电气工程及其自动化专业英语专业英语-句子翻译

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电气工程及其自动化专业英语第三章课文翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语第三章课文翻译

Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components in power electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutions of the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing. 在电力电子系统,中半导体开关是非常重要和关键部件。

半导体开关将要替换机械开关,但半导体材料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。

Switching losses开关损耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses. 电力电子转换器的功率损耗分为开关损耗和寄生损耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses of capacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses. 寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电损耗的电容器,涡流和磁滞损耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed. 这个开关损耗是非常重要的,可以被处理。

they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states. 他们可以分为三个部分: 通态损耗,断态损耗和转换过程中产生的损耗。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

Research on Smart Grid in China Jingjing Lu, Da Xie,Member, IEEEand Qian Ai,Member, IEEEAbstract--The Smart Grid is the latest direction for the futurepower system development. In this paper, firstly the backgroundof Smart Grid, its meaning, as well as the concept and structurewere presented. Typical diagram of Smart Grid was illustrated.Then, the current development of Smart Grid in United States and Europe were described, development ideas and the future trends in these countries were summarized and compared as well.Besides, the driving force of Smart Grid in China was analyzed,with detailed introduction of current related projects in China. The relation between the UHV Power Grid and the Smart Grid was discussed. Finally, the potential role of Smart Grid in future power grids in China was prospected and a new direction for China’s Smart Grid development was charted.Index Terms—Smart Grid, UHV power grid, planning,operation, managementI. INTRODUCTIONWith the promotion of world economy modernization, theprice of oil has been kept on a upward trend. What is also noticeable is the shortage of energy supply around the world, the increasing pressures on resources and environment pressure, and the enormous power losses in energy delivery due to the low efficiency of the current power grid. What’s more, owing to the growing electricity demands and the users’increasing requirements for reliability and quality, the power industry is now facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Therefore, a new sort of power system of environment friendly, economic, high performance, low investment, safety, reliability and flexibility has been a goal of engineers in power industry.Still, the emergence of advanced meter infrastructure and more extensive usage of the Internet accelerate the process [1]. Since 1990's, with the increasing use of distributed generation power, more demands and requirements have been proposed for power grid intensity [2], [3]. To find out a optimal solution for these problems, power companies should accept the idea of new technology adoption, potential mining of the existing power system and improvement of its application and utilization. Consensus has been reached by experts and scholars from different countries that future power gird must be able to meet various requirements of energy generating and the demands of highly market-oriented power transaction so that the needs of the self-selection from customers can be satisfied individually. All of these will become the future development direction of Smart Grid.This paper focuses on the status of the development of the Smart Grid, analyzing the driving force of the Smart Grid and introducing the current demonstration projects in China. It also discusses the relation between UHV power grid and Smart Grid, and then prospect the significance of Smart Grid in the future. A new direction for Chinese Smart Grid development is charted as well, which might be the reference for the development of Smart Grid in China.II. CONCEPT OF SMART GRIDSmart Grid is a gradual development process accompanied with the technology innovation, demands of energy saving and managements needs. People will have their own understanding for Smart Grid, no matter if they are facility suppliers, IT companies, consulting firms, public power companies or power generation companies. From the earlier smart intelligence metering toelectrical intelligence, from transmission and distribution automation to a whole intelligent process, the concept of smart power grid has been enriched substantially [4]. In 2006, US IBM presented a "Smart Grid" solution. This is a relatively complete concept for current Smart Grid which indicates its official birth [5].As shown in Fig.1, a Smart Grid is basically overlaying the physical power system with an information system which links a variety of equipments and assets together with sensors to form a customer service platform. It allows the utility and consumers to constantly monitor and adjust electricity use. The management of operation will be more intelligent and scientific based on the dynamic analysis of needs both from user-side and demand side which can increase capital investment efficiency due to tighter design limits and optimized use of grid assets.In comparison with traditional grid, Smart Grid includes integrated communication systems, advanced Sensing,metering, measurement infrastructure, complete decision support and human interfaces.III. CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIESA. Comparison of researches in Smart Grid area between European and the United statesIn the United States, there were several large power outages in recent years. Because of which, electric power industry pays closer attention to power quality and reliability;customers draw out more requests for electricity supply. The ever-increasing demands of national security and environmental protection policy of the United States leads to the establishment of a higher standard for power grid construction and management [6]. At the same time, in recent years’researches of basic materials, power and information technologies, breakthroughs have been achieved for implementation target which shows the significant improvement of reliability, efficiency in power network. Such as the emergence of superconducting cables, it assures Obama’s new government of United States has seen the daylights of the Smart Grid.Similarly, the European power users also raise higher requirements for electricity supply & power quality [7].Because of the extreme attention for environmental protection,compared with the construction of power grid in US,Europeans have more concerns about the construction of renewable energy access, the impact on wildlife, as well as the actively research on real-time monitoring and remotecontrolling.All is about to realize the "Plug & Play use" idea,ensuring a more friendly, flexible access and interaction with the user. In both Europe and United States, the most common direction for grid development is to seek new and renewable sources for energy generation. However, Smart Grid is not a fixed, static project, according to their particular status and main problems, all countries need to simplify the Smart Grid and make it adjusted to fit their own features.B. Driving force of the Smart Grid in ChinaThe drivers for Smart Grid construction can be concluded into market, circumstances, safety and power quality. Chinese power industry is also facing the similar situation as in Europe and the United States.At Market-oriented reforms level, the national network and unified national electricity market has not completely formed.In national wide, power exchanges are not effective; neither does the true meaning of the online bidding. From a long term view,China's transaction approaches of power markets and pricing structure is developing, market demand and supply sides will have more frequent interactions. In order to attract more users to join the market competition, power companies must improve their service, strengthen the interaction with users and provide more products for selection, so as to meet the demands of different types of users.At the macro policy level, the power industry needs to meet the requirements of resource-saving and environment-friendly society’s construction, adapt to climate change and suitable for sustainable development.Regarding the Chinese power grid itself, a strong backbone network has not been built yet, and it is still not strong enough to withstand multiple faults circumstances. The regional power grid backbone is also in a lower stability level, which results in a limited flexibility for system operation, etc. The snow storm weather in early 2008 which led to a blackout in major area of China vividly exposed the weakness of the current Chinese grid in safeguard of electricity supply aspect.Moreover, the lack of intelligent power distribution leads to a regional, seasonal shortage of electricity and coexistent in some areas with both surplus & shortages of electricity.There still remain challenges that how to improve the efficiency of power investment and construction, how to ensure the security and reliability of power grid’s operation, to ensure power quality; how to improve the maintenance of power system; how to enhance the service quality to users, as well as how to improve the power grid management in China.For these issues, Smart Grid would be an ideal solution.C. Current research activities in ChinaIn the year of 2006, IBM published the guideline named ‘Establishing Smart Power Grid and Innovating Management Methods –A New Thought of the Development of Electric in China’. Directed at the current opportunities and challenges of the power grid companies in China, the guideline suggests improving the efficiency of electrical investments and construction, the stability of power grid, and the companies’service and management level through the construction of smart power grid and the innovation of management methods.Meanwhile, IBM proposed that it can provide a whole scheme - Solution Architecture for Energy (SAFT) for the power companies in China to use the smart power grid effectively. SAFT contains several parts: first is to improve the digital level by connecting the equipments with sensors;Second is to establish the data collecting and integrating system; Third is to analyze: SAFT optimize the operating progress and management based on the analyzing of the data[5]. This is the bud of smart power grid in Chin.In October 2007, East China Power Grid Company embarked on the research area of the feasibility of smart power grid. The research project was not only correlated with the progress of those advanced companies and research facilities abroad, but also take the current situation and future needs of east china power grid into consideration. The result came out as, based on the high equipment level and strong technological innovation ability, the construction of smart power grid is feasible in east china power grid. East China Power Grid Company would follow the belief that‘Concerning the future and change fast with needs, and providing high quality service’, when building smart power grid. There is a three step strategy with an advanced power grid distributing center built by 2010, the construction of digital power grid with primary intelligence completed by 2020, and a smart power grid with the ability of self-healing built by 2030 [8]. The construction plan is still under consideration.On Feb. 28, 2009, as a part of the smart power grid of East China Power Grid Company, the three-state security defense and power generation monitoring system passed the acceptance check in Beijing, which stands for stable-state,transient-state and dynamic-state. The system integrated three single systems altogether for the first time, which includes power management system, power grid dynamic wan monitor system and online stability analysis and warning system. The operator has full access to the whole view of the power grid operating situation and the decision-making assistance without switching in systems or platforms. Besides, the system can effectively improve the management standardization and the level of flow of the related power plants through establishing the management checking platform and the assistance marketservice quality analyzing platform.The development of smart power grid research in China is slow and far behind the west. So far, only East China Power Grid Company and North China Power Grid Company have carried out researches about the developing and implementation plan. It is a tradition for China to emphasize technology development, and in fact, the equipments in China are more advanced than those in developed countries. Thus,smart power grid has a bright prospect in China.IV. PROSPECTS OF SMART GRID IN CHINAIn order to solve the problems of imbalance distribution for generation resources and power loads, the transmission capacity should be enhanced by building long-distance and large-capacity power transmission systems. And unity or united UHV power grids should be constructed under coordinated plan. The transmission of power on a large scale from west and north China to middle and east China can reduce the pressure of energy in the east China and the pressure of transmission and environmental protection.Furthermore, this can expedite the conversion from resource advantage to economy advantage and realize the coordinated development of nation economy. Chinese politics system,economic environment and management system also promotes UHV power grids in its development. At present, China is studying the future large power grids technology and has the ability to construct the national united power grids. On Jan, 16,2009, the first UHV power line in China was finished and put into operation.Unity or united UHV power grid, distributed power generating or scattered interactive power supplying grid are the trends of development. China, as the delegate in unity or united UHV power grid development trend, is different from any western countries. In China, is it in contradiction to develop both UHV power grid and Smart Grid? Though the large power grid with linkage effect has the advantage of optimizing the resources, it has the potential risk of power outage in large area. The ability to control the large power grid and maintain its stability is required by the fast development of power grid. And the smart power gird with self-healing and high reliability matches such requirements.Thus, smart power grid is the direction of China power grid development while building UHV power grid and the grid of different level, as well as improving the operating and management level of the grid.According to the precondition and the background of UHV power grid development in current China, the aspects which should be paid more attention on are as follows:Smart Planning: The power grid should become selfhealing and smart. The ability of power grid planning optimization should be enhanced. So should be the ability of receive-side power grid planning, on the premise of the UHV AC/ DC feed-in and differentvoltage level coordinated development. The most important thing is to change the concepts and methods of power planning, and to make the traditional power development concept such like regarding building new power stations as a wide-ranging concept of resources distribution.Smart Operation: The dispatching pattern is developing towards a coordinated control direction, aiming at the enhancement of control and mastering of large power grid. The future Smart Grid should be coordinated with a matching control center equipped with more advanced power system management ability, for the purpose of improving the functions and performance of existing EMS, MOS, WAMMAP system in an integral manner, at the same time to track down the correlations between different power grid monitoring and controlling indexes,and to construct a logic structure based power system monitoring and controlling index system. Through the gradual process of implementation of dynamic security monitoring, power system pre-alarm processing and precontrol,much more accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the operation state of the power system can be obtained, based on which, the most effective and timely measures and actions can be taken to fulfill the power system control and dispatching strategy, finally to improve the safeguard of the whole power system’s stability and security.Smart Management: The management pattern of power system is undergoing an evolution from vertical mode to distributed mode, from function management to process management, from grid construction to both construction and operation modes.V. CONCLUSIONSmart Grid is a hot spot in today's electric power system,also regarded as one of the vanes in 21st century for the major scientific and technological innovation and development in power system. Many countries in the world are involved in this big trend, and have set up a lot of Smart Grid demonstration projects and test platforms. Also, the theoretical and experimental research in Smart Grid has made some achievements. The international exchanges have greatly promoted the development of Smart Grid. Because of China's electricity distribution and extremely uneven distribution of electricity load, it is the right time to develop special highvoltage power grid. As the development of Smart Grid is still at the very beginning stage of our country, how to combine the special high-voltage power grids with intelligent power grid is the main problem confronted. The direction to development and the characteristics of smart power grids in China are still open for our experts and scholars for further study.对中国智能电网的研究摘要-智能电网是电力系统的未来发展的新方向。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语专业英语-句子翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语专业英语-句子翻译


