信管专业英语基础知识(1)概要
信管专业英语基础知识(1)
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专业英语中的词汇来源
来源于英语中的普通词，但被赋予了新的词义。 来源于希腊或拉丁语。 由两个或两个以上的单词组成合成词。 派生词（derivation） 借用词 通过词类转化构成新词 名词化
信息管理专业英语
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来源于英语中的普通词 但被赋予了新的词义
信息管理专业英语 的基础知识(一)
信息管理专业英语
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信管专业英语基础知识
专业英语的特点 信管专业英语词汇的构词法分析 信管专业英语资料的阅读与翻译 专业英语中的常用语法知识
信息管理专业英语
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1.1 专业英语的特点
科技文体是自然科学和技术人员从事专业 活动时使用的一种文体，如科学著作、学 术论文、实验报告、设计报告、科技产品 说明书、科技产品操作指导等都属于科技 文体。科技文体讲究逻辑的条理清楚和叙 述的准确严密，与其它文体有显著的区别
信息管理专业英语
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有短划线“-”连接的合成词
push +up → push-up 上拉 pull + down → pull-down 下拉 paper + free → paper-free 无纸的 jumper + free → jumper-free 无跳线的 user + centric → user-centric 以用户为中心的 power + plant → power-plant 发电站 conveyer + belt → conveyer-belt 传送带 machine + made → machine-made 机制的 reading + room → reading-room 阅览室
信管专业英语第一章精品PPT课件
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Reason of her success
➢Her determination, drive, innovation, and leadership ➢Acknowledge the important role her team plays ➢Value the input of the staff and the frontline workers
© Prentice Hall, 2002
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A Manager’s Dilemma
The one error that people make early on there careers is that they are very selective about opportunities, so they avoid some, prefer others. I always accepted all opportunities that presented themselves because from each one you can learn something, and they serve as a platform for future endeavors.
© Prentice Hall, 2002
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
AND ORGANIZATIONS
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Learning Objectives
You should learn to: – Explain what a manager is and how the role of a manager has changed – Define management – Distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness – Describe the basic management functions and the management process – Identify the roles performed by managers
专业英语（信管）教学大纲
专业英语（信管）教学大纲《专业英语》课程教学大纲课程代码：040642703课程英文名称：Professional English课程总学时：32 讲课：32 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：信息管理与信息系统大纲编写（修订）时间：2017.06一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标本课程是一门职业基础课，其主要任务是通过本课程的学习，使学生应掌握信息管理与信息系统的专业英语词汇，能读懂英文的专业资料并能达到一般专业知识的英汉互译水平，将学生培养成为复合型人才，为他们今后走上工作岗位从事实际工作打下必要基础。
通过本课程的学习，学生将达到以下要求：1、掌握基本的信息管理与信息系统专业领域英语词汇；2、能阅读英文的专业资料；3、有一定的英汉互译水平。
（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1.基本知识：掌握初级的商务英语表达能力，了解信息管理与信息系统专业的常见名词，能够对其进行英汉互译。
词汇量要求为200个。
2.基本理论和方法：复习巩固基础英语中所学的语法知识。
能用所学词汇和语法知识正确理解与课文难度相仿的文章，能初步掌握英译汉的基本方法和技巧，能借助词典将与专业有关的英文资料译成汉语，基本通顺。
能听懂句子结构简单、语言材料熟悉的句子，能用英语进行简单的日常会话并能回答教师提出的简单问题，能组成意思完整的简单句子。
3.基本技能:掌握信息管理与信息系统专业的常见的听书读写的能力。
（三）实施说明1．教学方法：课堂讲授中要重点对基本语法和生僻词句进行讲解；采用启发式教学，培养学生思考问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力；引导和鼓励学生通过实践和自学获取知识，培养学生的自学能力；开展讨论课，调动学生学习的主观能动性；注意培养学生提高利用标准、规范及手册等技术资料的能力。
讲课要联系实际并注重培养学生的创新能力。
2．教学手段：本课程属于技术基础课，在教学中采用电子教案、CAI课件及多媒体教学系统等先进教学手段，以确保在有限的学时内，全面、高质量地完成课程教学任务。
信管专业英语Unit1
心有多远，你就能走多远
Management and Its Functions
Unit 1
目录
1
New words
2 3 4
Phrases Notes Text
5
Exercises
1 New words
[1]effectively adv. 有效地，生效地；有力地；实际 上 • If you can use a word correctly and effectively, you comprehend it. • 你如果能正确和有效地使用一个字， 你就了解它 了。 • But to do all that effectively, they must first jump out of the box and leave the building. • 但要有效地做到这一切，他们必须首先跳出框框， 离开充斥着成见的办公楼。
• [15]infuse vt. 灌输；使充满；浸渍 • vi. （茶叶、草药等）被泡 • Many of the girls seemed to be infused with excitement on seeing the snow. • 许多女孩子似乎一看到雪心里就充满了兴奋。 • The goal was to “access this genius” and let it infuse all design decisions. • 其目的是“接近这个精灵”，然后再由它将所有 的设计决定注入其中。
• [16]downsizing n. 精简，裁员；缩小规模 • She wasn't sheded in the bout of downsizing. • 在那次精简人员的大潮中，她幸运地保住了她的 工作。 • On downsizing, the first to go are those with few friends.
