【干货词汇】30个剑桥雅思同义词替换汇总
雅思阅读同义词替换04 (剑桥雅思7)
雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 7)1.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.6.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.7.calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v.8.detection=finding=observation 探测n.9.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.10.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.11.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.12.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.13.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.14.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.15.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16.decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.17.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.18.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19.demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj.20.well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.21.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.22.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v.23.result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24.sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25.address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.26.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.27.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.28.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.29.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.30.memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v.31.conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.32.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.33.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.34.convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.35.spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的adj.1.interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.2.change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.3.establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.4.official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.5.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj.6.collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.7.destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭v.8.absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收v.9.severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的adj.10.purify=refine=distill 净化v.11.hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的adj.12.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.13.deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.14.recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.15.conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论v.16.adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v.17.initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起v.18.refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到v.19.identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同v.20.request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求n.21.be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开v.22.consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23.hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.24.objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标n.25.implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行v.26.promote=encourage=help=aid 促进v.27.warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告v.28.observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔n.29.access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入n.1.cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因n.2.measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量v.3.route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道n.4.exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.5.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj.6.exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v.7.limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制v.8.boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.9.allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10.proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议n.11.urban=city=town=municipal 城市的adj.12.odour=smell=stench=stink 味道n.13.find one's way=navigate 导航v.14.bearing=position=standing 方位n.15.exchange=share=distribute 分享v.16.waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.17.dental=teeth 牙齿的adj.18.priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先n.19.encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.20.explore=look for=discuss=think 探索v.21.factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素n.22.cultivate=grow=raise 培养v.23.convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.24.digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化v.25.preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护v.26.monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.27.allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配v.28.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.29.fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的adj.30.upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高v.31.advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.32.sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的adj.33.evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.34.long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的adj.rge numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的rge=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.3.resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像v.4.foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人n.5.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.6.decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.7.stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.8.sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.9.establish=found=build=set up 建立v.10.be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11.recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认v.。
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1. abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up：这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave:普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up:普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
2. ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。
gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
3. able, capable, competent：这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able:最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
雅思常用近义同义词替换表
雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表1.. A band of= a herd of=a flock of ―群2. A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of=a set of ―系列3.Accelerate=speed up 力口速4.Accomplishment=achievemen成就完成Accomplish=achieve V )完成，达成，成就5.Attend=participate in 参加6.Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得7.Adapt to=integrate into 使适应、融为一体8.Aim(.n)=objective=goal 目的9.Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize。
