学术英语(理工)课后单词复习

ACADEMIC ENGLISH1.debate>>a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal2.somewhat>>to a small degree or extent3.eliminate>>completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted4.valid>>(computing) that is accepted by the system5.access>>the right to obtain or make use of take advantage of something6.temporary>>not permanent; not lasting7.inherent>>existing as an essential constituent or characteristic8.application>>a piece of computer software that is designed to do a particular job9.available>>obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service10.utilize>>put into service1.snatch>>grab or seize quickly2.trinity>>group of three things or peoplemodity>>a product that is bought and sold4.devious>>roundabout ; not straightforward5.trick>>something done in order to deceive somebody6.standstill>>stop or halt7.menace>>someone or something that is dangerous8.specimen>>something taken as an example of its group9.contaminate>>pollute10.multiply>>increase in number or quantityTEXT 31.category>>a group of people or things that all have thesame particular qualities2.premises>>the building and land that a shop, company,etc. uses3.generic>>a product that does not have a trademark4.infrastructure>>basic facilities which function ascommunication and power supplies and so on5.telecommute>>woke for a company at home using acomputer connected to the main office6.database>>a large amount of date stored in a computersystem so that you can find and use it easily7.configure>>arrange something ,especially computerequipment ,so that it works with other equipment8.back up>>make a copy of information on your computer9.abstraction >>a general idea about a type of a thing or aperson10.allocation >>the amount or share of something that isgiven to someone or used for a particular purposeTEXT 41.interactivity>>the state of having an effect on each other2.subscription>>an amount of money paid regularly to obtain service3.offline>>not connected to the Internet4.downtime>>time when a computer is not working5.architecture>>the structure of a computer system and the way it works6.virtualization>>the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something ,such as an operating system ,a server , a storage device or network resources7.executable>>can be carried out8.diagram>>a simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and used to explain how a machine works9.equation>>a mathematical statement saying that two amounts or values are the same10.paradigm>>a model for something that explains it or shows how it can beTEXT 51.biomedical>>relating to the activities and applications of science to clinical medicine2.shrinkage>>process or result of becoming less or smaller3.superfluous>>more than is needed ,desired ,or required4.unemploy >>lay off5.craftsman>>a creator of great skill in the manual arts6.moan>> a groan or an utterance expressing pain or disapproval7.entertainer>>a person who tries to please or amuse8.manufacture>>the act of making something (a product) from raw materials9.dispossessed>> physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security10.deskill>>remove or reduce the need for skill in a job , usually by changing to machineryTEXT 61.strategy>> an elaborate and systematic plan of action2.flaw>> an imperfection in an object or weakness in a person’s character3.diversify>> put money into several different types of investment instead of only one or two4.initial>> occurring at the beginning5.ultimate>> happening at the end of a process or activity6.alter >> cause to change7.equilibrium >> a balance between several different influences8.enhance>>make something better or more attractive9.renege >> fail to fulfill a promise or obligation10.appropriate >> suitable for a particular person or place or condition1.modify>> cause to change ;make different2.immutable>> never changing3.exotic>> from another place or part of the world4.arena>> the people and activities involved with a particular5.empirical>> derived from experiment and observation rather than theory6.remnant>> a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists7.anticipate>>make a prediction about ; expect8.envision >> imagine ; conceive of ; see in one’s mind9.prevailing>> prevalent , popular10.prophetic>>foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention1.dedicate>> give all your attention and effort to one particular thing2.devour>> eat up greedily3.assemble>>bring or call together into a group or whole4.application>> a specific use to which something is put5.eventually>> at the very end ; finallyplementary>> forming a satisfactory or balanced whole7.speculation >> a supposition ,theory , or opinion arrived at through speculating8.diminish>> decrease in size ,extent ,or range9.immediate>> of the near the present time10.atomic>> of or relating to an atom or atoms1.devastation>> damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of people2.abundant>>present in great quantity3.simulate>> make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance of feeling of being real4.brutality >> the trait of extreme cruelty5.dramatically>> greatly and suddenly6.fossil >>the remain (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil7.concurrently >> existing or happening at the same time8.depletion >> the act of decreasing something markedly9.voluntary>> acting ,done or given willingly ;not forced of compelled10.predestination >>previous determination as if by destiny or