2008年12月21日付阅读(中日对照)

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2008年12月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解

2008年12月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural 47______ for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48______ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to 49______ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the the mind and spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50______of human experiences and come to 51______ other ways of thought and living. And while 52______ their own relationships and responses to readers often find that the 53______ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide 54______ material for readers' imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books 55______ their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure56______. The social and educational significance of the readers' books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.Section BPassage oneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you’re a male and you’re reading this , congratulations : you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to d ie of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS . Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78years for men in Australia , you’ll die on average five years before a woman.There’re many reasons for this ---typically , men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps more importantly , men don’t go to the doctor.“men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should ,” says Dr.Gullotta . “this is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike .”Gullotta say a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two . For those over 45,it should be at least once a year .Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his s moker’s cough for a year .“when I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer ,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him but it would have prolonged his life .”According to a recent survey ,95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctoronce a year , compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullatta says . “they only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and t hey think ,’Geez,if it could happen tohim ,……’ ”Then there’s the ostrich approach .”Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know ,” says Dr.Ross Cartmill.“most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies ,” Garmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-us for men would inevitably lace strain on the public purse , Cartmill says . “but prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the disease . Besides , the ultimate cost is far greater :it’s called premature death .”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage ?A)They are more likely to survive serious diseases todayB)Their average life span has been considerably extendedC)They have lived long enough to read this articleD)They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women ?A)men drink and smoke much more than womenB)men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC)men aren’t as cautious as women in face of dangerD)men are more likely to suffer from fatal disease59.Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez ,if it could happen to him, ...”(line 2, para.8)A)it could happen to me ,tooB)I should avoid playing golfC)I should consider myself luckyD)it would be a big misfortune60. what does Dr.Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach “(Line 1 ,Para 9)A)A cause attitude towards one’s health conditionsB)A new therapy for certain psychological problemsC)Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD)Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men ?A)They may increase public expenseB)They will save money in the long runC)They may cause psychological strain s on menD)They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage twoQuestion 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store ,but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints,and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.“storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store losers the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shopper who purchased clothing encountered the most problem Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves over loaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly , and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers , and having sales representatives on hand to answer question .Most importantly , salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers .“Retailers who’er responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly , “ said professor Stephen Hoch .” Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the s tore entrance would help .“Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer , instead of complaining to the rest of the world . Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they hace no idea what is wrong.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2008考研英语阅读真题翻译

2008考研英语阅读真题翻译

2008 Text 1在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性,但至少在一个方面是领先的,尽管是她们不太想要的。

纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道,和男性相比,女性面对压力时,更容易受到影响,导致抑郁和紧张。

对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应,导致在同样的条件下,女性产生更多的致病化学物质。

在几项研究中,当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性的生殖器官)被拿掉后,它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。

对于女性来说,除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外,她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。

“并不是女性要处理的事情太少,而是她们有更多的事情要处理。

”Yehuda博士说道。

“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”,她观察到,“她们只是需要处理的事情太多,看起来会更容易精疲力尽。

”Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。

“我认为,女性通常要做的事是慢性的,重复的。

而男人去战场,承受的是格斗的压力。

男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。

女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。

不幸的是,她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。

这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子,但她决定完成大学学业。

“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位,因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折,而这就是我的逃避,去学校,争取上游,做到更好。

”不久后,她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。

“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子,还要工作,付房租,养车,还债是最难的事情了。

我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。

”不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力,但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任,很少得到喘息,从而感到了压力。

Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

2008 Text 2原本一切都很简单。

2008年日语二级真题

2008年日语二级真题

2008 2级文字•語彙(100点35分)問題Ⅰ次の文の___をつけた言葉は、どのように読みますか。

最も適切な読み方を1234から一つ選びなさい。

問1[1]地球温暖化は、私たちにさまざまな影響(えいきょう)を[2]与えている。

[1]地球1じきゅう2ちきゅう3ちきょう4じきょう[2]与えて1あたえて2くわえて3とらえて4そなえて問2[3]人類の[4]未来のために、資源(しげん)の[5]再利用を進めるべきだ。

[3]人類1じんすう2にんすう3にんるい4じんるい[4]未来1みいらい2しょらい3みらい4しょうらい[5] 再利用1さいりよう2ざいかつよう3ざいりよう4さいかつよう問3あの人は時間にはとてもきびしく、[6]一秒でも[7]遅刻すると[8]機嫌が悪くなるそうだ。

[6]一秒1いっぴょう2いっびょう3いちびょう4いちぴょう[7]遅刻1じこく2ちこく3じごく4ちごく[8]機嫌1ぎげん2がいげん3きげん4かいげん問4この[9]公害をめぐる[10]裁判では、会社の[11]方針が問われている。

[9]公害1こうがい2ごうがい3ごうかい4こうかい[10]裁判1さいだん2さいたん3さいはん4さいばん[11]方針1かたはり2ほうしん3ほうじん4かたばり問5[12]皮膚が[13]乾燥しないように、このクリームを[14]塗ってください。

[12]皮膚1はだ2かわ3ほほ4ひふ[13]乾燥1かんぞう2かんそう3けんそう4けんぞう[14]塗って1ふって2はって3ぬって4とって問6この服のデザインは、[15]欧米の[16]流行を[17]参考にしているそうですよ。

[15]欧米1ようべい2ようめい3おうめい4おうべい[16]流行1りょうこう2りゅこう3りゅうこう4りょこう[17]参考1さんこう2さんこ4せんこう4せんこ問7社長からの[18]指示なので[19]悩んだが、この仕事はやはり[20]断ることにした。

[18]指示1さしず2しじ3さしじ4しず[19]悩んだ1くやんだ2おがんだ3うらんだ4なやんだ[20]断る1ことわる2あきらめる3さける4ぬける問題Ⅱ次の文の___をつけた言葉は、どのような漢字を書きますか。

2008年日语能力测试1级听力阅读翻译

2008年日语能力测试1级听力阅读翻译

男:嗯,是啊。总是很挤。 女:眼前的优先座位虽然空着呢,因为是优先座位所以不能坐啊。 男:嗯。 女:但是,在邮局的前一站,非常空。于是想向前移动一下,走了出去,结果公共汽车突然
发车了。 男:哎? 女:太过分了吧?把我吓了一跳。立刻抓住吊环,差点摔倒。 问题:公共汽车突然发动的时候,女士是什么样的姿态呢? 6、 男画家和女模特在聊天。女士变成什么样的姿势呢? 男:喂,开始吧!拜托了。 女:好的。 男:你的姿势呢,坐到椅子上。 女:好的。 男:这样吧。嗯,用手抚摸头发,不,把手重叠放在膝盖上,看斜前方。 女:这样吗? 男:不,请看窗外。 女:是。 男:把右手放到窗户上吧。好的,可以了。不要动了。 女:好的。 问题:女士变成什么样的姿势呢? 7、 男的在说话。和这个男士的话相符的图表是哪个? 男:这是表示 A 公司过去 4 年内的生产量的图表。2004 年、2005 年在日本国内的生产很多,
1 牛肉。 2 鸡肉。 3 大米。 3 奶酪。 4、 女的和男的在聊天。男士想新买电脑的最大理由是什么呢? 女:啊,木村。买新电脑了? 男:嗯,之前的那个电脑坏了。 女:这个,是米库小姐在电视上宣传的那个新款吧?难道木村是米库小姐的粉丝? 男:怎么会呢? 女:玩笑。玩笑。这个拥有和迄今为止的电脑完全不同的高性能。我也不是特别懂。 男:哎?是这样啊?不太清楚。 女:那么,你是在产品销售第一天大减价被吸引了吧?新产品的打折可是很少见的啊。 男:如果是这么积极的理由的话就好了。 女:哎?那么,是什么原因呢? 男:之前的那台电脑,去购买的店里修理了。给我算了一下修理的费用,让我大吃一惊。他
女:那个原因不是牛肉啊。 男:哎?因为即使净吃牛肉,每天不也是让它吃鸡肉了吗?斑点狗还是喜欢牛肉啊。 女:是啊。但是,据说原因是大米和奶酪。 男:是吗?也经常吃米饭,也很喜欢奶酪。 女:但是,从明天开始即使再喜欢吃也不行。哎,我想让它每天随便地吃肉。 男:是啊。 问题:女士说从明天开始让狗吃什么呢?

