国际贸易实务英文版第二版周瑞琪
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最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料
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2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties -seller & buyer
Document applied: only to the contract of sale
and risk distribution between the parties
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2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Obligation
Obligation -- a legal duty to do something according to a certain agreement.
Specific aspects governed: only settle matters
concerning the delivery of tangibles goods sold
Focusing only on the delivery of tangible goods Delivery also indicating the transfer of obligations, cost
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Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Initially in 1928---“Warsaw Rules, 1928”
22 provisions governing the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) contract terms.
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪1Gerneral_int
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1.4 Export and import procedures
The preparation of a transaction The negotiation of the contract The performance of the contract The settlement of disputes
Direct trade
Two parties involved: the importer and the exporter
Indirect trade
Three parties involved: the exporter, the importer and the intermediate party
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1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Finding the potential partner
Sources of information
Reference provided by the foreign partners The nearest consulate office International or local chamber of commerce Consulting firms Foreign exchange banks Trade directories and publications
trade realize the importance of contract
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Concept of international trade
International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪9.Inspection, claim, force majeure and arbitration资料讲解
within the contract
understand the conditions for breach of contract and
settlement of claims
describe ways of stipulating claim clauses in a sales contract
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9.1.1 Time and place of inspection
Inspection at the factory or at the port of shipment (also shipping quality and weight)
The goods are inspected at the factory or at the port of shipment
mandatory inspection eg. The Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) in USA, The State
Administration for Commodity Inspection (SACI) in China
be aware of the issues to be considered in the negotiation of arbitration
describe the ways of stipulating an arbitration clause in a sales
contract
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Chapter Nine
Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration
Learning objectives
国际贸易实务英文版第二版周瑞琪1Gerneralint
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1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Finding the potential partner
Sources of information
Reference provided by the foreign partners The nearest consulate office International or local chamber of commerce Consulting firms Foreign exchange banks Trade directories and publications
15
1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Studying creditability of the partner
Credit reference from
the local bank or correspondent bank
business range and annual sales volume sales literature and pricelists major customers business culture
international rules foreign currencies higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks,
Financial risks, and Transportation risks more complex business procedures broader range of management skills
6
1.3 Classification of international trade
1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Finding the potential partner
Sources of information
Reference provided by the foreign partners The nearest consulate office International or local chamber of commerce Consulting firms Foreign exchange banks Trade directories and publications
15
1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Studying creditability of the partner
Credit reference from
the local bank or correspondent bank
business range and annual sales volume sales literature and pricelists major customers business culture
international rules foreign currencies higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks,
Financial risks, and Transportation risks more complex business procedures broader range of management skills
6
1.3 Classification of international trade
国际贸易实务英文第二周瑞琪Export Price
Chapter Three
Export Price
3.1 Expression of export price
Four components in a standard format of a price:
A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP A number indicating the price unit A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF
Examples:
USD225.30/piece CIF New York FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set
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Cost
Cost of production
Direct cost: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.
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3.3 Calculation of price
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
Export Price
3.1 Expression of export price
Four components in a standard format of a price:
A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP A number indicating the price unit A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF
Examples:
USD225.30/piece CIF New York FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set
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Cost
Cost of production
Direct cost: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.
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3.3 Calculation of price
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
国际贸易实务 英文版 第二版 pt周瑞琪 Terms of Commodity
Issues concerning quality clause in sales contract:
adopting the right way avoiding double standard being clear, practical and reasonable making use of Quality Latitude or Tolerance making price adjustment when necessary inserting seller's protecting clause when necessary
compose quality, quantity and packing clauses
properly
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4.1 Name of commodity
Significance
CISG Article 35: The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by origin
to use the name of the place of origin as the indication for quality
Example
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of Commodity
Tetracycline HCL Tablets (Sugar Coated) 250mg. B. P. 1973 China Northeast Soybean 2006 New Crop, F. A. Q: Moisture 15% max. Admixture 1% max.
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Sony Televisions Haier Refrigerators Tigerhead batteries Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by standard
when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards. Example
4.2 Quality
Definition:
refers to the intrinsic elements of commodities including the internal properties or ingredients as well as the external appearance..
G.M.Q.:
the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller used sometimes as the bottom-line of quality requirement.
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Sony Televisions Haier Refrigerators Tigerhead batteries Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by standard
when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards. Example
4.2 Quality
Definition:
refers to the intrinsic elements of commodities including the internal properties or ingredients as well as the external appearance..
G.M.Q.:
the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller used sometimes as the bottom-line of quality requirement.
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪3.Export Price
Table 3.2 FOB Costing Worksheet
FOB
+ + + +
+ =
Free on Board Factory purchasing cost Profit margin Transport cost from plant to shipping port Transport insurance to shipping port (optional) Storage costs, terminal handling charge (THC), loading onto ship charge Export customs clearance cost FOB (Named port of shipment)
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3.3 Calculation of price
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
FOB
+ + + +
+ =
Free on Board Factory purchasing cost Profit margin Transport cost from plant to shipping port Transport insurance to shipping port (optional) Storage costs, terminal handling charge (THC), loading onto ship charge Export customs clearance cost FOB (Named port of shipment)
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3.3 Calculation of price
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪3.Export Price
Chapter Three
Export Price
3.1 Expression of export price
Four components in a standard format of a price:
A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP
A number indicating the price unit
+ Costs for documents (ie delivery order)
= Selling price delivered ex-quay (DEQ)
+ Land transport costs to nominated destination
+ Full transport to destination
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3.2 Pricing considerations
Cost
Cost of production
Direct cost: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs,
4
3.3 Calculation of ce
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
Export Price
3.1 Expression of export price
Four components in a standard format of a price:
A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP
A number indicating the price unit
+ Costs for documents (ie delivery order)
= Selling price delivered ex-quay (DEQ)
+ Land transport costs to nominated destination
+ Full transport to destination
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3.2 Pricing considerations
Cost
Cost of production
Direct cost: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs,
4
3.3 Calculation of ce
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS)
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo-Transportation
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
国际贸易实务英文版第二版周瑞琪5CargoTransportation
non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates)
Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit
Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪8.Documentationppt课件
e.g. packing supplied by manufacturers the requirements of relevant laws &
regulations
.
