高中英语语法-形容词和副词

3．方式副词carefully, properly, suddenly, normally, fast, well, politely, warmly, 方式副词一般放在动词后 The girl danced beautifully. She speaks English very well. 被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间： The runner was badly hurt. English is widely spoken in the world today.
（3）形容词短语作定语时要后置。这些形容词短语多 是由 “形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成。
It is a problem difficult to solve.
（4）形容词成对使用时，由and/or连接的并列形容词 成对使用时后置。
Everyone, young or old, will do it.
1.Chinese, glass, a, beautiful, table a beautiful Chinese glass table 2.wonderful, my, garden, new, large my wonderful large new garden 3. a, round, table, small a small round table 4. a, old, dirty, brown shirt a dirty old brown shirt
(3) tall与high： Tall 指身高的高度，用于人和动物, 反义词为 short He is very short/tall. High 指物体的高度，另可形容价格,质量等, 反义词为low The kite is flying very high. Tall和high都可用来指tree, building, tower等， 但mountain只能用high形容。
2．频度副词: often, sometimes, seldom, never, constantly, frequently, occasionally, usually等。 通常在不需要强调时放在行为动词前，放在to be或第 一个助动词和情态动词之后。常用的这类词： I often saw her walk in the park. He is always talking in the class.
（5） 表示方位、时间和数量等习语、词组连用时后置
This is a river two hundred miles long. It is a bridge eight metres wide.
（二）作表语 1．在连系动词后要用形容词作表语：常见的连系动 词有:be，look，feel，smell，taste，sound， get/become/grow，remain, 而行为动词则要用副词 修饰。 The cake tastes delicious. He looks very tired.
(4) too much与much too： too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量； much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词： I am full because I have had too much rice. That coat is much too dear. (5) lonely与alone： lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或 表语； alone “独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的 alone可作状语)： He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
quick、fast与soon： quick往往指反应速度快, fast往往指运动速度快, soon则表示时间上很快即将发生： After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school. A train is much faster than a bus. His father will be back to China very soon.
other与else的区别： other放在名词前； else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外 ,or else表示“否则”,是连词： The other students are on the playground Who else can work out this maths problem? Do you have anything else to say for yourself?
Tony is going camping with ______ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案：C. 由\“限定词--数词--描绘 One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 年龄+国家+材料。
2．只能用作表语的形容词：大多数形容词可以用作 定语或表语，但有些形容词只能用作表语。 （1）以“a-”开头的形容词和content, ill, drunk, sure, liable, unable, well等词。 She is asleep now. The film is worth seeing.
形容词的功能及位置： 形容词的功能及位置：
（一）作定语 1．前置定语 （1）形容词作定语一般需放在它所修饰的名词之前 并尽量靠近被修饰的词。在这种位置上的定语叫前置 定语。语序一般为“冠词（或其他限定词）+形容词 +名词”。 He is an honest boy.
（2）若有多个形容修饰名词，它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词 的密切程度来决定。其排列顺序通常是：（县官行令杀国材） 限定词＋描绘性形容词＋颜色＋国籍、地区＋用途、类别＋名： 县，即“限”，指限定词，如：the; a/an; this; that; your; my; 官，即“观”，指观点或评价性词，如：lovely; interesting; cute 行，即“形”，指形状大小，如：large; big; small; little; round; 令，即“龄”，指年龄及新旧，如：new; old; ancient; old… 杀，即“色”，指颜色，如：red; green; orange; brown… 国，指国家或出处，如：Chinese; Japanese; home-made… 材，指材料，也就是用什么做的。如：glass; stone; wood
有关形容词的用法辨析
(1) whole与all： ① the whole + 名词； ②all (of) the + 名词。 He was busy the whole morning. He can remember all the words he learns. (2) real与true： real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”； true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”： This is a real diamond。 --Is that true? -- Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
副词及其基本用法
副词就是修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范 围的词 ⑴作状语 作状语： 作状语 1．程度副词：much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, enough, almost, hardly. (1)程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词的 前面，放在to be或第一个助动词和情态动词之后 I can hardly believe what he said. I am very happy to be with you. The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed very sad.
形容词和副词
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
形容词
性质形容词
叙述形容词
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它 有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、 表语和补语。例如：hot。 Today is very hot. It’s a hot day. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类 形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数 以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如，afraid 错: He is an ill man. 对：The man is ill. 错: She is an afraid girl. 对：The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid， alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake
(2) too(that, this, as, so, how, however)+形容词 +a/an+名词 I’ve never seen that big an apple. This is too difficult a question. 副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放 在名词前后都可： If I had a long enough holiday I‘d visit Europe. There is enough food for everyone to eat. = There is food enough for everyone to eat.
2．后置定语 （1）作不定代词的定语 修饰someone, something, anyone, anything, nobody everyone, nothing, no one, 等不定代词时，要后置。 There is nothing new. She must have met something dangerous. （2）前缀以a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置。 常见的有afraid, alive, alike, asleep, awake等 The man awake at that time was Mr. Smith.
（2）有些形容词是以-ly结尾的，我们容易把它们误 认为是副词，如lovely，friendly，orderly， motherly, lonely，likely，lively，ugly: （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 但有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily， weekly，monthly，yearly，early等： The Times is a weekly paper. The Times is published weekly. （3）作表语但不用人做主语的形容词 convenient, possible, impossible, necessary,
（三）用形容词表示类别和整体 （1）某些形容词前加上the变成名词化的形容词， 相当于名词，表示一类人，在句子中做主、宾等。 the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind The young should respect the old. （2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这Leabharlann Baidu民 族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等： The English have wonderful sense of humor.