门集中、强调10.A ttempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作11.A pproximately=roughly=about=some=around大约12.A ppreciation=interest 欣赏13.A s a result=consequently=as a consequence=henc因此、从而14.A s well as=and和As well=too 也15.A ssociate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联16.A ttach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上17.A t will=at randoms by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地18.A utomatically ensure=guarantee确保19.B e similar to=closely resembled =have something in common相似20.B e used to=be devoted to 专门用于21.B e equivalent to=be equal to 等同于22.B e taken aback=be surprised 吃惊23.B riskly =rapidly=swiftly 快速地24.C alculate=measure 衡量25.C atch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐26.C hief=major=dominant=principle主要的27.C hronic=long term 慢性病的28.C omplain=illness 病症29.C oncern n. =focus 关心的问题30.C oncern v. =about 与……有关31.C oncept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解32.Condition=regulate 调节33.C onfront=encounter=in the face of面临34.C oncern = care 关心35.C onsist of=comprise 由什么组成36.C oncur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人37.C ontaminate=pollute=poison 污染38.C ontend=assert=cliam 断言39.C ontribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible fo导致40.Cooperate with=work with 与……协作41.Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为42.Crop up=crop out=come up 出现43.Degenerated=underdeveloped 退化44.Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散45.Deadly=fatal 致命的46.Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少47.Distort reality=far from reality=dishonestF真实的48.Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处49.Distinct=distinguish=different=uniqu环同的50.D istinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind 亦同的51.D istinguish=tell 辨别52.D ue to=because of 由于53.D rawback=defect=ill 缺点54.E at=feed 喂食，进食55.E ndanger=threaten 威胁56.E ngage in=participate in=join in 参与57.E stablish=set up 建立58.E stablish=find out=figure out=work out查明59.E volvement=development=progress发展、发育60. Emphasize=stress 调（v）61.E mbark upon=start=launch 开始62.E nlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识63.E ntire=whole 全部64.E xceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）65.F ail to do=failure to do=can not to c不能够做66.F ar from=not at all 根本不67.F ault=flaw=defect 错误68.F orm=shape=mould 形成69..Foundation=basis 基石出70.Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助(金钱)71.F ree=release=set free 释放72.Frequently=often 经常73.G reat milestone=impact=effect=influence对…具有很重要的影响力74.G rant=give 授予75.G as=petrol 石油76.H old=harbor=embrace 拥有77.H alt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞78.H urdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍79.I dentical=the same 一模一样80.I mitate=impersonate 模仿81.I ncline to do=tend to do 倾向于做某事82.I ndicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明83.I dentify=recognize 鉴另U84.I n reaction to=respond to 对……起反应85.I nterpret=illustrate 解释86.I ntroduce to=import to 引入87.K ey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in 重要的，关键的88.K ey (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法89.L ikelihood=possibility 可能性90.L ink-up=connection 联系91.M aster=grasp 掌握92.M atch sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来93.M isconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解94.M odify=change=alter 修改、改变95.M anifestation=demonstration 显示、表明96.N ature=character=characteristics本质、特点97.N on-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的98.N ovel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的99.N umerous= a number of 许多100.Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……101.Pattern=format 形式，模式102.Pattern=design 图案103.Pore over=study 研究104.Poisonous=toxic 有毒的105.Portray=describe 描写塑造＞.)106.Portrait=description 描写塑造n.)107.Preserve=store 储存108.Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的109.Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代110.Prodigious effort=enormous effort 重大的努力111.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result= breed=spawn激发、产生112.Provide=offer 提供113.Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A 不受B 的侵害114.Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查115.Readily=easily=accessible 容易地116.Reflect=consider 考虑117.Relate to=understand=appreciate理解118.Rely on=depend on 依靠……119.Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）120.Replace=takethe placeof 取代121.Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins 剩余物、废墟122.Resemble=like=as 像123.Show=reflect 表现124.Significance=importance 重要性125.State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形126.Striking=noticeable 值得注意地127.Strugglefor=strivefor 努力地争取128.Substantia=l considerable 想当可观的129.Success=achievement=greatoutcome=greatprogress=huge development 成功、成就130.Surprising=unexpectedlyuncommon 令人吃惊的131.Taketo=be used to=get used to 对……习惯132.Tale=story=fairytale 故事133.Talent=gift 天赋134.Tuition=formalteaching 正式的学校教育135.Turnto=consult 寻求帮助、求助于136.Toxic=poisonous 有毒的137.Unbiased=withoutprejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的138.Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定139.Universal=popular 普遍140.Virtue=advantage=strength 优点好处141.Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出You know,我是悠悠的分割线君1.Solve= deal with=cope with=handle=resolve=address=tackle 解决2.Damage= hurt=injure=harm=impair= undermine= jeopardize损害3.给与：Give= offer= render= impart= provide=supply=afford4.培养：Develop= cultivate foster5.优势：Advantage merit= virtue= benefit= upside= strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage demer= drawback=downside= weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle=bewilder=perplex= baffle8.Key=crucial=critical= important= significant= vital= substantial= indispensable= imperative 重要的9.Think=believe= insist= maintain= assert= conclude= deem=hold= argue=be convinced=be firmlyconvinced= be fully convi nced 认为10.保护：Protect=conserve= preserve11.确保：Assure= ensure= guarantee=pledge12.有害的：Bad= banefulevil= harmfu l detrimental13.要求:Request deman*needs= requisition14.E liminate= clear=remove= clear up= take away= smooth away 消除15.L ead to= bring about= resultin= cause=spark off= conduceto=p rocure= induce= generate 导致16.So=therefore= thus=hence= consequently= asa consequence=a ccordingly= asa result=becauseofthis= asa resultofthis 因此17. Growto=riseto=increaseto=goupto=climbto=ascendto=ju mp to=shoot to 增长至18. Dipto=fallto=declineto=decreaseto=dropto=godownto=reduceto=slumpto=descendto=sinkto=slideto 降低至19.保持稳定：Level out=do not change= remain stable= remain still, =remain steady=be stable=maintainthe same level=remain unchanged=be still=remain the same level=stay constant= keep at the same level=level off=stabilize=keep its stability=even out20.急剧的：Dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously, =steeply=substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly,=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably 21. Steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually,=moderately=mildly 平稳地22.宣称：Allege=assert=declare= claim23.发生：Happen= occur= takeplace24.原因：Reason=factor= cause25.发展：Developmen t advance=progress26. 有益的: Useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable= rewarding,=advantageous27.影响：Influence = impackeffect28.Clear= obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-c lear 明显的29. Comprise=take up= accountfor= constitute= consistof= make up=occupy= hold= compose 占30.与…相比：Comparedwith=comparedto=incomparisonwith,=in comparisonto=by comparison with=by comparisonto31. 对比而言心丫contrast=in contrast=on the otherhand,=on the contrary=conversely32.Show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent = descried 展示33.大约：Approximately=almost=about=around=nearly= roughly34.波动：Fluctuate=go ups and downs=displaya fluctuation,=demonstratea fluctuation35.事实上Practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality,=in effect=in fact=as a matteroffact=itisa fact that36.换言之Namely=that is to say=in otherwords kto put it likethis,=to put it differently=to put it from anotherway=to put it fromanotherangle36.与…有关: Concernwith = relateto37.增加：grow= increase= rise38.集中：concentrateon = focuson40.计划做…: tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth41.与...有关联be associatedWith = be connectedwith = be linkedto42.方法：approach = method = way43.建立：establish found = set up= establishment= organization44.offersb.sth. =supply sb. with sth. =providesb.withsth.= grant 提供.给某人45.争论：arguments disagreement46.合同，合约：contract = agreement47.没有：no= without = have no48.混舌1： chaos = mess49.里程碑：monuments landmark50.帮助某人help sb with = assistsb in doing sth=reach a handto sbpetitor= rivalrecognizeas = look/assumeas52.作品：work = masterpiece对，没错，我就是分割线君/★ 高频短语：1.befilledwith = be inundatewith = be saturated with 充满了2.strugglefor = aspireafter =strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor 努力3.embarkon = takeup = set about = goin for 从事4.in present-day society =in contemporary society= inthisdayandage 在当代5. a hostof = a multitudeof = avastnumberof= a vastamount of 大量的6.begoodfor=dogoodto =be beneficialto =be advantageousto =be conduciveto 对…有益处7.harmful/bad for =be detrimentalto =be disadvantageousto = be perniciousto 对…有害处8.focuson devoteoneselfto =dedicateoneselfto= commit oneselfto =engageoneselfin =employoneselfin 集中精力于9.think = argue= assert= contend= claim= maintain= hold the viewpointthat= hold the standpointthat=hold the perspectivethat = harbouran idea/opinionthat =embracea view that 认为10.be against=reject= object= oppose=beopposedto= become hostileto 反对11.support=take sides with =advocate =lend supportto=sing high praise of 支持12.lead to=trigger=result in= bring about= contributeto= give rise to= give birth to=be responsiblefor 导致13.be ascribedto=be attributedto 归咎于14.发展&€旷@0口，提高面5€3§@，改善improve) =A及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement =B 不及物动词rocket boom flourish prosper15.befacedwith=beencounteredwith=bepoisedonthebrinkof 面临，面对16.destroy= damage=decompose=destruct = endanger= impair =decimate =deteriorate 破坏17.limit=restrict,=restrain,=constrict=constrain =obstacle= barric ade =smother=curb = hinder= impede 阻碍，限制18.make a conclusion= draw a conclusion=reacha conclusion= arriveat a conclusion=hammera conclusion= crystallizea conclusion 下结论19.dialect 方言accent 腔调20.look like= resemble 类似，像21.chronic 长期的,慢性的long-term 长期的22.on-line =net= cyber 网络23.solely= merely= only 单独地，唯一地。
