶校验字段coma,彗差combination digital logger,数字式综合测井仪combination electrode,复合电极combination logging instrument,组合测井仪combination water meter,复式水表combined column,复合柱combined load testing machine,得合试验机combined pressure and vacuum gauge,压力真空表combined test cabinet,综合试验箱combined test,综合试验command accepted,命令接受command message,命令报文command operation,命令操作command,命令command-reply transaction,命令—回答事务commissioning test,运行试验common control signals,公共控制信号common magnet galvanometer,共磁式振动子common mode rejection ratio(CMRR),共模抑制比common mode rejection,共模抑制common mode signal,共模信号。
电气安全名词术语english解释
电气安全名词术语解释1基本概念1.1保安性fail-safe为防止产品本身的危险故障而设计的性能。
1.2正常状态nromal condition所有用于防止危险的设施均无损坏的状态。
1.3电气事故electric accident由电流、电磁场、雷电、静电和某些电路故障等直接或间接造成建筑设施、电气设备毁坏、人、动物伤亡，以及引起火灾和爆炸等后果的事件。
1.4触电电击electric shock电流通过人体或动物体而引起的病理、生理效应。
1.5电磁场伤害injury due to electromagnetic field人体在电磁场作用下吸收能量受到的伤害。
1.6破坏性放电介质击穿disruptive discharge dielectric breakdown固体、液体、气体介质及其组合介质在高电压作用下，介质强度丧失的现象。
破坏性放电时，电极间的电压迅速下降到零或接近于零。
1.7短路short circuit通过比较小的电阻或阻抗，偶然地或有意地对一个电路中在正常情况下处于不同电压下的两点或几点之间进行的连接。
1.8绝缘故障insulation fault绝缘电阻的不正常下降。
1.9接地故障earth fault由于导体与地连接或对地绝缘电阻变得小于规定值而引起的故障。
1.10过电流overcurrent超过额定电流的电流。
1.11过电压overvoltage超过额定电压的电压。
1.12过负载overload超过额定负载的负载。
1.13导电部分conductive part能导电，但不一定承载工作电流的部分。
1.14带电部分live part正常使用时被通电的导体或导电部分，它包括中性导体，但按惯例，不包括保护中性导体(PEN导体)。
注：此术语不一定意味着触电危险。
1.15外露导电部分exposed conductive part电气设备能被触及的导电部分。
它在正常时不带电，但在故障情况下可能带电。
的电气专业名词中英对照表
low intensity AOL 低光强航空障碍灯 high intensity AOL 高光强航空障碍灯
AQR = automatic reactive power regulator 自动无功功率调整器
arcing chamber 灭弧室 armature 电枢 ASS = automatic synchronizing system 自 动同期系统
cable laying 电缆敷设 cable laying & list 电缆敷设及清册 cable mezzanine 电缆夹层 cable raceway system 电缆通道系统 cable rack 电缆支架 cable shaft 电缆竖井 cable support 电缆支架 cable suspender 电缆吊架 cable terminal 电缆终端头 cable tray 电缆桥架 cable trench 电缆沟 cable tunnel 电缆隧道 cable vault 电缆夹层 control cable with copper tape shield 铜 带屏蔽的控制电缆 call 呼叫 call back 回叫 call signal 呼叫信号 external calling 外部呼叫 internal calling 内部呼叫 calling 主叫 detail calling record 呼叫详细记录 candle power distribution curve 配光曲 线 capability 能力 out-of-phase breaking capability 失步开 断能力 pressure relief capability 压力释放能力 rated closing capability 额定关合能力 short-line fault breaking capability 近区 故障开断能力 transient overvoltage capability 暂态过 电压能力 capability of switching long no-load line 分合长空载线路能力
事件相关诱发脑电位物理知识
事件相关诱发脑电位物理知识
事件相关诱发脑电位物理知识
事件相关(诱发)脑电位(event-relatedbrainpotentialERP)
与声音、闪光、触击等刺激相应的头皮电位变化，也称诱发电位(evokedpotential,EP)。
它比自发脑电位EEG，幅度要小得多，只有几微伏，频率通常在0.02Hz～40kHz。
诱发电位ERP有多种，如听觉诱发电位AEP、视觉诱发电位VEP、体感诱发电位SEP和认知诱发电位CEP等。
ERP的潜伏期小于80ms的外生分量主要与刺激的物理、物理参数有关;而潜伏期大于80ms的.内生分量，则取决于心理过程。
外生分量可用于寻找脑内产生器和感觉皮层定位及临床诊断与脑有关的神经科疾病;内生分量则可用于脑思维活动的研究。
电力专业术语英汉对照表
突然损失发电机或线路：sudden loss of a generator or transmission line. 负荷突然增加或减少：sudden load increases or decreases短路和开关操作：short circuits and switching operations.三相和对地短路：three-phase and line-to-ground faults短路器：circuit breaker暂态过电压和电流：transient overvoltages and currents雷击：lightning strikes电涌放电器：surge arrester相量：phasor，通常用复数phasors瞬时功率：instantaneous power特别地：In particular,正弦电压或电流：A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency最大值：maximum value有效值：effective value平均值：average value坐标系实轴：real axis坐标系虚轴：imaginary axis相量图：phasor diagram for …无源元件：passive elements电阻、电感、电容、电抗：resistor, inductor, and capacitor, reactance,感性、容性：inductive, capacitive有功功率：real power or active power无功功率：reactive power功率因数：power factor功率因数角：power factor angleA single-phase source delivers 100kW to a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.物理意义：The physical significance of ……与…同相位：…be in phase with…Example：For a purely resistive load, the current into the load is in phase with the load voltage. 如式（2.1）所示：As indicated by (2.1), ……落后(超前)…多少相位：The current lags（leads） the voltage by 90.正弦稳态：sinusoidal-steady-state让a＝b，得到：Letting a=b gives按照惯例（通常）：By convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive.时间区间：a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval T. 额定值：rating. 例：额定功率－power rating；发电机额定功率－power rating of electric generator；额定电压：voltage rating.基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程：Kirchhoff’s current(voltage) law。
生理学基本概念的中英文名词解释
