非谓语动词有3种形式

非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词

（一）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。

动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。

一作主语。不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it做形式主语。

1. To see is to believe.

2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.

3. It’s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.

二作表语

1. His aim is to win the first prize.

2. All we can do is (to) wait.

One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…

三作宾语

1. He demanded to be told the truth.

2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.

（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do）

3. I don’t know what to do.

（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）

4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.

5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.

四作宾补或主补

1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.

have sb do = get sb to do

feel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do

但被动语态要+ to, let 例外

Listen to me read the text.

He is often listened to sing the song.

He was let go by the police.

2. He ordered his men to fire.

wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to do

suggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do

3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.

It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.

sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /

be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) done

It + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….

六作定语

1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.

2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize

3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人

4. the house to be built next year

比较: the house being built now / build last year

注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。例如：

He is looking for a room to live in.

She has no knife to cut with.

但是，不定式修饰的名词如果是time、place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：He has no money and no place to live.

注意（2）做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式或动作的承受者时，不定式可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但含义有所不同。比较：

A)Have you anything to send?

你有东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）

B)Have you anything to be sent?

你有什么（要我或别人）寄的东西吗？（to be sent 的动作执行者是被省略的me或someone else）

七作状语(表示目的、原因、结果或条件）

目的to / in order to / so as to

结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to

1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers. （目的）

2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.

= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.

3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.（原因）

4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday. （结果）

only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果

5. To look at him, you would like him.(条件)

不定式的否定形式

She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.