信息管理专业英语教程
信息管理专业英语教程英文回答：Information Management is a rapidly evolving field that encompasses the collection, storage, organization, and dissemination of information. It plays a vital role in various industries, including banking, healthcare, education, and government. As a result, information management professionals are in high demand.To meet the growing demand for skilled information management professionals, universities and colleges offer a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs in this field. These programs typically cover topics such as information systems, database management, data mining, and information security. In addition to technical skills, students also learn about the legal and ethical issues related to information management.Graduates of information management programs are well-prepared for careers in a variety of settings. They canwork as information architects, database administrators, data analysts, or information security analysts. With experience, they can move into management positions or pursue advanced degrees.If you are interested in a career in information management, there are a few things you can do to prepare yourself. First, develop strong analytical and problem-solving skills. Second, take courses in computer science, statistics, and mathematics. Third, gain experience working with data. Finally, network with professionals in the field.中文回答：信息管理是一个快速发展的领域，包括信息的收集、储存、组织和传播。
信息管理专业英语unit 1 Reading Material
Data(数据), Information(信息), Knowledge, and Wisdom(智慧) There is probably(可能) no segment(项) of activity in the world attracting(吸引) as much attention(注意) at present as that of knowledge management(管理). Yet as I entered this arena(领域) of activity I quickly found there didn't seem to be a wealth(丰富) of sources that seemed to make sense in terms of defining(定义) what knowledge actually was, and how was it differentiated(区别) from data, information, and wisdom. What follows is the current level(水平) of understanding I have been able to piece together(拼凑) regarding data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. I figured(认为) to understand one of them I had to understand all of them.According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist(理论家) and professor of organizational(组织的) change, the content(内容) of the human mind(意识) can be classified(分类) into five categories(范畴):Data: symbols(符号)Information: data that are processed(处理) to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questionsKnowledge: application(应用) of data and information; answers "how" questionsUnderstanding(理解): appreciation(评价) of "why"Wisdom: evaluated(有价值的) understanding.Ackoff indicates(指出) that the first four categories relate(联系) to the past; they deal(处理) with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates(结合) vision(想象力) and design(设计). With wisdom, people can create the future rather than just grasp(掌握) the present and past. But achieving(达到) wisdom isn't easy; people must move successively through the other categories.A further elaboration(阐述) of Ackoff's definitions(定义) follows:Data... data is raw(未加工的). It simply exists(存在) and has no significance(重要性) beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form(形态), usable or not. It does not have meaning(含义) of itself. In computer parlance(用法), a spreadsheet(电子数据表) generally(一般地) starts out by holding(含有) data. Information... information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational(相关的) connection(连接). This "meaning" can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer parlance, a relational database(数据库) makes informationfrom the data stored within it.Knowledge... knowledge is the appropriate(适当的) collection(组) of information, such that it's intent(目的) is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic(确定性的) process(过程). When someone "memorizes"(记忆) information (as less-aspiring(消极的) test-bound(被考试束缚的) students often do), then they have amassed(积聚) knowledge. This knowledge has useful meaning to them, but it does not provide for, in and of itself, an integration(整合) such as would infer(推导) further(更多的) knowledge. For example, elementary school(小学) children memorize, or amass knowledge of, the "times table"(乘法表). They can tell you that "2 x 2 = 4" because they have amassed that knowledge (it being included(包含) in the times table). But when asked what is "1267 x 300", they can not respond(回答) correctly because that entry(内容) is not in their times table. To correctly answer such a question requires(需要) a true cognitive(认知的) and analytical(分析的) ability that is only encompassed(包含) in the next level... understanding. In computer parlance, most of the applications(应用) we use (modeling(建模), simulation(模拟), etc.) exercise(使用) some type of stored knowledge.Understanding... understanding is an interpolative(添加的) and probabilistic(或然的) process. It is cognitive and analytical. It is the process by which I can take knowledge and synthesize(合成) new knowledge from the previously(以前) held(持有的) knowledge. The difference between understanding and knowledge is the difference between "learning" and "memorizing". People who have understanding can undertake(担任) useful actions(行动) because they can synthesize new knowledge, or in some cases(情形), at least new information, from what is previously known (and understood). That is, understanding can build upon currently(当前) held information, knowledge and understanding itself. In computer parlance, AI(人工智能) systems possess(拥有) understanding in the sense(意义) that they are able to synthesize new knowledge from previously stored information and knowledge. Wisdom... wisdom is an extrapolative() and non-deterministic(非确定的), non-probabilistic(非或然的) process. It calls(调用) upon all the previous levels of consciousness(意识), and specifically(特别地) upon special types of human programming() (moral(道德的), ethical(伦理的) codes(代码), etc.). It beckons to(示意) give us understanding about which there has previously(以前) been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence(本质) of philosophical(哲学的) probing(探索). Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly-known answer period(时期). Wisdom is therefore(因此), the process by which we also discern(辨别), or judge(判断), between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses(拥有) wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely(独特地) human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul(心灵), for it resides(存在) as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is somethingmachines will never possess (or perhaps I should reword(改写) that to say, a soul is something that, in general, will never possess a machine).Personally I contend(主张) that the sequence(序列) is a bit less involved(涉及) than described(描述) by Ackoff. The following diagram(图表) represents(表现) the transitions(变化) from data, to information, to knowledge, and finally to wisdom, and it is understanding that support the transition from each stage(等级) to the next. Understanding is not a separate(独立的) level of its own.Data represents a fact or statement(陈述) of event(事件) without relation to other things.Ex: It is raining.Information embodies(包含) the understanding of a relationship of some sort, possibly cause(原因) and effect(结果).Ex: The temperature(温度) dropped(下降) 15 degrees(度) and then it started raining.Knowledge represents a pattern(模式) that connects and generally(一般地) provides a high level of predictability(预言) as to what is described or what will happen(发生) next.Ex: If the humidity(湿度) is very high and the temperature drops substantially(充分地) the atmospheres(大气) is often unlikely to be able to hold the moisture(湿气) so it rains.Wisdom embodies more of an understanding of fundamental(基本) principles(原理) embodied within the knowledge that are essentially(本质上) the basis for the knowledge being what it is. Wisdom is essentially systemic(系统化的).Ex: It rains because it rains. And this encompasses(包含) an understanding of all the interactions(相互作用) that happen between raining, evaporation(蒸发), air currents(流通), temperature gradients(梯度), changes, and raining.Yet, there is still a question regarding(关于) when is a pattern knowledge and when is it noise(垃圾数据). Consider the following:Abugt dbesbt regtc uatn s uitrzt.ubtxte pstye ysote anet sser extessibxtedstes bet3 ibtes otesb tapbesct ehractsIt is quite likely this sequence represents 100% novelty(新奇), which means it's equivalent(等于) to noise. There is no foundation(基础) for you to connect with the pattern(模式), yet to me the statements are quite meaningful as I understand the translation with reveals(显露) they are in fact Newton's 3 laws of motion. Is something knowledge if you can't understand it?Now consider the following:I have a box.The box is 3' wide, 3' deep, and 6' high.The box is very heavy.The box has a door on the front of it.When I open the box it has food in it.It is colder inside the box than it is outside.You usually find the box in the kitchen(厨房).There is a smaller compartment(分隔) inside the box with ice in it.When you open the door the light comes on.When you move this box you usually find lots of dirt(灰尘) underneath(在...下面) it. Junk(垃圾) has a real habit of collecting on top of this box.What is it?A refrigerator(冰箱). You knew that, right? At some point in the sequence you connected with the pattern and understood it was a description of a refrigerator. From that point on each statement only added confirmation(确认) to your understanding.If you lived in a society that had never seen a refrigerator you might still be scratching(搔) your head as to what the sequence of statements referred(针对) to. Also, realize(认识到) that I could have provided you with the above statements in any order and still at some point the pattern would have connected. When the pattern connected the sequence of statements represented knowledge to you. To me all the statements convey(传达) nothing as they are simply 100% confirmation ofwhat I already knew as I knew what I was describing(描述) even before I started.译文：数据，信息，知识，和智慧目前，世界上可能有不断的活动吸引尽可能多的注意力去关注知识管理。
信息管理与信息系统专业英语：专业词汇的中英文翻译和具体英文介绍
1. informationInformation, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.(信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。
信息可以被记录为标志,或传输信号。
信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。
从概念上讲,信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。
这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。
[1]此外,信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。
(完整版)信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结
Lesson1distributed applications 分布式应用程序competitive advantage 竞争优势data warehouses 数据仓库incompatible databases 不兼容数据库decision support systems 决策支持系统executive information systems 执行信息系统DBMS——database management systems 数据库管理系统entry 款目metadata 元数据mainframe computer大型计算机desktop computer台式计算机laptop computer膝上型计算机spreadsheet 电子表格LAN ------local area network 局域网database server 数据库服务器user views 用户视图data security 数据安全性data integrity 数据完整性concurrent user 并发用户data updating 数据更新data redundancy 数据冗余consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性distributed database 分布式数据库telecommunications network 远程通讯网Lesson2automatic indexing自动标引human indexing 人工标引extraction indexing 抽词标引assignment indexing赋词标引controlled vocabulary 受控词表non-substantive words 非实意词index terms 标引词automatic stemming 自动抽取词干weight 权值clue words 提示词inverted file 倒排文档absolute frequency 绝对词频relative frequency 相对词频information retrieval 信息检索syntactic criteria 句法规则word string 词串NLDB——Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库MAI——machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引recall ratio 查全率precision ratio 查准率descriptor 叙词thesaurus 叙词表semantic vocabulary 语义词表concept headings 概念标题consistency of indexing 