高中英语 Unit1 Art 第四学时 Grammar练习 新人教版选修6

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第四学时Grammar

虚拟语气(Ⅰ)

[观察领悟]

观察领悟下列句子,找出其规律并熟读。

1.As there are so many different styles of Western art,it would_ be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.

2.If the rules of perspective _had_not_been_discovered,no one _would_have_been_able_to_paint _ such realistic pictures.

3. If I _had time, I would_attend the meeting.

4. If you came_(should_come/were_to_come) tomorrow, we would_have the meeting.

5.Without the new paints and the new technique,we would_not_be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.

6.There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists,many of these painting styles might_not_exist.

7. I wish I had a little lab of my own.

8. I'd rather he set about doing the work now.

[自我总结]

1. 英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和________。

2. 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实________,或________的情况。

答案:1.虚拟语气

2.相反;不可能发生

一、概念

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议,而不是客观存在的事实,它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

二、条件句中的虚拟语气

包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类:一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。

1.如果假设的情况很可能发生,就用真实条件句。

If he has time,he will come.

如果他有时间,他会来。

He won't succeed unless we plan well.

如果我们计划不好,他就会失败。

If you haven't finished your composition,you can hand it in tomorrow.

如果你还未写完作文,你可以明天交。

2.如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大,则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种。

If he had time now,he would(could,might)go with you.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)

If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(could,might) have met the famous singer.

如果你能早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)

If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.

如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)

提示:含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点:

(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we, 但在美国英语中, should常被would 代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。

(2)在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态常用were, 非正式文体中第三人称单数也可用was。但If I were you...句式中,不用was。

(3)虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时,可把if省略,而把were, had, should 放在主语前,用倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。

Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.

要是他们现在在这儿的话,就会帮助我们了。

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

下雨,庄稼就有救了。

三、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表现出来,而是暗含在上下文或without,otherwise,but for等引出的短语中。

Without your help,I couldn't finish it.

没有你的帮助,我完成不了此事。

But for your advice,I would have failed.

如果没有你的建议,我就会失败的。

四、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

这类动词可按下列口诀记忆。

一坚持:insist

二命令:order,command

三建议:suggest,propose,advise

四要求:request,require,demand,ask

提示:(1)除上述口诀中列举的动词外, desire, recommend, urge等也符合上述用法。

(2)suggest表示“暗示”, insist表示“坚持某种说法” 时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。

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