管理经济学MBA(英文版)
USTC管理经济学MBA硕士习题和答案
Final Exam For MBA Managerial EconomicsUSTC 11th,Jan,2014 Student ID_______________ Name in Chinese____________Part I Multiple Choice1. Economic theory is a valuable tool for business decision making because itA)identifies for managers the essential information for making a decision.B)assumes away the problem.C)creates a realistic, complex model of the business firm.D provides an easy solution to complex business problems.2. Economic profit isA) the difference between total revenue and the opportunity cost of all of the resources used inproduction.B) the difference between total revenue and the implicit costs of using owner-supplied resources.C) the difference between accounting profit and the opportunity cost of the market-supplied resources used by the firm.D) the difference between accounting profit and explicit costs.3. St. Charles Hospital, located in an upper-income neighborhood of a large city, recently receiveda restored mansion as a gift from an appreciative patient. The board of directors decided to remodel the mansion and use it as recuperative quarters for patients willing to pay a premium for luxurious accommodations. The cost to the hospital of using the mansion includesA) nothing because it was a gift.B) how much the hospital pays for upkeep--taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, etc.C) how much the hospital would receive if it rented or sold the mansion.D) both b and c4. The principal-agent problem arises whenA) the principal and the agent have different objectives.B) the principal cannot enforce the contract with the agent or finds it too costly to monitor the agent.C) the principal cannot decide whether the firm should seek to maximize the expected future profits of the firm or maximize the price for which the firm can be sold.D) both a and bE) both a and c5. In a perfectly competitive marketA) all firms produce and sell a standardized or undifferentiated product.B) the output sold by a particular firm may be quite different from the output sold by the other firms in the market.C) firms are price-setters.D) it is difficult for new firms to enter the market due to barriers to entry.Use the following general linear demand relation to answer questions 6 through 8.Q d = 500 – 3P + 0.006M – 4P Rwhere M is income and PRis the price of a related good, R.6. From this relation it is apparent that the good is:A) an inferior goodB) a substitute for good RC) a normal goodD) a complement for good RE) both c and d7. If M = $15,000 and PR= $20, the demand function isA) P = 510 – 3Q dB) Q d = 510 – 3PC) Q d = 500 – 3PD) P = 500 – 3Q dE) Q d = 600– 3P8. If M = $15,000 and PR = $20 and the supply function is Qs=30+3P, equilibrium price andquantity are, respectively,A) P = $80 and Q = 270.B) P = $66 and Q = 380.C) P = $80 and Q = 280.D) P = $90 and Q = 270.E) P = $80 and Q = 240.9. If the current price of a good is $10, market demand is Qd=400-20P, and market supply isQs=-50+10P, thenA) more of the good is being produced than people want to buy.B) a lower price will increase the shortage.C) at the current price there is excess demand, or a shortage, of 150 units.D) Both b and cE) All of the above10. Consumer surplusA) is positive for all but the last unit purchased.B) for a particular unit of consumption is computed by taking the difference between demand price and market price.C) for all units consumed is the area below demand and above market price over all the units consumed.D) added to producer surplus provides a measure of the net gain to society from the production and consumption of the good.E) all of the above11. A firm will maximize profit by producing that level of output at whichA) the additional revenue from the last unit sold exceeds the additional cost of the last unit by the largest amount.B) the additional revenue from the last unit sold equals the additional cost of the last unit.C) total revenue equals total cost.D) both b and c12. The function a decision maker seeks to maximize or minimize is the ________ function.A) optimalB) decision-makingC) objectiveD) marginalE) none of the above13. When marginal cost is greater than marginal benefit at the current activity level, the decision maker can increase net benefit by decreasing the activity becauseA) total benefit will rise by more than total cost will rise.B) marginal cost