标引的一致性underassignment 欠量赋词overassignment 过量赋词back file 备份文件main heading 主标题subheading 副标题access point 检索点Lesson3machine-readable form 机读形式source document 源文献subject indexing 主题标引back-of-the-book indexing书后标引indexing scheme 标引方案NFAIS——National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services（美国）国家文摘与信息服务联合会scope notes 范围注释permuted list 轮排词表CAS——Chemical Abstracts Service 化学文摘社character set 字符集statistical correlation 统计关联ISI——Institute for Scientific Information （美国）科学情报社co-citation indexing 共引文标引SCI——Science Citation Indexes 科学引文索引SSCI——Social Science Citation Indexes 社会科学引文标引bibliometric analysis 书目计量分析Lesson4performance enhancement 性能改善scarce resources 稀缺资源proxy servers 代理服务器JAVA executables JAV可执行程序source code 源代码streaming media 流媒体outsourcing 业务外包wild card characters 通配符real-time traffic analysis 实时流量分析static web pages 静态网页ISDN——Integrated Services Digital Network 综合服务数据网URL——Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符HTML——Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标识语言CGI——Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口XML——Extension Markup Language 扩展标识语言OR——Operation Record 操作记录IIS——Internet Information Services 网络信息服务Lesson5IR——information retrieval 信息检索search engine spam 搜索引擎垃圾soft computing 软计算data mining 数据挖掘information fusion 信息融合classification 分类clustering 聚类thesaurus construction 词表构建Web page categorization 网页分类JPG——Joint Photographic Experts Group 图像文件格式GIF——Graphics Interchange Format 可交换的图像文件格式PNG——Portable Network Graphic 可移植的网络图像文件格式the WWW Consortium 万维网联盟HTTP——Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议TCP——Transfer Control Protocol 传输控制协议ASCII——American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息互换标准代码CPUCentral Processing Unit 中央处理器Lesson6black－box services 黑箱服务delivering information 传递信息videoconferencing 视频会议cross reference互见，相互参照timeliness 及时性cross check 交叉检查，核对knowledge framework 知识结构Lesson7IP——intellectual property 知识产权electronic holdings of libraries 电子馆藏information infrastructure 信息基础设施copyright 版权patent 专利exclusive right 专有权subsequent editions 后续版本Lesson8encryption technologies 加密技术decrypted digital version 解密数字版本fair use doctrine 公平利用原则authenticity and integrity of the information 信息的可靠性和完整性DMCA——the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 数字千年版权法DVD——digital video diskencyclopedias 百科全书Lesson9CKO——chief knowledge officer 知识主管knowledge sharing 知识共享manual 手册competitive intelligence 竞争情报search engine 搜索引擎artificial intelligence 人工智能drill-down access 深度查询accessibility 可获得性knowledge discovery 知识发现quantitative data 定量数据qualitative data 定性数据virtual warehouses 虚拟(数据)仓库virtual library 虚拟图书馆relational database 关系数据库research and development 研发（研究与开发）directory 指南newsletter 简讯intelligent search agents 智能检索代理information resources 信息资源performance evaluation 性能评价Lesson10CIO——chief information officer信息主管ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划CRM——Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理Collaborative Applications Environment 协同应用环境workflow package 工作流软件包Lesson11rights of information users 信息用户的权利obligations of information users 信息用户的义务terms and conditions 条款。
信息管理英语课件ppt (1)
Exercises
请做课后练习 练习参考答案请参阅本书附录
Notes
[4] Information theory is closely associated with a collection of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions. 本句中，that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more是一个定语从句，修饰和限定a collection of pure and applied disciplines。冒号: 后面的adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions是对a collection of pure and applied disciplines的 举例说明。
信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结[精选]
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信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结[精选]第一篇：信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结[精选]Lesson1 distributed applications 分布式应用程序 competitive advantage 竞争优势 data warehouses 数据仓库incompatible databases 不兼容数据库decision support systems 决策支持系统executive information systems 执行信息系统DBMS——database management systems 数据库管理系统entry 款目metadata 元数据mainframe computer大型计算机 desktop computer台式计算机 laptop computer膝上型计算机 spreadsheet 电子表格LAN------local area network 局域网 database server 数据库服务器 user views 用户视图 data security 数据安全性 data integrity 数据完整性 concurrent user 并发用户 data updating 数据更新 data redundancy 数据冗余consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性distributed database 分布式数据库telecommunications network 远程通讯网Lesson2 automatic indexing自动标引 human indexing 人工标引extraction indexing 抽词标引assignment indexing赋词标引controlled vocabulary 受控词表 non-substantive words 非实意词index terms 标引词automatic stemming 自动抽取词干 weight 权值clue words 提示词 inverted file 倒排文档absolute frequency 绝对词频relative frequency 相对词频information retrieval 信息检索syntactic criteria 句法规则word string 词串NLDB——Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库 MAI——machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引recall ratio 查全率precision ratio 查准率 descriptor 叙词 thesaurus 叙词表semantic vocabulary 语义词表 concept headings 概念标题consistency of indexing 标引的一致性 underassignment 欠量赋词 overassignment 过量赋词 back file 备份文件 main heading 主标题 subheading 副标题 access point 检索点Lesson3 machine-readable form 机读形式 source document 源文献subject indexing 主题标引back-of-the-book indexing书后标引 indexing scheme 标引方案NFAIS——National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services（美国）国家文摘与信息服务联合会scope notes 范围注释 permuted list 轮排词表CAS——Chemical Abstracts Service 化学文摘社 character set 字符集statistical correlation 统计关联ISI——Institute for Scientific Information（美国）科学情报社co-citation indexing 共引文标引SCI——Science Citation Indexes 科学引文索引SSCI——Social Science Citation Indexes 社会科学引文标引bibliometric analysis 书目计量分析Lesson4 performance enhancement 性能改善scarce resources 稀缺资源 proxy servers 代理服务器JAVA executables JAV可执行程序source code 源代码streaming media 流媒体 outsourcing 业务外包wild card characters 通配符real-time traffic analysis 实时流量分析 static web pages 