The Reader《朗读者(2008)》完整中英文对照剧本

The Reader《朗读者(2008)》完整中英文对照剧本

You didn't wake me.你没叫醒我You were sleeping.你睡得很香You can't bear to have breakfast with me.你无法忍♥受和我共进早餐I've boiled you an egg. See? I'd hardly have boiled you an egg 我给你煮了个鸡蛋瞧我要是不想看见你if I didn't want to see you. Um, tea or coffee?怎么会给你煮鸡蛋? 要茶还是咖啡?Does any woman ever stay long enough有哪个女人和你在一起时间长到to find out what the hell goes on in your head?能知道你脑子里在想什么?What are you doing tonight?你今晚有什么安排?I'm seeing my daughter.我要见我女儿Your daughter? You've kept very quiet about her.你女儿? 你可没怎么提过她Have I?是吗?Well, she's been abroad for a year.哦她这一年来都在国外Did you say tea?你刚才是要茶吗?I'm going.我走了Have fun with your daughter.祝你和女儿相处愉快Tickets, please.请出示车票Tickets. Excuse me.车票对不起Tickets.车票Tickets, please.请出示车票Oh!噢!Hey. Hey, you!嘿叫你呢!Your feet. Your feet.你的脚脚Hey, kid.嘿孩子Up.站起来It's all right.没事的There. Where do you live?乖你住哪?It's just up here. I'll be fine now. Thank you. 就在那边我已经没事了谢谢你Goodbye.再见Look after yourself.好好照顾自己I'm worried about him. He looks terrible. 我很担心他他脸色不好The boy's saying he doesn't need a doctor. 这孩子说他用不着看医生He does. I don't need a doctor.他得看我用不着看医生Good, then. Peter.那好吧彼得We're not going to argue about this.我们不必为这事争吵Remind me. How old are you, now?提醒我你现在多大了?Michael's 15.迈克15岁It's scarlet fever.是猩红热He'll be in bed for several months, at least. 他至少需要卧床几个月Complete isolation.完全隔离Emily, keep away. He's contagious.艾米丽离远点他会传染Emily!艾米丽!How are you feeling?你觉得怎么样?Better.好些了I meant to tell you有件事想告诉你the day I got ill, a woman helped me.我得病那天有个女人帮了我She helped you?她帮了你?Yes. She brought me home.是的她带我回家Do you have her address?你有她的地址吗?Hello? Yes?有人在吗? 我在I brought you these flowers to say thank you.我带了这些花来感谢你Put them over there in the sink.放到水池那边I would have come earlier, I've been in bed three months.我本想早点来的但我在床上躺了三个月You are better now? Yes. Thank you.你好些了吗? 是的谢谢你Have you always been weak? Oh, no. I've never been sick before. 你一直身体不好? 哦不我以前从没生过病It's incredibly boring. There's nothing to do.太无聊了什么也不能做I couldn't even be bothered to read.我连书都懒得读Well, thank you again.那么再次谢谢你Wait.等等I'll walk with you. I have to go to work.我和你一起走我要去上班Wait in the hall while I change.我换件衣服你在走廊等着There are two more buckets downstairs.楼下还有两个桶You can fill them and bring them up.把它们装满提上来You look ridiculous. Look at you, kid.你看起来很可笑看看你自己孩子You can't go home like that.你不能这个样子回家Take off your clothes. I'll run you a bath.把衣服脱了我给你放水洗澡Do you always take a bath in your trousers?你总是穿着裤子洗澡吗?It's all right. I won't look.放心我不会偷看的I'll get you a towel.我给你拿条毛巾So that's why you came back.你回来找我就是因为这个吧You're so beautiful.你好美What are you talking about?你在说什么啊?Look at me, kid.看着我孩子Slowly.慢点Slowly慢一点Shh.嘘You've inconvenienced your mother.你给你母亲造成了不便How many more times? I've said I'm sorry.还要说几次?我已经道过歉了You scared her. I got lost, that's all.你吓着她了我迷路了就这样That's why I was late. Can I have some more?所以我才回来晚了能再给我来点吗?How can anyone get lost in their own hometown?谁会在自己的家乡迷路?I meant to head for the castle, I ended up at the field. 我本想去城♥堡♥那边结果走到了田野里Opposite directions. None of your business.方向完全相反不关你的事He's lying. He's not lying.他在撒谎他没撒谎Michael never lies.迈克从不撒谎I've decided I want to go back to school tomorrow.我已经决定明天返校了The doctor says you need three weeks. Well, I'm going. 医生说你还要休息三周我已经决定了Peter?彼得?Hey! Ooh!嘿! 呜!Like this?像这样?That's right.没错No, not so fast.不对别这么快Ah!啊!It's all right.没事Do it again.再来一次What's your name?你叫什么名字?What? Your name.什么? 你的名字Why do you want to know? I've been here three times. 问这个干什么? 我已经来这儿三次了I want to know your name. What's wrong with that? 我想知道你叫什么这有什么不对?Nothing, kid.没有孩子There's nothing wrong with that.没什么不对It's Hanna. You look so suspicious.我叫汉娜你一脸怀疑的表情What's yours, kid? Michael.你叫什么孩子? 迈克Michael. Hmm.迈克嗯So I'm with a Michael.那么和我在一起的人叫迈克Hanna.汉娜The notion of secrecy is central to Western literature. 西方文学的核心在于保密的观念You may say the whole idea of character可以说人物性格整个建立在holding specific information,人们之间未能公开的某些信息之上which, for various reasons,其原因可能是多样的sometimes perverse, sometimes noble,或卑劣或高尚they are determined not to disclose.以致人们决心守口如瓶You never tell me what you've been studying.你从没告诉过我你在学什么Studying?学?At school.在学校里Do you learn languages? Yes.你们学语言吗? 嗯What languages? Latin.哪些语言? 拉丁语Say something in Latin.用拉丁语说点什么It's Horace.这是贺拉斯写的It's wonderful.很好听Do you want some Greek?想听希腊语吗?It's beautiful.真美How can you tell?你怎么听出来的?How do you know, when you've no idea what it means? 你听不懂意思怎么知道好听?What are you studying in German?你用德语学些什么I'm studying a play.我在学一个剧本By a writer called Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. You heard of him? 叫戈特霍尔德·埃夫莱姆·莱辛的作家写的你听说过他吗?The play's called Emilia Galotti. You can read it.这个剧本叫《爱米丽雅·迦洛蒂》借给你看I'd rather listen to you.还是听你念吧All right.好吧"Act One. Scene One.第一幕第一场The setting: One of the prince's chambers.场景:王子的其中一个房♥间The Prince"王子I'm not very good.我念得不好Go on.继续"Complaints, nothing but complaints.牢骚净是些牢骚For goodness sake, is there anything left but work?看在上帝份上除了工作就什么也不剩吗?Just imagine that people actually envy us."别人竟然还嫉妒我们You're good at it, aren't you?你很在行不是吗?Good at what?在行什么?Reading.朗读What's funny?你笑什么?I didn't think I was good at anything.我以为我♥干♥什么都不在行What are you doing? What is this?你在干什么?这是什么意思?Why did you behave as if you didn't know me?为什么你装作不认识我?You didn't want to know me! You could see I was in the first carriage! 是你装不认识我吧! 明明看到我在第一节车厢里So why did you sit in the second? What did you think I was doing?为什么你坐在第二节里? 你以为我想干嘛?Why did you think I was there? How should I know?你以为我♥干♥嘛去了? 我怎么知道?Now, I've been working. I need a bath.我工作很累了想洗个澡And I'd like to be by myself.而且不想被人打扰Would you please leave?!能请你离开吗?I I didn't mean to upset you.我我没想惹你不开心You don't have the power to upset me.让我不开心你还不够格You don't matter enough to upset me.你对我还没重要到那个程度I don't know what to say.我不知道该说什么I've never been with a woman before.我以前从没和女人交往过We've been together four weeks,我们在一起四周了and I can't live without you.没有你我已经活不下去了I can't.我不能没有你Even the thought of it kills me.只是想一想都会要了我的命I sat in the second carriage because I thought you might kiss me.我坐在第二节车厢里因为我想你可能会吻我Kid, you thought we could make love in a tram?孩子你以为我们能在电车里做♥爱♥?Is it true what you said?你说的是真的吗?That I don't matter to you?我对你不重要?Do you forgive me?你原谅我吗?Do you love me?你爱我吗?Do you have a book? Yes, I have.你有书吗? 是的我有I took one with me this morning.今天早上我带了一本What is it? The Odyssey, by Homer.是什么书? 《奥德赛》荷马写的It's my homework.我的家庭作业We're changing the order we do things.我们把顺序改改吧Read to me first, kid. Then we make love.先给我念书孩子然后我们做♥爱♥The Odyssey, by Homer. What's an odyssey?《奥德赛》荷马著什么是奥德赛?A journey. He sets out on a journey.就是旅程他踏上了一次旅程Good.不错"Sing to me of the man, Muse The man of twists and turns告诉我缪斯那位聪颖敏睿的凡人的经历Driven time and again off course Once he had plundered在攻破神圣的特洛伊城♥堡♥后The hallowed heights of Troy"浪迹四方Come here.过来"He pressed her hand to his lips.他把她的手放在自己唇上She was dead.她死了Past all help, or need of it."任何人都已无力回天"I poked into the place a ways, encountered a little open patch 我摸索着往里走到了一小块开阔地段as big as a bedroom, all hung around with vines,才一间卧室那么大四周满是青藤and found a man lying there asleep.有一个人正在那里睡着了And, by jings, it was my old Jim.