is rising faster than marginal benefit is falling.C) net benefit is upward sloping at this point.D) total cost will fall by more than total benefit will fall.14. In a linear regression equation of the form Y = a + bX, the slope parameter b shows…A) ΔY / Δb.B) ΔX / Δb.C) ΔY / ΔX.D) ΔX / ΔY.E) none of the above15. The sample regression lineA) shows the actual (or true) relation between the dependent and independent variables.B) is used to estimate the population regression line.C) connects the data points in a sample.D) is estimated by the population regression line.E) both b and c16. A typical indifference curve…A) shows that as a consumer has more of a good he or she is less willing to exchange it for one unit of another good.B) shows all combinations of goods that give a consumer the same level of utility.C) shifts out if income increases.D) both b and cE) all of the above17. Along an indifference curveA) the ratio of the marginal utilities is constant.B) the MRS is constant.C) the price ratio is constant.D) both b and cE) none of the above18. Marginal utility is the…A) relative value of two goods when a utility-maximizing decision has been made.B) change in total utility that results from increasing the amount of a good consumed by one unit.C) change in the amount of a good consumed that increases total utility by one unit.D) utility obtained from the consumption of all but the last unit of a good.E) none of the aboveThe next 4 questions refer to the following graph: The price of X is $30 and the price of Y is $60.19. If U 1 is the highest level of utility the consumer can achieve, what is the consumer's income?A) $ 480 B) $ 600 C) $ 800 D) $1,200E) none of the above20. How many units of X will the consumer choose if point B is the utility -maximizing choice?A) 28 B) 30 C) 32 D) 60E) none of above21. At point B,A) if the consumer obtains one more unit of Y , ½ unit of X must be foregone in order to keep utility unchanged.B) if the consumer obtains one more unit of X, two units of Y must be foregone in order to keep utility unchanged.C) the marginal rate of substitution is ½. D) both a and c E) all of the above22. If income is $1800, how many units of Y will the consumer choose?A) 24 B) 8 C) 32 D) 204024Units of good XU n i t s o f g o o d YE) 1423. Which of the following will NOT affect the elasticity of demand for a product?A) the number of substitutesB) how long consumers have to adapt to price changesC) the cost of producing the productD) the percentage of the consumer’s budget spent on the productE) all of the above will affect the elasticity of demand for a product24. If the price elasticity of demand for a good is 0.8 and quantity demanded decreases by 40%, price must haveA) increased by 50%.B) increased by 32%.C) decreased by 20%.D) decreased by 32%.E) none of the aboveThe next 4 questions refer to the following figure:25. The price for which 300 units can be sold is $_____.A) 6B) 8C) 10D) 16E) 1826. The price at which total revenue is maximized is $_____.A) 10B) 12C) 15D) 8E) 627. The marginal revenue of the 100th unit is $_____ and demand is __________ at this point.A) 15；inelasticB) 10；elasticC) 12；elasticD) 15；elasticE) 12；inelastic28. What is demand elasticity over the price range $10 to $15?A) -2.00B) -1.00C) -0.50D) -0.95E) -0.7129. Demand equations derived from actual market data areA) generally estimated using regression analysisB) never estimated using consumer interviews.C) empirical demand functions.D) both a and cE) both a and b30. For a linear demand function, Q = a + bP + cM + dP R, the cross-price elasticity is…A) dB) d(Q/P R)C) d(P R/Q)D) -dE) -d(Q/P)31 A short-run production function assumes thatA) the level of output is fixed.B) at least one input is a fixed input.C) all inputs are fixed inputs.D) both a and bE) both b and c32. If average product is increasing, then marginal productA) must be greater than average product.B) must be less than average product.C) must be increasing.D) cannot be decreasing.E) both a and cThe next 2 questions refer to the following:The amount of total output produced from various combinations of labor and capital.Units of Capital1234Units of Labor 1234520385363683668941121204888122148164539413316418433. If capital is fixed at three units, how much does the fourth unit of labor add to total output?A) 16B) 28C) 34D) 36E) none of the