词类转换翻译法参考资料
词类转换译法
英语中许多名词, 动词含义灵活, 翻译时需要从其基本 意义出发, 联系上下文加以灵活处理。
通常情况下, 由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义或含 有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成汉语动词; 由形容 词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往 可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语 与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时, 可以根 据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语成分。
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
那天交好运的渔夫们都已回来 。
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.
他们沿着大街走去, 经过许多商店, 穿过一 个大广场, 然后进入了一座大厦.
3 形容词转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状 态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时， 往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious，grateful, able, content, suspicious, resentful等。
翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法
• ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣 • 回想起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。
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• 例句是将重点词汇名词转译成动词，这种 情况比比皆是。这主要是英汉两种语言的
各自特点所决定的，这也是两种语言的主 要差异之一，即“英语存在静态(static)趋 势，而汉语则表现出一种动态(dynamic)趋 势。”
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课堂练习参考译文：
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。
• 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。
afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad,
delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。
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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
常用翻译技巧——词类转换
海，交通极方便。
It ’s very convenient for passenger or cargo vessels to sail from
the Xiangjiang River through the Dongting Lake along the
Yangtze River upwards to Chongqing City and downwards to Shanghai City. （V----prep.）
例4. Yet despite this history of government intervention, individuals in the United States have always been able to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. 什么是“干预的历史”？不就是“历来干预”的意思吗： 尽管美国政府历来干预经济，但美国人总是可以选择为谁工
作、买什么东西。(n--v)
例5. 她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到 深夜。 She talked with me for eight hours through dinner and well into the middle night. (v--prep)
例.类转换
n. v. adj. adv. prep.
例1. Beggars can’t be choosers. 叫花子不可挑三拣四。 例2. I had been a wanderer among rocks and woods, a reader(阅读者) of curious books when I could get them, a gleaner（拣拾者）of old traditionary stories(古老的故事传说): 不见得英语用名词汉语就得用名词，一切以行文是否符合译文习 惯为准。若直译： 我曾是岩石和森林的漫游者，四处收集到的珍奇读本的阅读者， 各种古老故事传说的拣拾者。 我曾在山岩与林间漫游，也看过不少四处网罗的珍奇读本，还零 零散散收集过一些古老的故事传说。 (N---V)
词类转换翻译法参考资料
词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1. 英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.X对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.X他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states,which have their own constitutions and laws.X其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.X他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
实用翻译技巧：词类转换法
❖3. 副词---名词 ❖It is officially announced that the
unemployment rate will get lower next year.
官方宣称明年失业率将有所降低。
❖Psychologically and culturally, it is difficult and sometimes threatening to look too closely at failure.
我们仔细研究了这种收入高低即为社 会尺度/标尺的观点。
Hale Waihona Puke ❖2. 名词---副词 ❖I have the honor to inform you that
your application has been accepted.
我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被 接受。
❖四、非形容词转形容词 ❖1. 副词---形容词 ❖Not surprisingly, the rush of
arises because a country’s residents want to buy foreign goods.
外汇需求的产生是因为一个国家的居民 想购买外国商品。
❖The products of our factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
❖2. 形容词---动词 ❖These occurrences are normal,
within specifications, and are not indicative of defects in products.
第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
析： 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的， 另外，英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此，严格地说，是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩，使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文：他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区，此刻一片萧条景象。
析： 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”， 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
03-02 词类转换 - 词的翻译 - 德汉互译
例 4：- 名词转换为动词 „a) Die Stationierung von Streikräften in Deutschland und den Schutz der Sicherheit dieser Streitkräfte ...“
参考译文： “1.在德国驻扎武装部队和保护这些 武装部队的安全„„”
例 5：- 形容词转换为动词
Der Schlafwagenkondukteur kommt dienstlich herein ...
(„Das Eisenbahnunglück“)
参考译文：原文形容词：“dienstlich”→ 译文动词：“执行”
德语形容词转换成 汉语名词或动词
Übersetzen vom Deutschen ins Chinesische bzw. vom Chinesischen ins Deutsche
例 1：- 形容词转换为名词
Wä hrend fü die mechanische Produktion die r Formverä nderung typisch ist, besteht das Wesen der chemischen Produktion in der Verä nderung der stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Werkstoffe.
