医学英语视听说+Women’s+Health

Women’s Health Challenge
Reduce the maternal mortality rate： ： every year, in the world, 520,000 maternal death，98％ death occurred in developing countries, due to unable to provide proper antenatal care during delivery 中国每年大约有7000名妇女在分娩中死 去，这一数字较上世纪90年代下降了 59%，但仍占全球孕产妇死亡总人数的 1.3%。
Breast Cancer: Myths
1. Men can’t get breast cancer. 2. Underwire bras can cause breast cancer. 3. Women under age 40 don’t get breast cancer. 4. A lump in the breast is breast cancer. 5. Breast cancer only develops in one breast. 6. A mastectomy is the only treatment for breast cancer. 7. Women with small breasts have a very low risk of developing breast cancer. 8. If breast cancer doesn’t run in my family, I won’t get it. 9. Only my mother’s family history of breast cancer affects me. 10. Eating high-fat food causes breast cancer. 11. A monthly breast self-exam is the best way to diagnose breast cancer. 12. A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence.
Types of Breast Cancer
position --ductal carcinoma --lobular carcinoma invasiveness --invasive breast cancer --in situ breast cancer (noninvasive) the presence of estrogen receptors --estrogen receptors-positive cancer -- estrogen receptors-negative cancer
What are the women’s Health？
Maternal-child health？ Reproductive health？ Mental Health? Gynecological Health ？ General Health Well-being？ Gender difference in health ?
Symptoms and Signs
Early breast cancer usually does not cause symptoms. A lump may be too small for you to feel or to cause any unusual changes you can notice on your own. This is why regular breast exams are important.
Women’s Health Indicators in China
Incidence of breast cancer Incidence of Cervical cancer Lung Cancer Maternal mortality rate
Health Challenges in Women’s Lifespan
Factors Impacts on Women’s Health
Accessibility in health care Role equality Women’s work and income Career women and family life Family member and marital relationship Unexpected accident or injury Disability women Family and sexual violence Occupational Health
Teenage：stress from school, Body image, ： depression, drug abuse, STD, suicide Childbearing age: Maternal role change, fatigue postpartum, new mother role Elderly age： adopt to physical and ： psychological change, empty nest, depression, suicide
Symptoms of advanced breast cancer may include:
Bone pain Breast pain or discomfort Skin ulcers Swelling of one arm (next to breast with cancer) Weight loss
Chronic Disease among Women
Cardiac Disease Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Arthritis Cancer
Chinese Women’s Mental Health
Rural and farm areas, women has the highest suicide rate (WHO） ） Women is 25% more likely to committed suicide than men 50％of women in rural area committed ％ suicide by pesticide
As the cancer grows, symptoms may include: swelling of all or part of the breast skin irritation or dimpling breast pain nipple pain or the nipple turning inward redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin a nipple discharge other than breast milk a lump in the underarm area
Unit 4 Women’s Health
October 13, 2010
பைடு நூலகம்
Dimension of Women’s Health
Consider ： Women’s Role（stress、role function） （ 、 ） Health care for women’s health needs Health needs and change across lifespan
Challenges of Teenage Mothers
Health Problem: STD、unexpected pregnancy, maternal and infant nutritional status, pregnancy care Social Support: pregnancy and child care Social economic challenges Violence and drug abuse Lack of self-protection and prevention
Breast Cancer
A cancer starting in the tissue of the breast An uncontrolled growth of breast cells A malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast
The Top Five Cause of Death in China among Urban Women
恶性肿瘤 心脏病 脑血管病 呼吸系统疾病 损伤、中毒等外部疾病
Women’s Disease Data in China
宫颈癌是全球妇女恶性肿瘤中仅次于乳腺癌的第二位最 常见的恶性肿瘤，在中国女性中发病率居第一位。 世界上每年新发病例近50万人，亚洲占50％，而中国占 其中的1/3，世界上每年死于宫颈癌的人数达20万人，中 国每年死于宫颈癌的人数约2～3万，且每年还以2%～3％ 的速度增加，日趋年轻化。 现有宫颈癌患者40万人，死亡率达11.30%，宫颈癌每年 新发病例约13.15万； 近10年我国乳腺癌发病率增加了47%，每年有20余万乳腺 癌新发病例。2003年到2009年7年内，我国城市乳腺癌患 者死亡率增长了38.91% 目前，中国糖尿病患者人数达9200万，数量达到世界第 一。
Breast Cancer Weight Problem
去世时间： 2007年5月13日18时57 分 去世原因：患乳腺 癌 去世地点：广东省 深圳市
Pink Ribbon
• The pink ribbon is an international symbol of breast cancer awareness. • Pink Ribbon Inc. is a New York registered, internationally operating charity organization aimed to create a global community to support breast cancer patients, survivors and their families all over the world. (/ )
Exam and Tests
Physical exam Mammography to help identify the breast lump Breast MRI (Magnatic Resonance Imaging 核磁共振)to help better identify the breast lump Breast ultrasound to show whether the lump is solid or fluidfilled Breast biopsy, needle aspiration, or breast lump removal to remove all or part of the breast lump for closer examination by a laboratory specialist CT scan: computed tomography scan Sentinal lymph node biopsy PET scan：Positron Emission Tomography Scan 检验酮体 的断层扫描
Treatment
Chemotherapy medicines to kill cancer cells Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue Surgery to remove cancerous tissue -- a lumpectomy removes the breast lump; -- a mastectomy removes all or part of the breast and possible nearby structures Hormonal therapy is prescribed to women with ER-positive breast cancer to block certain hormones that fuel cancer growth.