2017/3/10
10
直译

Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, radiation and atomic structure. 物理学研究力、运动、热、光、声音、电、磁、 辐射和原子结构。

分译


2017/3/10
14
合译

There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
2017/3/10
15
分译

A brief summary of the gas generation schemes facilitates the DR process descriptions. 为了更清楚地阐释直接还原工艺过程,我们对气 体产生的工艺流程进行了简单介绍。
2017/3/10
8
翻译的基本方法


直译与意译 合译与分译 增译与省译 顺译与倒译
2017/3/10
9
直译与意译

直译
按照原文,忠实地保留原文的词义、语法、语 气和风格的翻译方法。 意译 打破原文的用词、语法结构和语气风格,使译 文既符合所译文种的表达方式和习惯,又能准 确表达原文意思。意译方法的目的在于转达原 文的核心思想与全部内容。

专业英语的翻译标准


2017/3/102Fra bibliotek专业英语的翻译标准(续)


忠实
忠实于原作品的内容。必须把原作品完整而准确 地表达出来,不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏和增 删,特别是其中的专业术语、概念、逻辑关系等。 同时要兼顾原作品的专业语言、文体和风格。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译(精选多篇)

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译(精选多篇)

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译(精选多篇)第一篇:电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译Electric Power Systems.The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before.It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world.Electric power systems(or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world.The first complete electric power system(comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads)was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882.This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius.The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system..Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world.With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems.This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the largest industries in the world.In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems.By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent.They could deliver power only a short distance from generators.To keep transmission power losses(I 2 R)and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission.Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power;therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformationbecame a necessity.The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L.Gaulard and JD Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems.In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland.It was a single-phase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km.With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive.By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems.Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on DC or AC.By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons:(1)Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thusproviding the flexibility for use of different voltages for generation, transmission, and consumption.(2)AC generators are much simpler than DC generators.(3)AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors.The first three-phase line in North America went into operation in 1893——a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern California.In the early period of AC power transmission, frequency was not standardized.This poses a problem for interconnection.Eventually 60 Hz was adopted as standard in North America, although 50 Hz was used in many other countries.The increasing need for transmitting large amounts of power over longer distance created an incentive to use progressively high voltage levels.To avoid the proliferation of anunlimited number of voltages, the industry has standardized voltage levels.In USA, the standards are 115, 138, 161, and 230 kV for the high voltage(HV)class, and 345, 500 and 765 kV for the extra-high voltage(EHV)class.In China, the voltage levels in use are 10, 35, 110 for HV class, and 220, 330(only in Northwest China)and500 kVforEHVclass.Thefirst750kVtransmission line will be built in the near future in Northwest China.With the development of the AC/DC converting equipment, high voltage DC(HVDC)transmission systems have become more attractive and economical in special situations.The HVDC transmission can be used for transmission of large blocks of power over long distance, and providing an asynchronous link between systems where AC interconnection would be impractical because of system stability consideration or because nominal frequencies of the systems are different.The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency.Because electricity can not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be done simultaneously.A fault or misoperation in any stages of a power system may possibly result in interruption of electricity supply to the customers.Therefore, a normal continuous operation of the power system to provide a reliable power supply to the customers is of paramount importance.Power system stability may be broadly defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance..Instability in a power system may be manifested in many different ways depending on the system configurationand operating mode.Traditionally, the stability problem has been one of maintaining synchronous operation.Since power systems rely on synchronous machines for generation of electrical power, a necessary condition for satisfactory system operation is that all synchronous machines remain in synchronism or, colloquially “in step”.This asp ect of stability is influenced by the dynamics of generator rotor angles and power-angle relationships, and then referred to “ rotor angle stability ”译文:电力系统现代社会比以往任何时候更多地依赖于电力供应。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

One operating system might be better suited to some computing tasks than others.To provide clues to their strengths and weaknesses,operating systems are informally categorized and characterized using one or more of the following terms:(1) A single-user operating system expects to deal with oneset of input devices -those that can be controlled by one user at a time.Operating systems for handheld computers and many personal computers fit into the single-user category.(2)A multiuser operating system is derigned to deal with input,output,and processing requests from many users-all atthe same time.One of its most difficult responsibilities is to schedule all of the processing requests that must be performed by a centralized computer-often a mainframe.(3)A network operating system(also referred to as a “server operating system”) provides communications and routing services that allow compoters to share data,programs,and peripheral devices.Novell Netware,for example,is almost always referred to as a network operating system。

电气工程及其自动化英语英译汉

电气工程及其自动化英语英译汉

1```In the generator mode ,it,s operating speed isslightly higger than it,s synchronous speed and ie needs magnetizing revctive pover form the symtem that it is connected to in order to suuply pover .在发电方式下他的工作速度比同步转速稍高些,并了解供电力,他需要他所连接的系统吸收磁化无功功率。

2```in the barking mode of operyetion ,a three –phase indection motor running at a steady –speedcan be brought to a quick stop by interchanging two of stator leads感应电机运行电动状态时,其转速低于同步转速,运行在发电状态时,其转速高于同步转速,这就需要从与之间相连的系统电源提供励磁的无功功率。

3```obviously ,dc machine applications are very significant,but the advantages of the dc machinemmust be weighed against its greatr initial investment cost and the maintenance problems associated with its brush-commutator system..同步是指状态运行时点击以恒定的转速和频率运行。

4```with a cylindyical rotor the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field is independent of itsactual diretion and relative to the direct axis.圆柱形转子的磁场磁路的磁阻与直轴有关,而与磁场的实际方向无关。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语课后翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语课后翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语课后翻译The pony was revised in January 2021——电流之比才是恒定的,并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。

我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。

只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。

而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它,非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。

如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源,求出具体变量值(电流或电压)的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。

另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。

而这种方法被称为叠加法。

叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压(或流过元件的电流)等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压(或流过元件的电流)的代数和。

相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗,符号为字母Z ,阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。

阻抗不是一个相量,因此不能通过把它乘以 并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。

但是,我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L 表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jwL 表现为频域形式,电容在时域里为电容量C 而在频域里为 ,阻抗是某种程度上的频域变量而非时域变量。

无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。

星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输,此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。

这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的 倍,于是,对于相同的功率来说,三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的 倍。

三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。

这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。

三相电33源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。

在某些应用场合,无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。

模拟电子电路是关于其中电压和电流是对物理量进行模拟的且连续变化那些系统。

复制音乐的电子电路必须具有与声音成正比的电压和电流。

一个高保真的放大系统要尽可能保持模拟量不失真,我们要仔细地设计模拟电子电路以使电压和电流反映输入信号。

电气专业实用专业英语(英汉对照)

电气专业实用专业英语(英汉对照)