参考译文： 发展教育事业是实现一个国 家现代化的一个重要方面。
提示：Entwicklung和 Verwirklichung均为动名词， 译成“发展”与“实现”两个 动词。Modernisierung也是动 名词，但在句中有明显的名称 作用，故不译为动词。
直译（不符合汉语习惯）： 教育事业的发展是一个国家现代化 实现的一个重要方面。
词类转换翻译法-推荐下载
词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
词类转换翻译
词类转换翻译由于英汉两种语言分属两个不同的语系，它们在语言的表达方式上各有各的特点。
尽管它们在词类划分上大致相同，但词类的使用频率在两种语言中却有所差异。
英语中频繁使用名词和介词，而汉语中却经常使用动词。
因而，在英汉互译中，经常要用到词类转换法，即根据上下文和译文的表达习惯，在不改变原文词义的前提下，将原文中某些词的词性在译文中作相应的变化，以便使译文读起来更加通顺。
1. 英语名词译为汉语动词1) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.2) Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.3) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.2. 英语形容词译为汉语动词1) They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.2) We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.3. 英语副词译为汉语动词1) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through.2) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.4. 英语介词译为汉语动词1) President Lincoln proposed to establish a government of the people,by the people, and for the people.2) A force is needed to move an object against inertia.5.英语动词译为汉语名词1)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.2)Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.3)The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.6. 英语形容词译为汉语名词1) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs.2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.7. 英语副词译为汉语名词1) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically.2) The paper said editorially that with unemployment high and the dollar low the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.3) All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.。
转译法
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由于英语和汉语在句子结构和表达习 惯上的不同，机械地把英语的某一词 类译成汉语的同一词类，把英语的某 一成分，译成汉语的同一成分，显然 是不行的（反之亦然），有时需要转 换一下。这种做法，翻译界把它称为 “转换译法”或简称“转译法”。转 译法大量体现在词类转译和成分转译 上。
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ类转换译法 Conversion of Words
一、名词可转译为形容词 ① 英语中许多形容词都有抽象名词的形式，而
绝大多数汉语形容词却没有名词形式，所以英语 中的这类抽象名词常常可以译成汉语中的形容词。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
His words and deeds testify to his honesty. 他的言行证明他是诚实的。
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② 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成 形容词。
The match was a success. 比赛很成功。
As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
The old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
The pupil is a good writer. 这个小学生文章写得不错。
I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
英汉翻译之转换法
It is stipulated that foreign investment in a joint venture shall not be, in general, less than 25% of the authorized capitals. 按照规定，合资企业中的外资一般不少于额定 资本的25%。 The principle had been established that until the end of the war each great power would supervise political developments in those areas over which its armies passed as they pursued the foe. It was soon recognized that this approach offered the best framework for a solution.
His wife had done everything possible to mother him. 妻子竭尽全力，像母亲一样照顾他。 The novel satirizes the marriage of convenience. 这部小说是对建立在利害关系基础上的婚姻的 讽刺。 With unemployment high, the dollar low and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the President’s sternest trial. 失业增多，美元贬值，股票市场不景气，经济 问题将成为总统面临的最严峻的考验。
Joseph beheld my style of cookery with growing indignation. 我这种做饭的方式叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了 叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了。 叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了 The turning point of my life was my decision to give up promising business career and study music. 我的生活转折点是我决定 是我决定：不再做生财有望的 是我决定 商人而专攻音乐。 On one thing critics and fans agree: Wick is an authentic American success story. 无论是批评家还是拥护者，有一个一致的看法， 即威克很能说明美国人是如何起家的。？ ？
翻译技巧丨英语翻译之词性转换
翻译技巧丨英语翻译之词性转换泛瑞翻译一、转译成动词例如：I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文：你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。
（一）名词转译成动词1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。
2．含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
3．英语(论坛)中有些加后缀-er的名词，He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。
4．有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest?你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.汽车猛的刹住，停在悬崖边上。
英汉翻译之转换法
Actually, a great deal of the president’s power is controlled by the Congress.
这部小说是对建立在利害关系基础上的婚姻的 讽刺。
With unemployment high, the dollar low and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.
失业增多，美元贬值，股票市场不景气，经济 问题将成为总统面临的最严峻的考验。
The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”.
美国历来以“民族熔炉”著称。
Almost every kind of climates can be found, but the continent lies mostly in the temperate zone.
The building has been practically leveled to the ground by the big fire.
The question of forcible diversion of civil aircraft in flight was considered by the General Assembly of the United Nation as an important and urgent matter.
词类转换的译法28页PPT
1、战鼓一响，法律无声。——英国 2、任何法律的根本；不，不成文法本 身就是 讲道理 ……法 律，也 ----即 明示道 理。— —爱·科 克
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正，其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等，但是在法律 面前要有意义，不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书，莫被书掌握；要为生而读，莫为读而生。——布尔沃
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词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。
1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。
·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。
·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。
2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。
·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。
·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monumentand the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
·Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood.英国没有这种天然的保护物来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。
3)英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。
在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。
·He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他吃得饱睡得香。
·I am af raid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我担心自己不能教你游泳。
我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
·Some of my classmates are good singers.我同班同学中有些人歌唱得很好。
·Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doing.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
4) 作为习语主体的名词往往可以译成动词。
·Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.每天早晨，她都要到湖区去散步。
·They took a final look at it, still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了它一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。
·The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。
·A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail of the great sun. At first it was a giant column, which soon took the shape of a supramundane mushroom. For a feeling instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times.一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。
它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由女神像。
课堂练习1.New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.纽约使一些移民的幻想痛苦地破灭。
2.The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
3.The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的二十年中，美国的航空工业迅速发展。
4.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
N-VHe is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。
Exercise我们特别强调搞好售后服务(n)。
We lay special stress on the importance of offering good follow-up service.真题In terms of nations, it will be a world of much greater economic equality.（2001.9）就（每个）国家而言，世界各国经济将越发不相上下。
If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. （2000.9）如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么（将来）很可能说得很流利。
但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。
2.名词转译成形容词由形容词派生的名词，以及有些加不定冠词时，译成形容词。
·Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.鉴于他们没有经验，干成这样真不错。
·This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。
【例7】Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success.【译文】勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。
【例8】I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.【译文】我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。
【例9】It's such a nuisance that I've got to work on Saturday.【译文】我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。