天啊这正是我那老吉姆啊!'When you landed, I reckoned I could catch up with you你上岸的时候我原想能赶上你on the land without having to shout at you. But when I see that house, 正想朝你大喊这时我看到了那座大屋子I begin to go slow."'我便放慢了"Lady Chatterley felt his naked flesh against her当他进入时as he came into her.查太莱夫人感觉到他赤♥裸♥的皮肉紧贴着她For a moment, he was still inside her"他在她里面静止了一会This is disgusting.这真恶心Where did you get this?你从哪弄来的这本书?I borrowed it from someone at school. Oh我从同学那借的哦You should be ashamed.你应该觉得羞耻Go on.继续"'Billions of bilious blue blistering barnacles in a thundering typhoon! 雷鸣般的台风里那成千上万蓝色泡状的臭贝壳啊!这是水!It is water! ' 'But what on earth did you expect it to be?"'那你以为是什么?Whiskey. "'Whiskey, by thunder, whiskey! '威士忌威士忌看在雷鸣的份上威士忌!'Whiskey? Come now, captain, you can't be serious."'威士忌?船长您该不会是认真的吧That's enough for today, kid.今天就到这儿吧孩子I was wondering, do you think you could get some time off?我在想你能请个假吗?Maybe we could go on a trip.我们可以去旅行What sort of trip? A cycling holiday.什么样的旅行? 骑单车度假Just two days.就两天I've got a guide book. I've worked out the route.我这有本旅行指南连路线我都盘算好了Look. What do you think?瞧你觉得怎么样?I think you like planning, don't you?你很喜欢计划对不对?"I'm not frightened.我不畏惧I'm not frightened of anything.我无所畏惧The more I suffer, the more I love.受伤越深我的爱也越炽热Danger will only increase my love.危险只会增添这份爱It will sharpen it. It will give it spice.让它更清晰更丰富I'll be the only angel you need.我会是你唯一的天使You will leave life even more beautiful than you entered it. 你生命的结局会比开端更加美丽Heaven will take you back and look at you and say,连对你敞开怀抱的天堂也会说'Only one thing can make a soul complete,只有一样东西能让一个灵魂如此完整and that thing is love."'那就是爱情Hello. Hello.你好你好Excuse me. Hello.对不起你好Do you know what you'd like?你想吃点什么?Um What are you having?嗯你要点什么?You order. I'll have what you have. OK.你来点我要和你一样的好Um嗯Two frankfurters, two potato salads and two beers, please. 请来两份法兰克福香肠两个土豆沙拉还有两杯啤酒Thank you. Thank you.谢谢谢谢I hope your mother was happy. Thank you.我希望你母亲吃得开心谢谢She enjoyed her meal very much.她非常喜欢这里的饭菜Come on.走吧Here, let me show you where we're going.来我给你看看我们的目的地It's OK, kid.不用了孩子I don't want to know.我不想知道What are you doing? I'm writing a poem. About you. 你在干什么? 我在写一首诗关于你的Can I hear it? It's not ready.我能听听吗? 还不到时候I'll read it to you one day.以后我会念给你听的Morning, Hendrick. Good morning, Mr. Berg.早上好亨德里克早上好伯格先生You're in court 306. Thank you.您是在306号♥法庭谢谢你You all right, Michael? I'm fine.你还好吧迈克? 我没事Hurry. You know what she's like. See you later!快点您知道她的脾气待会儿见!Good luck.祝您好运Please stand.请起立Please sit down.请坐The defendant, please.辩方请陈词They're coming.她们来了Hello. Hello.你好你好What did she say? Good morning, ladies.她说什么? 早上好女士们Welcome your new fellow-students. Treat them with courtesy.欢迎你们的新同学对她们要谦恭有礼Sit down. Hello.请坐你好My name's Sophie. I'm Michael.我叫苏菲我是迈克The Odyssey.《奥德赛》Take our your books.把书拿出来Everyone believes Homer's subject is homecoming.每个人都认为荷马的主题是回家In fact, The Odyssey is a book about a journey.实际上《奥德赛》是一本关于旅程的书Home is a place you dream of.家只是你的梦中之地Berg, I don't mean to distract you, but we're meant to study Homer, not Sophie. 伯格我不想打断你但我们要学习的是荷马不是苏菲It's wonderful, isn't it? Wonderful.这太棒了不是吗? 很棒It's gonna be a great summer.这一定会是个美好的夏天Why do you leave early? He always leaves early.你为什么要先走? 他总是先走Do you have somewhere to go? See you tomorrow.你是不是要去什么地方? 明天见Sorry I'm late.对不起我来晚了I got held up at school.学校有点事I have a new book.我带了本新书The Lady with a Little Dog.《带小狗的女人》By Anton Chekhov.作者安东·契诃夫"The talk was that a new face had appeared on the promenade,据说在堤岸上出现了一个新面孔a lady with a little dog."一个带小狗的女人Schmitz, one moment, please.施密茨请等一下I read the reports on you. Every single one. Excellent work. 我读了关于你的每一份报告你的工作无可挑剔You'll be working in the office.你以后会在办公室工作You got promoted. Congratulations.你升职了恭喜Let's get out of here!我们走吧!Come on! Michael, we're leaving. Let's go!快点!迈克我们要走了快走Come on, Michael!快来迈克!It's meant to be a surprise for your birthday.他们打算给你个生日惊喜Come on! What's the matter?来啊! 你干嘛呢?I'm sorry. Really. We thought you'd like it.真对不起我们以为你会喜欢的We've got beer! We're gonna dance!我们有啤酒!还要跳舞!I promised someone.我答应了别人Michael, please!迈克求你了!"Here and there the reflection of the stars and the lights, 到处是星星和灯火的反光on the bank quivered and trembled."在岸边闪烁着颤动着Oh, kid, kid. What?哦孩子孩子什么?Stop. What's wrong now?别念了又怎么了?Nothing's wrong.没怎么It's nothing.没事You know, you never ask.你知道吗你从来都不问我You never bother to ask how I am!你从来不屑问我开不开心!You never say.你也从来不提It just happens to be my birthday.今天碰巧是我的生日It's my birthday, that's all!我今天过生日!You've never even asked when it is.你甚至都没问过我什么时候生日If you want a fight, kid I don't want a fight!如果你想吵架的话孩子我不想吵架!What's wrong with you?! What business is it of yours?! 你怎么了? 关你什么事?It's always on your terms. Everything.总是由着你的性子来每一件事We do what you want. It's always what you want.我们总是做你想做的事全是按你的意思My friends were giving me a party. Why are you here? 我的朋友要给我开派对那你为什么要来?Go back to your party. Is that what you want?回去开你的派对啊你不就想这样吗?It's always me that has to apologize.道歉的人总是我You don't have to apologize. No one has to apologize. 你不需要道歉没人需要道歉War and Peace, kid.《战争与和平》孩子Now, you must go back to your friends.现在回你的朋友们那儿去Are you all right?你还好吧?It's him.是他Good.很好Get the boy something to eat.给这小子拿点吃的I think we all knew you'd come back to us eventually. 我们都知道你总有一天会回来的Mr. Berg? It is 8:00.伯格先生?已经八点了Your daughter.您女儿Thank you.谢谢你Julia.朱莉娅I've not kept you waiting? I was early.我没让你久等吧? 是我早到了Welcome back.欢迎回来So how will you decide?那么你会如何决定?I don't know.我不知道I'm happy back in Berlin, I suppose.我觉得在柏林的时候很快乐You've seen your mother? Mm-hmm.见到你妈妈了? 嗯I wanted to get away. That's all.我只是想一个人呆一阵It was Paris, but it could have been anywhere. 我去了巴黎但去哪都一样Away from your parents?就是不想和父母在一起?I'm aware I was difficult.我知道自己很难相处I wasn't always open with you.我很多时候对你不够坦率I'm not open with anyone.我对任何人都不坦率I knew you were distant.我总觉得你很遥远You know I always assumed it was my fault. 你知道吗我一直以为是我的错Julia.朱莉娅How wrong can you be?你能错到哪去?I'll see you very soon. See you soon.过几天见再见Good night, Dad. Good night.晚安爸爸晚安朱莉娅Those of you for the special seminar group,参加特别研讨班的同学们please stay on in this room.请留在这间教室Professor Rohl will be here in a moment.罗尔教授马上就来Well, we seem to be quite a small group.看样子我们这个班很小A small group and a select one.虽然小也是精挑细选的Clearly, this is going to be a unique seminar.显然这是个独特的研讨班We are going to start with a reading list, gentlemen. 我们先从阅读书目开始先生们Karl Jaspers卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯And ladies. The Question of German Guilt.还有女士们的《德国罪过问题》So this is where you are.这就是你住的地方啊Yes.是的Come in.请进You take work seriously. I don't know.你学习很认真嘛是吗You're rather a serious boy.你可真是个认真的男生It's how I was brought up.我从小就这样What about you? Are you serious?你呢?你认真吗?You're sure you want to work tonight?你确定今晚要学习吗?Yeah.是的But I won't work every night.但我并不是每晚都学习See you tomorrow.明天见Yes. Exactly That's right.是的一点不错没错You need a hand.要帮忙吗Why all the police? They're worried about demonstrators.为啥这么多警♥察♥? 他们担心这些示♥威♥者For or against? Both.拥护者还是反对者? 都有Wow. It's a circus.哇有好戏看了All rise.全体起立All photographers are now asked to leave.所有摄影人员请离开This court is now in session. Please sit down.