一.电气名词Electric items二.线路(母线、回路)Lines (Bus, circuits)三.设备Equipments四.保护、继电器Protection , relays五.电气仪表Electric instruments六.防雷Lightning protection七.接地Grounding, earthing八.室、所Room , Substation九.电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair十.材料Material十一.图名Drawings, diagrams十二.表头Tables十三.标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG一.电气名词Electric items交(直)流Alternating (direct) current短路电流Short-circuit current起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current临界电流Critical current切断电流Rupturing current熔断电流Blow-out current故障电流Fault current计算电流Calculating current极限有限电流Limit effective current过电流Over current逆电流Inverse current整定电流Setting current额定电流Rated current电流密度Current density短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension低压Low-voltage , Low-tension计算电压Calculating voltage激磁电压Exciting voltage冲击电压Impulse voltage临界电压Critical voltage残留电压Residual voltage击穿电压Puncture voltage脉动电压Pulsating voltage供电电压Supply voltage电力电压Power voltage照明电压Lighting voltage灯丝电压Filament voltage额定电压Rated voltage电压损失V oltage loss过(欠)电压Over (under) voltage线路电压Line voltage电压降V oltage drop工作电压Working voltage一次电压Primary voltage二次电压Secondary voltage电源Electric source (power supply)自控电压Power supply for process control6kV控制闪光电源Flashing supply for 6kV control 工作电源Working power supply (electric source) 保安电源Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源Stabilized D.C. source控制电源Control supply直流电源D.C. source交流电源A.C. source负荷计算Load calculation设备容量Installed capacity需要容量Electric demand功率因数Power factor安装高度Mounting height耐电压Breakdown voltage工频耐压High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络Surface flash-over直流泄漏D.C. leakage体电阻率V olume resistivity介质损失角Dielectric loss angle击穿强度Puncture intensity电压等级V oltage grade比重Specific gravity性能Feature相序Phase sequence瞬时Instantaneous倾角Angle of inclination跨度Span正极Positive pole负极Negative pole截面(积) Cross section area辅助电源Auxiliary source遮断容量Interrupting capacity载流量Current-carrying capacity校正系数Correction factor连续负荷Continuous load长期载流量Continuous capacity长时间额定值Longtime rating电动机堵转电流Locked-rotor motor current限定负荷Limited load电感负荷Inductive load感应电流Induced current二.线路(母线、回路)Lines (Bus , circuits)母线Bus-bar合闸电源母线Closing power source bus闪光母线Flashing-bus备用母线Spare bus装在支柱上的插接式母线Post-supported plug-in bus way装在吊钩上的插接式母线Hook-supported plug-in bus way 装在支架上的插接式母线Bracket-supported plug-in bus way 小母线Miniature bus电源小母线Power supply miniature bus操作小母线Operating miniature bus事故信号小母线Miniature bus for fault signal闪光小母线Flashing miniature bus主母线Main bus直流主母线D.C. main bus预告母线Prewarning bus干线Main line照明干线Lighting main line接地干线Grounding main line插座干线Receptacle main line电压干线V oltage main line端子出线Terminal outgoing中性线Neutral支线Branch-line引入线Lead-in电气线路Electric circuit交流配电线路A.C. distribution circuit直流配电线路D.C. distribution circuit事故照明线路Emergency lighting circuit控制线路Control circuit接地或接零线路Grounding or neutralizing circuit信号线路Signal circuit有接地极的接地线路网Grounding with grounding electrodes定子绕组测温回路Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding 接地信号回路Grounding signal circuit闪光信号回路Flashing-signal circuit开阀回路Circuit for opening valve关(闭)阀回路Circuit for closing valve开度计回路Circuit for opening meter电流测量回路Current-measuring circuit差动保护回路Differental protective circuit过流保护回路Over-current protective circuit合闸回路Closing circuit停车延时回路Delayed shutdown circuit掉闸回路Trip circuit激磁回路Exciting circuit备用回路Spare circuit主回路Main circuit馈路Feeder circuit现有回路Existing circuit单线回路Single-wire circuit接地回路Earthed circuit有电压的电路Live circuit三.设备Equipments高压开关柜H.V. switchgear动力配电箱Power distribution cabinet电源配电箱Source distribution cabinet直流配电屏D.C. switchboard (distribution panel)交流低压配电屏A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel)静电电容器柜Static capacitor cabinet多种电源插销箱Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies控制箱Control cabinet照明配电箱Lighting (distribution panel)连接箱Junction box出线盒Outlet box开关箱Switch box控制台Console分段屏Sectionalizing panel进线屏Incoming line panel电控箱Electric control panel边屏Side board端子箱Terminal box供电盘Power supply box瓶车箱Synchronizing cabinet感应调压器专用变压器高压柜Special transformer H.V. cabinet for induction voltage regulator电压互感器柜Potential transformer cabinet信号屏Signal panel浮充屏Floating panel蓄电池屏Battery panel充电屏Charging panel母线联络柜Bus tie cabinet转换开关Transfer switch电压表转换开关V oltmeter change-over switch铁壳开关Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch)管式熔断器Cartridge fuse真空断路器Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.)自动开关Automatic switch高压负荷开关H.V. load break switch三极高压断路器3-pole HV circuit-breaker刀开关Knife switch转换开关Transfer switch双极铁壳开关2-pole iron-clad switch风扇变速开关Fan speed regulator switch密闭照明灯开关Hermetic lighting switch防爆照明灯开关Explosion-proof lighting switch行程开关Limit switch高压隔离开关H.V. disconnecting switch明装单极板钮开关Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch 暗装单极板钮开关Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch 三路开关Three-way switch气密式组合开关Hermetic packet type switch防护式开关Guard type switch联锁开关Interlock switch操作方式选择开关Selecting switch for types of operation控制电源开关Switch for control supply主令开关Master switch (controller)多切点切换开关Multi-point change-over switch按钮Push-button控制按钮Control push-button防爆控制按钮Explosion-proof control push-button事故紧急按钮Emergency stopping push-button起动按钮Starting push-button停止按钮Stopping push-button现场按钮Push-button in field挡板damper音响解除按钮Push-button for sound release起动器Starter磁力起动器Magnetic starter综合起动器Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination) 电力变压器Power transformer调压变压器V oltage regulating transformer电压互感器Potential transformer电流互感器Current transformer照明变压器Lighting transformer三相三绕组变压器3-phase tertiary winding transformer高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer局部照明变压器Local lighting transformer多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement降压变压器Step-down transformer伺服电动机Servo-motor双电压电动机Dual-voltage motor感应电动机Induction motor交流异步电动机A.C. asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相滑环感应电动机3-phase