物理化学课后习题答案第九章

物理化学习题解答(九)

习题p109~116

1解：

(1) Pt︱H2(p H2)︱HCl(a)︱Cl2(p Cl2)︱Pt

正极：Cl2(p Cl2)+ 2e-→2Cl-(a)

负极：H2(p H2) –2e-→2H+(a)

电池反应：H2(p H2) + Cl2(p Cl2)==2HCl(a) (2) Pt︱H2(p H2)︱H+(a H+)‖Ag+(a Ag+)︱Ag(s) 正极：Ag+(a Ag+)+ e-→Ag(s)

负极：H2(p H2) –2e-→2H+(a H+)

电池反应：H2(p H2) + Ag+(a Ag+)==2H+(a H+)+ Ag(s)

(3) Ag(s)︱AgI(s)︱I-(a I-)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)

正极：AgCl(s) + e-→Ag(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

负极：Ag(s) + I-(a I-)– e-→AgI(s)

电池反应：AgCl(s) + I-(a I-)==AgI(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

(4) Pb(s)︱PbSO4(s)︱SO42-(a SO42-)‖Cu2+(a Cu2+)︱Cu(s)

正极：Cu2+(a Cu2+) + 2e-→Cu(s)

负极：Pb(s) + SO42-(a SO42-)–2e-→PbSO4(s)

电池反应：Pb(s) + Cu2+(a Cu2+) + SO42-(a SO42-)==PbSO4(s) + Cu(s)

(5) Pt︱H2(p H2)︱NaOH(a)︱HgO(s)︱Hg(l)

正极：HgO(s) + H2O (l)+ 2e-→Hg(l) + 2OH-(a OH-)

负极：H2(p H2)+ 2OH-(a OH-) –2e-→2H2O(l)

电池反应：HgO(s) + H2(p H2)==Hg(l)+H2O(l) (6) Pt︱H2(p H2)︱H+(a H+)︱Sb2O3(s)︱Sb(s) 正极：Sb2O3(s) + 6H+(a H+)+ 6e-→2Sb(s) + 3H2O(l)

负极：H2(p H2) –2e-→2H+(a H+)

电池反应：Sb2O3(s) + 3H2(p H2) ==2Sb(s) + 3H2O(l)

(7) Pt︱Fe3+(a1)，Fe2+(a2)‖Ag+(a Ag+)︱Ag(s)

正极：Ag+(a Ag+)+ e-→Ag(s)

负极：Fe2+(a2) – e-→ Fe3+(a1)

电池反应：Ag+(a Ag+) + Fe2+( a2)==Fe3+( a1)+Ag(s)

(8) Na(Hg)(a am)︱Na+(a Na+)‖OH-(a OH-)︱HgO(s)︱Hg(l)

正极：HgO(s) + H2O (l)+ 2e-→Hg(l) +2OH-(a OH-)

负极：2Na(Hg)(a am) –2e-→2Na+(a Na+) + 2Hg(l)

电池反应：2Na(Hg)(a am) + HgO (s) + H2O(l)==2 Na+(a Na+) + 2OH-(a OH-) + 3Hg(l)

2解：

(1)AgCl(s)==Ag+(a Ag+) + Cl-(a Cl-)

电池：Ag(s)︱Ag+(a Ag+)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)

正极：AgCl(s) + e-→Ag(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

负极：Ag(s)–e-→Ag+(a Ag+)

电池反应：AgCl(s)==Ag+(a Ag+) + Cl-(a Cl-) (2)AgCl(s) + I-(a I-) ==AgI(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

电池：Ag(s)︱AgI(s)︱I-(a I-)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)

正极：AgCl(s) + e-→A g(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

负极：Ag(s) + I-(a I-)– e-→AgI(s)

电池反应：AgCl(s) + I-(a I-) ==AgI(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

(3) HgO(s) + H2(p H2)==Hg(l)+H2O(l)

电池：Pt(s)︱H2(p H2)︱NaOH(a)︱HgO(s)︱

Hg(l)

正极：HgO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e-→Hg(l) + 2OH-(a)

负极：H2(g) + 2OH-(a) –2e-→2H2O(l)

电池反应：HgO(s) + H2(p H2)→Hg(l) + H2O(l) (4) Fe2+(a Fe2+) + Ag+(a Ag+)== Fe3+(a Fe3+) + Ag(s)

电池：Pt(s)︱Fe3+(a Fe3+)，Fe2+( a Fe2+)‖Ag+(a Ag+)︱Ag(s)

正极：Ag+(a Ag+)+ e-→Ag(s)

负极：Fe2+( a Fe2+) – e-→ Fe3+( a Fe3+)

电池反应：Fe2+(a Fe2+)+Ag+(a Ag+)== Fe3+( a Fe3+) + Ag(s)

(5) 2 H2(p H2) + O2(p O2)==2H2O(l)

电池：Pt︱H2(p H2)︱H+(a H+)︱O2(p O2)︱Pt(s) 正极：O2(p O2) + 4H+(a H+) + 4 e-→2H2O(l)

负极：2H2(p H2) – 4e-→4H+(a H+)

电池反应：2 H2(p H2) + O2(p O2)==2H2O(l) (6) Cl2(p Cl2) + 2I-(a I-)==I2(s)+2Cl-(a Cl-)

电池：Pt︱I2(s))︱I-(a I-)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱Cl2(p Cl2)︱Pt

正极：Cl2(p Cl2) + 2e-→2Cl-(a Cl-)