本法庭现在开庭请坐First thing I'm going to do is hear motions首先我要听取from each of the defendants' lawyers.每个辨方律师的诉讼请求They're arguing that there's no reason to keep the defendants in jail在本庭宣判之前until the outcome of the forthcoming trial.他们反对将被告收监I'll take these cases one by one. Want a pen?我将一一审理这几个案件要笔吗?I got a pen. Hanna Schmitz.我有笔汉娜·施密茨Your name is Hanna Schmitz? Yes.你叫汉娜·施密茨是吗? 是的Can you speak louder please?能请你大点声吗?My name is Hanna Schmitz. Thank you.我叫汉娜·施密茨谢谢You were born on October 21 st, 1922? Yes.你生于1922年10月21号♥ 对吗? 对At Hermannstadt.生于赫尔曼施塔特And you're now 43 years old? Yes.你现在43岁? 是的You joined the SS in 1943? Yes.你于1943年加入了党卫军? 是的What was your reason for joining?你加入的原因是什么?You were working at the Siemens factory at the time?你当时在西门子工厂工作?Yes.是的You'd recently been offered a promotion.那时你刚被升职Why did you prefer to join the SS?为什么还要加入党卫军?Objection. I'll re-phrase my question.反对那我换个问法I'm trying to ascertain我只是想确认if she joined the SS freely, hmm?她加入党卫军Of her own free will.是否出于自愿I heard there were jobs. Go on.我听说那儿有工作继续I was working at Siemens我在西门子工作时when I heard the SS was recruiting.听说党卫军在招聘Did you know the kind of work you'd be expected to do? 你知不知道你要做的是什么工作?They were looking for guards.他们在找看守I applied for a job. You worked first at Auschwitz?我申请了这个职位你最初在奥斯威辛工作?Yes. Until 1944.是的直到1944年Then you were moved to a smaller camp near Krakow?然后你被调到克拉科夫附近一个较小的集中营?Yes. Are you OK?是的你还好吧?You helped move prisoners I'm fine.你在1944年冬季参与了嗯我没事west in the winter of 1944 in the so-called death marches? 向西运送囚犯的所谓死亡之旅 ?So, what did you think? I don't know.那么你觉得如何? 我不知道It wasn't quite what I was expecting.和我想象中不太一样Wasn't it? In what way? What were you expecting?是吗?怎么个不一样? 你想象中是什么样的?I thought it was exciting.我觉得它很激动人心Exciting? Why?激动人心?为什么?Why did you think it was exciting?你为什么认为它激动人心?Because it's justice.因为它是正义的Societies think they operate by something called morality,社会以为自己是靠道德维系的but they don't.其实不对They operate by something called law.维系社会的是法律You're not guilty of anything merely by working at Auschwitz. 仅仅是在奥斯威辛工作不会被判有罪Eight thousand people worked at Auschwitz.在奥斯威辛工作过的有八千人Precisely 19 have been convicted, and only six for murder.其中19个人被判有罪而谋杀罪名成立的只有六人To prove murder, you have to prove intent.为了证实谋杀必须先核实意图That's the law.这就是法律The question is never was it wrong,问题从来不是对与错but was it legal.而在于是否合法And not by our laws, no.而且所依据的并非我们的法律By the laws at the time. But isn't that而是事发当时的法律但这是不是有点What? narrow?什么? 狭窄?Oh, yes. The law is narrow.哦是的法律就是狭窄的On the other hand,另一方面来讲I suspect people who kill other people我怀疑那些杀人者tend to be aware that it's wrong.自己也清楚这是错的Miss Schmitz, you're familiar with this book?施密茨小姐你熟悉这本书吗?Miss Schmitz, you're familiar with this book?施密茨小姐你熟悉这本书吗?Yes. Parts of it是的这本书的一部分have already been read out in court.已经在法庭上宣读过了It's by a survivor,作者是一位幸存者a prisoner who survived.一位幸免于难的囚犯Ilana Mather.伊拉娜·玛瑟She was in the camp when she was a child, wasn't she?她小时候在集中营呆过不是吗?She was with her mother. Yes.她跟他母亲在一起对吗?是的In the book, she describes a selection process.她在书里描述了一种挑选过程At the end of the month's labor, every month,每个月的劳动结束时sixty inmates were selected.六十个犯人被挑选出来Picked out to be sent from the satellite camp back to Auschwitz. 从周边的小集中营送返奥斯威辛That's right, isn't it?这没错吧?Yes, that's right.对没错And, so far, each of your fellow defendants到现在为止其他几位被告has specifically denied being part of that process.都否认自己曾参与这一过程Now, I'm going to ask you.现在我要问你Were you part of it?你有没有参与?Yes.有So you helped make the selection?那么你?Yes. You admit that?是的你承认这一点?Then tell me,那么告诉我how did that selection happen?具体是怎么挑选的?There were six guards,一共六个看守so we decided we'd choose ten people each.我们决定每人挑十个That's how we did it every month.每个月我们都是这么干的We'd all choose ten.每人选十个Your fellow defendants took part in the process?你是说其他被告也参与了挑选?We all did.我们都参与了Even though they've denied it?即使她们全都否认?Saying "we," "we all" is easier than saying "I," "I alone,"说我们所有人比说我我自己要容易得多isn't it, Miss Schmitz?不是吗施密茨小姐?Did you not realize你是否明白that you were sending these women to their deaths?你要把这些妇女送向死亡?But they were new arrivals, new women were arriving all the time. 但是有新人来总有新的妇女被送来So the old ones had to make room for the new ones.那么原来的人就要为新来的腾出地方I'm not sure you understand We couldn't keep everyone.你似乎没弄明白我们不能把所有人都留下There wasn't room. No.没那么多地方不But what I'm saying我的意思是Let me rephrase.我换个问法吧To make room, you were picking women out and saying,为了腾地方你们把妇女们挑选出来然后说"You, you and you have to be sent back to be killed."你你还有你要被送回去杀掉Well, what would you have done?那换了你怎么做?Should I never have signed up at Siemens?我当初就不该进西门子是吗?Ms. Mather, they're ready for you now.玛瑟太太你可以进去了Go, go. Go, go, go.去吧去吧Where's Michael? I don't know.迈克在哪? 不知道In your book, you describe the process of selection.在你的书里你描写了挑选的过程Yes.是的You were made to work and then, when you were no longer any use to them, 妇女们先是做苦工然后当她们不再有价值then they sent you back to Auschwitz to be killed.她们就被送回奥斯威辛杀掉Are there people here who made that selection?今天在场的人中有当时参与挑选的吗?Yes.有I need you to identify them. Can you please point them out?我需要你来辨认一下能不能请你指出是哪些人?Her.她And her.她Her.她And her.她Her.她And her.还有她Thank you. Please continue.谢谢请继续Each of the guards would choose a certain number of women.每个看守会挑选一定数量的妇女Hanna Schmitz chose differently.汉娜·施密茨的挑法和别人不同In what way differently?哪里不同?She had favorites.她有自己的喜好Girls, mostly young.专挑女孩子大都很年轻We all remarked on it.我们全在私下里议论She gave them food and places to sleep.她给她们食物还安排睡觉的地方In the evening, she she asked them to join her.到了晚上她她把她们叫到身边And we all thought我们都以为Well, you can imagine what we thought.你能想到我们是怎么以为的And then we found out she was making these women read aloud to her. 后来我们发现她是让这些女孩读书给她听They were reading to her.她们都为她朗读At first, we thought this guard, this guard is一开始我们觉得这位看守more sensitive, she's more human, she's kinder.心思更细腻更有人性更善良Often, she chose the weak, the sick.她还常挑那些体弱多病的She picked them out. She seemed to be protecting them almost.看起来几乎是在保护她们But then she dispatched them.可后来她送走了她们Is that kinder?这算是更善良吗?I want to move on now to the march.下面我们进行到死亡之旅的话题As I understand it, you and your daughter were marched for many months. 依我的理解你和你女儿走了好几个月In the winter of 1944, our camp was closed down.1944年冬天我们所在的集中营关闭了We were told we had to move on. But the plan kept changing every day.我们被告知要搬走但是具体安排每天都在变化Women were dying all around us in the snow.我们周围的妇女不断死在雪地里Half of us died on the march. My daughter says in the book,有一半人死在途中我女儿在书里说"Less a death march, more a death gallop."与其说死亡之旅不如说是死亡冲锋Please tell us about the night in the church.请告诉我们在教堂的那一晚That night, we thought we were lucky because we had a roof over our heads. 那天晚上我们都觉得很幸运因为不用露宿了Go on.继续We'd arrived in a village.我们到达了一个村庄As always, the guards took the best quarters. They took the priest's house. 与往常一样看守们住在最好的地方她们占了牧师的房♥子But they let us sleep in a church.却让我们睡在教堂里There was a bombing raid in the middle of the night.半夜时有空袭The church was hit.教堂被击中了At first, we could only hear the fire. It was in the steeple.起初我们只听见轰炸声从尖塔上传来Then we could see burning beams然后我们看见了燃烧的房♥梁and they began to crash to the floor.它们开始向地面冲来Everyone rushed所有人挤成一团rushed to the doors.。