slip-ring induction motor三相鼠笼感应电动机3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor绕线式电动机Wound-rotor induction motor反应式电动机Reaction motor柴油发电机Diesel generator励磁发电机Excitation generator明装双极插座Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle暗装双极插座Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle双极带接地插座2-pole receptacle with grounding contact单相三孔明插座Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle防护式明装三相四孔插座Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle 配照型灯Standard dome lighting fitting搪瓷深照型灯Enameled high bay lighting fitting防水防尘灯Water and dust proof lighting fitting安全灯Safety lighting fitting隔爆灯Explosion-proof lighting fitting弯灯Goose-neck light壁灯Wall light高压水银灯High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting 投光灯Flood-light (projection light)信号灯Signal lamp天棚灯Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting局部照明灯Local lighting fitting灯座Lamp holder事故照明灯Emergency lighting fitting高压水银荧光灯H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting 广照型工厂灯Wide lit type industrial fitting深照型灯具High bay lighting fitting白炽灯具Incandescent lamp (bulb)圆球型灯Globe lamp嵌入式荧光灯flush type fluorescent lighting fitting红色障碍灯Red obstruction lamp for aviation厂区道路照明灯Street lighting in plant area路灯Street lamp视孔灯Inspection hole lamp立杆弯灯goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp 模拟报警信号Semigraph and alarm signal 自整角机Selsyn励磁机Exciter显示器Display电位器Potentiometer内电阻Internal resistance固定电阻(器)Fixed resistance脱扣Release , trip分励Shunt trip特殊失压脱扣器Special no-voltage release “或”开关放大器“Or” switch amplifier制动器Brake电容Capacitor整流器Rectifier镇流器Chock分流器Shunt油变阻器Oil immersed rheostat频敏电阻器Frequency sensitive rheostat 滑线变阻器Sliding rheostat蜂鸣器Buzzer电机加热器Space heater (for motor)空气断路器电机操作机构Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker 可控硅励磁装置Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device保护装置Protective device (element)闪光装置Flashing device接闪装置(避雷器)Lightning arrester断相保护Phase failure protection四.保护、继电器Protection , relays信号继电器Signal relay过电流继电器Over-current relay电压继电器V oltage relay时间继电器Time relay中间继电器Auxiliary relay热继电器Thermal relay温度继电器Temperature relay瓦斯继电器Gas relay控制电源中间继电器Auxiliary relay for control supply自动操作继电器Relay for auto-operation低电压继电器Under-voltage relay过电压继电器Over-voltage relay联锁继电器Interlock relay冲击继电器Impact relay合闸位置继电器Close position relay逆流继电器Reverse-current relay差流继电器Differential current relay差动继电器Differential relay电流继电器Current relay功率继电器Power relay接地继电器Earthing relay重合闸继电器Reclosing relay同步继电器Synchronous relay速动继电器Quick acting relay定时限继电器Definite time relay光电继电器Photoelectric relay电子继电器Electronic relay电磁式继电器Electromagnetic relay电动式继电器Electrodynamic relay气压继电器Gas-pressure relay继电器常开触点Relay N.O. contact继电器常闭触点Relay N.C. contact继电器保护触点(常开)Relay holding contact (N.O.)能自动返回的常闭按钮触点Self-return button with N.C. contact 模拟信号触点Contact for semigraph signal强励磁接点Shock excitation contact电感线圈Induction coil电流线圈Current coil脱扣线圈Trip coil合闸线圈Close coil释放线圈Releasing coil掉闸线圈Tripping coil予告信号Prewarning signal掉闸回路断线信号Breakage signal of trip circuit断路器事故掉闸信号Fault trip signal of breaker掉闸音响信号Tripping audible signal重瓦斯预告信号Heavy gas prewarning signal温度预告信号Temperature prewarning signal手动、自动操作时事故信号Fault signal in manual/automatic operation 保护掉闸Protective trip控制掉闸Control trip手动跳闸Manual trip变电所紧急停车Emergency shutdown at substation工艺故障Fault in process励磁故障Fault in excitation工作电源失电报警No-voltage alarm of working electric source工作电源分合闸On and off of working electric source工作电源投入Throw-in of working electric source保安电源送电supply of emergency electric source运转指示Indicating of operation投入指示Indicating of throw-in同步指示Indicating of synchronism延时停车Delayed shutdown电源切除Switch off the power supply速断及过流断通Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on自保持Self-holding自锁Self-lock联锁Interlocking绝缘监视Insulation supervision电压监视V oltage supervision联锁解除Release of interlock工作、保安电源切换Transfer of working and emergency power supply发电机与工作母线并车Synchronization of generator to working bus重瓦斯保护Heavy gas protection开或闭超扭矩保护Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve 电机起动顺序Sequence of motor starting铭牌框注字Name plate denotation (inscription)五.电气仪表Electric instruments电流表Ammeter电压表V oltmeter三相三线有功电度表Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter单相电度表Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter三相无功电度表Three-phase kilovar-hour meter有功功率表Active power meter , kilowatt meter无功功率表Reactive power meter , kilovar meter三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter功率因数表Power factor meter频率表Frequency meter验电流器Galvanoscope欧姆表Ohmmeter相位表Phase meter转速表Tachometer波长表Wave-length meter三相四线制标准电度表3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter 过载电流表Overload ammeter低功率因数瓦特表Low power-factor wattmeter交直流两用钳型电流表A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester兆欧表Megger , Megohmmeter万用表Avometer微安表Microammeter毫安表Milliammeter各种测量仪表Various kind of measuring instruments接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester真空管电压表Vacuum tube voltmeter电动秒表Electric second-meter六.防雷Lightning protection避雷装置Lightning protector避雷针Lightning rod避雷带Strap type lightning protector避雷网Network of lightning protector避雷针支架Lightning rod support避雷针尖Tip of lightning rod避雷针拉铁Brace for lightning rod避雷器Lightning arrester , surge discharger 球型避雷器Spherical arrester管形避雷器Tubular arrester阀形避雷器Auto-valve arrester低压避雷器Low voltage arrester角形避雷器Horn arrester多隙避雷器Multigap arrester铝避雷器Aluminum cell arrester氧化膜避雷器Oxide film arrester击穿保险器Puncture lightning arrester雷击Lightning stroke直接雷击Direct lightning stroke感应雷击Induction lightning stroke雷电日Thunderbolt days雷电或然率Lightning and thunder probability 触电Electric shock静电感应Electrostatic induction七.