2014高考英语江苏卷评析

2014高考英语江苏卷评析

一年一度的高考终于降下了帷幕。2014年江苏高考英语试卷，本文只对其特色做一点评。今年的江苏试卷基于语篇，突出语用，注重能力，联系实际，较好地兼顾了英语学科的人文性和工具性。情感体验和思维能力也是今年试题的两大基本特点。体现了近年来鼓励学生扩大以英语为载体的知识面的导向性特征，继续突显了对外语思维能力和交际能力的考察，具体题型也呈现出改革和创新的特点。试卷第23题和第33题涉及青奥会和端午节等时事和民族传统文化内容，体现出英语教学与考生实际生活之间的关联。

“英语知识运用”部分，有的题目是来自国外著名散文中的名句，体现出英语的原汁原味，更增加了试卷的文雅色彩。例如：

28题，选自玛丽·杰克斯(Mary Jaksch) 的What Is Happiness?

34题，选自简·霍华德(Jane·Howard)的Families.

此外，27题则是直接来自《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》的例句：

She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's election. 虽然两年前就已遭软禁，她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。

本文为老师们提供原题的出处和背景，旨在帮助理解句子，为学生做好答案解析。

请看“英语知识运用”部分第34题，源自简·霍华德的Families，第3节第一句话：

34. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.（2014江苏卷）

A. something

B. anything

C. everything

D. nothing

Families 家庭

By Jane·Howard

简·霍华德（英汉对照）

Each of us is born into one family not of our choosing. If we’re going to go around devising new ones, we might as well have the luxury of picking their members ourselves. Clever picking might result in new families whose benefits would surpass or at least equal those of the old. The new ones by definition cannot spawn us - as soon as they do that, they stop being new - but there is plenty they can do. I have seen them work wonders. As a member in reasonable standing of six or seven tribes in addition to the one I was born to, I have been trying to figure which earmarks are common to both kinds of families.

我们每一个人出生的家庭都是无法选择的。如果我们即将组建新的家庭，我们也许同样会有自己挑选家人的这个难得的机会。一个明智的选择能使得新的家庭的受益超过或者至少等同于过去的家庭。一个新建的家庭按理来说是不能再生我们了--一旦它做到了，它就不再是新的了--但他们仍有很多可为之事。我就曾经见识过他们发挥的奇妙作用。作为生来就是

六到七伙人中的一名成员，我曾经试着找出各种类型家庭的共通之处。

(1) Good families have a chief, or a heroine, or a founder - someone around whom others cluster, whose achievements as the Yiddish word has it, let them kvell, and whose example spurs them on to like feats. Some blood dynasties produce such figures regularly; others languish for as many as five generations between demigods, wondering with each new pregnancy whether this, at last, might be the messianic baby who will redeem us. Look, is there not something gubernatorial about her footstep, or musical about the way he bangs with his spoon on his cup? All clans, of all kinds, need such a figure now and then. Sometimes clans based on water rather than blood harbor several such personages at one time. The Bloomsbury Group in London six decades ago was not much hampered by its lack of a temporal history.

（1）优秀的家庭有一位领导者，或者是女主人，或者是创始人--他身边总簇拥着人们，他的成就用犹太语来说，让他身边的人洋洋得意，他的榜样激励身边的追求伟业。一些家族经常诞生这样的人物;其他的则在伟人之间会衰落5代之多,每次怀上了孩子都好奇会不会就是这个人，至少，有可能就是这个救世主似的孩子即将解救我们。看吧，这些成就难道不是多多少少继承了她的足迹，或者是因为她用勺子敲咖啡杯的乐曲般的清音吗？所有的家族，不管何种类型，都时不时的需要这样的一位大人物。从前一度有一些家族基于养育而非血缘收养几个这样的人物。在伦敦的布鲁姆伯利文化圈［1］在六十年前亦并没有因为其缺少世俗的历史受到多少阻碍。

(2) Good families have a switchboard operator - someone like my mother who cannot help but keep track of what all the others are up to, who plays Houston Mission Control to everyone else’s Apollo. This role, like the foregoing one, is assumed rather than assigned. Someone always volunteers for it. That person often also has the instincts of an archivist, and feels driven to keep scrapbooks and photograph albums up to date, so that the clan can see proof of its own continuity.

（2）优秀的家庭有一位交换台操作员--就像我的妈妈，虽然她帮不上忙但对所有人正在做什么了若指掌，充当休斯敦任务控制中心对于所有阿波罗飞船们的角色。这个职能，如前所述，主动承担总是比指定好些。有的人总是很愿意充担它。这样的人总是有着档案报关员的天赋，有制作最新的剪贴簿和照片集的欲望，如此家族就可以看到自己连续的不同时期的证明。

(3) Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none. Good families are fortresses with many windows and doors to the outer world. The blood clans I feel most drawn to were founded by parents who are nearly as devoted to whatever it is they do outside as they are to each other and their children. Their curiosity and passion are contagious. Everybody, where they live, is busy. Paint is spattered on eyeglasses. Mud lurks under fingernails. Person-to-person calls come in the middle of the night from Tokyo and Brussels. Catchers’mitts, ballet slippers, overdue library books and other signs of extra-familial concerns are everywhere.

（3）优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。一个的家庭是由门窗隔离外部世界的堡垒。一个家族我感到最疲累的莫过于由父母几乎奉献了所有在外辛劳为了彼此以及他们的孩子们从而撑起的家庭。他们的好奇心和激情会传染。每一个人，不管他们住在哪，都是忙碌的。眼镜被颜料涂上颜色，泥土潜藏在指甲缝间。午夜接到来自东京和的布鲁塞尔的长途电话。接球手手套、芭蕾舞鞋、逾期未还的图书馆的书以及其他额外的家庭