08年日语2级真题

08年日语2级真题

posted @ 2008-12-07 18:42 wjh623阅读(426) | 评论(1)| 编辑收藏2008年日语二级真题及答案-读解posted @ 2008-12-07 18:37 wjh623阅读(2748) | 评论(1)| 编辑收藏2008年日语二级真题及答案-语法posted @ 2008-12-07 18:21 wjh623阅读(602) | 评论(1)| 编辑收藏2008年日语二级真题及答案-听力(听力无图题)1.女の人と男の人が話しています。

男の人はどうして怒っていますか。

女:ねえねえ、昨日のドラマの最終回見た?最後にあの二人会えてよかったね。

男:おお、言わないでよ。

女:え?どうして?男:もう、夕べおれ寝ちゃって。

今日寛からDVD借りることになってたのに。

女:ああ、そう。

じゃ、言わない。

男:もう、遅いよ。

女:そんなに、怒らないでよ。

男の人はどうして怒っていますか。

1女の人がドラマの話をしてくれないからです。

2女の人がドラマの内容を話したからです。

〇3女の人がDVDを見たからです。

4女の人がDVDを貸してくれないからです。

2.娘とお母さんが神社で話しています。

お母さんは何をお願いしたと言いましたか。

娘:今年は学校の成績が上がりますように。

ねえ、お母さんは何をお願いしたの?母:秘密。

娘:ええ?教えて。

家族みんなが健康に暮らせるようにとか?母:ううん。

それも大事なんだけど、今年はね。

娘:わかった。

十キロ痩せてきれいになるように?母:無理よ。

そんなの神様でもできっこないわ。

おとうさんの給料が上がるようによ。

お母さんは何をお願いしたと言いましたか。

1夫の収入が増えることです。

〇2十キロ痩せてきれいになることです。

3娘の成績がよくなることです。

4家族みんなが健康に暮らすことです。

3.男の人が会社で話しています。

男の人は昼ごはんの後、まず何をすると言っていますか。

男:ねえ、わるいんだけど、今日は午後から休み取っても大丈夫かな。

2008年全国高考语文试题及答案-上海卷

2008年全国高考语文试题及答案-上海卷

2008年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试语文(上海卷)考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的。

答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

4.考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一、80分(一)阅读下文,完成第1—5题。

(15分)①2010年上海世博会中国国家馆“东方之冠”的设计方案,在传统的斗拱造型基础上进行了创造性的现代转译。

斗拱榫卯穿插的运用,保持了最为世人所理解的中国建筑元素,而层层出挑的主体造型更显示了现代工程技术的力度和气度。

与国家馆相呼应的地区馆平卧其下,则引入江南园林的理念,以现代园林空间来软化主体建筑与城市周边的关系。

整个设计一寓“天”,一寓“地”,体现出东方哲学对于“天地”关系的理解,以及对理想人居环境的憧憬。

几年之后,这个世博中国馆必将成为上海的新地标,雄踞于浦江之滨,给上海和中国带来新的光荣和自豪。

②城市地标是一座城市最具标志性的建筑或景观,它聚焦了一座城市的魅力,是这座城市区别于另一座城市的特色之所在。

我国历史上唐代长安之曲江,北宋汴州之金明池,南宋杭州之西湖,明清南京之秦淮河、北京之故宫、苏州之虎丘、扬州之瘦西湖,近代上海之外滩,都是历史上极具特色和标志性的城市景观,并积淀为一种独特的城市意象。

随着我国当代城市化进程的迅猛发展,新的城市地标不断浮出地表。

这些新的城市地标如何与城市的历史文脉相协调,并体现出创新和发展,已成为今天城市建设中一个普遍性的问题。

③所谓历史文脉,就是指一座城市的历史文化传统,它是在城市产生和发展的漫长历史进程中慢慢积淀和形成的,一旦形成,它又影响着生活于这座城市的市民共享的生活体验和共有文化想象,由于中国很早就是个统一的多民族国家,因而其城节必然烙有大体一致的中国特色;同时由于中国疆域辽阔,分成许多文化区域,因而每座城市又往往形成鲜明的地方特点。

2008年12月听力原文

2008年12月听力原文

2008年12月20日四级听力原文Short Conversations11.M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally,Q: What does the woman mean?12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.Q: Who is the woman talking to?13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist. I gues s I haven’t spent much time exercising lately.Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think?M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet.Q: What does the man imply?16. W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from the library the other day?Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?18. W: You had a job inter view yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?长对话IF: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?M: Well, not so bad.F: How have you been spending your time?M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.F: Great.M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.F: How does the scheme work?M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.F: What sort of works advertised?M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.F: I can see it’s good for you. What is your company get out of this?M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their book s any more.Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?20. How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?长对话IIW: Oh, where are we going?M: I want to show you something.W: I know, but what is it?M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?M: It isn’t very large,only 40 acres. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.W: Is there a house on the place?M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space.W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we? M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.M: I think we’ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q 22:What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?Q 23:What does the man say about the farm?Q 24:Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?Q 25:What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?Passages四级Passage One20分11秒――23分36秒Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let’s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.26. What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?He will address us on the subject of community policing program.27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.四级Passage TwoThere are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?There are numerous public and private languages.Question 31. What is Chomsky’s point on the ability to learn a language?Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.Question 32. What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.四级听力Passage ThreeWhen US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?" Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a smallspacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is "No". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?35. What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?Compound Dictation:Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom. What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.。

2008年日语能力考二级真题文字部分02

2008年日语能力考二级真题文字部分02

2008年日语能力考二级真题文字部分022008年日语能力考二级真题文字部分02。

考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料,做大量习题来提高日语水平,可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况,那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題Ⅳ次の[51]から[55]は、言葉の意味や使い方を説明したものです。

その説明に最もあう言葉を、1 2 3 4から一つ選びなさい。

[51] 内容がはっきりせず、2つ以上の意味に解釈(かいしゃく)できる。

1 いいかげん2 おおざっぱ3 あいまい4 からっぽ[52] 広く一般に用いられたり、みとめられたりする。

1 引用する2 採用する3 応用する4 通用する[53] 目的もなくあちらこちら歩く。

1 まごまごする2 にこにこする3 うろうろする4 いきいきする[54] 丸くて小さいもの。

1 つぶ2 つれ3 つや4 つな[55] 今までになかった新しいものを作りだすこと。

1 動作(どうさ)2 創作(そうさく)3 製作(せいさく)4 操作(そうさ)問題Ⅴ次の[56]から[60]の言葉の使い方として最も適切なものを、1 2 3 4から一つ選びなさい。

[56] 感心1 このクラスの学生たちの能力の高さに感心した。

2 あの人の上手な英語を感心した。

3 子どもたちのすばらしいダンスに感心になった。

4 りっぱなお寺を感心になった。

[57] 妥当(だとう)1 結婚するなら、なるべく気持ちの妥当な人がいいです。

2 あまり変わったものじゃなくて、妥当なものが食べたいですね。

3 これは妥当な集まりなので、スーツでご出席ください。

4 この仕事に対して1万円は妥当な金額だと思いますよ。

[58] いまに1 明日では間に合わないので、いまに掃除してしまってください。

2 もう勝負は始まったのだから、いまにやめたいと言っても遅すぎる。

3 最後のテストが終わったら、いまに覚えていたことを全部忘れた。

4 毎日休まずけいこをしていれば、いまに上手になるよ。

2008年考研阅读翻译

2008年考研阅读翻译

2008年Text1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life,women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”according to Dr.Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.现代生活中,女性在很多领域仍然在追赶男性,但是至少在一个令人不快的方面,她们却远远超过了男性,尽管这并不是她们所乐意看到的。

“和男人相比,女性在压力下尤其容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。

”纽约老兵管理医院的精神科主治医师Yehuda博士说道。

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.有关人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上会影响对于压力的反应,导致承受压力的雌性动物和女性人类相比雄性动物和男性人类而言,在同等条件下更加容易产生引发以上病症的化学物质。

2008年考研日语真题文本翻译

2008年考研日语真题文本翻译

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统考日语(非专业)文本翻译明王道网校考研日语教研组编译一基础知识题目有一件事情特别能反映人与物之间关系的实例。

有一个外国女学生为了考察日本农村社会人际关系、行为和习惯,与长野县的市民共同生活,进行调查。

那家房东非常热心,给予了很多照顾。

我负责教她日语。

有一天,她说了一件事情:“前天,和房东吵架了。

从那以后房东再也没理我。

究竟是为什么呀?”详细询问了一下事情经过,原来前天她借房东的取暖炉因为某种状况,点不着火了,给房东拿回去,递给房东时,说取暖炉“壊れました”,房东就变得特别不高兴。

我问她当时具体说了什么话,她说是:“先前借的取暖炉「壊れてしまいました」”。

我又问了房东的为人和平时的说话行事作风。

她觉得房东很热心,算是那种比较喜欢照顾别人的人。

于是,又问她那个取暖炉损坏的原因。

这样一问,学生就说:“原因不清楚,那天早上想点火,但怎么也点不着,所以告诉她取暖炉「壊れました」”。

然后,我决定问问她本人关于「壊れました(坏了)」和「壊しました(弄坏了)」的不同用法,再和她谈这件事情。

「壊れました(坏了)」和「壊しました(弄坏了)」从文法上讲,仅仅是自动词和他动词的区别。

但是,在这里产生的交际上的问题是,到底选用哪一个词,在物与人的关系中,会向对方明确地表明一种态度。

她当然没有考虑到这一点。

确实,对于“坏掉了”一事,「壊しました(弄坏了)」大概只限于自己负有某种责任时使用吧。

另一方面,「壊れました(坏了)」则是客观表示那件物品自然损坏的状态。

因此,物品实际损坏了,而且,如果当事人对此没有感到要负有责任时,用「壊れました(坏了)」一词当然毫无问题。

但是,在这种两种意思中,如果是掌握了地道日语的人,即便是在既不知道物品损坏的原因、也不清楚自己有无责任的情况下,恐怕也会选择「壊しました(弄坏了)」一词。

因为,哪个取暖炉属于对方,在借贷关系中,应首先表明自己感觉到对损坏一事负有责任。

不客气地说,就算因物品本身有问题,在出现损坏的情况下,一般也要选择「壊しました(弄坏了)」这种表现形式,以说明自己负有责任。

2008年高考语文试题及参考答案

2008年高考语文试题及参考答案

2008年高考语文试题及参考答案(全国卷Ⅱ)第Ⅰ卷一、(12分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A.迸发(bèng)不掘不挠(ráo)怆然(chuàng)婀娜多姿(ē)。