接地Grounding , earthing接地保护Ground protection , earth protection 防雷接地Grounding for lightning保护接地Protective earthing人工接地Artificial grounding工作接地Working grounding , working earthing 重复接地Multiple earthing屏蔽接地Screen earthing , shielding ground中性点接地Neutral point grounded接地系统Grounding system , earthing system 接地故障Ground fault , earth fault单相接地Single phase earthing母线接地Bus ground接地装置Grounding device , earthing device引下线Down-lead , down conductor引下线固定Clamping plate of support for fixing 支架夹板Down lead引下线固定支脚Support for fixing down lead接地线Ground connector接地干线Ground(ing) main , (bus)接地网Grounding network , earthing network接地极Earth electrode (pole)接地电阻Earth resistance接地电路Earth (ground) circuit连接条Connecting strip断接卡Connecting clamp八.室、所Room , Substation贮藏室Storage套间Compartment蓄电池室Battery room控制室Control room配电室Distribution room维修间Repair room变电所Substation高压配电室H.V. distribution room休息室Rest room九.电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair 砂轮机Emery wheel grinder台钻Bench drilling machine交流电焊机A.C. welding machine移动式空气压缩机Portable air compressor手电钻Electric hand drill单速手摇绕线机Single speed hand winding machine导线钳压器Wire jointing press-clamp油压千斤顶Hydraulic jack电吹尘器Electric dust cleaner存放柜Store chest高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer泄漏试验变压器Leakage testing set大电流发生器Strong current generator油浸自冷感应调压器Oil-immersed self-cooled induction voltage regulator 多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement 仪用电感互感器Instrumental voltage transformer单相自耦变压器Single-phase auto-transformer三相自耦变压器3-phase auto-transformer硅整流器Silicon rectifier仪表试验台Testing stand for instrument接触器,继电器试验台Relay and contactor testing stand慢扫描示波器Slow scanning oscillograph交流电子稳压器A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer携带式交流电桥Portable A.C. electric bridge接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester电缆故障探伤仪Cable fault detector直流单臂电桥D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge 十.材料Material绝缘包布Insulating tape填料Filler , packing绝缘膏Insulating compound电缆膏Cable compound防腐油Anti-corrosive oil沥青漆Bituminous varnish绝缘漆Insulating varnish瓷漆Enamel varnish有色金属Non-ferrous metal黑色金属ferrous metal白金属White metal云母Mica环氧树脂Epoxy resin聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl chloride , PVC蜡Wax滑石粉Talc powder电胶木Bakelite聚丙烯外壳Polyacrylic cover耐油橡胶管Oil-proof rubber tubes 接地铜线Grounding copper wire 垫圈Pad塑料绝缘线Plastics insulated wire 橡套电缆Rubber sheathed cable 中间接头Splice填充剂Filling agent绝缘电线Insulated wire移动软电缆Movable flexible cable 补偿导线Extension wire套管Bushing母线槽Busway悬索Cable suspension滑触线Trolley conductor镀锌煤气管Galvanized gas pipe 镀锌角钢Galvanized steel angle 镀锌扁钢Galvanized steel strap钢丝绳Steel wire rope电笛Siren电磁阀Electromagnetic valve连接片Connecting link切换片Transfering link端子排Terminal board半导体二极管Semiconductor diode开度计Opening meter逻辑元件Logical element接线盒Junction box仪表槽板Instrument trunking电缆吊架Cable hanger出线套Outgoing line sleeve十一.图名Drawings , diagrams电气图纸目录Contents of electric drawings电力系统图Electric power system diagram照明系统图Lighting system diagram电力平面布置图Electric power layout plan照明平面布置图Lighting layout plan单线图One line diagram控制箱面部布置图Surface arrangement of control box 背部接线图Back wiring (diagram)外部接线图External (outside) wiring diagram内部接线图Internal (inside) wiring diagram控制原理图Principle control diagram原理图Schematic diagram展开图Developed diagram电气标准图Electric standard drawing电气施工图Electric working drawing复用图Reproducibles (drawing)电缆联系图Cable hook-up diagram转换开关接点图Contact diagram of transfer switch箱侧视图Side view of box正视图Front view , facade背视图Back view剖面图Section参考图Reference drawing电缆敷设图Cable laying diagram箱内框架布置图Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet控制箱台面展开图Surface developed diagram of console出线端子示意图Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图Diagram of terminal connections电气管线表List of wire , cable and conduits设备材料表List of equipment and materials十二.表头Tables电力系统图Power system diagram引入线Lead in保护设备Protective device型号Type额定值Rating整定值Setting主启动设备回路Circuit to starting device导线型号、芯数、截面及管径Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit 线长Wire length管长Conduit length启动设备Starting device型号规格Type , specification保护元件Protective element计量装置Calculating device用电设备主回路Main circuit of electric equipment控制回路Control circuit控制装置Control device用电设备Electric equipment设备容量Consumer capacity生产设备Production equipment位号No. of location名称Name备注Remarks引入线Feed in配电箱Distribution cabinet型号及编号Type and No.开关型号Switch type保护装置Protective device回路编号Circuit No.相别Phase灯数Number of lamps插座数Number of receptacles电缆编号No. of line起点Starting终点Ending母线截面Section of bus零母线Neutral bus屏编号Panel No.型号及方案号Type and variant No.控制原理图号Principle control diagram工艺位号Process item No.十三.标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG电工系统图图形符号Graphic symbols for electric system交流电的相别A.C. phase sequence直流电的正负极D.C. positive and negative poles有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组Star-connected three phase windings with neutral outlet开口三角形连接的三相绕组3-phase winding with open delta connection互相连接的导线Cross connection of wires不连接的跨越导线Crossing wires not in contact with each other 可拆卸的电气连接Removable connection电缆终端头Pothead of cable or cable end自耦变压器Auto-transformer感应调压器Induction voltage regulator凸极同步电动机Salient pole synchronous motor带接换装置的蓄电池组Accumulator battery with tap-changers 空气断路器Air circuit-breaker保持触点Holding contact热元件Thermal element自动复位的操作开关Spring-return operating switch插接器Plug-in connector电喇叭Horn电炉Electric furnace分流器Shunt可控硅整流箱屏Silicon controlled rectifier box panel直流配电屏D.C. distributing panel磁力起动器组Magnetic starter group自动开关箱Automatic switch box行程开关Limit switch局部灯Local lighting fitting荧光灯列Series fluorescent lighting fitting防护式灯开关Protective switch导线引上Conductors turning up导线引下Conductors turning down导线由上引来Conductors turning from above导线由下引来Conductors turning from below电缆沟Cable trench调压器V oltage regulator隔离变压器Isolating transformer击穿保护器Puncturing safety device晶体管Transisorized diode地坪Grade level电缆与水管平行Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe 电缆与热力管道交叉敷设Cable running across heat pipeline 车道Drive way电缆穿管与管道交叉Cable protective pipe across a pipeline 双(单)侧支架电缆沟Trench with rack on both sides (one side) 室外地坪Outdoor grade跨接线Jumper金属软管Flexible metal tube过渡接头Adapter。

