2013年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础357考研真题
2013年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
2013年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.litigation & arbitration（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Securities Law（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.managing director（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.globalization（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.patent（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.expropriation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.counter trade（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.negotiable instrument（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.state of the art（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.survival of the fittest（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.ASEAN（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.CIF（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.FDA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.GATT（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.GSP（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.ISO（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.ITC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.NAFTA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.MERCOSUR（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.UNITC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________23.合资经营（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 促销__________________________________________________________________________________________ 股东__________________________________________________________________________________________ 贬值__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.技术密集型（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 利率__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.绩效评估（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.边际效应（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.消费者物价指数（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 董事__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ nguage is the primary way in which producers and distributors communicate with consumers. Those involved with personal selling will find that speaking the local language isn"t optional but a requirement for success. Besides just being able to get the basic information across to the customer, a salesperson also communicates the company"s dedication to the marketplace. All salespeople face an uphill battle when trying to promote a product, but those without the requisite language skills may find that the hill is almost nguage skills will also come into play when advertising and promotional collateral(brochures, manuals, business cards)are translated. A poorly worded document or mistranslated slogan can sink a sales effort before it even starts.(Wanting to assure their Belgian target audience of the sturdiness of their vehicles, General Motors" marketeers once translated their slogan of "Body by Fisher" into Flemish. The resulting translation read more like "Corpse by Fisher" with embarrassing results. One could question whether, even if it had been properly translated, the slogan would have had the desired effect on the Belgian consumers.)The choice of brand names will also rely heavily on how the translation or logo design will play in the new market.Prior to distribution, all translated advertising and promotional materials should be reviewed numerous times by native speakers to uncover potential problems. All administrative and sales personnel who will be working regularly in the target market must have a degree of fluency that will permit their marketing skills to be effective over the long-term.Understanding the target culture is a continuing difficulty, even for major global market players. Pundits may be claiming that the world is becoming more and more homogenized, but there"s only scant evidence of it in marketing. Cultural challenges are perceptual, and perception changes regularly. Having a firm understanding of what a culture was like a decade ago is of practically no use today. Cultural research must be continually updated if advertising and promotions are to work.Even cultures that have had a long-term relationship with each other can have difficulty communicating. For instance, though the Paris-based House of Chanel has been a name brand in the United States for many decades, they were unable to reach the American market with an ad that was hugely successful in Europe. The now-famous Egoistefragrance ad—featuring women screaming out the brand name from the windows of a Riviera hotel —made very little sense to the U. S. consumer. The ad was just " too French" for the United States and demonstrates a lack of market research. Another Chanel advertising campaign, this one for the Coco line, featured scantily clad European pop star Vanessa Paradis swinging on a trapeze inside of a birdcage. This ad was quite successful, even though few in the U. S. market knew who Ms. Paradis was. In this case, the sexual nature of the advertisement crossed the cultural line. The same ad, however, would have been banned in much of Asia and the Middle East.Very few advertising campaigns succeed in crossing cultural lines on a global basis. Certain categories of products are more easily "globalized" than others. Those that become part of a "lifestyle"(beverages, clothing, personal care, food)are the most common cultural crossers. Thus, Budweiser, Levis, Lancome, and Mars have all had an easy time making cultural inroads. Because these "lifestyle enhancers" are positioned by the "image" they create, they are intentionally directed at youth, who often prefer to separate themselves from the dominant local culture. Advertising schemes that have the greatest chance of succeeding globally exhibit the following attributes: simplicity, directness, humor and clever imagery. All four components should be as broad as possible in composition for the ad to have universal appeal.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.推进经济结构战略性调整是加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。
2013年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)-复制
2013年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)1，5 个词语互译。
全是中译英，清一色政治，偏政治性是预料中的，去年就是，好在看了ZF 报告北京周报和领导人讲话，明年考的亲要注意了，政府文件很重要。
A 文化软实力，B 文化自觉，C 贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众，D 食品安全法，E 反不正当竞争法。