雅思常用近义同义词替换表
雅思写作经常使用近义同义词替换表之老阳三干创作1.2.A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群3. A range of=an array of= a list of= a collectionof=a series of=a set of一系列4.Accelerate=speed up加速5.Accomplishment=achievement 成绩, 完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成, 告竣, 成绩6.Attend=participate in 介入7.Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 获得、获得8.Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体9.Aim(.n)=objective=goal目的10.Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调11.Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do检验考试作, 想要作12.Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 年夜约13.Appreciation=interest 欣赏14.As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而15.As well as=and和As well=too也16.Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联17.Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上18.At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地19.Automatically ensure=guarantee确保20.Be similar to=closely resembled =have something incommon相似21.Be used to=be devoted to专门用于22.Be equivalent to=be equal to 同等于23.Be taken aback=be surprised 受惊24.Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地25.Calculate=measure 衡量26.Catch up with=keep pace with跟上法式27.Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的28.Chronic=long term 慢性病的plain=illness 病症30.Concern n. =focus关心的问题31.Concern v. =about 与……有关32.Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解33.Condition=regulate 调节34.Confront=encounter=in the face of面临35.Concern = care关心36.Consist of=comprise由什么组成37.Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人38.Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染39.Contend=assert=cliam断言40.Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for招致41.Cooperate with=work with 与……协作42.Convert to=turn into 转为、转酿成43.Crop up=crop out=come up 呈现44.Degenerated=underdeveloped退化45.Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散46.Deadly=fatal 致命的47.Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少48.Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的49.Distinction=difference=nuance 分歧之处50.Distinct=distinguish=different=unique分歧的51.Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kindof分歧的52.Distinguish=tell分辨53.Due to=because of由于54.Drawback=defect=ill缺点55.Eat=feed 喂食, 进食56.Endanger=threaten 威胁57.Engage in=participate in=join in 介入58.Establish=set up建立59.Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明60.Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育61.Emphasize=stress 强调（v）62.Embark upon=start=launch开始63.Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识64.Entire=whole 全部65.Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）66.Fail to do=failure to do=can not to do不能够做67.Far from=not at all根本不68.Fault=flaw=defect毛病69.Form=shape=mould形成70.Foundation=basis基础71.Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）72.Free=release=set free释放73.Frequently=often 经常74.Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对…具有很重要的影响力75.Grant=give授予76.Gas=petrol石油77.Hold=harbor=embrace拥有78.Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞79.Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍80.Identical=the same一模一样81.Imitate=impersonate模仿82.Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事83.Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify标明84.Identify=recognize鉴别85.In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应86.Interpret=illustrate解释87.Introduce to=import to引入88.Key (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play avital/ an important part/role in重要的, 关键的89.Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法90.Likelihood=possibility可能性91.Linkup=connection 联系92.Master=grasp 掌握93.Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来94.Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view毛病的理解95.Modify=change=alter修改、改变96.Manifestation=demonstration 显示、标明97.Nature=character=characteristics实质、特点98.Nontoxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、平安的99.Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、立异的100.Numerous= a number of 许多101.Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……, 有赖于……102.Pattern=format形式, 模式103.Pattern=design图案104.Pore over=study 研究105.Poisonous=toxic 有毒的106.Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)107.Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)108.Preserve=store 贮存109.Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的110.Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代111.Prodigious effort=enormous effort重年夜的努力112.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed =spawn激发、发生113.Provide=offer 提供114.Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害115.Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查116.Readily=easily=accessible 容易地117.Reflect=consider考虑118.Relate to=understand=appreciate理解119.Rely on=depend on 依靠……120.Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）121.WordStr=take the place of 取代122.Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟123.Resemble=like=as像124.Show=reflect暗示125.Significance=importance 重要性126.State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形127.Striking=noticeable值得注意地128.Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取129.Substantial=considerable 想当可观的130.Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development胜利、成绩131.Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人受惊的132.Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯133.Tale=story=fairytale 故事134.Talent=gift 天赋135.Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育136.Turn to=consult 寻求帮手、求助于137.Toxic=poisonous 有毒的138.Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的139.Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定140.Universal=popular普遍141.Virtue=advantage=strength 优点好处142.Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出Youknow,我是悠悠的分割线君1.Solve= deal with=cope with=handle=resolve=address=tackle解决2.Damage= hurt=injure=harm=impair= undermine= jeopardize损害3.给与：Give=offer=render= impart= provide=supply=afford4.培养：Develop= cultivate= foster5.优势：Advantage=merit= virtue= benefit= upside= strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage= demeri= drawback=downside= weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle=bewilder=perplex= baffle8.Key=crucial=critical= important= significant= vital= substantial= indispensable= imperative 重要的9.Think=believe= insist= maintain= assert= conclude= deem= hold= argue=be convinced=be firmly convinced= be fully convinced 认为10. 呵护：Protect=conserve= preserve11. 确保：Assure= ensure= guarantee=pledge12. 有害的：Bad= baneful evil= harmful= detrimental13. 要求：Request= demand=needs= requisition14.Eliminate= clear=remove= clear up= take away= smooth away消除15.Lead to= bring about= result in= cause=spark off= conduce to=procure= induce= generate 招致16.So=therefore= thus=hence= consequently= as a conseque nce=accordingly= as a result=because of this= as a re sult of this 因此17. Grow to=rise to=increase to=go up to=climb to=asce nd to=jump to=shoot to增长至18. Dip to=fall to=decline to=decrease to=drop to=go d own to =reduce to=slump to=descend to=sink to=slide to降低至19. 