静态网页ISDN——Integrated Services Digital Network 综合服务数据网URL——Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符HTML——Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标识语言CGI——Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口XML——Extension Markup Language 扩展标识语言 OR——Operation Record 操作记录IIS——Internet Information Services 网络信息服务Lesson5 IR——information retrieval 信息检索 search engine spam 搜索引擎垃圾 soft computing 软计算 data mining 数据挖掘information fusion 信息融合 classification 分类 clustering 聚类thesaurus construction 词表构建 Web page categorization 网页分类JPG——Joint Photographic Experts Group 图像文件格式GIF——Graphics Interchange Format 可交换的图像文件格式PNG——Portable Network Graphic 可移植的网络图像文件格式 the petitive intelligence 竞争情报 search engine 搜索引擎artificial intelligence 人工智能drill-down access 深度查询accessibility 可获得性knowledge discovery 知识发现quantitative data 定量数据qualitative data 定性数据virtual warehouses 虚拟(数据)仓库 virtual library 虚拟图书馆relational database 关系数据库research and development 研发（研究与开发）directory 指南newsletter 简讯intelligent search agents 智能检索代理 information resources 信息资源 performance evaluation 性能评价Lesson10CIO——chief information officer信息主管ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划CRM——Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理Collaborative Applications Environment 协同应用环境workflow package 工作流软件包Lesson11rights of information users 信息用户的权利obligations of information users 信息用户的义务terms and conditions 条款第二篇：信息管理与信息系统专业英语复习资料信管专业英语复习资料【P1】An information society is a society in which the creation, distribution, diffusion, use, and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.（译）信息社会是一个以信息创建、发布、传播、使用和管理为重要经济、政治和文化活动的社会。
信管专业英语
Unit 1 Management Information SystemTextIntroduction to Management Information SystemWhat Is MIS?The first step in learning how to apply information technology to solve problems is to get a broader picture of what is meant by the term management information system. You probably have some experience with using computers and various software packages. Yet, computers are only one component of a management information system. A management information system (MIS), or computer information system (CIS), consists of five related components: hardware, software, people, procedures, and collections of data. The term information technology (IT) represents the various types of hardware and software used in an information system, including computers and networking equipment. The goal of MIS is to enable managers to make heifer decisions by providing quality information.The physical equipment used in computing is called hardware. The set of instructions that controls the hardware is known as software. In the early days of computers, the people directly involved in MIS tended to be programmers, design analysts, and a few external users. Today, almost everyone in the firm is involved with the information system. Procedures are instructions that help people use the systems. They include items such as user manuals, documentation, and procedures to ensure that backups are made regularly. Data-bases are collections of related data that can be retrieved easily and processed by the computers. As you will see in the cases throughout the book, all of these components are vital to creating an effective information system.So what is information? One way to answer that question is to examine the use of information technology on three levels: (1) data management, (2) information systems, and (3) knowledge bases. Data consists of factual elements (or opinions or comments) that describe some object or event. Data can be thought of as raw numbers or text. Data management systems focus on data collection and providing basic reports. Information represents data that has been processed, organized, and integrated to provide more insight. Information systems are designed to help managers analyze data and make decisions. From a decision maker’s standpoint, the challenge is that you might not know ahead of time which information you need, so it is hard to determine what data you need to collect. Knowledge represents a higher level of understanding, including rules, patterns, and decisions. Knowledge-based systems are built to automatically analyze data, identify patterns, and recommend decisions. Humans are also capable of wisdom, where they put knowledge, experience, and analytical skills to work to create new knowledge and adapt to changing situations. T o date no computer system has attained the properties of wisdom.To create an effective information system, you need to do more than simply purchase the various components. Quality is an important issue in business today, particularly as itrelates to information systems. The quality of an information system is measured by its ability to provide exactly the information needed by managers in a timely manner. The information must be accurate and up-to-date. Users should be able to receive the information in a variety of formats: tables of data, graphs, summary statistics, or even pictures or sound. Users have different perspectives and different requirements, and a good information system must have the flexibility to present information in diverse forms for each user.Why Is Information Technology Important?Personal ProductivityAn enormous amount of data is available to managers—generated internally and externally. It is impossible to deal with this volume of data without information technology. The era of “pure” managers who simply direct other people is gone. Managers today must be capable of performing the tasks within their area of expertise. For example, accounting managers still practice accounting, lawyers handle cases, and financial managers still track investments. In other words, managers do two jobs: perform basic day-to-day functions, as well as plan, organize, and communicate.Firms are increasingly required to