情态动词+完成时讲解学习

情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时

（modal verbs + have + past participle）

情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度

情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。

1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上是说话人在表达责

备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。

We should have cut away the jungle bush.

我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。

How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.

我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。

s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。

You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.

你本来不应该告诉任何人。

They shouldn’t have left so soon.

他们本来不应该去得那么早。

2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should + ha ve +

过去分词”

You ought to have helped him.

你本应该帮他一把。

You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.

上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。

否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.

你不该把他的伞拿走。

He oughtn’t to have been there.

他本不应该到那去。

3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成“当时一定；想必已

经；当时可能”。

What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.

对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。

表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”，一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。

Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.

乔不可能离开了，刚才我还看见他了。

The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.

舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。

“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语（before 除外）反意疑问句用did.

He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

他准把作业做完了。对吗？

He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?

他昨晚上肯定参加会议了，是吗？

4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否

定句，但不用于疑问句

In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical

technique.

作为报答，我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。

Might he have been caught and killed?

他有可能被抓住杀掉了吗？

might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有“本应该┅”，含有婉转责备的意思。

You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.

我对你讲话时，你应该认真听才对。

You might have let me know before you went out.

外出之前，你本应该先告诉我一声。

5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去

分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。

Can he have gone yesterday?

难道他昨天就已经走了吗？

They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, b ecause I drew a map to them.

他们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给他们画了一张画。

Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.

本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。

Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.

玛丽不可能去上学，今天是星期天。

在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/ might / may + 完成时。

They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.

他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。

6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。有责备的意

思。否定形式表示“做了本不应该做”的事

You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.

你没有必要这么早就叫醒我，（因为）今天是星期天。

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

你本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。

You needn' t have told him the news; he knew it already.