(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第二章课文翻译

(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第二章课文翻译

第二章第一篇To say that we live in an age of electronics is an understatement. From the omnipresent integrated circuit to the equally omnipresent digital computer, we encounter electronic devices and systems on a daily basis. In every aspect of our increasingly technological society— whether it is science, engineering, medicine, music, maintenance, or even espionage—the role of electronics is large, and it is growing.谈论关于我们生活在一个电子学时代的论调是一种空泛的论调。

从无处不在的集成电路到同样无处不在的数字计算机,我们在日常活动中总会遇到电子设备和电子系统。

在我们日益发展的科技社会的方方面面——无论是在科学、工程、医药、音乐、维修方面甚至是在谍报方面——电子学的作用是巨大的,而且还将不断增强。

In general, all of the tasks with which we shall be concerned can be classified as "signal-processing“tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term一般说来,我们将要涉及到的工作被归结为“信号——处理”工作,让我们来探究这个术语的含义吧。

A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions. The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore, we refer implicitly to voltages or currents. However, most of the concepts we discuss can be applied directly to systems with different information-carrying variables. Thus, the behavior of a mechanical system (in which force and velocity are the variables) or a hydraulic system (in which pressure and flow rate are the variables) can often be modeled or represented by an equivalent electrical system. An understanding of the behavior of electrical systems, therefore, provides a basis for understanding a much broader range of phenomena. 信号就是其与时间有关的量值或变化包含信息的任何物理变量。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

Semiconductor switches are very important and crucial components inpower electronic systems.these switches are meant to be the substitutionsof the mechanical switches,but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and process of manufacturing.在电力电子系统,中半导体开关是特别重要和重点零件。

半导体开关将要替代机械开关,但半导体资料的性质和生产过程严重限制了他们。

Switching losses开关消耗Power losses in the power eletronic converters are comprised of the Switching losses and parasitic losses.电力电子变换器的功率消耗分为开关消耗和寄生消耗the parasitic losses account for the losses due to the winding resistances of the inductors and transformers,the dielectric losses ofcapacitors,the eddy and the hysteresis losses.寄生损失的绕组电感器、变压器的阻力、介电消耗的电容器, 涡流和磁滞消耗the switching losses are significant and can be managed.这个开关消耗是特别重要的, 能够被办理。

they can be further divided into three components:(a)the on-state losses,(b)the off-state losses and the losses in the transition states.他们能够分为三个部分:通态消耗,断态消耗和转换过程中产生的消耗。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译

Home automation might not be just for geeks anymore if AT&T can live up to its promises.On Monday, AT&T announced“Digital Life,” the company’s plan to get into the home automation and security business. Users will be able to control their lighting, thermostats, window blinds and anything else that has an on-off switch using apps on any phone, tablet or com puter.(MORE:AT&T to Sell Home Automation and Security Services Nationwide)Although home automation has been available for years, it’s still not a mainstream product. For companies that offer complete installation, their pricing is often expensive, and you may have to get an in-home consultation before setting anything up or getting a quote. Other companies with cheaper service require users to set everything up on their own.AT&T hopes to pique customers’ interest with a simple set-up process and low prices. The company promises to rig an entire smart home without advance consultation, and though AT&T hasn’t announced pricing yet, Vince Ilardi,AT&T’s dire ctor of sales operations, said the cost will be competitive with what other companies charge for home security alone. (ADT charges about $40 per month, plus $400 and up for installation.)Here’s how it will work: An AT&T crew brings all the necessary gear to set up home automation. For plug-in devices, such as lamps or music players, the crew installs wireless control modules over the outlets. For built-in devices, such as ceiling lights or mechanical window blinds, AT&T can either install its own wall switches or place a module behind the existing switch. AT&T also installs its own thermostat. Everything communicates wirelessly through a control box, which connects to AT&T’s 3G network for security monitoring.Customers can then use apps to control their homes, and can also set up conditional events. For instance, the system can turn on all the lights in a home during a break in, or turn up the heat and start the coffee maker when the user turns on the bedroom lights in the morning. Compared to smart home apps from Verizon and Time Warner (our parent company), whose device controls work in isolation, AT&T’s method of grouping actions together seems more advanced.Of course, it’s easy to be optimistic about a service that at the moment only exists in theory. W ithout full price details, it’s hard to say how competitive AT&T will be, and the company’s moving slowly, with trials beginning in Atlanta and Dallas this summer. AT&T’s promise of hassle-free, inexpensive home automation is alluring, but it’ll be a while before we know if the company can pull it off.Read more: /2012/05/09/att-looking-to-simplify-home-automation -and-security/#ixzz1uNn8oLss/view/b0257767caaedd3383c4d3ac.html。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语 译文