1 个理论简答。
“What do you think of the statement that different types of text call for differentapproaches to its translating?”没有字数限制。
正好背过一篇作文说了一些译法和文本genres ，写得还算顺畅。
2，中译英。
政府文件(看来多看政府文件是很有帮助的)。
人力资源服务业白皮书节选的二段。
没啥刁钻的单词就是十八大，十二五规划纲要什么的也是比较常见。
原文在网上没找到。
3，英译中。
是丹·布朗《圣诞的密码》二页A4 纸，较易懂，个别专用名词生词如HoolaHoop,Exeter baseball cap,Epcot,Phillies cap....讲的是圣诞节Brown 家庭的习俗Christmas Code 。
大致文意是作者和三个兄弟姐妹还有留学交换生Bea 一起找线索的故事，谜底就是EPCOT 五个字母，其实就是布朗父母给他们的礼物，那就是去Walt DisneyEpcot Center，大家都兴奋地手舞足蹈，最后就说这是最美好的一个圣诞节。
原文：Every family has its own holiday traditions. In the Brown household, Christmaswas always a time of delicious food, sing-alongs, colorful gifts, and mysterious codes.Yes, codes.When I was a kid, no Christmas morning was complete without the annual treasure hunt.When the last present under the Christmas tree had been opened, my siblings and I knew thatthere still remained one "big" present hidden somewhere in the house for us to find. Our onlyhope of locating it was a cryptic clue that traditionally resided in a lone envelope perched high onthe tree, out of our reach.One year the envelope contained a particularly mind-boggling treasure hunt that mybrother, sister and I still recall as The "TOCEP" Christmas Mystery. (In fact, this treasure huntdirectly inspired the scene on page 111 of The Da Vinci Code.)That was the year we had a foreign exchange student living with us. Bea wasSouth African and understandably was somewhat overwhelmed by the frenziedanticipation that led up to an American Christmas. Nonetheless, she embraced thedecorating, singing, and cooking with a zeal that made the holidays doubly special forus that year. So it was with great happiness, on Christmas morning, after all the presentswere opened, that my parents handed Bea the mysterious envelope and explained to her theBrown tradition of a Christmas Quest.Looking amazed that such a tradition could exist, Bea excitedly opened the envelope. Thepoem inside announced that this year's quest involved locating five letters of the alphabet, whichhad been hidden around the house. According to the poem’s final stanza, the first letter we needed to find was "T."You seek a letter in a nook(It's very hard to see).But of the places you might look,There’s just one spot for "T."Only one spot for T?My little brother Greg was the first to figure it out. He leapt up and dashed into the kitchen. We all ran after him as he retrieved a stool, dragged it into the breakfastnook, climbed up onto the counter, and grabbed the canister in which my mother kept her tea bags. Sure enough, inside was a note card emblazoned with the letter "T."Brilliant!Along with the letter "T" we found another clue, which ingeniously guided usdown to the basement where we found the letter "O" taped to an O-shaped HoolaHoop.Again, fiendishly clever!From there more clues led us all over the house. In the kitchen we found the letter"C" stuffed in a Vitamin C container. In the mud-room, the letter "E" was hiddeninside my Exeter baseball cap (bearing that same letter).By then, we had located four letters (T-O-C-E), and still we felt no closer tounderstanding our mysterious prize. We hoped the fifth and final letter would make it all come clear. The final clue, however, was baffling.The final letter in your quest,Is simple as can be.It's hidden in a special roomQuite natural for a "P."A special room quite natural for a P?I looked in the pantry around the canned peas. Nothing.My little brother checked his bedroom for his Phillies cap. Nothing.A natural place for "P"?It was Beatrice, our exchange student (having learned a good amount of American slang), who suddenly gasped, jumped to her feet, and dashed up the stairs. For a moment, my siblings and I thought she was ill... but then we heard her shriek with joy. We raced upstairs to find Beain the bathroom, laughing hysterically and pointing into the toilet. We peered inside, and there,to our enormous delight, we found the letter "P" taped inside the toilet bowl."P" in the toilet!The joke left all four of us kids rolling on the floor in hysterics. Surely my parentshad to be the two funniest people alive. Finally, when we all could breathe again, wehurried back to the living room to decipher the meaning of these five mysteriouslettersT-O-C-E-P?We spread the letters out on the living room floor and stared at them.T...O...C...E...P?They meant nothing to us.It was my younger sister Valerie who saw it first. She drew a startled breath andspun to my parents in disbelief. "No!" she exclaimed. "Really?"My parents were beaming. "Really. We leave tomorrow morning."The rest of us kids watched in rapt animation as little Valerie victoriously rearranged the five letters TOCEP.... to spell one magical word: EPCOT. Instantly, all four kids were dancing around the room, whooping for joy, chanting "Epcot! Epcot!" Even our exchange student Bea had heard of Walt Disney World's Epcot Center, and she joined in the dance. It was a dream come true. The very next morning, we allboarded a plane for Epcot.It was the best Christmas ever.。
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)【圣才出品】
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1. RCEP（Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution）【答案】皇家环境污染委员会2. a bull market【答案】牛市3. Russian ruble【答案】俄罗斯卢布4. anti-dumping【答案】反倾销5. stock in trade【答案】库存，存货6. paid on delivery【答案】货到付款7. unanimous vote【答案】全票通过8. carbon footprint【答案】碳足迹9. recursive function【答案】递归函数10. provisional agenda【答案】临时议程11. ready-made garment【答案】成衣12. United Nation secretariat【答案】联合国秘书处13. Global Environment Facility【答案】全球环境基金14. International Refugee Organization 【答案】国际难民组织15. The World Travel and Tourism Council 【答案】世界旅行和旅游理事会16. 种族歧视【答案】race discrimination17. 就职演说【答案】inaugural speech18. 和谐共赢【答案】harmonious and win-win19. 文化事业【答案】cultural undertakings20. 全民健身【答案】nationwide fitness programs21. 本地化服务【答案】localization services22. 产能过剩行业【答案】industries with excess capacity23. 放宽市场准入【答案】liberalize market access24. 自主创新能力【答案】capacity for independent innovation25. 载人航天飞行【答案】manned space flight26. 促进生态修复【答案】promote ecological restoration27. 公共卫生体系【答案】public health system28. 科技成果产业化【答案】industrialization of scientific and technological achievements 29. 多语言跨文化交际【答案】multi-language cross- cultural communication30. 古为今用，洋为中用【答案】make the past serve the present, to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality, Karl Marx will be the most relevant social thinker of the twenty-one century……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年_真题-无答案