above34. If the amount of labor used increases from three to four units, the marginal product of the second unit of capitalA) increases by 8 units.B) increases by 49 units.C) decreases by 14 units.D) decreases by 49 units.E) none of the aboveThe next 3 questions refer to the following:The graph on the left shows the short run cost curves for a firm in a perfectly competitive market, and the graph on the right shows the current market conditions in this industry.35. In order to maximize profit, how much output should the firm produce?A) 20 unitsB) 40 unitsC) 50 unitsD) 60 unitsE) 80 units36. What is the maximum amount of profit the firm can earn?A) $ 50B) $ 40C) $ 80D) $15037. What do you expect to happen in the long-run?A) Market supply will decrease.B) Market price will decrease.C) The firm's profit will decrease.D) both b and cE) all of the above38. For a price-taking firm, marginal revenueA)decreases as the firm produces more output.B)is the addition to total revenue from producing one more unit of output.C)is equal to price at any level of output.D)both b and cE)both a and c39. In order to minimize losses in the short run, a perfectly competitive firm should shut down if…A) total revenue is less than total cost.B)total revenue is less than total fixed cost.C)total revenue is less than the difference between total fixed cost and total variable cost.D)total revenue is less than total variable cost.40. A monopolistA) can earn a greater than normal rate of return in the long run.B)can raise its price without losing any sales because it is the only supplier in the market.C)always charges a price that is higher than marginal revenue.D)both a and cE)both b and cPart IIPlease read the following two excerpts and write up your insights into them. Support your position with principles and basic concepts you learned from this course and from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.1.The Pope and the price of FishFor over one thousand years, the Catholic Church required its members to abstain from meat on Friday in the spirit of penance. This obligatory abstinence from meat has helped maintain the sagging U.S. commercial fishing industry. However, Pope Paul VI in February of 1966 issued an apostolic decree，“Poenitemini，”relaxing the rules on fasting and abstinence during Lent. As parts of the decree，the Pope delegated power to national conference of local Bishops to decide Whether to continue the rule of Friday abstinence. Having this authority, the Catholic Bishops of the U.S. terminated obligatory meatless Fridays, except during Lent. Starting in December 1966,Catholic were no longer bound to abstain from meat eating on non-Lent Friday（i.e.，approximately 46 Fridays during the year）The actions of Pope Paul VI and U.S. Bishops have come in the wake of government efforts to arrest the decline in commercial fishing through the 1964 Fishing Fleet Improvement Act(1,pp.141-62). On a broader scale, the reaction of the world’s 584 million Roman Catholics may seriously damage commercial fishing in many counties. The purpose of this article is to assess the short-run economic impact of the Papal-Bishop decree. For New England，the test area, it will be demonstrated that during the nine-month period following the P-B decree the demand curve for fish has shifted downward resulting in a 12.5% fall in landing prices.2.Toll-free holiday for the good of peopleAmid growing calls, the State Council or China’s cabinet, issued a toll-free road policy in August, allowing passenger cars with seven seats or less to travel for free on toll roads during four major holidays. The first toll-free holiday will be the upcoming eight-day Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday. The removal of toll fees will not only make travel cheaper and more convenient, but will also boost the service industry, as people will spend more and more money on related services, such as food and accommodation.Hu Fangjun, an expert from the China Academy of Transportation Sciences, said companies funded by the toll fees will close about 20 billion yuan each year throughout four extended holidays due to the waiving of fees.However new revenues derived from hefty spending during the longest holiday season will likely compensate for the losses. The companies that run the toll booths are largely state-owned, while the sector has been named as one of the most profitable in China.Expensive tolls fees also drive up logistics costs, which can affect the prices of a wide range of commodities, forcing consumers to foot the bill in the end.Roads are public infrastructure. Every citizen has the right to be on the road. The waiving of tool fees during holidays will give the roads back to the public.Answer Sheet Part I Multiple ChoiceAADDA CECABEBADE ACBDCBCDCB BAEACBEBDC ADDDDPart II1.2.。