B.跻身(jī)岿然不动(kuī)女娲(wō)谆谆教导(zhūn)C.恫吓(xià)病入膏肓(huāng)浣衣(huàn)神情尴尬(gà)D.粗糙(cāo)徘徊观望()糟粕(pò)锲而不舍(qiè)2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是A.新来的王老师为人不苟言笑,同事们一般都产跟他嘻嘻哈俣,只有谭校长有时还会跟他开点无伤大雅的玩笑。

B.近几年,来中国演出的外国艺术团络绎不绝,不过人们对俄罗斯芭蕾舞团的《天鹅湖》还是情有独钟,屡看不厌。

C.美国博物馆的收费可谓各尽所能:有的一部分收费,有的分时段收费,还有的是否交费、交费多少由参观者自行决定。

D.中、日、韩三国参加这次围棋比赛的运动员,水平都在伯仲之间,谁能胜出,就要看谁具有更好的竞技状态和心理素质了。

3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是A.金乌炭雕工艺精湛,采用纯天然颜料着色,具有高雅、时尚、个性的艺术享受,还能吸附有毒有害气体,是一种环保艺术品。

B.该县认真实施"村村通"这一全省规划的八件实事之一,到10月底,在全地区率先解决了农村百姓听广播看电视难的问题。

C.中俄两国元首在致辞中一致表示,要以举办"国家年"为契机,增进两国人民的相互了解和友谊,深化两国各领域的交流合作。

D.听说博士村官潘汪聪要给大家讲农技课,大家兴致很高,还没到时间,村委会会议室就挤满了很多村民来听课,场面好不热闹。

4.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是铁路客车动车组先进的计算机网络控制技术。

,,,,。

列车防火系统也很先进,重要设施都附有防火装置①并与地面通讯,实现地面对列车的监控②能实现对动车组各个系统的控制③一旦出现异常情况,动车组即可自动减速或停车④同时对系统进行监视和故障诊断⑤无需人为干预A.②①⑤④③ B.②④①③⑤ C.⑤④③②① D.⑤④①③②二、(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成5~7题。

相当实用的中日对照机械汽车检查用语(含常用工具)

相当实用的中日对照机械汽车检查用语(含常用工具)

中文 铸件 通用公差 一般标准 附有异物 板筋搭接 定位 决定位置 定位销 错位 控制位置 颜色搭配 联锁装置 互锁 联锁 仪表板 进气歧管 吸气歧管 花色
进货检查 薄壁部分 冲孔 内螺纹 注塑痕 圆形 圆弧 发动机转速计 发动机穿透音 发动机停止运转 折弯 探出量 过热 发动机超速 导销 外协件 下止点 铆接 载重 模具 阳离子电泳涂装
天 津 一 汽 丰 田 汽 车 有 限 公 司 品质常用语中日文对照一览表
日文 あ アイドリンク アーク溶接 圧縮 圧縮荷重 圧縮試験 圧縮強さ 厚さ 圧力 穴 穴明け 穴抚きする 穴ピッチ 穴バリ 穴位置 穴徑 粗さ 合わせ あわせ孔 合わせ目 合わせ面 案内軸 案内ピン アンバランス アーク溶接 アークろう付 明るさ アスファルト アスファルトシート 当たり面 アップセット溶接 当て摺り アナログ信号 アニオン 油漏れ い 異音 位相 位相角 位相差 中文 无功 空载 电弧焊接 压缩 压缩负载 压缩实验 抗压强度 厚度 压力 孔 穿孔 冲孔 钻孔 冲孔 穿孔 孔间距 孔毛刺 孔位 孔径 光洁度 重合 重合孔 接合部 接缝 重合面 导向轴 定位销 失衡 不平衡 电弧焊接 电弧钎焊 亮度 沥青 沥青板 接触面 电组对焊 墩焊 配合 磨合 吻合 模拟信号 阴离子 漏油 异常音 相位 位相 相角 相位差
制定: 2008 年 12 月 4 日 第 次修改 年 月 日 页数: 1/4 部长 课长 副课长 担当

日文 鋳物 一般公差 一般仕様 異物付着 板合わせ 位置決め 位置決めピン 位置ずれ 位置制御 色合わせ インターロック インパネ インマニ 色ムラ
受け入り検査 薄肉部 打ちぬき孔 内ネジ ウエルドライン 円形 円弧 エンジン回転計 エンジン透過音 エンスト 折り曲げ オーバーハング オーバーヒート オーバーラン ガイドピン 外注品 下死点 かしめ 荷重 型 カチオン電着塗装

2008年日语高考(聴解なし)

2008年日语高考(聴解なし)

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语(不含听力)第一部分:日语汉字的读音与书写(共两节,满分15分)第一节――从ABCD四个选项中选出划底线的日语汉字的正确读音。

(共8小题:每小题1分,满分8分)1.友達との誤解がやっと解けた。

AかBとCまDわ2.日が沈むまでにこの仕事を片付けなさい。

AしつBしずCおちDちぢ3.十勝平野は、その朝、霧に包まれていた。

AひらのBへいのCへいやDひらや4.日本は山が多いので、農地面積は少ない。

AめんちきBめんつきCめんぜきDめんせき5.京都時代の美術を研究する。

AみしゅつBみじゅつCびじゅつDびじょつ6.音楽には何の興味もない。

AきょみBきょうみCしゅみDしゅうみ7.この会社は主にコンピューターを輸出している。

AゆしゅつBゆじゅつCゆうしゅつDゆうじゅつ8.日用品なら、近くの店でも買えます。

AにちようびんBにちようぴんCにちようひんDにちょうひん・第二节――从ABCD四个选项中选出与划底线的平假名相对应的日语汉字。

(共7小题:每小题1分,满分7分)9.駅の少し北へよった所に郵便局があります。

A寄B拠C依D靠10.山の風はすずしくて気持ちがいい。

A爽B涼C凉D清11.田中君は手をふりながら、ホームに立っている友だちと別れた。

A招B揺C揮D振12.よごれた金は受け取れない。

A垢B脏C污D汚13.このトンネルをぬけたら、すぐ大きな町です。

A抜B穿C通D拨14.日をあらためて、また来ます。

A換B更C改D替15.子どもはあまりえんりょしない。

A遠虑B远虑C远遠D遠慮第二部分:日语知识运用――从每小题给出的四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项。

(共45小题:每小题1分,满分45分)16.李さんは人前___緊張しがちです。

AにBでCへDが17.かれは成功の第一歩を踏み出した。

AとBでCにDへ18.かれは有名な俳優で毎日テレビ出ています。

AをBにCでDから19.日本のアパートの狭さびっくりしてしまった。

2008年日语能力测试2级听力阅读翻译

2008年日语能力测试2级听力阅读翻译

2008年日语能力测试2级听力阅读翻译听力问题一1、百货商店广播中女播音员在说话。

走失的孩子穿着是什么样的?播音员:现在广播走失的孩子。

在寻找2岁左右的女孩。

她戴着白色的帽子,穿着花纹的衬衫和有条纹的裤子。

有线索的顾客请通知身边的店员。

问题:走失的孩子穿着是什么样的?2、男的和女的关于电车的座位在聊天。

最后决定买那个座位的票了?男:买哪里的?因为是6个人。

女:两个人一起,三排怎么样?男:这样啊。

女:但是这个座位好像能够面对面。

看,这样的话,在这里坐两排大家能够一起打扑克。

男:是啊,这样的话就在窗边买两排的票吧。

问题:最后决定买那个座位的票了?3、关于运动会的比赛,女的在进行说明。

与说明相符的是哪个?女:下面进行比赛的说明。

比赛开始后,请从第一个障碍物下面通过。

过一会有第二个障碍物。

请从上面越过。

最后,有绳子系着香蕉和面包等各种食物,把其中之一含在嘴里进行冲刺。

问题:与说明相符的是哪个?4、男的和女的在聊天。

猫在哪里?女:啊,猫在那里睡觉呢。

男:真的。

在我去买饮料的空隙。

女:猫知道那里很暖和吧。

真聪明。

男:因为那里有发动机,比屋顶暖和。

啊,昨天刚刚洗过的,竟然弄得全是脚印。

问题:猫在哪里?5、男的在店内进行广播。

在这个超市什么时候能够买到便宜的盘子?男:欢迎大家光临光屋超市。

每周的周二、周三88元特价产品中有速冻食品、纳豆、豆腐等50种以上的食品。

此外,明天即第二个周三二楼日用品打七折,请利用这个机会购买餐具和锅等。

此外,下周第三个周二是电器日。

请来光顾。

问题:在这个超市什么时候能够买到便宜的盘子?6、女的在电视上进行体操说明。

完全吐气的时候姿势是什么样的?女:嗯,今天给腰痛的观众介绍特别推荐的体操。

首先,脸朝上躺下。

其次,一边呼吸双手延伸到头上,支起腿来。

而且,一边呼吸慢慢地抬起腰部。

以这样的姿势完全吐气。

再次,一边呼吸一边弓背。

请重复进行。

对腰痛很有效果。

问题:完全吐气的时候姿势是什么样的?7、老师在教室点学生的名字。

中日双语阅读

中日双语阅读

人間は考える生き物だと言われていますが、考える生き物は人間だけではないと思います。

我が家の犬のポチも小さい頭でいっしょうけんめい考えているようです。

ある日、私と妻がけんかをしました。

けんかの原因はあまりたいしたことではなかったのですが、意見を言い合っているうちにけんかになってしまったのです。

そのとき、ポチが私たちの間に入って、なんと、私たちの顔をなめはじめたのです。

そして、私たちはいつの間にか仲直りしていました。

犬の習性かもしれませんが、ポチは私たちを仲良くさせようと、いっしょうけんめい考えたのだと思います。

注釈:生き物(いきもの) [名] 生物,动物なめる(舐める) [他下一] 舔仲直り(なかなおり)[名?自サ] 和好,言归于好習性(しゅうせい) [名] 习性,习惯成性問題:「私たち」とはだれたちのことですか。