绝对不应期absolute refractory periodThe time interval during which a cell is incapable of initiating a second action potential.动作电位action potentialAn action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential. Each action potential begins with a sudden change from the normal resting negative potential to a positive membrane potential (depolarization) and then ends with an almost equally rapid change back to the negative potential (repolarization).主动转运active transportThe movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy后负荷afterloadAfterload is the load that is given to the muscle after the beginning of the contraction.自身调节autoregulationIn certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to the environmental changes, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation.完全强直收缩complete tetanusWhen the frequency of stimulation reaches a critical level, the successive contractions are so rapid that they literally fused together, and the contraction appears to be completely smooth and continuous. This is called completely tetanus.去极化depolarizationThe change in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium.入胞endocytosisVery large particles enter the cell by a specialized function of the cell membrane called endocytosis. The principle forms of endocytosis are pinocytosis and phagocytosis.平衡电位equilibrium potentialElectrochemical equilibrium is a steady state, as in the resting membrane potential of a cell ,in which an electrical potential and chemical potential gradient are in balance and no net movement of charged particles occurs.兴奋性excitabilityExcitability is the ability of certain kinds of cells (excitable cell) to generate active changes in their membrane potential. Excitability is a fundamental property common to all tissues and cells. 兴奋excitationExcitation signifies and increases in activity, such as contraction of a muscle, acceleration of the heart beat.出胞exocytosisA stimulus to secrete causes the intracellular vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane and to release the vesicles contents is called exocytosis.易化扩散facilitated diffusionIn facilitated diffusion, transport proteins (carrier and channel proteins) hasten the movement of certain substances across a membrane down their concentration gradients.以通道为中介的转运facilitated diffusion via ion channelChannels are membrane proteins that contain small, highly selective aqueous pores. Channels usually allow specific ion, eg ,Na+,K+,Ca2+ or Cl- to move down their electrochemical gradients across the membrane.反馈feedbackFeedback is a flow of information along a closed loop. Usually, a constancy of physiological variable requires a feedback mechanism that feeds the output information back to the control system so as to modify the nature of control.稳态HomeostasisHomeostasis is the maintenance of a constant state with special reference to the internal medium. 体内in vivoExperiments performed on the whole body.内环境internal environmentAll cells of the body live in the extracellular fluid, extracellular fluid is called the internal environment of the body.等长收缩isometric contractionTension increases but the length of the muscle does not change when a muscle contracts.等张收缩isotonic contractionTension remains constant but the muscle shortens when a muscle contracts.负反馈negative feedbackA regulated variable is sensed, information is sent to a controller, and action is taken to oppose change from the desire value.神经肌肉接头neuromuscular junctionThe complex structure responsible for signal transmission from nerve to skeletal muscle.正反馈positive feedbackWith positive feedback, a variable is sensed and action is taken to reinforce change of the variable, so it promotes a change in one direction.前负荷preloadPreload is the load that is given to the muscle prior to its contraction.相对不应期relative refractory periodA period follows the end of the absolute refractory period, during which it is possible to elicit a second action potential, but the threshold stimulus intensity is higher than usual.复极化repolarizationShortly after depolarization, the sodium channels begin to close and the potassium channels open more than they normally do. Then, rapid diffusion of potassium ions to the exterior re-establishes the normal resting potential. This is called repolarization of the membrane.静息电位resting potentialThe difference in electrical potential across the membrane of an undisturbed cell, having a positive sign on the outside surface and a negative sign in the interior.跳跃传导salutatory conductionConduction of a nerve impulse down a myelinated nerve fiber by skipping from node to node.