电气工程及其自动化专业英语  译文

第1课译文 电网络电路或电网络是由电阻、电感和电容等器件以某种方式联接在一起所组成的。

如果电网络中不包含任何能源,比如电池和发电机,就叫做无源网络。

相反,如果存在一个或多个能源,则组合的系统(电网络)则称为有源网络。

当研究电网络的特性时,我们感兴趣的是电路中的电压和电流。

既然网络是由无源元件组成的,我们就必须首先来定义它们的电特性。

就电阻来说,其电压——电流关系由欧姆定律来决定。

欧姆定律指出,电阻两端的电压等于流过电阻的电流乘以该电阻的值。

从数学上看,这表示为iR u = (1-1)式中,u 表示电压,其单位为伏特(V);i 表示电流,其单位为安培(A);R 表示电阻,其单位为欧姆(Ω)。

纯电感两端的电压由法拉第定律来定义。

法拉第定律指出,电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。

这样,我们就得出dtdi L u = (1-2) 式中,di /dt 是电流变化率,其单位为每秒安培(A/s);L 是电感,其单位为亨利(H)。

电容两端产生的电压正比于累积在电容两极板上的电荷。

因为累积的电荷可用电荷增量dq 的和或积分来表示,因此有⎰=dq C u 1 (1-3) 式中,电容C 是与电压和电荷有关的比例常数。

由定义可知,电流等于电荷随时间的变化率,即可以表示为i =dq /dt 。

因此,电荷的增量dq 就等于电流乘以相应的时间增量,或者dq =idt 。

这样,式(1-3)就可写为⎰=idt C u 1 (1-4) 式中C 为电容,其单位是法拉(F)。

表1-1是对三种无源电路元件的表示式(1-1)、(1-2)和(1-4)的概括。

注意,根据习惯使用的电流标注方法,电压降的方向表示流过每一个元件的电流方向。

有源电装置涉及到把不同的能量转换成电能的形式。

例如电池将其存储的化学能转换成了电能,发电机将其旋转电枢的机械能转换成了电能。

有源电路元件有两种基本形式,即电压源和电流源。

在它们的理想形式中,一方面电压源产生与流过其电流无关的恒定电压。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语第6章6-3翻译

电气工程及其自动化专业英语第6章6-3翻译

Section 3 Operation and Control of Power Systems 第3节操作和控制的电力系统The purpose of a power system is to deliver the power the customers require in real time, on demand, within acceptable voltage and frequency limits, and in a reliable and economic manner. 该系统的目的,权力是为客户提供电力的时间为客户需要实际需求,对,在可接受的电压和频率的限制,在一个可靠和经济的方式。

In normal operation of a power system, the total power generation is balanced by the total load and transmission losses. 在电力系统正常运行的,总发电是平衡的总负荷和传输的损失。

The system frequency and voltages on all the buses are within the required limits, while no overloads on lines or equipment are resulted. 该系统的频率和电压的所有公共汽车都在规定的限额,而没有超载或设备上线造成的。

However, loads are constantly changed in small or large extents, so some control actions must be applied to maintain the power system in the normal and economic operation state. 但是,负载不断变化幅度小或大,所以一些控制行动必须适用于维持在正常和经济运行状态的电力系统。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语

电气工程及其自动化专业英语

电气工程及其自动化专业英语电气工程及其自动化专业英语应该注意:一个理想电压源(独立或受控)可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值,而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。

A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables.Still another class of relationship is one between several variables of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration,i.e.,the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected.一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。

另一类关系由于网络结构,即网络的'不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。

1.A resistor whose resistances vary with its current is known as a nonlinear resistor.2.An open circuit is a circuit element with resistance approaching infinity.3.3.An electric heater draws 10A form a 120V line.The resistance of the heater is 12Ω.4.An ideal dependent source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.5.An independent voltage source is a two-terminal element,which maintains a specified voltage between its terminals.6.According to the passive sign convention,if the power hasa plus sign,power is absorbed by the element.7.Electric current is the time rate of charge,measured in amperes.8.For a circuit containing N nodes and M branches,there will be N-1 independent node voltage.9.For a voltage source,its terminal voltage is known but its current must be determined by the external circuit connecting with it.10.If in an acb phase sequence,Uan=100∠-20°,th en Ubn is 100∠100°.11.It is conventional to take the current flow as the movement of positive charges.12.Kirchhoff’s laws are that are based on the topology of the network.13.Kirchhoff’s current law can be stated in two ways.14.Kirchhoff’s current law is based on the law of conservation of charge.15.Kirchhoff’s voltage law is based on the law of conservation of energy.16.Mesh analysis applies KVL to find unknown currents which are mesh currents.17.Nodal analysis is based on a systematic application of KCL,and satisfies automatically KVL.18.Nodal analysis method is choosing node voltages as circuit variables.19.Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor.20.Resistors are passive elements.21.The plus(+)and minus(-)signs in an electric circuit diagram are used to define voltage polarity.22.There are four possible types of dependent source.23.The circuit element used to model the current-resisting behavior of a material is the resistor.24.The algebraic sum of all voltage around a loop is zero.25.The potential at reference node or datum node is zero innodal analysis.26.The energy required to move a unit charge through an element is voltage.27.The voltage across an inductor eads the current through it by 90°.28.The voltage across an capacitor lags the current through it by 90°.29.The three-phase source and the three-phase load have four possible connections.30.The three voltages that have the same amplitude and frequenc yωand are out of phase with each other by 120°are said to be balanced three-phase voltage.。

(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译

(完整版)电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译

第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量,它们刻划了电路的各种关系。

Charge and CurrentThe concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。

也即,电路中最基本的量是电荷。

电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性,它是以库仑为单位来度量的。

We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的,并且每个原子是由电子,质子和中子组成的。

电气工程及其自动化专业英语

电气工程及其自动化专业英语

专业英语电路基础characterize描绘…得特征,塑造人物,具有…、得特征property 性质,财产equal in magnitude to 在数量(数量级)上等同于convert 转换converter 转换器time rate 时间变化率mathematically 从数学上来讲differen tiate v 区分,区别in honor of 为纪念某人name in honor of为纪念某人而以她命名electromotive force (e m f )电动势voltaic battery 伏打电池,化学电池an element 一个电器元件interpret 口译,解释,说明the potential at point a with respect to point b is点a关于点b得电势Potential difference/voltage 电势差/电压expend 花费,消耗instantaneous 瞬时得,促发得passive sign convention 关联参考方向the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律reference polarity 参考极性electron 电子electronic 电子得electric 电得,电动得time-varying 时变得constant-valued 常量得metal lic 金属得be due to 就是因为,由于,归功于building block 模块Coulomb库伦,Ampere安培,joule焦耳,Volt伏特,Watt瓦特,work 功变量u(t),i(t)就是电路中最基本得概念。