管理经济学(英文)Ch02 Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium Prices
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.6
Demand Curves
Figure 2.1
P1 P2 0
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.15
Non-Price Factors Influencing Supply
State of technology Input prices
Prices of goods related in
production
Future expectations
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
2.20
Changes (Increase) in Supply Figure 2.5
S1 S2 P1 0
A change in supply occurs when one or more of the factors held constant in defining a given supply curve change
A B
The demand curve shows the relationship between price of a good and quantity demanded, all else constant
Demand Q1 Q2 Quantity
2.7
More About Demand Curves
P1
DB DA 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Quantity DM = DA + DB
MBA课程教材及参考书
课 程 名 称学时/学分开课学期任课教师管理学48/3第一学期殷群管理经济学48/3第一学期陈伟民数据、模型与决策48/3第一学期张相斌战略管理32/2第一学期刘立财务管理32/2第二学期秦军市场营销32/2第二学期曹亚东运营管理32/2第二学期彭英信息系统与信息资源管理32/2第二学期翟丹妮会计学32/2第二学期何卫红组织行为学32/2第二学期周文成管理沟通32/2第二学期赵波人力资源管理32/2第二学期魏江茹MBA课程教材及参考书1.课程名称： 管理学课程英文名称：Principles of Management学时：48 学分：3 开课学期： 第 1 学期 任课教师： 殷群 先修课程： 无教材及主要参考文献教材：斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯著，孙建敏等译：管理学（第九版），中国人民大学出版社，2004；参考书：哈罗德•孔茨著:《管理学》，经济科学出版社；约翰•斯通纳等，管理学教程，华夏出版社出版。
2. 课程名称（中文）： 管理经济学课程名称（英文）：Managerial Economics学时： 48 学分：3 开课学期：第 1 学期任课教师： 陈伟民先修课程： 高等数学；统计学教材及主要参考文献教材：《管理经济学》[美]H克雷格·彼得森 北京：中国人民大学出版社参考书： 1、《管理经济学》袁志刚，上海：复旦大学出版社2、《管理经济学》吴德庆，北京：中国人民大学出版社3. 课程名称：数据、模型与决策课程英文名称：Data, Modeling and Decision-making学时： 48 学分： 3 开课学期：第一学期任课教师：张相斌先修课程：线性代数、概率论与数理统计教材及主要参考文献教材：Barry Render Ralph M. Stair, Jr. Michael E. Hanna. “面向管理的数量分析” 北京大学出版社，2010主要参考文献：David R. Anderson Dennis J. Sweeney et al.“数据、模型与决策” 机械工业出版社，20104. 课程名称： 战略管理课程英文名称：Strategy Management学时：32 学分：2 开课学期： 第 1 学期任课教师：刘立先修课程： 管理学、管理经济学、市场营销、组织行为学等教材[1] 刘冀生.企业战略管理(第二版). 北京：清华大学出版社.2003.参考文献[2] H.明茨伯格等. 战略历程：纵览战略管理学派. 北京：机械工业出版社. 2001.[3] M.E.波特. 竞争战略. 北京：华夏出版社. 1997.[4] M.E.波特. 竞争优势. 北京：华夏出版社. 1997.[5] 格里·约翰逊、凯万·斯科尔斯：《战略管理》（双语教学版，第6版）.人民邮电出版社.2005[6] 项保华. 战略管理——艺术与实务. 华夏出版社. 2002.[7] A.A. Thompson, Jr. and A.J. Strickland III. 2000. Strategicmanagement: Concepts and cases. 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill.2002.[8] H. Mintzberg and J.B. Quinn : The Strategy Process :Concepts, contexts, cases, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996, 1998.[9] K.R. Andrews, The concept of corporate strategy, Irwin,Homewood, IL, 1987.5. 课程名称： 会计学教材及主要参考文献刘东明 张雁.企业会计学：管理者视角.中国人民大学出版社(MBA精品系列).2010周晓苏著. MBA专用教材•会计学.大连出版社.2008张启銮等编.MBA会计学.大连理工大学出版社.20066、课程名称： 信息系统与信息资源管理教 材：《管理信息系统（第7版）》, （美）劳东著，劳帼龄译， 中国人民大学出版社,2009。
管理经济学课程大纲
MBA辅助教学资料管理经济学M A N A G E R I A L E C O N O M I C S（MBA适用）《管理经济学》教学大纲（COURSE OUTLINE）课程编号（COURSE NUMBER）：课程名称（COURSE NAME）：管理经济学（MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS）学时学分（STUDYING HOURS AND SCORE）：32/2先修课程（ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE）：---------------------------------------------------------------------一、课程描述（COURSE DESCRIPTION）管理经济学是一门应用经济学。
它以微观经济学为理论基础，借助于决策科学的各种方法和工具，指导企业决策者高效率地配置稀缺资源，制定和实施能使企业目标得以实现的经营决策，更有效地管理与客户、供应商、竞争者和互补生产商的关系。
本课程介绍基本的微观经济学原理，包括边际分析、市场竞争力、定价策略和组织分析方面的原理。
二、课程教学目标（COURSE OBJECTIVE）竞争和企业价值最大化是管理经济学研究中始终围绕的两个主题。
管理经济学的教学服务于三个目标：1.运用经济学的方法思考和解决企业决策问题，为企业决策提供一个逻辑分析方法；2.使学员精通和掌握经济学中涉及协调和配置企业活动和资源的范畴、方法和分析工具，为思考和分析适用于更多企业具体活动和问题的管理决策提供一个有效的决策思维方法；3.使学生能够将所学的知识运用到企业战略性的决策分析中。
三、教学主要内容（CONTENTS）全部教学内容分为3个部分，重点分析管理经济学的策略研究：1.提供一个关于管理经济学的概览，描述管理经济学的性质，介绍主要的管理经济学概念和分析工具，阐述经济学分析对管理活动的价值；2.完全竞争市场的分析框架。
主要包括需求理论与分析、弹性分析、供给理论与分析、完全竞争市场以及市场有效性的分析；3、对市场力的分析。
管理经济学英文课件 (1)
+ C 1 Q + C 2 Q2 Q 20 15 19 Q2 400 225 361
R-square = .91 Adj R-square = .90 N = 35
Slide 3
PROBLEMS: 1. Write the cost regression as an equation. 2. Find the AC and MC functions.
• Ln TC = .03 + .35 Ln W + .65 Ln R + 1.21 Ln Q (.01) (.24) (.33) (.08)
R2 = .563
• parentheses contain standard errors
Slide 11
Discussion