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)第一部分百科知识(一)单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。
1. 中唐是唐诗流派纷呈的时代，除以自居易、张籍、王建等为代表的原白诗派外，主要有大历、贞元年间的一派诗人，包括刘长卿、韦应物和“大历十才子”，其中______曾自称为“五言长城”，他的五绝诗《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》。
A.张籍 B.韦应物 C.刘长卿 D.王建2. 在北宋诗人中，______自成一家，当时其诗就被称为“山谷体”，他是江西诗派的创始人。
A.骆宾王B.王勃C.杨炯D.黄庭坚3. 词究其本来性质而言，是歌辞，是广义上的诗歌的一种。
晚唐的词人中以______最为著名，他是花间词派的创始人之一。
A.温庭筠 B.白居易 C.刘禹锡 D.张志和4. 元代杂剧是中国戏曲史上第一个高峰，标志着中国古代戏曲真正走向了成熟。
杂剧______的故事来源于唐代自居易的诗《井底引银瓶》，这部杂剧是白朴最成功的剧作。
A.《倩女离魂》B.《墙头马上》 C.《救风尘》 D.《汉宫秋》5. 南戏是南曲戏文的简称，它最初流行于浙东沿海一带，故又称“温州杂剧”、《永嘉杂剧》或《永嘉戏曲》。
南戏的形式在元末明初逐步定型。
高明的______向来被称为“南戏之祖”。
A.《琵琶记》B.《赵贞女》C.《王魁》D.《荆钗记》6. 清代是中国古代文学的最后一个时期。
在诗歌方面，明末清初诗坛上，______是影响最大的诗人。
他的诗歌主张在重“性情”的同时，也重“学问”，具有向宋诗回复的意味，代表作有《初学集》《有学集》等。
A.蒲松龄 B.李玉 C.李汝珍 D.钱谦益7. 盛唐时期的边塞诗也负有盛名，______的诗作《燕歌行》是唐代边塞诗的压卷之作。
A.李宝嘉 B.吴沃尧 C.高适 D.曾朴8. 中国现当代文学是现代文学和当代文学的合称，文学史上一般认为：从1917年到“五四”文学革命开始到1949年中华人民共和国成立之前的中国文学为中国现代文学，中华人民共和国成立之后一直到现在的中国文学被称为中国当代文学。
2013年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,状元笔记
2013年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士百科知识状元笔记二时期：一战后至二战期间。
欧洲中心舞台的动摇和转移：美国势力大大增强，欧洲势力削弱，十月革命与苏联的诞生从根本上动摇了旧的国际秩序，国际关系中心从欧洲向两侧转移。
⑤一战后，帝国主义国家继续争霸，英美之间的争夺成为全球主要矛盾，在欧洲，法国同英美相互对立，在远东，日美英三国斗争，日美争夺激烈，但这一时期斗争方式由战场较量转到和会的谈判桌上，巴黎和会、华盛顿会议，帝国主义战后分赃，确立国际统治新秩序；帝国主义与苏联的关系，先是干涉苏俄、两种制度军事冲突，后转到和平共处。
矛盾：帝国主义之间的矛盾，两种社会制度的矛盾、东西方矛盾。
⑥20世纪30年代：德日扩张、英法美绥靖、局部战争、大战爆发；法西斯势力崛起，世界战争危险日近；矛盾：从帝国主义之间矛盾到世界人民与法西斯的矛盾。
3、第三时期：二战后至今，经历了两极对峙向多极化演变的趋势。
⑦20世纪40~50年代：反法西斯同盟、雅尔塔体系、联合国、美国为首的帝国主义阵营与苏联为首的社会主义阵营的形成、冷战、朝鲜战争；不同意识形态国家从对立到联合，又从联合走向对抗；矛盾：从同盟国、轴心国矛盾到北约、华约矛盾，⑧60年代~70年代：美苏争霸、两大阵营开始解体，美欧日三足鼎立、第三世界兴起；从两大阵营到三个世界；矛盾：从美苏矛盾到南北矛盾。
⑨从80年代至今：第三世界发展，殖民体系崩溃、苏东剧变、两极格局全面崩溃，多极格局发展；世界政治格局进入从两极格局向多极格局发展的过渡时期；矛盾：霸权主义与反霸权主义的矛盾。
二、国际关系格局的演变⑴维也纳体系（略）⑵凡尔赛—华盛顿体系①建立：一战后，战胜国先后召开巴黎和会与华盛顿会议，签订了一系列条约，构成了凡尔赛—华盛顿体系。
其内容包括：巴黎和会与华盛顿会议上签订的一系列条约，以及国家联盟的建立。
②维护机构：国际联盟③矛盾：法德（战胜国与战败国之间的主要矛盾）英法（争夺欧洲霸权的主要矛盾）美日（争夺亚太地区的主要矛盾）美英（争夺世界霸权的主要矛盾）④瓦解：a.1935年德国撕毁凡尔赛和约，大量扩充陆军，积极重建空军，并开始建造军舰。
2013年对外经济贸易大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
2013年对外经济贸易大学357英语翻译基础考研试题）回忆版）（回忆版本试题由网友resuming、cassielau提供一、词组翻译英译汉：Glocalization, counter trade, patent,汉译英：合资企业、利率、贬值、绩效评估、二、缩略语NAFTA, MERCOSUR, GSP, UNIFC, IFC, ASEAN,三、篇章翻译英译汉是有关语言在经济活动中的影响，其中有许多公司和品牌名称，字数大约为400字，B5纸一页多：汉译英为典型的ZF文件类，都是动宾词组，如促进产业结构升级，推进城镇化建设，重点放在中西部，优先发展东部地区等，字数为300字左右。
总之字数较去年都有所增加。
原文：推进经济结构战略性调整。
这是加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。
必须以改善需求结构、优化产业结构、促进区域协调发展、推进城镇化为重点，着力解决制约经济持续健康发展的重大结构性问题。
要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，加快建立扩大消费需求长效机制，释放居民消费潜力，保持投资合理增长，扩大国内市场规模。
牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础，实行更加有利于实体经济发展的政策措施，强化需求导向，推动战略性新兴产业、先进制造业健康发展，加快传统产业转型升级，推动服务业特别是现代服务业发展壮大，合理布局建设基础设施和基础产业。
建设下一代信息基础设施，发展现代信息技术产业体系，健全信息安全保障体系，推进信息网络技术广泛运用。
提高大中型企业核心竞争力，支持小微企业特别是科技型小微企业发展。
继续实施区域发展总体战略，充分发挥各地区比较优势，优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。
网上的英文对照：Carry out strategic adjustment of the economicstructureThis is the major goal of accelerating the change ofthe growth model.We must strive to remove major structural barriers tosustained and sound economic development, with a focus on improving the demandmix and the industrial structure, promoting balanced development betweenregions and advancing urbanization.We should firmly maintain the strategicfocus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-termmechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individualconsumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.We should focus on developing the real economy as a firm foundation of theeconomy.We should adopt policies and measures to better facilitate thedevelopment of the real economy.We should make the economy more demand-driven,promote the sound growth of strategic emerging industries and advancedmanufacturing industries, speed up the transformation and upgrading oftraditional industries, develop and expand the service sector, especiallymodern service industries, and make the geographical and structural layout ofthe development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced. We shoulddevelop next-generation information infrastructure and modern IT industry,better ensure information security, and promote the applicationof informationnetwork technologies.We should enhance the core competitiveness of large andmedium-sized enterprises and support development of small and microbusinesses,especially small and micro science and technology companies.We should continueto implement the master strategy for regional development and fully leveragethe comparative advantages of different regions.We should give high priorityto large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize oldindustrial bases in northeast China,work vigorously to promote the rise of the central region, and support theeastern region in taking the lead in development.以上试题来自网友的回忆，仅供参考，纠错请发邮件至suggest@。
2013年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points)1. MLA【答案】现代语言协会[美] （Modern Language Association）2. naturist【答案】天体运动者，裸体主义者（指认为裸体有益身心的人）3. Dubai【答案】迪拜4. CPPCC【答案】中国人民政治协商会议5. milieu therapy【答案】环境疗法6. gild the lily【答案】画蛇添足7. unrighteous mammon【答案】不义之财8. mind style【答案】思维风格9. put on the new man【答案】洗心革面、改邪归正10. Act of God【答案】不可抗力11. Hills Like White Elephants【答案】累赘的东西12. tattooing【答案】文身13. CD【答案】COMPACT DISC（激光唱片，光盘）14. build a castle in the air【答案】空中楼阁15. concerto【答案】协奏曲II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points) 1. 反对派【答案】Opposition2. 当选总统【答案】President-elect3. 联合公报【答案】Joint communique4. 司法改革【答案】Judicial reform5. 循环经济【答案】Circular Economy6. 同业拆借【答案】inter-bank borrowing7. 小康社会【答案】a moderately prosperous society8. 老龄事业【答案】the issue of aging/ the undertakings for the aged9. 猎头公司【答案】head-hunting company10. 个人所得税【答案】Personal income tax11. 可再生能源【答案】Renewable energy12. 包容式增长【答案】Inclusive growth13. 中非合作论坛【答案】China-Africa Cooperation Forum14. 钧鱼岛及其附属岛屿【答案】the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands15. 