坚持稳定：Level out=do not change=remain stable=remain still,=remain steady=be stable=maintain the same level=remain unchanged=be still=remain the same level=stay constant =keep at the same level=level off=stabilize=keep its s tability=even out20.急剧的：Dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously, =steeply=substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly,=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeabl y21. Steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually,=moderately=mildly平稳地22. 宣称：Allege=assert=declare= claim23. 发生：Happen= occur= take place24. 原因：Reason=factor= cause25. 发展：Development= advance=progress26.有益的:Useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable= rewarding,=advantageous27. 影响：Influence = impact=effect28.Clear= obvious, evident, selfevident, manifest, appar ent, crystalclear 明显的29. Comprise=take up= account for= constitute= consistof= make up=occupy=hold= compose 占30. 与…相比：Compared with=compared to=in comparison with,=in comparison to=by comparison with=by comparison to 31. 比较而言：By contrast=in contrast=on the other hand, =on the contrary=conversely32.Show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent = descried 展示33. 年夜约：Approximately=almost=about=around=nearly=roughly34.摆荡：Fluctuate=go ups and downs=display a fluctuation,=demonstrate a fluctuation35. 事实上：Practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality, =in effect=in fact=as a matter of fact=it is a fact that36. 换言之：Namely=that is to say=in other words,=to put it like this,=to put it differently=to put it from another way=to put it from another angle36. 与…有关: Concern with = relate to37. 增加：grow= increase= rise38. 集中：concentrate on = focus on40. 计划做…:tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth 41. 与…有关联:be associated with = be connected with = be linked to42. 方法：approach = method = way43.建立：establish= found = set up= establishment = organ ization44.offer sb. sth. =supply sb. with sth. =provide sb.with sth. = grant提供…给某人45. 争论：argument= disagreement46.合同, 合约：contract = agreement47.没有：no= without = have no48.混乱：chaos = mess49.里程碑：monument= landmark50.帮手某人：help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a h and to sbpetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as52.作品：work = masterpiece对, 没错, 我就是分割线君^_^★高频短语：1． be filled with = be inundate with = be saturated with 布满了2． struggle for = aspire after =strive for=spare no efforts for 努力3. embark on = take up = set about = go in for从事4. in presentday society =in contemporarysociety=in this day and age在今世5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of=a vast amount of 年夜量的6. be good for=do good to =be beneficial to =be adv antageous to =be conducive to 对…有益处7.harmful/bad for =be detrimental to =be disadvantageou s to =be pernicious to 对…有害处8． focus on devote oneself to =dedicate oneself to= commit oneself to =engage oneself in =employ onese lf in 集中精力于9． think = argue= assert= contend= claim= maintain= hold the viewpoint that= hold the standpoint that=ho ld the perspective that =harbour an idea/opinion that =embrace a view that 认为10． be against=reject= object= oppose=be opposed to=be come hostile to 反对11． support=take sides with =advocate =lend support to =sing high praise of 支持12.lead to=trigger=result in= bring about= contribute t o=give rise to= give birth to=be responsible for 招致13.be ascribed to=be attributed to 归咎于14. 发展(develop), 提高(increase), 改善(improve) =A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce 名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement =B 不及物动词rocket, boom, flourish, p rosper15． be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 面临, 面对16.destroy= damage=decompose=destruct = endanger= impai r = decimate =deteriorate 破坏17． limit=restrict,=restrain,=constrict=constrain =obstacl e= barricade =smother=curb = hinder= impede 阻碍, 限制18． make a conclusion= draw a conclusion =reach a c onclusion = arrive at a conclusion=hammer a conclusion = crystallize a conclusion 下结论19. dialect方言accent腔调20. look like= resemble类似, 像21. chronic长期的,慢性的 longterm长期的22. online =net= cyber 网络23. solely= merely= only独自地, 唯一地。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。
以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36.therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety78.broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly belooked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/bedeveloped150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
剑桥雅思同义词替换词
剑桥雅思同义词替换词和一词多义词总结（词库不只是要浩瀚，关键是能做到运用自如）p1Show表明: report, reflect, represent, reveal, unfold打开/显露, present, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, suggest, State主张，宣称: claim/announce/ declare, assert, argue, allege, insist, express, report, contend主张, maintain,被视作Be known/ looked/ seen/ regarded/ cited/ viewed/ considered/ depicted/ defined/ described/taken as,such as, (be) called (A is called B, A is so-called B), xx +that从句，A is B结构, 括号，破折号，冒号，引号，1.rigid (刚硬的/呆板的/僵硬的/苛严的)/ stiff(硬的/僵直的/呆板的)/ unchanged/ little change (僵硬的/一成不变的)2.significant /dramatic引人注目的/ substantial(实质的)/ remarkable非凡的/ crucial至关紧要的3.approximately 将近=nearly, almost 5.be involved (in) = involve in = involvement [n.] 涉及/卷入/参与6.given = considering = in regard to = despite = although鉴于/考虑到/尽管4.proportion比例/ percentage 比例8.fortune财富/运气/好运n. = destiny命运n.= chance机会n. 10.capacity能力,容量/ competence竞争力/ ability 能力8.deplete开采完/耗尽vt.= exhaust(exhaust emission尾气排放)=exploit开拓/开发=reclaim开发/开垦=use up耗尽plex错综复杂的a. n.复合体/多功能体育馆= complicated复杂的a = sophisticated久经世故的/精密的/复杂的11.确保/保障：Secure安全的a. / security安全n.= ensure确保= insure确保= guarantee 保证v. n12.solely独自地/ merely仅仅= only 13.a vast array of许多/ a great variety of许多/ a great range of许多14.pesticide杀虫/ suicide 自杀/murder谋杀15.assume假定v.=suppose假设v.=postulate假定=hypothesize假设16.授权/委托：authorize批准v.(authority当局)/ commission委任/委托/佣金/ entitle授权entitlement权利=right权利17.purchase购买/ buy 18. ethnic种族的/ ethic伦理/道德的a. 19. modify修改v=change=shift /shift work轮班工作20. insight洞察力/knowledge/ learning知识, 学问/ understanding理解力/ knowing知道; 认识21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit n.界限, 限度, 限制vt. 限制, 限定22. circumstance 环境（社会）= surroundings环境= environment 环境/ background背景= settings处境，背景= context背景，文章的上下文// anachronism时代错误23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的/ fragrant 香的//…是此问题的核心…is at the root of the issue24.移民：immigrant 从外国移来的/ emigrant移居外国者/ migrant候鸟, 移居者25.兴旺/繁荣；prosperous繁荣的/ thriving兴旺, 繁荣/ booming急速发展的/ flourishing繁茂的, 繁荣的26.神圣的：divine神圣的/ heavenly如天堂的/ holy神圣的/ sacred庄严的, 神圣的27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic有毒的, 中毒的nontoxic无毒的28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal致命的/ mortal致命的29.类似于：look like像..., 似..., / resemble与…类似30. chronic长期的,慢性的= long-term 长期的32.网友：online /net/ cyber friend // 上网聊天chat online //网吧cyber café/internet bar33.evolve进化v. evolution 进化// revolution 革命,旋转// involve卷入,涉及-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator指示器/ predictor预测//35.indicate指示/ demonstrate表明/ display显示/exhibit展示/betray泄露36. therapist临床医学家/ physician内科医师/surgeon外科医生/ dentist牙科医生/ psychiatrist精神病医师/pharmacist药剂师/ herbalist草药医生/ psychologist心理学家/ oculist眼科医生/ gynecologist妇科医生/ expert专家/ specialist专家38. commonest共同的,公共的,普通的/ frequent时常发生的,频繁的40. 退化：degenerate退化/ degrade (使)降级/堕落/退化(grade等级n.评分,评级v.) / deteriorate 恶化/每况愈下v.41. 分类：category种类/ categorize分类v./ class等级, 种类n. / classify分类, 分等v.42. consequence后果/ subsequence后继,随后n./ sequence次序, 顺序=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突/crash 坠毁/ crush压碎, 碾碎v. / crack裂缝n. 破裂v./crisp脆的, 易碎的a./smash打碎, 粉碎n.v.44. substitution代替/ substitute … for …替换..., 取代... // replace.. with/by…替换// alternative选择性a. 替代物. 46.孤立：isolate使隔离v./ alienate疏远v./ insulate使绝缘, 隔离/ be alien to外国的;与...不同的47．缺点：defect过失, 缺点/ flaw缺点/ failing缺点, 弱点n. / disadvantage 缺点n. /drawback缺点, 障碍/ fault过错, 缺点/ imperfection不完美/ weakness弱点/ shortcoming缺点, 短处48. 创新的：inventive发明的/ innovative创新的/ creative创造性的/ ingenious独创性的/novel新颖的49．neutral中性的,中立的/negative阴性的,否定,消极/positive阳性的,肯定,积极50．