单纯扩散simple diffusionDiffusion means simply movement through the membrane caused by random motion of the molecules of the substances, moving either through cell membrane pores or through the lipid matrix of the membrane.钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pumpThe sodium-potassium pump is responsible for the coupled active transport of Naせout of cells and Kせinto cells. Sodium-potassium pump is also an adenosine triphosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).凝集agglutinationDuring blood transfusion, the red blood cells aggregated together in clumps which were sufficiently large to block minor blood vessels. This clumping is known as agglutination.血液凝固blood coagulationThe coagulation system consists of cofactors and a series of zymogens which sequentially activate one another, leading to formation of fibrin at a site of vascular injury.血型blood groupBlood groups are system of genetically determined antigenic substances on the membrane of red blood cells.血压blood pressureBlood pressure means the force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall.交叉配血cross-match testSerum from recipient is tested against the donor's cells, and serum from donor is tested against the recipient's cells, this test is called cross-matching test.红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rateWhen blood to which an anticoagulant has been added stands in a narrow tube, the red cells gradually sediment, leaving a clear zone of plasma above. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is measured as the length to column of clear plasma after one hour.红细胞生成素erythropoietinErythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys which stimulates hemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis.纤维蛋白溶解fibrinolysisIn many cases fibrin within blood vessels is rapidly dissolved to restore the fluidity of the blood, and in others the fibrin becomes hyalinized or is removed by phagocytes and replaced by connective tissue. The process of liquefaction of fibrin is known as fibrinolysis.血红蛋白hemoglobinHemoglobin is a chromoprotein found in the red blood cells and having a great affinity for oxygen.自动节律性autorhythmicityAutorhythmicity is the ability to initiate its own beat. Many cardiac tissues are found to have autorhythmicity, for example sinoatrial node, intraventricular tracts and Purkinje cells. In addition to the cardiac tissue, the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract has also autorhythmicity.容量血管capacitance vesselsThe veins have wide lumen and contain a greater volume of blood than any other section of the circulation does, thus the veins are referred to as the capacitance vessels.心动周期cardiac cycleThe cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next are called a cardiac cycle . Cardiac cycle is composed of two periods: systole and diastole.心指数cardiac indexCardiac index is the cardiac output per square meter of body surface area.心输出量cardiac outputThe product of the frequency of pumping (heart rate) and the stroke volume is the cardiac output; it is also called minute volume.心力储备cardiac reserveThe ability of the heart to adapt need of organism for expelling a larger quantity of blood above the basal level.心血管中枢cardiovascular centerThe cardiovascular centers are responsible for integration of sensory information and subsequent modification of efferent autonomic nerve activity to the heart and blood vessels.中心静脉压central venous pressureThe venous pressure as measured at the right atrium.代偿间歇compensatory pauseThe pause between the extra beat and the next normal beat is slightly longer than the usual beat interval, which is called compensatory pause.舒张压diastolic pressureDiastolic pressure is the lowest blood pressure in an artery during the diastole of the heart.有效不应期effective refractory periodThe duration from the beginning of phase 0 to -60mV of repolarization fails to produce action potential to any stimulus, no matter how strong. This duration is called ERP. In the ERP, the excitability is almost zero.射血分数ejection fractionThe proportion of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected (i.e. stroke volume/end diastolic volume).心电图electrocardiogramThe synchronized depolarizations spreading through the heart cause currents that establish field potential, whose differences can be amplified and detected by electrodes placed on the body surface. The record produced is called electrocardiogram.