• Cement plants are Constant Returns if the coefficient on Ln Q were 1 • 1.21 is more than 1, which appears to be Decreasing Returns to Scale. • TEST: t = (1.21 -1 ) /.08 = 2.65 • Small Sample, d.f. = 13 - 3 -1 = 9 • critical t = 2.262 • We reject constant returns to scale.
Slide 5
Estimating LR Cost Relationships
• Use a CROSS SECTION of firms
» SR costs usually uses a time series AC
管理经济学,英文版3Marginal Analysis for Optimal Decision Making幻灯片资料
3-14
Managerial Economics
highest net benefit
• If marginal cost > marginal benefit
• Activity should be decreased to reach
highest net benefit
• Optimal level of activity
• When no further increases in net benefit are possible
Level of activity
NB
Managerial Economics
Marginal Benefit & Marginal Cost
• Marginal benefit (MB)
• Change in total benefit (TB) caused by an incremental change in the level of the activity
3-2
Managerial Economics
Choice Variables
• Choice variables determine the value of the objective function
• Continuous variables
• Can choose from uninterrupted span of variables
MBA英语
MBA全国联考英语面试经典35题you please make a brief introduction about yourselfdid you take the MBA examination Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in Chinado you choose RENMIN University to study MBA Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding。
do the people around you review MBA“s the difference between MBA program at home and abroadyou failed this time what will you do in the near futuredo you want to be a part of MBA studentsdo you think you are qualified for MBA programyou have a career plan in 5 yearsyou have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student“s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experiencedo you define marketing or managementyou think English is quite important in MBA study Whyyou think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life Whydo you want to do after your MBA studyis the most important qualification that a MBA student should havea little about teamwork。
工商管理硕士（MBA）等课程中英文目录_教学英语词汇
工商管理硕士（mba）等课程中英文目录会计学专业（本科）会计学 accounting principles成本会计 cost accounting管理会计 managerial accounting审计学 auditing principles会计信息系统 accounting information systems投资学 investment principles财务管理 financial management货币银行学 money and banking财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement国际金融 international finance国际会计 international accounting财税法规与税务会计 laws and regulations of finance and taxes 预算会计 budget accounting内部审计与政府审计internal auditing and government auditing会计审计实务 accounting and auditing practice经济计量学 economic metrology会计职业道德与责任 accounting ethics and responsibilities会计研究方法 accounting research methods国际会计专题 international accounting special subject微观经济学 microeconomics微积分 calculus统计学 principle of statistics财务学专业（本科）货币银行学 money and banking证券投资学 security analysis and investment财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement国际金融 international finance保险学 insurance财务案例分析 case analysis of finance management 国际财务管理 international financial management 资产评估 assets appraisal项目评估 projects appraisal宏观经济学 macroeconomics财务管理 financial management管理信息系统 systems of management information 运筹学 operational research策略管理 strategic management管理会计 managerial accounting微观经济学 microeconomics管理学 principles of management微积分 calculus统计学 principles of statistics货币银行学专业（本科）货币银行学 money and banking管理信息系统 system of management information 宏观经济学 macroeconomics运筹学 operational research策略管理 strategic management保险学 insurance银行会计 bank accounting管理会计 managerial accounting运筹学 operational research国际贸易 international trade财务管理 financial management国际金融 international finance租赁与信托 hiring and affiancing证券投资学 security analysis and investment商业银行实务 practice of business bank国际结算 international balance项目评估 projects appraisal金融市场学 financial marketing人力资源管理 human resource management财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务案例分析 case analysis of financial management 市场营销学专业（本科）营销管理 marketing management公共关系 public relationship国际贸易 international trade消费者行为 consumer behavior管理信息系统 systems of management information 营销调研 marketing research推销学 sales strategies国际金融 international finance营销预测与规划 marketing forecasting and planning 销售渠道管理 sales channels management国际市场营销 international marketing商业谈判 business negotiation广告管理 advertising management营销案例分析 case studies of marketing国际贸易实务 practice of international trade服务业营销 service industry marketing企业伦理 enterprise