1、私と妻と犬のポチ2、私と妻3、私と犬のポチ4、妻と犬のポチ文の内容と合うものは次のどれですか。

1、考える生き物は人間だけだと思います2、けんかの原因は犬のポチです3、人間の顔をなめるのは犬の習性です4、犬も考える生き物だと思います答案:2,4参考译文:我家的狗人类被称为会思考的生物,而我想能思考的生物不仅仅是人类,我家的狗“波奇”好像小小的脑袋也努力地思考着。

有一天,我和妻子吵架了。

虽吵架的原因不是什么大不了的事,但互相诉说意见的期间争吵起来了。

这个时候,“波奇”走进我们之间,哎呀,开始舐我们的脸,我们不知不觉中就和好了。

或许是狗的习性吧。

我想“波奇”为了使我们关系好起来,努力地思考着。

日本に来てしばらくの間、日本語学校に通いながら、居酒屋で皿洗いのアルバイトをしていました。

大学の入学金を貯金していたので、最初は時給ばかりが気になり、10円でも高いところへとアルバイト先を変えていました。

しかし、その差額は新しい職場を探すときの交通費に消えてしまうくらい、わずかな金額でした。

また、いくつかの職場を見てみると、場所によってかなり雰囲気が違うことに気づきました。

2008年12月快速阅读

2008年12月快速阅读

That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I‟d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‟d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, …No, we don‟t push.‟” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for‟ disciplining her child‟. All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‟s house it‟s encouraged. For her, it‟s about kids being kids: “If you can‟t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt‟s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‟s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you‟re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren‟t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University. “But there is still an idea that they‟re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it‟s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I‟d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. “Usually a quiet reminder that …we don‟t do that here‟ is enough. Kids have finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first.” Raise your concerns with the parents if they‟re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as st ressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: …I know you‟ll think I‟m silly but in my house I don‟t want...‟”When it comes to situations where you‟re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don‟t go well, then have a chat.”There‟re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “Now you can‟t do it without feeling uneasy about it,” White says.Men might also feel uneasy about dealing with other peoples children.” Men feel nervous,” White says.” A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone,” The rules are different now from when today‟s parents were growing up,” he says.”Adults are scared of saying, …Don‟t swear‟, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‟re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer from it as much as children.Meredith Fuller agrees,” A code of conduct is hard to create when you‟re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are pe rceived to finish last.”“It‟s about what I‟m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. “The days when a kid came home from school and said, …I got into trouble‟, and dad said, …You probably deserved it‟,are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children‟s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‟s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you‟re going to have to deal with the parent. It‟s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says,“I suspect that it‟s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. “Today we have a situation where, in many families, both parents work, so the amount of time children get from parents has diminished,” she says.“Also, sometimes when we talk about being child-centred, it‟s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‟re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‟s intervention(干预) on her son‟s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‟s mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench whe re she‟d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn‟t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‟s kids. “Look at kids that aren‟t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don‟t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianc hi expect the young boy‟s mother to do when she talked to him?A) Make an apology.B) Come over to intervene.C) Discipline her own boy.D) Take her own boy away.2. What does the author say about dealing with other people‟s children?A) It‟s important n ot to hurt them in any way.B) It‟s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing.C) It‟s advisable to treat them as one‟s own kids.D) It‟s possible for one to get into lots of trouble.3. According to Professor Naomi White of Monash University, when one‟s kids are criticised, their parents will probably feel .A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other people‟s kids misbehave according to Andrew Fuller?A) Talk to them directly in a mild wayB) Complain to their parents politelyC) Simply leave them aloneD) Punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, .A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticise kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids‟ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack ofsleep, .A) it‟s easy for people to become impatientB) it‟s d ifficult to create a code of conductC) it‟s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it‟s hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) They‟d question the teachers.B) They‟d charge u p to the school.C) They‟d tell the kids to calm down.D) They‟d put the blame on their kids.8. Professor White believes that the notions of a more child-centred society shouldbe .9. According to Professor White, today‟s parents treat their chi ldren as something they .10. Andrew Fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not .。

2008年考研英语一阅读答案及解析

2008年考研英语一阅读答案及解析

2008年考研英语一阅读答案及解析2008年的考研英语一阅读部分,对于许多考生来说,无疑是一个巨大的挑战。

今年的阅读题目涵盖了多个领域,包括社会问题、科技进展以及文化差异等,旨在考察考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑分析能力以及对细节的把握程度。

以下是对部分阅读题目的答案及解析。

首先,我们来看第一篇阅读材料,它讨论了现代社会中人们对于个人隐私的担忧。

文章通过对比过去和现在人们对于隐私的态度,揭示了随着科技的发展,个人隐私保护变得越来越困难。

在这篇文章中,作者提出了几个关键点,包括社交媒体的普及、大数据的收集以及智能设备的普及等,这些都对个人隐私构成了威胁。

在解答这类问题时,考生需要仔细阅读文章,理解作者的观点,并从文章中找到支持这些观点的证据。

接下来是第二篇阅读材料,它探讨了科技在教育领域的应用。

文章指出,尽管科技为教育带来了许多便利,但同时也带来了一些挑战。

例如,学生可能过度依赖在线资源,而忽视了传统的学习方法。

此外,科技的快速发展也要求教师不断更新自己的知识和技能。

在回答这类问题时,考生需要关注文章中提到的具体例子和数据,这些都能够支持作者的观点。

第三篇阅读材料关注的是文化差异对国际商务的影响。

文章通过几个案例分析,展示了不同文化背景下的商业行为和交流方式的差异。

作者强调,了解和尊重文化差异对于成功的国际合作至关重要。

在解答这类问题时,考生需要理解文章中提到的文化差异,并能够分析这些差异如何影响商业决策和交流。

最后,第四篇阅读材料讨论了环境问题,特别是气候变化对全球的影响。

文章指出,尽管许多国家已经采取了措施来减少温室气体排放,但气候变化的影响仍然日益严重。

作者呼吁全球各国加强合作,共同应对这一挑战。

在回答这类问题时,考生需要关注文章中提到的环境问题,并理解这些问题对全球的影响。

总的来说,2008年考研英语一的阅读部分要求考生具备广泛的知识面和深入的理解能力。

通过对这些材料的分析,我们可以看到,无论是社会问题、科技进展还是文化差异,都需要我们具备批判性思维和综合分析的能力。

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2008年12月21日付冬至时节话节俭料理翻译:藤原周助,lyra1030,戛然窒息整理:baiheps▼ひとくちに野菜畑と言っても季節によって趣は違う。