交换血管exchange vesselThe capillaries are tubes formed by a single layer of endothelial cells,. They create a very large area where the material exchanges between blood and the tissue cells take place.心音heart soundWhen the valves close, the vanes of the valves and the surrounding fluids vibrate under the influence of the sudden pressure differentials that develop, giving off sound that travels in all directions through the chest. These sounds are called heart sounds.异常自身调节heterometric autoregulationRegulation of cardiac output as a result of changes in cardiac muscle fiber length is called heterometric regulation.平均动脉压mean arterial pressureThe mean arterial blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries, average over time.微循环microcirculationMicrocirculation is the circulation between arterioles and venules. In the microcirculation, the most purposeful function of the circulation occurs: transport of nutrients to the tissues and removal of cellular excreta.起搏点pacemakerThe automatic cells that ordinarily fire at the highest frequency which are located in the sinoatrial node, excitation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node.期前收缩premature systoleWhen a second action potential is triggered at the very start of the relative refractory period, the second contraction is superimposed on the semirelaxed phase of the first contraction. This phenomenon is called premature systole.脉压pulse pressureThe pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.每搏输出量stroke volumeStroke volume is referred to the volume ejected at each contraction by one side of the heart.每搏功stroke workThe stroke work of the heart is the amount of energy that the heart converts to work during each heart beat while pumping blood into arteries.收缩压systolic pressureThe pressure rises during cardiac systole and falls during diastole. The peak pressure value reached during systole is termed the systole pressure. Usually, at rest systolic pressure of the healthy young adult is 100~120mmHg.肺泡通气量alveolar ventilationThe amount of air reaching the alveoli per minute, at rest it generally amounts to 4.2L/min.解剖无效腔anatomic dead spaceThe space in the conducing zone of the airways occupied by gas that does not exchange with blood in the pulmonary vessels, such as in the nose, pharynx, and trachea since these area is not useful the gas exchange process but instead goes to fill respiratory passages.波尔效应Bohr effectThe increased oxygen release by hemoglobin in the presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels (the effects shift the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left and upward). By forming hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide loading facilitates oxygen unloading, i.e., the decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls, which is closely related to the fact that deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) binds H+ more actively than does oxyhemoglobin. 顺应性complianceDistensibility, the ability of the lungs to tolerate changes in volume, a property that reflects the presence of elastic fibers. It is defined as the change in volume per unit change in pressure(△V/△P), the reciprocal of the compliance.弹性阻力elastic resistanceA term used to describe the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall; the resistance or elastance (△V/△P),the reciprocal of the compliance.机能余气量functional residual capacityIt equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml).何尔登效应Haldane effectThe increase in carbon dioxide unloading from hemoglobin in response to the combination of oxygen with hemoglobin, i.e., when oxygen binds with hemoglobin, carbon dioxide is released.补吸气量inspiratoy reserve volumeThe air inspired with a maximal inspiratoy effort in excess of the volume. i.e., the maximum extra volume of air that be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume, it is usually equal to about 3000ml.胸内压intrapleural pressureThe pressure within the pleural cavity is called intrapleural pressure.肺内压intrapulmonary pressureThe pressure within the alveoli of the lungs, also called intrapulmonary pressure.氧含量oxygen contentThe oxygen content is used to indicate how much O2 per liter of blood is attached to the hemoglobin in normal arterial blood, described as percent saturated.