ethics新产品开发 new products development管理学 principles of management企业管理专业（本科、硕士、博士）管理学 principles of management微观经济学 microeconomics宏观经济学 macroeconomics管理信息系统 systems of management information产业经济学 industrial economics财务管理 financial management项目评估 projects appraisal战略管理 strategic management管理沟通 management negotiation国际商务谈判 negotiation on business affairs跨国公司专题研究special research of transnational corporation国际贸易 international trade公司组织与管理 organization and management of corporate 国际营销研究 international marketing research战略管理 strategic management生产管理研究 operation management企业伦理 enterprise ethics组织行为学 organizational behavior运筹学 operational research人力资源管理 human resource management国民经济计划与管理专业（硕士、博士）宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis产业组织 industrial organization金融与证券市场研究 security market research财政与税收理论 theories on public finance and tax revenue 国际金融研究international finance research公司组织与管理 organization and management环境与资源经济学 economics of environment and resources 投资与金融理论 theories of investment and finance货币金融管理 money and finance management金融工程 finance project经济计量学 economics metrology统计学专业（硕士）统计学 principles of statistics多元统计分析 multivariable statistics应用统计学 applied statistics微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis应用计量学 applied metrology预测方法与预测技术 forecasting methods and skills国民经济核算 national economic accounting管理信息系统分析 systems of management informatio管理科学专业（硕士）微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis多元统计分析 multivariable statistics高级经济计量 advanced economic metrology管理信息系统分析 systems of management information预测方法与预测技术 forecasting methods and skills决策支持系统与专家系统 decision support systems and expert systems面向对象的程序设计 object oriented programming管理科学专题 management science special subject金融工程 finance project应用经济计量学 applied economic metrology工商管理硕士专业（mba）管理学 principles of management管理经济学 management economics营销管理与分析 marketing management and analysis生产与作业管理 production and operation management 财务管理与分析 financial management and analysis宏观经济学 macroeconomics人力资源管理 human resource management国际金融 international finance战略管理 strategic management管理沟通 management communication运筹学 operational research国际贸易 international trade国际财务管理 international finance营销决策与分析 marketing decision and analysis。
麦圭根《管理经济学》英文版PPT-McGuigan-14e-Chapter03
5
Chapter 3 – Demand Relationships
The Demand Schedule Defined (2 of 2)
• Demand schedules shift when one determinant of demand changes
• Example: the demand schedule for gas-guzzling SUVs in 1999 reflected low gasoline prices ($2.00/gal); Ford sold 428,000 Ford Explorers
1
PART II – DEMAND AND FORECASTING
© 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
© 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
麦圭根《管理经济学》英文版PPT-McGuigan-14e-Chapter04
9
Ch 4 – A Simple Linear Regression Model
• Here, analysis is limited to one independent and one dependent variable, where the form of the relationship between the two variables is linear:
6ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Ch 4 – Statistical Estimation of the Demand Function
Specification of the Model (3 of 5)
• Multiplicative Exponential Model • In the Sherwin-Williams example, this model would be:
Managerial Economics
Applications, Strategies and Tactics, 14e
James R. McGuigan R. Charles Moyer Frederick H. deB. Harris
© 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
管理经济学,英文版 Chapter_1
ninth edition
Thomas Maurice
Chapter 1
Managers, Profits, and Markets
McGraw-Hill/Irwin McGraw-Hill/Irwin Managerial Economics, 9e Managerial Economics, 9e
1-14
Managerial Economics
Perfect Competition
• Large number of relatively small firms • Undifferentiated product • No barriers to entry
1-15
Managerial Economics
Maximizing the Value of a Firm
• Maximize firm’s value by maximizing profit in each time period
• Cost & revenue conditions must be independent across time periods
• Accounting profit does not subtract implicit costs from total revenue • Firm owners must cover all costs of all resources used by the firm
• Objective is to maximize economic profit
• Owned by others & hired, rented, or leased
管理经济学(英文)Ch07 Market Structure Perfect Competition
by Paul Farnham
Chapter 7 Market Structure: Perfect Competition
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
7.1
Perfect Competition
Characterized by
• A large number of firms in the
© 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc.