improve productivity, which means that each year managers must increase production without increasing the number of workers. Information technology is critical to this improvement process, enabling employees to perform more tasks, getting work done faster at lower cost.Teamwork and CommunicationIt is tempting to believe that once you learn how to use a word processor, a spreadsheet program, and a Web browser, you have all the computer knowledge needed to solve business problems. In fact, these are powerful tools that will help you solve business problems that arise at a personal level. But businesses have many more levels of problems, such as data collection, departmental teamwork, information shared throughout the corporation, and uses of if that help the business gain a competitive advantage.You also need to understand database, groupware, and enterprise tools that give you access to data across the company and help you share it with team members around the world. Most companies are in a continual race to get products and services to customers faster than the competition. Moving communication away from paper to electronic messages and online meetings can significantly reduce the time required to coordinate a group and make decisions—speeding up the overall process.Business Operations and StrategyInformation technology is increasingly critical to the daily operations of a business. Obviously, online businesses cannot live without technology, but neither can the local grocery stores, bank, or many other businesses. Computers process sales, handle payments, and place new orders. They also analyze the sales data and help set prices and predict trends. Information technology is also used to create new products and services or to provide unique features to existing products. These new features can give your company. a strategic advantage and help the company grow.What do managers do?Traditional Management and ObservationsTo create useful information systems, it is helpful to examine the various roles of management. Traditional concepts of management focus on organizing, planning, and control. However, when observed at their jobs, managers appear to spend most of their time in meetings, talking on the phone, reading or preparing reports, discussing projects with their colleagues, explaining procedures, and participating in other activities that are difficult to fit into the traditional framework.Henry Mintzberg, a psychologist who studies management, classifies managerial tasks into three categories: (1) interpersonal, (2) informational, and (3) decisional. Interpersonal roles refer to teaching and leading employees. Informational tasks are based on the transfer of information throughout the organization, such as relaying information to subordinates or summarizing information for executives. Decisions involve evaluating alternatives and choosing directions that benefit the firm.Other researchers have studied managers and developed alternative classifications. Fred Luthans uses three classifications of management activities. He indicates that approximately 50 percent of a manager’s time is spent on traditional management activities (planning, organizing, etc.), 30 percent in formal communications, and 20 percent in informal networking. Formal communications include attending meetings and creating reports and memos. Informal networking consists of contacts with colleagues and workers that tend to be social in nature but often involve discussions regarding business and jobs.Making DecisionsIn many ways managers expend a lot of their effort in making decisions or contributing in- formation so others can make decisions. When you look at courses offered for future man agers you will find a focus on administration, human behavior, quantitative modeling and problem solving, decision theory, and elements of business ethics and globalization. Typically, these courses are designed to help managers solve problems and make decisions. However, if you ask managers how much time they spend making decisions, they are likely to say that they seldom make decisions. That seems like a contradiction. If managers and executives do not make decisions, who does?In many organizations, day-to-day decisions are embodied in the methodology, rules, or philosophy of the company. Managers are encouraged to collect data and follow the decisions that have resulted from experience. In this situation and in many others, the managers are directly involved in the decision process, even though they may not think they are making the final choice.The broader decision process involves collecting data, identifying problems, and making choices. One more step is often involved: persuading others to accept a decision and implement a solution. With this broader definition, many of the tasks performed by managers are actually steps in the decision process. Meetings, phone calls, and discussions with colleagues are used to collect data, identify problems, and persuade others to choose a course of action. Each of these steps may be so gradual that the participants do not think they are actually making decisions.Because of the subtlety of the process and the complexity of the decisions, it is often difficult to determine what information will be needed. Decisions often require creativity.Because data generally need to be collected before problems arise, it is challenging to design information systems to support managers and benefit the organization. One important job of management is to examine the need for information and how it can be used to solve future problems.。
信息管理与信息系统专业介绍英文版