Ambiguous模棱两可的,暧昧的a. / ambiguity含糊,不明确n./obscure暗的,朦胧的,模糊的a.municate 沟通,传达,通报/confer协商v. / correspond协调, 通信v.52.accommodate 供...食宿；适应,调整(=adapt to) 容纳(=hold)mitment ~ to sth 奉献；责任,义务54．contribute to 导致=lead to导致= ~ result in = account for说明, 占54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/ insufficient不足的/ deficient缺乏的/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize强调/ stress强调/ highlight使显著/ focus on/ concentrate on集中56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical怀疑的= sceptical怀疑的/dubious可疑的/ suspicious (about/of) 可疑的58.臭命昭著的：notorious声名狼籍的a. / notoriety恶名/ flagrant臭名远扬的/ smelly有臭味的/ odorous有气味的59.机构，组织：association协会/ structure结构/organization组织64.dialect 方言accent 口音60.超过：exceed超越, 胜过/ surpass超越, 胜过/ outweigh胜过，超过// down the ages自古以来61.岩浆：molten熔化的rock/ lava熔岩/ magma岩浆62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual语言的/ bilingual两国语言的63.多种多样的：diversity多样性/ variety多样性/ breed品种, 种类/ species种类/breed[n]品种[v]繁殖/培养/造成65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch发行, 投放市场/ initial开始的/ initiate开始，发动/ initiative起初的/ origin起源n.66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty贫穷/ impoverished穷困的67.杰出：unusual与众不同的/prominent卓越的, prominence 杰出/ outstanding显著的, distinguished，杰出的/ eminent(杰出的), eminence卓越68.gene基因/ genetic defect遗传的缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思,怀孕v./ deliver送到,分娩v.70.演绎，推理：deductive推论的a. / inferential 推论性的/a. inductive诱导的,归纳a. / deductive推论的a./ induce 引导,归纳,引诱v. / deduce推论v. / induction 归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering令人困惑的/ puzzling使迷惑的/ perplexing复杂的, 令人困惑的73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary辅助的, 补充的77.the present century= modern society一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 一排/一群/一批（array排列, 编队,大批），range from..to…许多plenty of ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample丰富的/ sufficient 充足的/ adequate适当的, 足够的非常大的tremendous(极大的/巨大的), enormous巨大的, immense极大的/巨大的numerous 众多的/无数的;过时的outdated ; outmoded过时的; obsolete荒废的; old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated陈旧的短暂的ephemeral朝生暮死的, 短暂的; transitory短时间的; transient短暂的, 瞬时的; short-lived初始的preliminary预备的,初步的/ rudimentary基本的,初步的/primary主要的,初级的/ underdeveloped不发达的可持久的durable ; able to stand wea r ; last a long time 目前so far ; by far; to date迄今为止;一再time after time ; again and again再三地, 反复地// 时常often ; frequently频繁地; repeatedly前述的afore-mentioned上述的, 前述的; aforesaid ; former; mentioned above;年轻人young people ; youngster年青人; youth 青年们; young adult; adolescent; the teenage;永远的eternal永恒的;everlasting; forever; endless; permanent; perpetual永久的; lasting throughout life偶尔once in a while ; from time to time ; now and then ; at times; occasionally正/反意见(opinion)：归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame；骂：yell at对...吼叫;reprimand训斥; chide斥责; scold责骂; reprove谴责；condemn谴责支持：support ; endorse同意，签注(文件), 认可, 签署; back up支持, 倒退; uphold支持,赞成错的：mistaken ; erroneous错误的, 不正确的; wrong；incorrect；false错事wrongdoing坏事; misbehavior品行不端做相反的do the reverse反面of ; do the oppositeintegrate使结合(with)/使并入(into)；compose写作/组成/作曲v.；comprise包含, 由...组成；compromise妥协v. 瓦解disintegrate (使)分解, (使)碎裂; decompose分解, (使)腐烂;break up打碎, 破碎; separate into small parts我们想信…we are convinced that…确信/承认; we are certain that.. //接受…之美意embrace the offer of…愿意I incline to; I am inclined to倾向于; I am willing to; I tend to=prefer to //支持某一方be in favor of; be on the side of 在大家同意下by common consent（同意）of…一致的unanimous意见一致的; consensus一致同意,承认admit; acknowledge承认; confess承认,坦白,忏悔; concede承认,退让//意见不和clash(冲突) of opinion不愿承认…be reluctant to admit sth… //否定deny拒绝; withhold限制; negate否定, 打消恰当appropriate适当的; proper正确的; suitable适当的; adequate (充分的)不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate (不充分的, 不适当的)批判criticize ; blame; find fault with批评; make judgments of the merits (优点, 价值) and faults of…有用的be useful ; be of use; be serviceable; be good for; be instrumental有帮助的（=helpful）;有意义的meaningful; implication暗示; interpretation解释//无意义的pointless无意义的; meaningless; worthless 于事无补be of no help; be of no avail无效; be no use; be in vain徒劳// have a deep knowledge of…对…很了解使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…//内情ins and outs; turns and twists想法：frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking // 澄清clarify澄清= make clear选择choose; elect推选; opt for选择; pick精选; single out挑选//利用use; take advantage of明显的：apparently显然地/ patently明白地, 公然地/ obviously明显地/ evidently明显地, 显然夸耀brag(.吹牛) about; boast about自夸; show off炫耀; speak too highly of赞扬//分辨出identify; recognize照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to专心, 注意, 照顾; watch over看守, 监视对抗权威stand up against authority; resist boldly(大胆地) the authority // 不惜代价at all costs对…有信心have confidence in说:articulate(发音清晰的); verbalize描述; put in words; utter古英语的说连系get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility// be equivalent to相当于...= equal相等v. 发出deliver; convey传送; dispatch分派; give out; hand over//绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way 禁止进入be kept out; be barred from, be banned from //结果result; aftermath结果, 后果; consequence结果忽视: make little of不重视; overlook忽视; ignore不理睬; neglect; disregard漠视; give little care to坏了be out of order; be on the blink出毛病; be not working // 避免avoid; shun避开; get around; circumvent绕行amass积聚; accumulate积累; heap/pile up; assemble召集// 以…方式by means of; by virtue of; by the use of分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell A from B //应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of依靠count on; depend on; rely on; rest on；base on; settle on //在于lie in; rest on; rest with取决于;存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth产生; come into being // 准备…brace for; prepare for关键时刻the critical moment // critical关键的;vital重大的;important; decisive决定性的;crucial; pivotal枢轴的/关键的; 考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到；in consideration of // by hook or by crook不择手段发起:take the initiative带头; initiate开动; set going使运转// scrupulous谨慎的; unscrupulously肆无忌惮的;不算exclusive of除...外, 不计算在内; not counting; leaving out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑幻想fantasy; fantastic idea; imagination. 想法与作法beliefs and practices面对in the face of面对; in the presence of在面前; confront ..with.. 面临;face to sth;虽然although; not withstanding虽然; albeit虽然; though////除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of根据according to/on the basis of/on the ground of/that; in the light of; in line with; in accordance with, in terms of,逃避问题evade the question极端的radical根本的,基本的,激进的; extreme; drastic(极端的) drastic measures赔偿compensate fo r; give…as compensation for// 实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true剩下的the rest其余者; the remainder 剩余物; leftover剩余物; what is left //优点advantage; strength; strong point; benefit; merit优点,价值/ virtue美德换言之in other words; put another way //简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell简单地毕竟after all; all in all// 范围extent; spectrum; scale; range; scope; realm举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite，an illustration; to cite a concrete case特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular 回馈feedback既然…now that…; seeing that…//缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness幼稚childish; childlike; naive//迹象inkling暗示; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of// 行为conduct; behavior; doings// 隔绝isolate; insulate不易懂的elusive(难懂的, 难捉摸的); hard to understand挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective观点, 看法; standpoint正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position; stand; stance姿态意向inclination; leaning; intention特权privilege; a special right一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact交织intertwine; interweave//好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity //具体的specific; concrete; tangible (切实的)尊敬respect; esteem尊重,认为; think highly of顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim 巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous探索explore; fathom执行carry out; execute; conduct现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏见prejudice; bias; partiality偏爱; predilection偏爱，偏袒无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance骚动, 动乱, 打扰; tumult吵闹, 骚动, 拥挤, 混乱刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended了解…acquaint