盛んな緑をトマトの赤、ナスの紺が飾った夏に比べ、冬の色はつつましい。

大根、白菜、葱(ねぎ)、蕪(かぶ)、春菊。

借りている市民菜園を見回すと、わが畑も、よその畑も冬の野菜が食べごろだ说起菜田,季节不同,情趣各异,难以一言以蔽之。

与夏天田地里一片碧绿之下红色的番茄和紫色的茄子那鲜艳的点缀相比,冬天田里的颜色朴实了许多。

萝卜,白菜,大葱,芜菁,苘蒿。

到借来的市民菜园转了一圈后发现,我家以及周围的菜田种植的冬季蔬菜如今已到了可以收获食用的季节。

▼穫(と)れ盛りの大根は、風呂吹きや、おでん種にして味わった。

手塩にかけたと思えば、葉っぱも皮も捨てがたい。

刻んで炒(いた)め、ごまをまぶして、ご飯にのせて食べてみた。

何杯もお代わりが進む刚刚摘来的萝卜把它切开拌上味增汤,或者做成甜不辣享用。

想到是自己精心栽培而来的,连菜叶和外皮都难以丢弃。

把萝卜切碎后翻炒,撒上一层芝麻后就着米饭食用的话,绝对能让你多吃好几碗。

▼この手のを「すたれもの料理」と呼ぶのだという。

廃れもの、つまり普通なら捨てるものを生かして使う。

『京の味十二カ月』(臼井喜之介著)によれば元は没落貴族の倹約料理らしい。

ものを粗末にしない从教の教えと相まって、家々で工夫されてきたようである这种(毫不浪费)的做法据说被称作“废弃食材烹调法”。

它将废弃物—即平时一般扔掉的东西重新发掘使用价值。

据《京之味十二月》(臼井喜之介著)记载这种方法似乎始于一位没落贵族的节省烹饪法。

又在佛教宣扬的“不应浪费”的教义下,每家每户似乎都开始在这方面下起了功夫。

▼いくつかの例が紹介されている。

人参(にんじん)の葉の炒め煮、スイカの皮のぬか漬け……。

傑作は「お釈迦(しゃか)さんの鼻くそ」だ。

残り飯を日に干し、ぱらぱらになったのを炒(い)って砂糖としょうゆで味をつける。

お茶うけに重宝するそうだ书中还介绍了几种具体的烹调方法。

例如将胡萝卜的叶子做成“炒め煮”,用西瓜皮做腌咸菜等等。

其中堪称杰作的菜是《释迦牟尼的鼻屎》。

其做法是将剩饭风干,分离成一粒一粒之后翻炒并用白糖和酱油调味。

据说它被称为茶点中的瑰宝。

▼京都だけでなく、土地土地に「すたれもの料理」の伝統はあるのだろう。

だが振り返れば、美食と飽食の陰で、おびただしい食べ物を捨ててきた昨今である。

いまや絶滅危惧(きぐ)の赤ランプではないかと心配になる不仅是京都,日本的每一片土地上大概都保留着“废物烹调”的传统。

但如果回过头来看看,如今人们在每顿都能吃饱,吃好的环境下将大量食物随手丢弃了。

这令我不禁担心现在恐怕是“废物烹调”消失论亮起了红灯吧。

▼きょうは短日のきわまる冬至。

畑の野菜は、弱った太陽から尐しでも力をもらおうと、一心に冬日を浴びているようで健気(けなげ)だ。

そうして根や葉が蓄えた滋養を、人間はもらうのである。

素朴な感謝の心が、すたれものを生かす料理に込められている今天是全年中日照时间最短的冬至。

田间的蔬菜正沐浴在冬日下,竭尽全力试图仍微弱的阳光中汲取力量。

这样一来,人类才能仍菜的根叶中获取其存储的营养。

活用废弃食材的美味菜肴中融入的是一颗平凡的感恩之心。

解说:冬至(とうじ)は、二十四節気の一つ。

12月22日ごろ。

および、この日から小寒までの期間。

太陽黄経が270度のときで、北半球では太陽の南中高度が最も低く、一年の間で昼が最も短く夜が最も長くなる日(実際には数日ずれる。

詳しくは昼を参照)。

『暦便覧』では「日南の限りを行て、日の短きの至りなれば也」と説明している。

日本では、この日に柚子湯に入り、冬至粥(小豆粥)や南瓜を食べると風邪をひかないと言われている。

中国北方では餃子を、南方では湯圓(餡の入った団子をゆでたもの)を食べる習慣がある。

2008年12月25日付朗读可预防老年痴呆症翻译:天声人语翻译讨论小组整理:baiheps▼「刑事コロンボ」で知られる米国の俳優、ピーター·フォークさん(81)が認知症を患っていると報じられた。

家族を見分けられない状態と聞き、片手を上げて辞去するコート姿が浮かんだ有报道称,因饰演《侦探COMULBO》而家喻户晓的美国演员皮特·福科(81岁)目前正受到老年痴呆症的困扰。

听说他的病情已经发展到了连家人都认不出的程度后,我的头脑中浮现出了他身穿大衣挥手告别的身影。

▼日本でも元女優、南田洋子さん(75)の闘病がテレビで紹介され、大きな反響を呼んだ。

夫の長門裕之さん(74)による懸命の介護とともに、老境を控えた身にはひとごとではない。

著名人の余生に起きた異変に、長寿時代の定めを思う日本电视台也同样播出了前演员南田洋子女士(75岁)与病魔做斗争的经历。

节目引起了巨大的反响。

望着那在其丈夫長門裕之先生(74岁)的悉心照顾下慢慢老去的身影,令我们无法不想到自身。

这些发生在名人晚年的突发变故,使我想到了长寿时代的生存方式。

▼老人医療の専門家、フレディ松川さん(62)の近著『フレディの遺言』(朝日新聞出版)を読んだ。

前半の「遺言」は、自分が認知症になった時を思い、家族やヘルパーへのお願いをあれこれ連ねたもの。

後半は医師として、介護や予防の勘所を説くフレディ松川先生(62岁)是治疗老年病的专家。

我读了他最近出版的一本书——《フレディ的遗言》(朝日新闻出版)。

在前半部的“遗言”中,他回忆了自己身患认知症时的情形,列举了当时对家人、护工等(身边的人)提出过这样那样的要求。

书的后半部,他站在医生的角度,阐述了看护及预防(老年痴呆症)的要点。

▼〈私の目をしっかりと見て、優しい声で話しかけてくれたら、きっとあなたが大好きになります〉〈私の心が寂しいとき、私が若いころに大好きだった曲を聞かせてください〉。

温かな挿絵を交えた短文は切なく、哀(かな)しい“如果你注视着我的眼睛,用温柔的语调和我交谈,你就一定会变为我非常喜欢的人”;“当我内心感到寂寞时,放一支我年轻时最喜欢的曲子给我听吧”。

——这些配有温馨插图的短文令人感到压抑而悲哀。

▼だがこれらは、記憶がこぼれ始めてからでは伝えられない。

約2千人を看取(みと)った経験が紡ぎ出した、声なき伝言といえる。

理解しがたい言動を目の当たりにした時、叱(しか)れば患者はおびえ、症状が高じかねない。

逆に優しく接すれば、軽度に保つこともできるという但是,依靠逐渐模糊的记忆是无法表达上述这些的。

可以说,它是将对约两千人进行观察后提炼出的经验的无声传递。

当你看到患者令人费解的言行而训斥他们时,很有可能会令他们感到害怕、病情加重。

但反之,如果你温柔地对待他们,就有可能将病情控制在较轻的程度。

▼予防では、ぼけたらどうしようとクヨクヨ案じるのが一番悪いそうだ。

先生のお勧めは、友だち、散歩、ありがたいことに活字。

活字の朗読はさらに効果的らしい。

ここまで読まれた方はもう一度、大きな声でいかがでしょう。

在预防方面,(松川先生)指出:忐忑不安地总是想我如果变成老年痴呆症怎么办,是最不明智的作法。

医生的建议是:广交友、多散步、将值得记录的事情记录下来。

据说,将文章朗读出来效果会更好。

那么,能(坚持着)读到此处的朊友,试着大声再朗读一遍本文吧。

怎么样?解说:1,ピーター·フォークニューヨーク州オシニング生まれ。

父親はロシア系ユダヤ人、母親はポーランド=チェコ=ハンガリー系ユダヤ人。

シラキューズ大学卒。

米国で製作·放映されたミステリTVドラマ『刑事コロンボ』の主役俳優として知られている。

2,認知症(にんちしょう、英Dementia、独Demenz)は、後天的な脳の器質的障害により、いったん正常に発達した知能が低下した状態をいう。

これに比し、先天的に脳の器質的障害があり、運動の障害や知能発達面での障害などが現れる状態のことを、知的障害という。

2008年12月27日付寒冬的考验翻译: lsunflower, syoukin整理:young忧雪▼故人を含め、指してみたい相手は誰ですか。

この質問に、羽生善治さん、森内俊之さんらプロ棋士の多くが同じ名を挙げている。

昭和の鬼才と呼ばれた元名人の升田幸三さんだ。

家出して頂点を極め、人情味と毒舌、斬新な手で皆を魅了した。

包括已过世的在内,你最想与哪位棋手对弈一局?回答这个问题时,羽生善治、森内俊之等职业棋手大都给出同一个名字。

那就是被称作昭和年间的鬼才--已故象棋界“名人”(译者注:“名人”是日本象棋界最权威者的称号)升田幸三。

离家出走而在棋艺上登峰造极,富人情味而又说话刻薄的升田棋法新颖,引人入胜。

▼91年に没した升田さんが、勝負と懐具吅の関係を語っている。

「米びつ開けてみて米がいっぱいではいかん。

しかしながらカラでも困る。

マスを底のほうへ突っ込んでしゃくったら、ジャリッと音がしたという状態がいい」。

91年谢世的他曾这样阐述胜负与棋手个人经济情况的关系。

“打开米缸来满满当当是不行的。

可要是空空如也那也有些困难。

要向缸底去舀米的时候能听到舀子触及缸底的声响才恰到好处。

”▼お金が余っていても、すっからかんでも、確かに渾身(こんしん)の力は出にくい。

勝負師でもない身なら、尐しばかり集中を欠いたとて「満腹」でいたい人が多かろう。

逆に、米びつの底が見えたうえ、雇い止めにおびえる立場はどうか。

仕事が手につくはずもない。

诚然,钱太多或是一文不名都很难使出浑身的气力。

如果不是专业棋手,多数人就算无法集中一点儿(注意力)也想要“胞腹”吧。

相反,如果米缸见底了,害怕失业的处境如何?又很可能找不到工作了。

▼北風が吹いたきのう、新たに寒い数字が出た。

12月だけで3万4千人の非正規社員が失職だという。

寮を追われ、初の野宿を強いられる人もいる。

防寒の工夫、段ボールや廃棄弁当の入手法、炊き出しの場所など、屋根なく一夜をしのぐすべを知らない、弱者中の弱者だろう。

在北风凛冽的昨日,又新公布了一组令人心寒的数字称仅12月就有34000非正式职工失业。

也有人被赶出宿舍,不得不经历有生以来第一次的露宿街头。

不知道如何御寒,不知道如何搞到纸箱和处理的盒饭,不知道哪里发救济粮,也不知道如何在无遮无掩的露天里对付一夜。

他们该是弱者中的弱者吧。

▼この年末年始は、週末の巡り吅わせで休みが長い。

きょうから9日間、駆け込むべき窓口の多くは閉まり、日雇いの仕事も減る。

路上ならずとも試練の時だ。

这次年末年初因为赶上周末假期较长。

人们应该急于造访的职业介绍所窗口今起9天将会关闭大部分,按日雇佣的工作也将减尐。

这到了(失业人士)不会露宿也得试着磨练一下的时候。

▼生活困窮者を支援する「反貧困ネットワーク」の湯浅誠さんは話す。

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