中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会【答案】the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of ChinaIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)Fanny, having been sent into the village on some errand by her aunt Norris, was overtaken by a heavy shower close to the Parsonage; and being descried from one of the windows endeavoring to find shelter under the branches and lingering leaves of an oak just beyond their premises, was forced, though not without some modest reluctance on her part, to come in. A civil servant she had withstood; but when Dr. Grant himself went out with an umbrella, there was nothing to be done but to be very much ashamed, and to get into the house as fast as possible; and to poor Miss Crawford, who had just been contemplating the dismal rain in a very desponding state of mind, sighing over the ruin of all her plan of exercise for that morning, and of every chance of seeing a single creature beyond themselves for the next twenty-four hours, the sound of a little bustle at the front door, and the sight of Miss Price dripping with wet in the vestibule, was delightful. The value of an event on a wet day in the country was most forcibly brought before her. She was all alive again directly, and among the most active in being useful to Fanny, in detecting herto be wetter than she would at first allow, and providing her with dry clothes; and Fanny, after being obliged to submit to all this attention, and to being assisted and waited on by mistresses and maids, being also obliged, on returning downstairs, to be fixed in their drawing-room for an hour while the rain continued, the blessing of something fresh to see and think of was thus extended to Miss Crawford, and might carry on her spirits to the period of dressing and dinner.【参考译文】原来，范妮受诺里斯姨妈差遣，到村子里办件什么事，在牧师住宅附近遇上了一阵大雨。
2013年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
2013年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案第一部国别史：国语44.第一部记录谋臣策士门客言行的专集：国策战国策45.第一部专记个人言行的历史散文：晏子春秋46.第一位伟大的爱国诗人：屈原47.第一首长篇叙事诗：孔雀东南飞（357句，1785字）48.第一部文学批评专著：《典论·论文》（曹丕）49.第一位田园诗人：东晋，陶渊明50.第一部文学理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人刘勰的《文心雕龙》51.第一部诗歌理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人钟嵘的《诗品》52.第一部科普作品，以笔记体写成的综合性学术著作：北宋的沈括的《梦溪笔谈》53.第一部日记体游记：明代的徐宏祖的《徐霞客游记》54.第一位女词人，亦称“一代词宗”：李清照中国解放军军史回顾的理论性。
总结应当忠实于自身工作实践活动，但是，总结不是工作实践活动的记录，不能完全照搬工作实践活动的全过程。
它是对工作实践活动的本质概括，要在回顾工作实践活动全过程的基础上，进行分析研究，归纳出能够反映事物本质的规律，把感性认识上升到理性认识，这正是总结的价值所在。
三、总结的分类根据内容的不同，可以把总结分为工作总结、生产总结、学习总结、教学总结、会议总结等等。
根据范围的不同，可以分为全国性总结、地区性总结、部门性总结、本单位总结、班组总结等。
根据时间的不同，可以分为月总结、季总结、年度总结、阶段性总结等。
从内容和性质的不同，可以分为全面总结和专题总结两类。
四、总结的结构、内容和写法总结一般由标题、正文和尾部三部分组成。
（一）标题。
总结的标题大体上有两类构成形式：一类是公文式标题；一类是非公文式标题。
公文式标题由单位名称、时间、事由、文种组成，如《××集团公司2000年度思想政治工作总结》、《××县2000年普法工作总结》，有的只写《工作总结》等。
非公文式标题则比较灵活，有的为双行标题，如《增强体质，全面贯彻执行教育方针——开展多种形式的体育活动》，有的为单行标题，如《推动人才交流，培植人才资源》等。
2013年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether30items in this part of the test, 15in English and15in Chinese,with one point for each(30′)1.ADB【答案】亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)C【答案】中国强制认证(China Compulsory Certification)3.CITIC【答案】中国国际信托投资公司(China International Investment and Trust Corporation)4.FTAC【答案】对外贸易仲裁委员会(Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission)5.ICRC【答案】红十字国际委员会(International Committee of the Red Cross)6.IOC【答案】国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)7.UNDP【答案】联合国开发计划署(United Nations Development Programme)8.WFP【答案】世界粮食计划署(World Food Programme)9.WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)10.make academic fraud a crime【答案】设立学术欺诈罪11.data falsification【答案】数据伪造12.asset price bubbles【答案】资产价格泡沫13.required reserve ratio【答案】法定准备金率14.subprime crisis【答案】次贷危机15.soak up liquidity【答案】回收流动性17.云计算【答案】cloud computing18.新能源示范城【答案】new-energy model city19,生态旅游【答案】ecotourism20.酒精呼气测试【答案】breath alcohol test21.文化软实力【答案】cultural soft power 22.农村合作医疗【答案】rural cooperative medical system23.环保彩票【答案】environmental lottery24.转基因食品【答案】genetically modified food25.房地产信托资金【答案】real estate trust funds26.热钱流入【答案】hot money inflow27.基准利率【答案】benchmark interest rate28.社会福利制度【答案】social welfare system29.赈灾【答案】disaster relief30.创新型社会【答案】innovation-driven societyII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their target!language respectively.(120′)Source Text1:What is a black hole?Well,it’s difficult to answer this question,since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape–not even light. So we can’t see a black hole.A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.It is only space–or so we think.How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point;they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs.From earth,a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.Binary stars,as their name suggests,are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.In some binary systems,astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star,a“partner”to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star,which exerts such a great force,be a black hole?Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too,which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning.Speculations about them are endless. There might bea massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.Mankind may one day meet this fate.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.These speculations sound like science fiction.But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers.They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.(346 words)【关键词】supernova超新星galaxy银河，星系【参考译文】什么是黑洞?说起来，很难回答这个问题，因为通常我们用来描述科学现象的这个术语在这里就不恰当了。
2013年对外经济贸易大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷
2013年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：88.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、翻译(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Paraphrase each of the following passages. Try not to copy the original sentences. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(10% , 5 points each)."The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate, "[Jacques]Cousteau told the camera. " The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwelling helps to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity. "(From "Captain Cousteau")（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2."While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it"s unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world"s tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. "(From Ron Bachman)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Mayor Tom Bradley calls Los Angeles " the most ethnically diverse city in the world, " and he"s surely right. Los Angeles is the new Ellis Island, the place futurists tout as the America of tomorrow. The demographic changes that are beginning to transform the rest of the country are here already. Just a decade ago, Los Angeles was largely white and homogeneous. Today there are no majorities. The 1990 census says the city is 40 percent Latino, 37 percent Anglo and 23 percent black and Asian. Thanks to immigration—legal and illegal—greater Los Angeles has nearly as many Mexicans as Monterrey, more Salvadorans than any city but San Salvador and the largest Korean, Taiwanese, Chinese and Philippine populations in the country. Nearly 100 languages are spoken in the city"s schools. More than 300, 000 newcomers flood in each year, pitting blacks against Hispanics and Asians for jobs and housing in a city where both are scarce. Los Angeles has not been a triumph for the melting pot, at least not yet. Even before the riots, it sometimes resembled a city under siege. Los Angeles is a town where merchants pack guns, where inner-city neighborhoods are divided into precincts with names like " Little Beirut" or " the Kill Zone, " where wealthy neighborhoods are fenced off and posted with warnings Of ARMED RESPONSE. "This is a bunker mentality, " says the head of one of L. A. " s 3, 500 private security firms. Lacking any center, barricaded into nervous camps, Los Angeles has little common ground upon which its diverse citizenry can meet. Nowhere in the country is the gap between rich and poor so evident; nowhere are racial or ethnic relations so complex. Mexicans mistrust Central Americans. Hispanics and Asians coexist uneasily in many neighborhoods. Black looters who torched Asian markets justified themselves as avenging perceived racism. Amid the social fragmentation, blacks are especially isolated. Once southern California"s ascendant minority, African-Americans represent only 13 percent of the city"s population, and that percentage is shrinking. L. A. "s Latinos, by contrast, doubled over the past decade, all but displacing blacks in Watts, home of the 1965 riots, and encroaching on African-American neighborhoods throughout the city. There are no quick fixes to such profound social changes. Politicians will cobble together emergency economic and social programs. Ultimately, though, the solution to L. A. " s crisis will be the very diversity that now poses such challenges. Drive down Melrose Avenue and you are struck by the city"s tremendous ethnic vitality—and its potential. Iranian and Russian restaurants vie with Jewish markets. Armenian exporters jostle Japanese importers. Thai Town gives way to Koreatown which gives way to Little Central America. This is more than a festival of international cuisine. These are thriving businesses with spreading links to greater Los Angeles and beyond. " L. A. is America"s first true world city, " says Safi Qureshey, a Pakistani immigrant whose company, AST Research, Inc. , has become the third largest U. S. computer exporter. You hear a lot of talk these days about Pacific Rim-ism, and how ethnic diversity is the key to the 21st century. In L. A. , much of thattalk is true. Malaysian or Thai businessmen in Los Angeles keep their links to their homelands. Commerce often follows. "This is the modern version of the traditional melting pot, " says Phil Burgess at the Center for the New West. "These new Americans learn English. They plug into the system. But they " assimilate" us as much as we " assimilate" them. " Many of these successes are in neighborhoods that today seem so troubled. Asian communities are quickly vaulting into the middle class. If some Hispanic neighborhoods seem overrun with impoverished newcomers, others are becoming established centers of enterprise. Significantly, Hispanic neighborhoods were largely spared from rioting and looting. The reason is part economics, part ethnicity. Latinos and Asians have a stake in the city in a way that most blacks have not, explains L. A. sociologist Joel Kotkin. "They start more businesses and buy their homes. You don"t torch what you own. " What"s more, Asians and Latinos generally stay put once they make it, spreading their wealth to their neighbors. Blacks, by contrast, tend to behave like many whites. They head for the suburbs, leaving behind a black "community" of predominantly young poor. That isolation must end if Los Angeles is to recover and prosper—and it may well end sooner rather than later. The wealth generated by thriving ethnic businesses will raise the communities around them. That day may be too far off for the rioters, but what"s encouraging is that so many Angelenos still managed to see that vision through the smoke of L. A. "s fires.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about Los Angeles?（分数：2.00）A.Immigration makes it the most ethnically diverse city in the world.B.There are not enough jobs and houses for the immigrants.tino accounts for the largest percentage of the population.D.Some people came to settle down in L.A.through illegal means.(2).Which of the following can best describe the city according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.People of many different cultures mingle well in the city.B.Among different ethnic groups there are constant conflicts.C.Little communication takes place because of language barriers.D.Rich people are a threat to the rest of the people in the city.(3).Among all the groups of people, the population of______is shrinking and its people are isolated.（分数：2.00）A.MexicansB.HispanicsnsD.African-Americans(4).To adapt to the social changes, the way out for L.A.may be______.（分数：2.00）A.what causes the problems—diversityB.some effective economic and social programsC.a festival of international cuisineD.getting people to move out of the city(5)."You don"t torch what you own" means______.