oneself with… 费时间去take time to do无缺点的flawless; airtight密封的, 无懈可击的无药可救incurable //解药a cure for…; a remedy for;细密的计划elaborate plan；深思熟虑：after long deliberation; after careful thought // 来自stem/ derive /come from 取消cancel; annul废除, 取消; abolish废除(法律/制度/习俗等)//谜puzzle; riddle; enigma(谜, 不可思议的东西)机会平等equality of opportunity // 较有影响力的国家a predominant (支配的, 主要的,有影响的) country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with热情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure影响长远的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devastate毁坏技巧的skillful; adept熟练的, 拿手的; dexterous灵巧的警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of(机警的)忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand//古老的old; ancient;证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony证词保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter//古人the ancients 很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance妨碍, 障碍自满的complacent令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding令人惊骇的生动的报导vivid media coverage争取compete for; try hard to win遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance揭露reveal; make known; disclose了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on //违反infringe (on)( 破坏/侵犯); violate放大amplify放大; magnify放大; enlarge扩大; extend延伸; aggrandize扩充//使害怕intimidate(恐吓,使胆怯); frighten 动力impetus推动力, 促进; driving force; momentum动力, 动量//准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely第一流的first-rate; excellent安全处refuge避难所; asylum 收容所; haven港口, 避难所; sanctuary避难所短视的决定short-sighted decision真正的genuine真正的; authentic; real // enliven使生气的, 使活泼生动怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious //醒悟it dawned on me that (渐渐被理解) 得到…的注意capture one’s attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit(赝品, 伪造)退步setback(顿挫, 挫折, 退步) //乍看之下at first glance一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large //一次就可完成的事one-time event评估社会文化因素assess /evaluate social cultural factors //满于现状be happy with what you are可互换的interchangeable可与…相比is comparable with (to)// 普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent(流行的)是个对比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to//每况愈下from bad to worse多样化的heterogeneous(不同种类的);单一性的homogeneous(同类的, 相似的, 均一的)另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…不宜取笑… it is not decent高雅的to make fun of…那并非说… that does not mean that…有这回事there is such thing as 取得同意…get the go-ahead to一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle(篱笆/跨栏) for us to overcome is… //这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:以此标准来算by this criterion; 复数criteria; by this standard //由…组成is made up of…; is comprised of; consist 由…造成caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from// 有资格的qualified;无资格的disqualified必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check //重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities conventional传统的//无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable//说服convince使信服; persuade; cause to believe。
pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总
pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总剑桥雅思考试教材是备考雅思的必备资源之一，其中包含了1至16册的练习册。
在雅思考试中，提高同义词替换的能力对于理解文章和提升阅读成绩至关重要。
本文将为您汇总《剑桥雅思1-16》中常见的同义词替换，帮助您更好地备考雅思阅读。
1. 地点替换在《剑桥雅思1-16》中，地点常常会使用同义词替换，以增加文章的多样性。
下面是一些常见的地点替换列表：- city/town: urban area, metropolis, municipality- school/university: educational institution, academic center, learning center- restaurant: eatery, dining establishment, food joint- park: recreational area, green space, public garden2. 时间替换同义词替换在时间概念上也经常出现。
以下是一些常见的时间替换示例：- morning: dawn, daybreak, sunrise- afternoon: midday, noon, daytime- evening: dusk, sundown, twilight- night: nighttime, darkness, evening hours3. 人物替换合理运用同义词替换可以使文章更加丰富，人物名词也是常见的替换对象。
以下是几个常见的人物替换示例：- teacher: instructor, educator, tutor- student: learner, pupil, trainee- doctor: physician, medical practitioner, healthcare professional- parent: guardian, caretaker, family member4. 动词替换为了增加文章的多样性，动词也可以通过同义词替换进行变换。
(完整版)刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换
Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.goo d vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=notwork=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与…不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring =abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophi sticated=low-tech基本的adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n. Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产v.central=middle中心的adj.did not have=without没有v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.prior to=before=previous在…前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.react=respond 反应v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST3outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.construct=build=make=found 建造v.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.consciousness=awareness 意识n.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4community=organization=group=body团体n.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv. operate=act=run运转v.output=product输出，产品n.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.revive=renaissance复兴v.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.expertise=skill 专门技术n.employ=analyze=study 使用v.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.calculate=measure 计算v.event=championship 赛事n.plan=prepare=design 计划v.improve=grow=get better 进步v.trade=economy 贸易n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.delivery=export or import 运输n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.supply=provision=support 供给n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST2successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.commute=travel 通勤v.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.together=face to face 共同refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的limited=minimal 有限的adj.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明related=associated 有关联的adj.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.elderly people=old people 老人n.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.regular=daily 定期的adj.exercise=physical activity 运动n.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.restricted=limited 有限的adj.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.early=older 早期的adj.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST3teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.actor=star 演员n.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.globe=world 世界n.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝describe=tell 描述v.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.target=goal=aim 目标n.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.match to=suit to 合适reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.remuneration=payment 酬金n.tend to=prone to 倾向于feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.staff=employee=worker 员工n.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.job=work=assignment 工作n.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.growing old=ageing 变老people=mortal=people=individual 人n.life=lifespan 生命chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.production=generation=output 产量n.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adjCambridge6 TEST4drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.promotion=marketing 营销n.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.moral=ethical 道德的adj.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.adults=men and women 成人n.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.child=infant=kid 孩子n.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.programme=campaign=project 项目n.common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.be halved=decline by 50% 减半key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.on its own=alone 自身however=but=yet 但是self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v. Cambridge7 TEST1rely on=depend on 依靠v.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v. detection=finding=observation 探测n.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.。
【AAA】剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全.doc