7.5
Marginal Revenue
Price equals marginal revenue for
a perfectly competitive firm because the firm does not have to lower the price to sell more units of output The profit-maximizing level of output occurs where marginal revenue equals marginal cost because any other level of output will result in smaller profit
The supply curve shows the
output produced by all perfectly competitive firms in the industry at different prices
The curve will be flatter than the
7.7
The Shutdown Point
The shutdown point for perfectly
麦圭根《管理经济学》英文版PPT-McGuigan-14e-Chapter01- REV COMPA
1
PART I – INTRODUCTION
© 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
assumptions (sensitivity analysis) • Implement the decision
© 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for clar 1 – Introductions and Goals of the Firm
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个量与总量分析法
Macroeconomics — Total approach. Studies economic aggregates ( total national product, total employment, inflation, money supply, etc. )
Connection and differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics
Value judgments, or goals, of public policy.
四. Tools of Analysis
Literary Economics
Mathematical Economics Graphs – Pictures at Exhibition
Demand Individual Demand and Market Demand Arc Elasticity and Point Elasticity Price Elasticity of Demand Income Elasticity of Demand Cross Elasticity of Demand
实证与规范分析法
Positive Economics vs Normative Economics
Positive Economics — What is The analysis of facts and data, “the way
things are” Normative Economics — y of how producers and consumers use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different groups.
Core of Economics
一. Individual Demand and Market Demand
Microeconomics
Microeconomics analyzes the behavior of individual components like industries, firms, and households.
Individual Components
Individual consumers Firms Owner of factors
What
How to choose?
How
For whom
二. ME and Microeconomics
Managerial Economics： Economics ＋ Decision Making ＋ Statistics
管理经济学为工商管理的其他课程 提供了基本的思维方法和分析工具。
Most content of ME come from Microeconomics
The whole is not always the sum of the parts —
The fallacy of composition
静态与动态分析法
Static approach — “Other things are held equal” ceteris paribus
Dynamic approach — Affected by other factors Such as income, the prices of other
commodities, taste, prediction, the change of factors etc.
定性与定量分析法
Qualitative approach －The nature of the matter.
Quantitative approach －Statistical data.
三. Basic Research Approach of ME
Four Types：
▪ Individual vs total approach ▪ Static vs dynamic approach ▪ Qualitative vs quantitative approach ▪ Positive vs normative approach
Limited goods Unlimited wants
The Law of Scarcity
Goods are scarce because there are not enough resources to produce all the goods that people want to consume.
There are no priority and relative importance between microeconomics and macroeconomics
The aggregate of microeconomics is not equal to the macroeconomics
Liu Houjun
April, 2004
Introduction
Core Problems to Deal With Object Basic Research Approach Tools
一. Core Problems for ME to Dear With
Core Problems of Economics
个量与总量分析法
Microeconomics — Individual approach. Analysis dealing with the behavior of individual elements in an economy, such as the determination of the price of a single product or the behavior of a single consumer or business firm