信息管理与信息系统专业介绍英文版第一篇：信息管理与信息系统专业介绍英文版Information management and information system Majors(Science)training programFirst, the training objectivesThis professional training de, and intellectual, and body full development, has solid of economic management, and enterprise management, and information management, aspects of knowledge, system to master modern information science and technology, using computer network technology carried out information resources management, and information system analysis and design, aspects of ability, can in each area, especially in traffic transport area engaged in information management, and information system programme design, and operation and management of senior information management technology talent.Second, trainingStudents focus on economic management, business management, information management, and basic theory and knowledge of modern information technology and so on, to accept the information system design method, and information management system development and training, students from the perspective of information integrated use of the knowledge analysis and problem solving skills.Students should have the following knowledge and skills:1． Grasp the basic theory of information management and information system and knowledge;2． Master of management information system analysis and design methods and technologies;3．With information-gathering, transmission, storage,analysis and utilization of capacity.4． With integrated use of the knowledge to analyze and solve information problems of basic transportation industry capacity;5．About the professional, dynamic development of the transportation industry and related fields of information;6．Master the basic methods of document retrieval, information discovery, collection, with the ability of scientific research and practical work.Third, the specialty orientation Information management and analysis of professional basic positioning can be applied, relying on computer technology and information technology,transportation-oriented industries and fields, that is focused on information technology learning and mastering the industry application of knowledge and capacity, full use of the schools in the area of superior resources, form a unique specialty.Four, main subjectsManagement, computer science, information science and systems science, traffic and transportation engineering Five core coursesObject-oriented programming, and VB Programming, data structures, database technology, network technology and communication technology, data warehousing and data mining, information management, management information systems, management information systems analysis and design, software engineering, Web design, information security management, network management, business management,communications and transportation planning, road transport administration, modern economics, economics of information, logistics and so on.Six, basic educational systemFour-/ undergraduateSeven, degree-grantingBachelor's degree in management scienceTotal class hours in the eight, the minimum graduation courses 2500 Class hoursMinimum graduation total credits 190 Credit +12 credit第二篇：信息管理与信息系统专业介绍专业介绍信息管理与信息系统专业是一个具有交叉性、综合性特点的专业。
信息管理专业英语实用教程
专业英语一、专业术语RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡，显卡sound card音频卡，声卡DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB（database）数据库DBMS（database Management system）数据库管理系统DSS（decision support system）决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策ANS（Advanced Network&Service）高级网络及服务公司TPS（Transaction Processing systems）事务管理系统KWS（Knowledge Work Systems）只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS（Office Automation Systems）办公自动化系统ESS（Executive Support Systems）经理支持系统EIS（Executive Information Systems）经理信息系统OLAP（on-line analytical processing）联机分析处理GIS（Group Information Systems）集群信息系统GDSS（Group Decision Support Systems）集群决策支持系统MIT（Management Information technology）管理信息技术RAD（rapid application development）快速应用开发Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统ERP（Enterprise resource planning）企业资源规划CRM（customer relationship Management）客户关系管理OOD（Object-Oriented design）面向对象设计OOP（Object0Oriented Programming）面向对象编程HLLs（High Level Languages）高级语言ADTs（Abstract Data Types）抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码EDI（Electronic Data interchange）电子数据交换SMEs（small and medium sized enterprises）中小企业B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器CIAS（Communication Link Analyzer System）通信链路分析系统IMS（Information Management System）管理信息系统NDMS（Netware Data Management System）网络数据管理系统二、词汇填空1)The managerial process consists of four basic functions: planning, organizing, leading andcontrolling.管理过程由四项基本职能组成：规划，组织，领导和控制。
信管英语教程翻译1概要
P11、信息是人类所有经验的一部分。
获取信息并对信息进行处理是生活本身的重要方面。
目前人们对信息“科学”兴趣的增长是由于生活中的问题复杂化的结果所知。
技术的快速发展，知识的增加，现代社会的快节奏，这一切都使人们对信息的重要性以及对专门研究理论专业人员的需求认识德越来越清楚。
2、晚学者弗里茨〃马克卢普通过仔细分析这些相关信息的不同意义。
由这些原料/资源所做成的有如下解释：一些以前不为人所知的该如何解释这些数据有一个线索。
一些我们努力但却已经知道一些对于人收到他们在某种程度上是有用的一些帮助你做决定一些可以减少不确定性句中单词的意思。
一些可以做得比说的多当收到它，可能改变一个人的信仰或者期望3、我们对信息的基本的性质的理解被应用在我们日常谈话中各种不同的环境下的词语所遮蔽。
大多数这些的流行一切常用事情将在下面讨论4、信息作为一个商品。
它指在一本书中，在某人的头脑中，在一个社团的文件，或一个统计量的项目。
当信息把认作一个商品，它常常假设经济价值。
对商品的管理成为最重要的。
“信息就是力量”的意义变得明晰。
就一个个体或组织有独自占有的信息的一个特殊的部分，那个情报可能使掌握信息的任何人得到目标。
信息可以以这种方式控制事物和人的供给5、信息作为能源。
那些把信息看做能源的人把他认作一个可计量的物理实体他们的出席或缺席可以被证实实验方法。
信息是传播或者是牢牢嵌入，普通的能源构成。
从火车鸣笛声波所提供的信息就是一个就能源而言是怎样被描述的例子6、信息作为通讯。
信息常常被认为和交流同义。
当一个人和另一个人交流时，这个人开始交换数据为了促进或是传递他或她对数据的理解给另一个人，当这个数据被收到，这个人变得信息灵通。
作为信息，因此，导致了通信和信息传输。
如果我们移走对数据的理解然后只搬来实在的数据，我们就获得了数据传输，物理指示和移动标志7、信息作为事实。
信息往往认为是作为事实相同。
今天的日期是什么？你的生日是什么时候？你每月有多少工资？当术语信息是采用这种方式，这并不一定意味着有任何的事实暗示或实际使用中，虽然人们通常希望对出生日期感到奇怪，例如，为了某些目的：为了安排一个聚会，为了购买一个礼物。
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信息管理专业英语
15
功能词（function words）
❖ 它包括介词、连词、冠词、代词等。功能 词为词在句子中的结构关系提供了十分重 要的结构信号，对于理解专业内容十分重 要，而且出现频率极高。
❖ 研究表明，在专业英语中，出现频率最高 的十个词都是功能词，其顺序为：the，of， in，and，to，is，that，for，are，be。
信息管理专业英语
13
技术词汇（technical words）
❖ 这类词的意义狭窄、单一，一般只使用在各 自的专业范围内，因而专业性很强。这类词 一般较长并且越长词义越狭窄。
❖ 例如： bandwidth（带宽），Informatization（信息 化），superconductivity（超导性）, Broadband(宽带)。Software(软件), hardware（硬件）.