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/littlechange僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciablR/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approRimatelR将近-nearlR,almost4.proportion/percentage比例5.beinvolved(in)/involvein/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering,inregardto/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce[v]引入，引导，引诱/inductive[n]归纳><deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destinR/chances8.deplete开采完，耗尽/eRhaust–eRhaustemission(尾气)排放/eRploitpleR错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacitR能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/abilitR能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-securitR/ensure(insure)/guarantee押金12.solelR/merelR/onlR13.avastarraRof系列/agreatvarietRof花样，品种/agreatrang系列of14.pesticide杀虫/suicide自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibilitR)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission佣金/entitle头衔+ment=right（权利）17.purchase/buR18.ethnic种族的/ethic伦理，道德的+s=[n]19.modifR/change[v]shiftwork轮班工作[n]20.insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict限制/limit22.circumstance环境（社会）/surroundings/environment环境（环保）背景background后台/settings后台，布景/conteRt上下文（文章中）23.notorious臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant香的24.移民：immigrant(进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenlR/holR/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toRic(in-,non-无毒的)28.致命的：deadlR/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：looklike/resemble30.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cRberlove32.网友：on-line/net/cRberfriend上网（聊天）chatonline/goon-linecRbercafé/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution革命，旋转/involve-involution卷入，涉及34.indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/displaR/eRhibit/betraR36.therapist/eRpert/specialist37.优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/lengthmonest/frequent39.未开发的，初级的：rudimentarR/underdeveloped40.退化：degenerate/-tion[n]->generate生产，制造/degrade->grade等级/deteriorate恶化，每况愈下41.分类：categorR-categorize/class-classifR42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequencR频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash飞机坠毁44.substitution=>substitutesthforsb/replace45.alternative=>选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->bealiento/insulate(-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive(-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious(itR)/novel(-tR)=>[n]/creat ive/revolutionarR(易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguitR模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adaptto适应，调整，3=hold容纳，4使…停靠mitment1~tosth.奉献2责任,义务54．contributeto导致~resultin/accountfor(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack(of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focuson/concentrate明显的：apparentlR显而易见的/patentlR道貌岸然的/obviouslR=>evidentlR56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious(about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notorietR/flagrant/smellR/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：eRceed/surpass61.岩浆：moltenrock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversitR/varietR/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial(-lR)[v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative原创性=origin66.贫穷：poor/inpovertR/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence(-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/geneticdefect~缺陷/anatomR解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential><induce引导，引入，归纳->induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perpleRing72.applR：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidR补助，补贴/subsidiarR74.afactorinsth/dependonsth75.bepreferredbR/choice76.attitudeto/how77.thepresentcenturR/modernsocietR78.broad/great79.intermof按照，在…方面，关于/withregardto,inspiteof不顾，尽管80.small-scale小范围/marginal边缘处的81.phRsical/medical82.negotiation/agreement谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation公寓/住房85.virtual(love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.eRorbitant/eRpensive过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89.beparticipantin/takepartin/participateinbour[美，澳]/work91.attendto/takecareof/lookafter照料,照看92.dualemploRment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict指示，表明，象征/预料，预言Amajorcontributorto/becentralto来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.eRpert/therapist专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.leadto/beassociatedwith相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的，落后的98.couldnot-andcannot/hasalwaRsbeenunabletobR/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greaterlikelihood101.agreeon/beinagreement102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in)disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t matterseriouslR不重要/不严重的105.inspect/eRamine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion标准107．no-oneknow><notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfR/argue不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue><optimistic悲观的，忧郁的><乐观的110.unsatisfactorR/hardlRbelookedupon111.identifR/define112.turn…into/become/changeinto113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knockdown/dismantle/destroR毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move迁移/移动116.paR/chargesbfor向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v])迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessarR不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher译解（密码），解释121.delaR/drawback=disadvantage耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadaRs/present最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/eRplosiverelease强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aimto/focuson针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128.inadequate(diet)/deficiencR(intraceminerals)不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal/deadlR致命的132.successon/runningon成功133.costlR/berelatedbR有关系的134.beobtainedin/bederivedin获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthR高收入的/富裕的136.bealike/besimilarto相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138.eliminate/lessen><消除/减少139.notrisensignificantlR/stagnate停滞不前的140.salarR/wage工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficientlR/increasedproductivitR有效率的/上升的生产率142.economR/financial经济143.administration/management/government144.(be)sRmpathetic/understandng同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve引入/卷入146.change/different/shift147.die><demise死亡148.almost/approRimatelR149.beoutofdate/beoutmoded/beoutoffashion150.lessen/reduce减少151.famous/eminent/renowned/illustrious出名的152.barrier/hurdle/barricade153.higherposition/toppost154.Advantage:virtue,merit,benefit,positiveaspect,strength,pluspoint,upside好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage:failing,weakness,defect,drawback,negativeaspect,fault,demerits不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual:arbitrarR,unplanned,uneRpected,随意的157.Effective:efficient,effectual,fruitful,productive,valid多效的158.Criticize:reproach,blame,condemn批评,责怪159.Flaw:weakness,defect缺点160.AbilitR;capabilitR,power,caliber能力161.Dishonest:deceptive不诚实的162.Fair:equitable,equal,impartial,公平的163.Success:achievement,feat,skill成功164.Reason:factor,contributor,origin,原因165.Result:outcome,consequence,implication结果166.Resultfrom:arisefrom,originatefrom,bedueto,thanksto,由于，因为167.Giveriseto:contributeto,leadto,resultin,cause,breed,create,incur导致168.Disaster:catastrophe灾难169.Pollute:contaminate污染170.Poisonous:toRic有毒的171.Decrease;fall,drop,plunge,decline,stepback,downward,minimize,abate下降172.Increase:rise,goup,surge,grow,上升173.Growing:increasing,rising,上升的174.Indigenous,local,endemic本土的,当地的175.eRotic,foreign,alien,introduced引进的,外地的,外来的176.derivefrom,obtainfrom,originatefrom177.limit,restrict,circumscribe,confine限制178.legal,law,legislation,Act法律的,法律,立法,法案179.disease,maladR,illness,ailment,epidemic,infectiousdisease,contagiousdisease.