（分数：2.00）A.You don"t give what you have created to others.B.You don"t want others to destroy your property.C.You don"t want to destroy your own property.D.You are not satisfied with what you have.South Korea wallows in existential angst The phenomenal success of Gangnam Style, a video by Korean rap artist Psy that has been viewed 280m times, is a quirky(and rather catchy)indication of South Korea"s rising fortunes. The dance video gently sends up the nouveau-riche, plastic surgery-enhanced lifestyle that has been made possible by an economic transformation so extraordinary it is known as " the miracle on the Han River". But something curious is happening. Just as South Korea is growing more confident on the world stage—culturally, economically and diplomatically—it is going through something of an existential crisis at home. Suicides are drastically higher, fertility is perilously low and the electorate is flirting with the idea of jettisoning traditional presidential candidates in favour of an untested IT entrepreneur. It seems an odd moment to be having a national nervous breakdown. Samsung and Hyundai have established themselves as premier consumer brands from Canberra to Cupertino. Korea"s per capita income of $30, 000 is fast closing in on the EU average of $33, 000. And whether it is winning $ 20bn nuclear contracts in Abu Dhabi, pouring money into emerging markets such as India, China and Brazil, or vying with Japan to be Washington"s best friend in Asia, Seoul is having a global impact as never before. That is not how it feels at home. The more that theresidents of the fashionable Gangnam district live it up, the more Koreans feel their economic model is skewed towards a privileged elite. Some statistics suggest Korea is among the most unequal of advanced countries. Chaebol conglomerates, the pride of the nation abroad, are considered by many to be economic bullies at home, blamed for squeezing suppliers and pushing small businesses into bankruptcy. Whatever the impressive macroeconomic data suggest, more Koreans feel poor, overworked and weighed down by social pressures. Chief among their concerns is the stress and expense of putting their children through "exam hell" , even in the knowledge that there are too many graduates chasing too few well-paid jobs. No wonder Korea"s birth rate has plummeted—to 1. 23, well below the 2. 2 replacement rate and lower even than Japan, at 1.4. The outgoing conservative government of Lee Myung-bak was good at putting on an international show. It hosted the G20 summit with aplomb. It attracted attention with its "green growth" agenda. But John Delury, assistant professor at Yonsei university, says it neglected domestic social and economic issues. Suicide rates have doubled over the past decade and are now the main cause of death for people under 40. The position of women has advanced at a much slower pace than the economy. Nowhere is the sense of dissatisfaction more apparent than in the campaign for December"s presidential election. The surprise package has been Ahn Chul-soo, a university professor and founder of Ahnlab, an antivirus company, who has gained a cult following especially among Korean youth. The 50-year-old independent—a sort of "anti-politician"—is polling above 40 per cent even though he only declared his presidential ambition this month. Mr. Ahn is funning against two establishment figures. Park Geun-hye is a conservative from the same party as the presidential incumbent. On the liberal establishment side, the Democratic United party has selected Moon Jae-in, aide to a former president. It is a measure of how much Koreans want a break from the past that Ms. Park saw fit this week to apologize for the human rights abuses of her father, the dictator Park Chung-hee, who ran the country for 18 years until he was assassinated in 1979.(On hearing of his fate, his pragmatic daughter"s first words were said to have been "Is the border secure?")Ms. Park has felt it necessary to ditch her impeccably conservative credentials by moving towards the centre. She has taken to talking about " economic democratisation" , a buzz phrase that embraces the idea of weakening the stranglehold of chaebol and fostering a more even distribution of wealth. Mr. Ahn, whose supporters compare him with Barack Obama—the promising 2008 vintage, not the corked 2012 version—represents a rejection of old-style polities. "Moon is the man of the past, Park is a relic of the past, Ahn is the man of the future, " is how Jang Sung-min, a former parliamentarian puts it. The three-way race makes the election result highly unpredictable. Many expect Mr. Ahn and Mr. Moon to come to some sort of last-minute pact. If they do not, they risk splitting the liberal vote and handing victory to Ms. Park, a result that would appear to be at odds with the anti-establishment mood. One possible interpretation of the political mess in general and the popularity of the political novice Mr. Ahn in particular is that Korea is going through a crisis of democratic legitimacy. That would be quite the wrong conclusion. The country that threw off dictatorship in 1987 is now as robust, if imperfect, a democracy as any in Asia, a rebuke to those who argue that Confucian societies or "Asian values" are somehow incompatible with the ballot box. Far from suggesting that democracy is failing Korea, the noisy tussle around the presidency shows a system adapting to the popular will. That, at least, should brighten the national mood.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by "South Korea wallows in existential angst"?（分数：2.00）A.South Korea is currently experiencing the existential anxiety.B.South Korea now indulges in the existential anger.C.South Korea ties itself with the existential logic.D.South Korea is seeking a new way out of existential crisis.(2).Of the following, what is NOT true about Korea"s "existential crises at home"?（分数：2.00）A.Koreans in general are having a nervous breakdown nationally.B.Fertility is perilously low.C.Suicides are drastically higher.D.South Korea becomes ever more unconfident economically.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE about Chaebol conglomerates?（分数：2.00）A.They are not considered economic bullies at home.B.They are regarded as pride of the nation abroad.C.They have nothing to do with pushing small businesses to bankruptcy.D.All of above.(4).Compared with Barack Obama, what is the image of Mr. Ahn in his supporters" eyes?（分数：2.00）A.He is an establishment figure.B.He is from a minority group that represents the past.C.He has working experience in an enterprise as Obama does.D.He represents a rejection of old-style and man of the future.(5).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE on Korea"s democracy?（分数：2.00）A.It has a bright future.B.The democracy is faring in South Korea.C.Korea is going through a crisis of democratic legitimacy.D.Confucian societies or "Asian values" are incompatible with the democracy.三、选词填空(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Choose the correct headings for each of the following paragraphs marked with B to F. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points, 3 points each). List of Headings i. Read all about it ii. It"s easier than ever to buy culture. iii. culture wars iv. Fueling the explosion v. Cultural abundance unlike a building boom vi. We"ve reached a tipping point, or at least turned a corner. vii. Informal relations viii. Anyone can be a maker of culture. ix. Whatever happened to the television test pattern? Example Answer Paragraph A ix A No more than 20 years ago, most TV stations routinely signed off the air for at least a few hours a day. At the end of their broadcast period, stations would slap a test pattern up on the screen until the next morning"s programming began. The test pattern—occasionally an absurd drawing of a Native American but more often a simple geometric shape adorned with call letters—was a great symbol of cultural dead space, of a moment when nothing was happening, when nothing was being transmitted, save perhaps for a monotonous electronic hum. While some stations still do sign off, they are increasingly rare in a hyperkinetic, always-open America that has shifted fully into 24-7 mode. If the test pattern symbolized a moment of silence in the cultural process, then it"s only fitting that its long run has effectively been canceled. B Similar developments range far beyond the small screen. During the past few decades, we have been experiencing what can aptly be called a "culture boom" : a massive and prolonged increase in art, music, literature, video, and other forms of creative expression. Everywhere we look, the cultural marketplace is open and ready for business: The number of places where you can buy books has more than doubled during the past 20 years, while the number of libraries has increased by about 17 percent. More than 25, 000 video rental stores are scattered across the United States, effectively functioning as second-run theaters and art houses even in the most remote backwaters. More than 110 symphony orchestras have been founded since 1980, reports The Wall Street Journal, which also notes that the national 1997 -98 theatrical season "raked in a record $1.3 billion in ticket sales. " About 3 , 500 commercial radio stations and 670 commercial television stations have come on the air since 1970; during the same period, cable viewership has quadrupled. C The increasingly important World Wide Web has provided space for all sorts of commercial and noncommercial culture, ranging from authorized sites to a reader-compiled database of more than 180, 000 movies to translations of Dante"s sonnets to fan-generated art. In video and music production, where equipment costs were once prohibitive enough to seriously limit access, there is a flourishing, self-conscious "do-it-yourself" movement that has taken great advantage of cheaper technology and distribution methods. In a world of $ 100 VCRs, bargain-basement PCs, CD-rewritable drives, and other technologies that allow users to copy and manipulate images, words, and sound in ever-new and seamless ways, even the sharp distinction between producer and consumer seems increasingly blurred. D Gone for good are the days when serious cultural critics, whether on the right or the left, could nod toward Tocqueville and Mrs. Trollope and bemoan a scarcity of "culture" in America. Instead, the contemporary descendants of such folks are more likely to make the sort of claim Slate"s Jacob Weisberg did recently in a review of economist Tyler Cowen"s In Praise of Commercial Culture. After granting that the United States does in fact offer a dizzying array of cultural opportunities, Weisberg complains: "What we lack is a flourishing common, or national, culture. Contemporary classical music goes unperformed, foreign films have no audience, and hardly anyone reads contemporary poetry. Meanwhile, pap abounds. " There are, in fact, healthy, if small, markets for the fare Weisberg prefers. The problem isn"t a lack of choice in cultural matters: You want Mozart, Mingus, and Marilyn Manson ? No problem—they"re all available(and probably at a discount). Rather, the issue is precisely a profusion of choice in cultural matters; You want Mozart, Mingus—and Marilyn Manson? E By virtually any measure, cultural activity has been enjoying an expansion that stacks up to Wall Street"s long-running bull market. Interestingly, the culture boom has, for the most part, seen older art forms supplemented and preserved, rather than paved over. The past 30 years have seen a number of developments that have greatly increased the amount and variety of TV-related culture available. The average home now has 2. 3 sets,compared to 1. 4 sets in 1970. Cable is now in 65. 3 percent of all households with TVs(compared to 6.7 percent in 1970). The average subscriber receives 30 to 60 channels, typically including several devoted not merely to shopping but to new and old feature films, reruns of old shows, documentaries, and other sorts of specialized programming. Omnipresent video rental stores give virtually everyone access to a film library that a few decades ago even a millionaire wouldn"t have been able to afford. F The culture boom is similarly reshaping book publishing. While an enormous amount of ink has been spilled over the demise of print culture, the death of so-called mid-list authors, and the threat to diversity posed by mega-mergers among publishers, actual book sales and related figures suggest a very different picture. Between 1975 and 1996, the number of books sold increased by 817 million units annually. Fifty years ago, Tyler Cowen points out in In Praise of Commercial Culture, there were only 85, 000 titles in print in the United States. Today, that figure stands at about 1. 3 million. The increase in the number of books available has been matched by an increase in places to get books. Between 1985 and 1993, for instance, the number of "ultimate companies"—outlets selling books in some form or another—rose from 9, 200 to almost 20, 000. Such staggering numbers have, of course, been eclipsed by Web sellers such as Amazon, com and Barnes & Noble"s onlineoutfit(barnesandnoble. com). Boasting sites that include several million titles, Amazon and Barnes & Noble have been joined in cyberspace by used-book sites that combine lists from hundreds of used-hook stores nationwide. The Web retailers are also leading the way in increasing access to foreign tides that have traditionally been very difficult to find in the States.