她们描述了电路中得各种关系。

电荷量得概念就是解释电现象得基本原理,电荷量也就是电路中最基本得量。

电荷也就是构成物质得原子得电器属性,量纲就是库伦。

我们从初等物理可以得知所有物质就是由基本组成部分原子组成,而原子又包括电子(electron),质子(proton)与中子(neutron)我们都知道电荷e就是带负电得电子,在数量上等于1、60210*1019 C, 而质子携带同等电荷量得正电荷,相同数量得质子,电子使原子呈现电中性(neutrally charged)。

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专业英语的翻译标准
忠实 通顺
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专业英语的翻译标准(续)
忠实
忠实于原作品的内容。必须把原作品完整而准确 地表达出来,不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏和增 删,特别是其中的专业术语、概念、逻辑关系等。 同时要兼顾原作品的专业语言、文体和风格。
The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished. 译文1:发动机没有停止,因为燃料用完了。
省译
为使译文通顺,需将一些词语省略不译。
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顺译与倒译
顺译 按照与原文相同或相似的语序进行翻译的方法, 可以理解为直译。
This change causes the voltage to rise. 这一变化引起电压升高(完全顺译)
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顺译与倒译(续)
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意译
Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values. 电阻器分固定的和可变的两种
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直译与意译(续)
在翻译过程中,直译和意译的使用不是孤立的, 应结合起来。
在科技英语的翻译中,意译可能占得比例大些。 这是由科技英语的特点所决定的。
表达过程可分为两个阶段:
构筑句架
按汉语的遣词造句习惯构筑译文的主谓宾排列及各种搭配,形成译 文句架
直译与意译
润饰词语
使译文更通顺
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翻译的基本过程-校核
校核是理解与表达的进一步深化,是对原文内容 进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的过程。
校核过程一般应特别注意以下几点: 校核译文在专业术语、技术参数、公式等方面 有无错漏; 校核译文的重点词句有无错漏; 修改译文不够恰当的句子、词组和词; 校核译文的标点符号有无错漏。
紧缩主干:
找出句子的主干骨架:将句子的主、谓、宾、表等主干 成分提出来。
区分主从:
根据从属连词、并列连词或关系代词等区分主从,找出 主句
识别形态
识别谓语形态,确定句子的时态、语态和语气。
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翻译的基本过程-表达
表达过程就是译者把自己对原文所理解的内容用汉 语重新表达出来。表达的好坏主要决定于对原文理 解的深度以及对汉语语言的修养程度。
由于爱因斯坦提出了著名的相对论,因此他获得了 1921年的诺贝尔奖。
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定语从句的译法(续)
状语化定语从句的译法
(2)译成因果复句中的结果分句
Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily 物质具有一定的特征,因此我们能很容易地识别它
(译文显然不合逻辑,它忠于了原文的形式,而没有忠 于原文的内容) 译文2:发动机不是因为燃料用完而停止的。
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专业英语的翻译标准(续)
通顺:译文语言必须通顺流畅,符合汉语规范。没有 逐词死译、语言晦涩的现象,没有文理不通、结构混 乱、逻辑不清的现象。
The virtual reality technology is hindered right now by the fact that today’s computers are simply not fast enough. 译文1:虚拟现实技术被今天计算机不够快速所制约。 (英汉语言在表达上存在差异) 译文2:目前,计算机运行速度慢制约着虚拟现实技术 的发展。
More often, it consisted of several different units, analyzer, averager, display, etc. which had to be interconnected prior to use 多数情况下,它包括一些不同的部件,如检偏器、均衡器和 显示器等,它们必须在使用前互相连接好。
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定语从句的译法(续)
状语化定语从句的译法
形式上是定语从句,从功能上看却是状语从句的从 句。
这类从句的状语功能往往表现在原因、结果、条件 或让步上,因此可将其译为汉语中偏正复句中的相 应偏句
(1)译成因果复句中的原因分句
Einstein, who worked out the famous theory of Relativity, won the Nobel prize in 1921.
倒译
指译文的词语顺序与原文有显著不同的翻译方法。倒译 的目的在于使译文更符合汉语习惯。
You must keep in mind the symbols and formula, definitions and laws of physics, no matter how complex they may be, when you come in contact with them, in order that you may understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.
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分译
A brief summary of the gas generation schemes facilitates the DR process descriptions. 为了更清楚地阐释直接还原工艺过程,我们对气 体产生的工艺流程进行了简单介绍。
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专业英语翻译
专业英语翻译标准 专业英语的基本翻译方法
翻译的基本过程 翻译的基本方法
从句的译法 被动语态的译法 否定句的译法
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专业英语翻译标准
英语的翻译标准
信(Faithfulness) 达(Expressiveness) 雅(Elegance)
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定语从句的译法(续)
非限制性定语从句的译法
用包孕法将其当作限制性定语从句,译成前置定语
The capacitor consists of two metal plates, which are separated by an insulating medium 电容器由两块被绝缘介质隔离的金属片组成。 用分切法将从句译成汉语中联合复句中的分句
增译与省译
在翻译过程中,如果按照原文一对一的翻译,译 文很难符合汉语的表达习惯,会显得生搬硬套, 牵强附会。译者应遵循汉语的习惯表达方式,在 忠实原文的基础上,适当地进行增译或省译。
增译
在译文中增加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有 其义的词语,使译文既能准确表达原文含义,又更 符合汉语的表达习惯和修辞需要。
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翻译的基本方法
直译与意译 合译与分译 增译与省译 顺译与倒译
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直译与意译
直译
按照原文,忠实地保留原文的词义、语法、语 气和风格的翻译方法。
意译 打破原文的用词、语法结构和语气风格,使译 文既符合所译文种的表达方式和习惯,又能准 确表达原文意思。意译方法的目的在于转达原 文的核心思想与全部内容。
(3)译成让步复句中的让步分句
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 虽然电子计算机有许多优点,但它还是不能进行创造 性的工作,因此替代不了人的作用。
为了更好地了解物理学,并为进一步学习打下坚实的 基础,当你接触到物理学的符号、公式、定义和定律 的时候,不论它们多么复杂,你必须把它们记住。
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从句的译法
英语的从句可分为
定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句。
根据句子结构、含义的不同应采用不同的译法
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定语从句的译法(续)
非限制性定语从句的译法
译成汉语中的转折复句
The inclusion of the initial conditions of a system in the analysis of control system which is difficult using conventional techniques, can be accounted for readily in the state variable approach. 如要在控制系统的分析中将系统初始条件一并考虑, 当采用状态变量方法时,并不会增加任何难度,不 过,若采用传统方法就很难做到这一点。
包孕法:用“的”字结构译成前置定语
The unit we use to measure voltage is the volt 计量电压的单位是伏特 分切法:在引导词前切断,将从句译为后续性分句
In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hardly seen with our eyes 译文1:在大部分海域里,生存着无数用肉眼看不到的微生 物(包孕法) 译文2:在大部分海域里,生存着无数的微生物,(它们) 用肉眼是看不到的。
(5)译成表时间的短语
Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy 给电灯供电时,电能就转变成光能
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