氧离曲线oxygen dissociation curveThe graph of the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the degree of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, which has a characteristic sigmoid shape表面活性物质pulmonary surfactantA detergent-like mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins that lowers the surface tension of water, produced by surfactant-secreting (Type-II) cells. It is a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), other lipids, and proteins.肺通气pulmonary ventilationThe total amount of new air moved into the respiratory passages each minute; equal to the tidal volume times the respiratory rate. The minute respiratory volume generally amounts to 6L/min.余气量residual volumeThe air left in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort. This volume averages about 1200 milliliters.潮气量tidal volumeThe amount of air that moves into the lungs with each inspiration (or the amount that moves out with each expiration) i.e., the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath; it amounts to about 500ml.肺总容量total lung capacityThe maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort (about 5800ml); it is equal to the vital capacity plus the residual volume.通气-血流比ventilation /perfusion ratioThe ratio of pulmonary ventilation to pulmonary blood flow for the whole lung, at rest about 0.8 (4.2 L/min ventilation divided by 5.5 L/min blood flow).吸收absorptionAbsorption is the process of transporting small molecules from the lumen of the gut into blood stream.基础代谢率basal metabolic rateThe basal metabolic rate is the metabolic rate determined under basal conditions which includes complete mental and physical relaxation in a room or a comfortable temperature and 12~14 hours after the last meal.体温body temperatureThe body temperature is often referred to core temperature. The core refers to the central area of the body, including the brain and viscera, which are maintained at a constant temperature.消化digestionDigestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form.能量代谢energy metabolismThe energy metabolism means the liberation, transformation and utilization of energy produced by the material metabolism in the body.胃排空gastric emptyingGastric emptying is promoted by the intense peristaltic contractions in the stomach antrum. At the same time, emptying is opposed by varying degrees of resistance to the passage of chyme at the pylorus.胃泌素gastrinGastrin is a gut hormone secreted by the endocrine G cells in the gastric pyloric mucosa and duodenum mucosa. Gastrin is secreted in two forms, a large form called G-34, and a smaller form, G-17.调定点set pointAt a critical body core temperature, drastic changes occur in the rate of both heat loss and heat production. That is, all the temperature control mechanisms continually attempt to bring the body temperature back to this set-point level.慢波slow waveIf an electrode is inserted into a smooth muscle, it records a recurring depolarization, they are called slow waves or basic electrical rhythm (BER). Slow waves are not action potential, but show undulating changes in the resting membrane potential.出汗sweatingSweating is an active secretory process from eccrine sweat glands which are widely distributed over the surface of body.醛固酮aldosteroneAldosterone is a sodium-retaining hormone of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone reduces sodium excretion and increases potassium excretion by the kidneys, this increasing sodium and decreasing potassium in the body.抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormoneA product of neurohypophyseal which, through its action on kidneys, promotes the conservation of body water.皮质肾单位cortical nephronThe nephrons have their glomerular located in the outer and middle portion of the renal cortex are called cortical nephrons.肾小球有效滤过压glomerular effective filtration pressureThe effective filtration pressure of glomerular represents the sum of the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces that either favor or oppose filtration across the glomerular capillaries.肾小球滤过分数glomerular filtration fractionThe glomerular filtration fraction is the filtration rate as percentage of the total renal plasma flow that passes through both kidneys.球管平衡glomerulotubular balanceOne of the most basic mechanisms for controlling tubular reabsorption is the intrinsic ability of the tubules to increase their reabsorption rate in response to increased tubular inflow. This phenomenon is referred to as glomerular-tubular balance.