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph B 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).Paragraph C 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).Paragraph D 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).Paragraph E 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Paragraph F 1（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________The backlash against the rich has gone global 1Defending the French government"s recent decision to raise the top rate of income tax to 75 per cent, Pierre Moscovici, the country"s finance minister, told Le Monde: " This is not a punitive measure, but a patriotic measure. " The rich, he explained, are being given an opportunity to make "an exceptional contribution" to solving France"s financial problems. I am sure they are very grateful. France is clearly taking a big risk by raising its tax rates so much higher than those of its neighbours, 2The truth is that the new French government is at the extreme end of a new global trend: an international backlash against the wealthy that is reshaping politics from Europe to the U. S. to China. David Cameron, the British prime minister, has offered to roll out the red carpet for French tax exiles. But even in Britain, where the top tax rate is 45 per cent, there is a new mood of antagonism towards the rich. 3 In the U. S. , meanwhile, Barack Obama is campaigning to increase taxes on "millionaires and billionaires". It is true that the tax rises that the U. S. president wants would be laughably small by French standards. Mr Obama merely wants to raise the top rate from 35 per cent to 39. 6 per cent, as well as increasing taxes on capital gains and dividends. 4 The French socialists made great play of Nicolas Sarkozy"s allegedly " bling" lifestyle and friendships with the super-rich. In similar vein, the Obama campaign has attacked Mitt Romney as a tax-dodging representative of "the 1 per cent"—and mocked his wife"s ownership of a dressage horse. These tactics sound risky because Americans are traditionally said to admire the wealthy , rather than to envy them. But the Obama camp can read polls. By a margin of 64 per cent to 33 per cent, Americans are in favour of higher taxes on those earning more than $250, 000. Political sensitivities about the gap between the wealthy and the rest are not confined to the west. The lifestyles of the rich and powerful is now the most sensitive and dangerous topic in Chinese polities. The website of Bloomberg News was recently shut down in China, apparently as punishment for the publication of an article on the family wealth of a high rank official in China. Why is all this happening? As Zanny Minton Beddoes of The Economist writes in a recent essay, " a majority of the world"s citizens now live in countries where the gap between the rich and the rest is a lot bigger than it was a generation ago". 5As Ms. Minton Beddoes points out, in the U. S. "the portion of national income going to the richest 1 per cent tripled from 8 per cent in the 1970s to 24 per cent in 2007". Eventually that kind of shift is liable tospark a political backlash. The trigger for that reaction has been the Great Recession, which has increased the pressure on the living standards of ordinary people, while exposing misbehaviour at the top. Western politicians, from Barack Obama to Francois Hollande are seeking to capture and channel this new mood. In Asia, where the Great Recession has hit less hard, other factors may be at work. The internet and the rise of microblogging have made it easier to spread information and to whip up indignation about the gap between the hard-pressed worker and the super-rich. Choose the following sentences marked A to E to complete the above article. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. A. The trend has been most extreme in the west. B. It is never a great sign when politicians start appealing to taxpayers" patriotism. C. Even conservative politicians dare not defend bankers" pay. D. But it is a mistake to portray the Hollande administration as Socialist dinosaurs. E. But some of the president"s rhetoric has distinct echoes of the successful Hollande campaign in France.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________四、选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)4.The man at the wheel is the fastest athlete in the world today, who has just taken delivery of his new car, thelatest______of the Toyota Supra.（分数：2.00）unchB.versionC.ventureD.mode5.As policymakers rush to implement reforms in response to one financial calamity, they are ______create distortions that pave the way for the next disaster.（分数：2.00）A.apt toB.apt atC.risk toD.risk in6.As everyone understands, struggling______ economies must find a way to boost their net exports.（分数：2.00）A.surroundingB.minorC.ambientD.peripheral7.I seem to hear the lyrics with his humming: ______what may, I"ll love you until my dying day.（分数：2.00）esB.Will comeinge8.Apart from the budget office and other disinterested parties that study the law, each side in the debate uses research sponsored by interest groups, often______, to support its case.（分数：2.00）A.slopedB.sloppyC.tippedD.slanted9.All the doors were of stainless steel and the whole was kept______by the cleaning squad.（分数：2.00）A.right on the noseB.spick and spanC.under the wireD.safe and sound10.It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and______ from my fellow-being, through no fault, and no merit, of my own.（分数：2.00）A.curtsyB.contemptC.reverenceD.courtesy11.The system, furthermore, helps the company in accessing up-to-date publishing information and sales analysis, which have become______of the retail business.（分数：2.00）A.part and partakeB.odds and endsC.part and parcelD.facts and figures12.For Japan, with a large share of its exports destined for Europe, a deeper crisis there would ______growth.（分数：2.00）A.take its toll onB.send away forC.bring a charge home toD.put a check on13.The 15 "recommended goods" have photos and resumes with their "starting prices" , ______ their expected monthly pay, ranging from RMB2000 -3000.（分数：2.00）A.e. g.B.viz.C.n. b.D.vs.14."Let us go forth to lead the land we love. "（分数：2.00）A.simileB.metaphorC.alliterationD.assonance15.A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid.（分数：2.00）A.zeugmaB.assonanceC.aporiaD.euphony16.A notorious annual feast, the picnic was well attended.（分数：2.00）A.litotesB.appositiveC.parodyD.antithesis。