fate1.pronounced >>marked ,prominent ,obvious2.ratify >>approve and sanction formally3.elevated >> higher than normal4.episode >>an event or set of events that forms part of a longer series but is considered separately5.inevitable >>certain ti happen and unable to be avoided or prevented6.involuntarily >>done contrary to or without choice7.grind >>wear down ,polish ,or sharpen by friction8.irrefutable >>impossible to refute9.inertia >>the force that keeps an object in the same position ,or keeps it moving until it is moved or stopped by another force10.herald >>make known the presence or arrival of1.habitat >>the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs2.principal >>the most important ;main3.equivalent >>equal in amount or value4.thereby >>consequently ; as a result ofpound >>make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems6.velocity >>the speed of something that is moving in a particular direction7.elaborate >>very detailed and complicated8.confinement >>the state of being forced to stay in a closed space9.exceeding >>to an extreme degree or extent10.incidence>> the relative frequency of occurrence of something1.irrelevant >>having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue2.leak >>an escape of gas or liquid through a hole in something3.annually >> yearly4.seizure >>a sudden condition in which someone cannot control the movements of their body ,which continues for a short time5.penetrate >>pass into or through6.conservatively >>deliberately lower than what the real amount probably is7.precaution >>something that is done in advance in order to prevent problems or to avoid danger8.albeit >>even though ; although9.fatal >> bringing death10.inhale >>draw deep into the lungs in by breathingTEXT 131.downplay >>understate the quality of something2.dairy >>connected with the production of milk3.erratic >>irregular or uneven in movement , quality or behavior ; unreliable4.obesity >>a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for their health5.portion >> one part of something6.seal >>secure against leakage7.mitigate >>make less unpleasant , serious or painful8.oblivious >> not aware of what is happening around9.contamination >>the state of being polluted10.minuscule >>extremely small1.devastating >>badly damaging or destroying something2.susceptible >>weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally3.vicinity >>the area near or surrounding a particular place4.nausea >> a stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit5.toxic >> poisonous6.inhibit >>prevent something from growing or developing well7.decay>> become less powerful and lose influence8.chronic >> lasting for a long time9.approximately >> roughly ,not accurate10.emit >>produce and discharge something especially gas1.disturbing >>making you feel worried or upset2.incentive>> something that encourage somebody to do something ;stimulus3.ailment >>illness ,especially a slight one4.ethical >>of morals or moral questions5.vocal>>expressing strong opinions publicly ,especially about thing that you disagree6.attribution >>assigning some quality or character to a person or thing7.neutralize >>prevent something from having any effect8.subject >>force something to experience something very unpleasant ,especially over a long time9.underfed>> not getting adequate food10.exceed>> go beyond ; overcome1.respectively >>considered individually2.investigation >>a detailed inquiry or systematic examination3.acknowledge >>admit the existence , reality , or truth of something4.hazard >>a chance of being injured or harmed ;danger5.assessment >>a process in which you make a judgment about a person or situation6.inherent >>existing as an essential constituent or characteristic7.internal >>inside something rather than outside8.offspring>> an animal’s baby or babies9.ingest >>take food or other substances into your body10.consume >>eat1.merit >>the quality of being good and deserving praise2.standpoint >>a way of thinking about people ,situations ,idea , etc.3.notably >> noticeably4.equivocal >>of a doubtful or uncertain nature5.conversely >>in an oppositeprise >> be composed of7.detect >>discover8.address >> deal with9.stepwise >> marked by a gradual progression as if step by step10.immune >>be able to resist infection ,disease1.literature >> all the books , articles , etc . on a particular subject2.publication >> a copy of a printed work offered for distribution3.exhaustion >> extreme tiredness4.deduce >>conclude by reasoning5.propose >> offer or put forward something for consideration6.bias >> opinion or feeling that strongly favors one side7.consistent >> never change ; lasting8.intensity >>the quality of having a strong effect9.contradictory >> unable to be both true at the same time10.impairment >>damage that results in a reduction of strength or quality1.hypothesis >>a suggested explanation that has not yet been proved to be true2.validity >>the state of being real , true , or based on facts3.pretentious >>trying to appear to be important when it is not in order to be impressive4.jargon >>words used by experts to discuss their subject5.framework >> a set of ideas from which more complicated ideas are developed6.relevance >>connected with the subject being discussed7.anthropology >>the scientific study of people and their societies8.federal >>concerned with the central government of a country9.verbal >> connected with words or using words10.prose >>written language in its usual form , as opposed to poetry。