渗透性利尿osmotic diuresisAn increase in urine flow due to excretion of an osmotic active solute.肾糖阈renal glucose thresholdWhen the plasma glucose concentration increases up to a value about 180 to 200 mg per deciliter, glucose can first be detected in the urine, this value is called the renal glucose threshold.肾素reninAn enzyme of renal origin that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.水利尿water diuresisThe volume of urine increases when water intake exceeds body needs, it is resulted from suppression of ADH secretion适应adaptationWhen a maintained stimulus of constant strength is applied to a receptor, the frequency of the action potential in its sensory nerve deadens over time. This phenomenon is known as adaptation.适宜刺激adequate stimulusThe stimulus that a receptor is specialized to receive and transduce. In the case of the eye, the adequate stimulus would be visible light, in the ear it would be sound waves, and so on.暗适应dark adaptationOn going from a light environment into a darker one, there is a gradual increase in sensitivity allowing dimmer lights to be seen, a mechanism known as dark adaptation.简化眼reduced eyeIf all the refractive surfaces of the eye are algebraically added together and then considered to be one single lens, the optics of the normal eye may be simplified and represented schematically as a "reduced eye".视敏度visual acuityVisual acuity is defined as the ratio of the distance of the individual from the chart to the distance at which the details of the correctly read line subtend 1'of arc.视野visual fieldThe field of vision is the area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area seen to lateral side is called the temporal field of vision.胆碱能神经纤维cholinergic fiberA kind of neuron that liberates acetylcholine at its synaptic knobs with activity.条件反射conditioned reflexA conditioned reflex is a reflex response to a stimulus that previously elicited little or no response, acquired by repeatedly pairing to stimulate with another stimulus that normally does produce the response.去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidityWhen the brain stem is sectioned below the midlevel of the mesencephalon, the rigidity occurs in the antigravity muscles. This phenomenon is called decerebrate rigidity.脑电图electroencephalogramThe minute electrical currents spontaneously generated by neuronal activity which recorded from the scalp or directly from the cortical surface.诱发电位evoked potentialThe various discrete electrical changes in the encephalon or the spinal cord which can be produced by stimulation of sense organs or of some point along the ascending pathways to it.兴奋性突触后电位. excitatory postsynaptic potentialThe excitatory postsynaptic potential is the local postsynaptic depolarization due to release of excitatory transmitter from presynaptic terminals. EPSP brings the membrane closer to threshold and makes it more likely that an action potential will be triggered.抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potentialA hyperpolarizing potential at a synapse that reduced the excitability of the postsynaptic cell.运动单位motor unitA motor axon, together with all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.非特异性传导系统nonspecific projection systemDiffuse projections from the nonspecific thalamic nuclei connecting the ascending reticular activating system to widespread areas of cortex have a role in modifying the states of consciousness which is called nonspecific projection system.突触后抑制postsynaptic inhibitionThe presynaptic neuron liberates an inhibitory transmitter increasing the permeability of thepostsynaptic membrane to potassium ions and /or chloride ions thereby increasing the negativity of the postsynaptic membrane potential. In this hyperpolarized state it is difficult tostimulate.突触前抑制presynaptic inhibitionA process which reduces the amount of synaptic transmitter liberated by action potentials arriving at excitatory synaptic knobs. The neuron producing presynaptic inhibition ends on an excitatory synaptic knob.牵涉痛referred painDamage to an internal organ is commonly associated with pain or tenderness not in the organ but in some skin region sharing the same segmental innervation. This phenomenon is called referred pain.第二信使second messengerA small, diffusible molecule produced when a hormone combines with a cell membrane receptor and which carries the message to the inside of the cell.