疾病180.creature:animals,humankind,plants生物181.pervade,permeate弥漫182.noteasR,difficult183.dueto,leadto,thanksto,becauseof,attributeto(归因于),contributeto184.similar—standincontrastto(反义)185.different---same(反义)186.cease/stop---continue(反义)187.fact---theorR/fiction/illusion/fantasR(事实---理论/想象/幻想/想象)188.nearbR,adjacentto;border;neighbor在附近189.ineRcessof;eRceed;transcend超过超越。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理.以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的,程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost5.be involved <in>/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及,卷入,参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到,尽管6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission <尾气>排放/exploit9 plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的,复杂的10.capacity能力,容量/competence〔竞争〕能力/ability能力〔笼统的〕11.确保,保障：Secure-security/ensure <insure>/guarantee 押金13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样,品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume<responsibility>/suppose16.授权,委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right 〔权利〕18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理,道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥,限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境〔社会〕/surroundings/environment 环境〔环保〕背景background 后台/settings后台,布景/context 上下文〔文章中〕23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant <进来>/emigrant<出去>/migrant25.兴旺,繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming〔人口,行业〕/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic < in-, non- 无毒的>28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网〔聊天〕chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/involve-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释,预测37. 优点,长处,美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的,初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突〔民族,种族〕/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性,代替性,辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝, 排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate <-ior>绝缘,隔〔体〕47．缺点,不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的：inventive <-tion>/innovative<-tion>/creative<-tion>/ingenious <ity>/novel <-ty>=>[n]/creative/revolutionary <易错拼写：environment/convenient>49．neutral中立的,中性的/negative 否定,消极,阴性的/positive 肯定,积极,阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的,暧昧的/obscure51 municate 沟通,传达52.accommodate1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠53 mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for<占据>导致54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack <of>/short<of>55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently …怀疑：<be>/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious <about/of>57.缺点,缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构,组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的,初步的：begin/launch/initial <-ly> [v]首字母,开始的/initiate开始,发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished〔被剥夺财产的〕67.杰出：eminence <-t>/prominence<-t>/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思,怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎,推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助,补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾,尽管80. small-scale 小X围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判,洽谈/商定,协议85.virtual <love>/simulate模拟的〔网恋〕/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难,不幸87.innovate/invent 革新,创新/发明,创造sculpture/craft 雕刻,雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的,极高的/费用大的,昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美,澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工〔家庭〕93.indicate/predict 指示,表明,象征/预料,预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源,起点/是…的主要,中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家,能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系〔带来…的好处〕97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的,落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from101.agree on/define103.masquerade/<in> disguise伪装’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的… into/become114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏,拆毁〔建筑物〕/敲,打…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉117.separate/split 分开,使隔绝,提取/分,劈开118.fascination/attraction <-e:[v]> 迷住,吸引住120.decode/decipher 译解〔密码〕,解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误,延迟/欠缺,弊端122.association/organization 机构,关联/组织125.recognized/identified 承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对,目标,打算/集中…to/lead to连接/导致,通向128. inadequate <diet>/deficiency <in trace minerals> 不充分,不适当的/缺乏,不足129.basic/fundamental基础的,基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉,抓住132.success on/running on 成功134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得,流行,通用/由…产生,起源于136.be alike/be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/show显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造,造成/获得,增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率144.<be> sympathetic/understand 同情的,赞同/理解146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在149.be out of date/bedeveloped153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于,因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
最新雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1. abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up：这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave:普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up:普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
2. ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。
gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
3. able, capable, competent：这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able:最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
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【干货词汇】30个剑桥雅思同义词替换汇总
1.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick
up=widen=intensify=build up增加
2.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.
3.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you
are doing分心的事物n.
4.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.
5.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.
6.identity=someone’s identity is their name or who they are 身份n.
7.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.
8.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.
9.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.
10.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难
n.
11.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,
work together etc. 互动v.
12.construct=build=make=found 建造v.
13.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.
14.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.
15.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.
16.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.
munity=organization=group=body团体n.
18.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.
19.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到
处，全部adv.
20.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.
21.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.
22.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.
23.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾
24.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain
of保证，确保v.
25.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.
26.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.
27.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.
28.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察
觉，发现v.
29.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=treme
ndous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.
30.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.
31.Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,becon
vinced, befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced 认为
32.Protect,conserve,preserve 保护
33.33确保：Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge
34.有害的：Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental
35.要求：Request,demand,needs,requisition
36.消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway
37.导致：
Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce, generate
38.保持稳定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，
remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout
39.宣称：Allege,assert,declare,claim。