译文：功是能的传递，表达为力与力的作用点沿着力的方向
移动的距离的乘积。
信息管理专业英语
19
来源于希腊或拉丁语
therm 热（希腊语） thesis 论文（希腊语） parameter 参数（拉丁语） radius 半径（拉丁语） formula 公式（拉丁语） data 数据（拉丁语）
信息管理专业英语
词和关系副词等的广义连接词。
信息管理专业英语
11
1.2 专业词汇的构词法分析
1.2.1 专业英语词汇的构成特点 1.2.2 词汇缩略 1.2.3 专用术语
信息管理专业英语
12
专业英语词汇的构成特点
❖ 技术词汇（technical words） ❖ 次技术词汇（sub-technical words） ❖ 功能词（function words）
本句中的“work、energy、product、force”都是从普通词汇 中借来的物理学术语。“work”的意思不是“工作”， 而 是 “ 功 ” ； “ energy” 的 意 思 不 是 “ 活 力 ” ， 而 是 “ 能 ” ； “ product”的意思不 是 “产品 ” ，而是 “乘 积”；“force”的意思不是“力量”，而是“力”。
multiprocessor 多处理器 internet 因特网 microcode 微代码 hypermedia 超媒体 teleconference 远程会议 telegraph 电报 barograph 气压记录仪 ultrasonic 超声的 hydro-electric 发电 extra-terrestrial 行星际的
信息管理专业英语
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派生词（derivation）
❖ 这种方法也叫缀合，这类词汇非常多，专业英语词 汇大部分都是用派生法构成的，它是根据已有的词， 通过对词根加上各种前缀和后缀来构成新词。
❖ 这些词缀有名词词缀，如：inter-，sub-，non-， tele-，micro-等；形容词词缀，如：im-，un-，able，-al，-ing，-ed等；动词词缀，如：re-， under-，de-，-en，con-等。其中，采用前缀构成 的单词在专业英语中占了很大比例。
信息管理专业英语
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有否定意义的前缀
anti- 表示“反对”
antibody 抗体
counter- 表示“反对，相反”
counterbalance 反平衡
contra- 表示“反对，相反” contradiction 矛盾
de- 表示“减少，降低，否定”
decrease 减少；devalue 贬值；decompose 分解
dis- 表示“否定，除去”
discharge 放电；disassemble 拆卸
信息管理专业英语
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有否定意义的前缀
in- il-（在字母l前）表示“不”
inaccurate 不准确的；illegal 违法的
im-（在字母m、b、p前）表示“不”
imbalance 不平衡的；impure 不纯的
信息管理专业英语
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合成词中间的连接符被省略 形成了一个独立的单词
in + put input 输入 out + put output 输出 data + base database 数据库 Net + work network 网络 hot + line hotline 热线 on + line online 在线 web + site → website 网站 metal + work → metalwork 金属制品 Main + frame → mainframe 大型(主)机
信息管理专业英语
21
有短划线“-”连接的合成词
push +up → push-up 上拉 pull + down → pull-down 下拉 paper + free → paper-free 无纸的 jumper + free → jumper-free 无跳线的 user + centric → user-centric 以用户为中心的 power + plant → power-plant 发电站 conveyer + belt → conveyer-belt 传送带 machine + made → machine-made 机制的 reading + room → reading-room 阅览室
信息管理专业英语
25
典型的派生词
multimedia 多媒体 interface 接口 microprocessor 微处理器 hypertext 超文本 telephone 电话 telescope 望远镜 barometer 气压表 decontrol 取消控制 subsystem 分系统 non-metal 非金属
信息管理专业英语
17
专业英语中的词汇来源
❖ 来源于英语中的普通词，但被赋予了新的词义。 ❖ 来源于希腊或拉丁语。 ❖ 由两个或两个以上的单词组成合成词。 ❖ 派生词（derivation） ❖ 借用词 ❖ 通过词类转化构成新词 ❖ 名词化
信息管理专业英语
18
来源于英语中的普通词 但被赋予了新的词义
mis- 表示“错误”
mislead 误导
non- 表示“不，非” 的
信息管理专业英语
3
1.1 信管专业英语的特点
❖ 专业术语多，而且派生和新出现的专业用语还在不断增加。 这些术语的出现是和信息技术和网络技术的高速发展分不开 的。例如:“Internet”、“Intranet”、“Extranet”等都是随 着网络技术的发展而出现的。“Information Entropy” ….” 信息化”
信息管理专业英语
23
复合术语
❖ computer language 计算机语言 ❖ System Maintenance 系统维护 ❖ System Analysis 系统分析 ❖ Information Management 信息管理 ❖ Electronic Commerce 电子商务 ❖ Data Redundancy 数据冗余 ❖ Decision Maker 决策人员
❖ 缩略词汇多. 如:“ERP” (Enterprise Resource Planning)、 “IS” (Information System) 、”PM” (Project Management) 、 “MIS” (Management Information System)(学生自己来 写) MRP material requi信r息em管e理nt专业pl英a语nning，CRM ,IR, IT 4
信息管理专业英语
8
准确性
专业英语的准确性主要表现在用词上。然 而在语法结构上也有其特点。例如，为了 准确精细地描述事物过程，所用句子都较 长有些甚至一段就是一个句子。长句反映 了客观事物中复杂的关系，它与前述精练 的要求并不矛盾，句子长结构仍是精练的， 只是包含的信息量大，准确性较高。
信息管理专业英语
信息管理专业英语 的基础知识(一)
信息管理专业英语
1
信管专业英语基础知识
❖专业英语的特点 ❖信管专业英语词汇的构词法分析 ❖信管专业英语资料的阅读与翻译 ❖专业英语中的常用语法知识
信息管理专业英语
2
1.1 专业英语的特点
科技文体是自然科学和技术人员从事专业 活动时使用的一种文体，如科学著作、学 术论文、实验报告、设计报告、科技产品 说明书、科技产品操作指导等都属于科技 文体。科技文体讲究逻辑的条理清楚和叙 述的准确严密，与其它文体有显著的区别
信息管理专业英语
14
次技术词汇（sub-technical words）
❖ 次技术词汇是指不受上下文限制的各专业 中出现频率都很高的词。这类词往往在不 同的专业中具有不同的含义。
❖ 例如：register在计算机系统中表示寄存器， 在电学中表示计数器、记录器，在乐器中 表示音区，而在日常生活中则表示登记簿、 名册、挂号信等。
信息管理专业英语
16
Hale Waihona Puke 专业英语中的词汇来源❖ 专业英语的构词有如下两个显著特点：大部分专 业词汇来自希腊语和拉丁语；前缀和后缀的出现 频率非常高。
❖ 希腊语和拉丁语是现代专业英语词汇的基础。各 行各业都有一些自己领域的专业词汇，有的是随 着本专业发展应运而生的，有的是借用公共英语 中的词汇(Product-乘积)，有的是借用外来语言 词汇（thesis-希腊语），有的则是人为构造成 的词汇。
例：Work is the transfer of energy expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.