特异性传导系统specific projection systemThe specific sensory projection system uses relatively direct pathways through specific thalamic nuclei to restricted cortical regions.脊休克spinal shockComplete transection of the spinal cord results in the immediate paralysis and loss of sensation in all body regions innervated by spinal cord segments below the lesion, this phenomenon is called spinal shock.牵张反射stretch reflexWhen a skeletal muscle with an intact nerve supply is stretched, the muscle being stretched contracts. This is a monosynaptic reflex called the stretch reflex.非条件反射unconditioned reflexA fixed reflex whose mechanism may be supposed to be inherited as its functioning does not depend on previous experience.激素hormoneA hormone can be defined as a chemical substance (a compound), which is synthesized and secreted by a specific cell type. It is generally transported in the circulation and at very low concentrations elicits a specific response in target tissues affecting the activities of cells in another portion of the body.胰岛素insulinA hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets; causes a reduction in plasma glucose concentrations. Insulin lowers blood glucose mainly by facilitating glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and by inhibiting hepatic glucose output.甲状腺激素thyroid hormoneThe thyroid hormone is referred to thyroxine and triiodothyronine which increase the rate of chemical reactions in almost all cells of the body, thus increasing the general level of body metabolism.。
p300事件相关电位
p300事件相关电位摘要：1.事件相关电位的概念2.P300 事件相关电位的特点3.P300 事件相关电位的应用4.P300 事件相关电位的研究进展正文：事件相关电位（Event-related potential，ERP）是一种记录脑电活动的方法，通过检测脑电信号中与特定事件相关的电位变化，来研究认知过程和大脑功能。
P300 事件相关电位是其中一种常见的ERP 成分，它通常在刺激呈现后300 毫秒左右出现，因此得名P300。
P300 事件相关电位具有以下特点：首先，它具有很高的时间分辨率，可以精确地反映大脑在处理信息时的认知过程。
其次，P300 电位具有较好的稳定性，重复性好，因此在不同实验条件下得到的结果具有较高的可比性。
最后，P300 事件相关电位可以被多种刺激类型引发，如视觉刺激、听觉刺激、甚至触觉刺激，这使得它成为研究各种认知过程的理想指标。
P300 事件相关电位在众多领域都有广泛应用，例如心理学、生理学、认知科学、人机交互等。
通过分析P300 电位，研究者可以了解被试在完成特定任务时的认知策略、工作记忆状态、甚至情绪变化。
在人机交互领域，P300 电位也被用于评估用户对界面的认知和情感反应，从而优化界面设计，提高用户体验。
近年来，随着脑成像技术的发展，P300 事件相关电位的研究取得了突破性进展。
例如，通过结合功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，研究者可以同时获取P300 电位和脑活动区域的信息，从而更深入地了解大脑在处理信息时的功能分布和相互作用。
此外，基于机器学习的数据分析方法也被应用于P300 电位的分析，进一步提高了数据的处理效率和结果的可解释性。
总之，P300 事件相关电位作为一种重要的脑功能指标，在认知过程研究、人机交互等领域发挥着重要作用。
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关于“事件相关电位”名词中英对照表（欢迎修改和补充）
自发电位electroencephalogram(EEG) 自然状态下发生的脑电
事件相关电位event-related potentials(ERP)
诱发电位evoked potentials(EP)
垂直眼电vertical electrooculogram(VEOG)
水平眼电horizontal electrooculogram(HEOG)
输入阻抗input impendance 输出阻抗output impendance
共模抑制比common mode rejection ratio(CMRR)
高通high-pass 低通low-pass
模数转换analog to digital converter(A/D)
波幅分辨率amplitude resolution（AR）
陷波notch-filter
主成分分析法principal component analysis ( PCA)
独立成分分析法independent component analysis (ICA)
源成分分析法source component analysis
分析时间epoch
参考电极转换reference electrode conversion
总平均grand average
数字滤波digital filter
平滑化smooth
听觉诱发电位auditory evoked potential (AEP)
视觉诱发电位visual evoked potential (VEP)
体觉诱发电位somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)
脑干听觉诱发电位brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)
正慢波positive slow wave (PSW)
负慢波negative slow wave (NSW)
失匹配负波mismatch negativity (MMN)
加工负波processing negativity (PN)
预备电位readiness potential (RP)
外源性成分exogenous component 内源性成分endogenous component 中源性成分mesogenous compenent
伴随性负波contingent negative variation (CNV)
朝向波orientation wave 期待波expectance wave
解脱波extrication of mental load (EML)
运动相关电位movement-related potential
运动预备电位bereitschafts potential (BSP) Cz 点上记录的电位
运动电位moto potential (MP) 即N2
运动后电位post-movement wave 即P2
内侧前额叶mesial prefrontal cortex
辅助运动区supplementary motor area (SMA)
初级运动区primary motor cortex
偏侧预备电位lateralized readiness potential (LRP)
晚正复合体late positive complex
额叶P3 frontal P3 顶叶P3 parietal P3
识别电位recognition potential (RP)
前置刺激法preempt stimulus technique
快速序列刺激法rapid stream stimulation
效果监控performance monitoring
错误负波error negativity 错误正波error positivity
错误相关负波error-related negativity
照度illumination 亮度luminance 纯音pure tone 短声click
白噪声broadband noise/white noise 语音phonetic
高通滤波high-pass filtering 低通滤波low-pass filtering
地形图（空间电位分布图）topography 头皮电位分布图scalp-distribution map
峰潜伏期peak latency 始潜伏期onset latency
峰值测量peak amplitude measure 面积测量area measure 取中法midlatency procedure 全时程波幅分析quantifying entire waveforms
反应锁时电位response-locked potentials。