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8.4 Export documents
Documents required during negotiation or goods preparation: Export License (Specimen 8.1)
export documents
.
2
8.1Significance delivery: delivery of goods by the handover of title documents, instead of physical goods
Chapter Eight
Export Documentation
Learning objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to
understand the importance of documentation in export transaction
the correct preparation and presentation of relevant documents at different stages ensure a smooth transaction
.
3
8.2 Basic requirement for documentation
the exporting firm’s invoice addressed to the foreign importer describing key transaction details, esp. total value and
regulations
.
5
8.4 Export documents
Documents required during negotiation or goods preparation: Export License (Specimen 8.1)
export documents
.
2
8.1Significance delivery: delivery of goods by the handover of title documents, instead of physical goods
Chapter Eight
Export Documentation
Learning objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to
understand the importance of documentation in export transaction
the correct preparation and presentation of relevant documents at different stages ensure a smooth transaction
.
3
8.2 Basic requirement for documentation
the exporting firm’s invoice addressed to the foreign importer describing key transaction details, esp. total value and
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• 3rd country earns profit by imposing imp. and exp. duties
Indirect transit trade
• Commodities first placed in the bonded warehouse before being transported further without any processing
trade realize the importance of contract
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Concept of international trade
International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade
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1.3 Classification of international trade
From the direction of cargo flow
Export trade
domestic market →international market for sale
Import trade
• 3rd country earns warehousing charges + imp. and exp. duties
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1.3 Classification of international trade
From the number of participants involved
international rules foreign currencies higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks,
Financial risks, and Transportation risks more complex business procedures broader range of management skills
Guangdong Univቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrsity of Foreign Studies
Chapter One
General Introduction
Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter, you should be able to
define what is meant by international trade explain the reasons for engaging in international trade identify the benefits of international trade tell the differences between domestic and international trade understand the major procedure involved in international
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1.1 Reasons for international trade
Resource reasons
Natural resources Human resources Technology
Economic reasons
Benefits Comparative advantage (David Ricardo) Economies of scale
国际贸易实务（英文版）
周瑞琪 王小鸥 徐月芳 编著
对外经济贸易大学出版社
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE
PRACTICE
By Zhou Ruiqi Wang Xiaoou Xuyuefang
of School of English for International Business
Types of transit trade
Direct transit trade
• Commodities further transported toward outside along the domestic transportation line without being placed in the bonded warehouse
Other reasons
Political reasons Different taste and preference
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1.2 Differences from domestic trade
International trade involves
foreign languages and different cultures foreign laws, customs and regulations or
Direct trade
Two parties involved: the importer and the exporter
Indirect trade
Three parties involved: the exporter, the importer and the intermediate party
foreign countries → domestic market for sale
Transit trade
producing countries →via a third country →consuming country
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1.3 Classification of international trade
The fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.
Concerning trade operations of both import and export
Including the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.
Indirect transit trade
• Commodities first placed in the bonded warehouse before being transported further without any processing
trade realize the importance of contract
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4
Concept of international trade
International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade
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7
1.3 Classification of international trade
From the direction of cargo flow
Export trade
domestic market →international market for sale
Import trade
• 3rd country earns warehousing charges + imp. and exp. duties
SEIB OF GDUFS
9
1.3 Classification of international trade
From the number of participants involved
international rules foreign currencies higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks,
Financial risks, and Transportation risks more complex business procedures broader range of management skills
Guangdong Univቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrsity of Foreign Studies
Chapter One
General Introduction
Learning Objectives
After learning this chapter, you should be able to
define what is meant by international trade explain the reasons for engaging in international trade identify the benefits of international trade tell the differences between domestic and international trade understand the major procedure involved in international
SEIB OF GDUFS
5
1.1 Reasons for international trade
Resource reasons
Natural resources Human resources Technology
Economic reasons
Benefits Comparative advantage (David Ricardo) Economies of scale
国际贸易实务（英文版）
周瑞琪 王小鸥 徐月芳 编著
对外经济贸易大学出版社
SEIB OF GDUFS
1
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
PRACTICE
By Zhou Ruiqi Wang Xiaoou Xuyuefang
of School of English for International Business
Types of transit trade
Direct transit trade
• Commodities further transported toward outside along the domestic transportation line without being placed in the bonded warehouse
Other reasons
Political reasons Different taste and preference
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6
1.2 Differences from domestic trade
International trade involves
foreign languages and different cultures foreign laws, customs and regulations or
Direct trade
Two parties involved: the importer and the exporter
Indirect trade
Three parties involved: the exporter, the importer and the intermediate party
foreign countries → domestic market for sale
Transit trade
producing countries →via a third country →consuming country
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8
1.3 Classification of international trade
The fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.
Concerning trade operations of both import and export
Including the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.