最新冀教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结【优质】优秀名师资料

冀教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结【优质】Simple Present Tense III No, you/we/they have not. *一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式( 2. 基本用法:否定和疑问形式都要借助do/does. A: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果. I like my picture. I have just washed my clothes. --- I don’t like my picture. * 洗衣服是过去发生的动作, 对现在造成的结果是“衣服洗干净了” . --- Do you like your picture? B:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态, 常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括 ---What do you like? “现在” 在内的一段时间状语连用.She likes purple. We have learned English for two years. --- She doesn’t like purple. 3. 现在完成时常和already, yet, sometime, always, never, ever, before, just等词连用, 也可以---Does she like purple? 和包括现在在内的this morning, today, this week, this year等时间状语连用. --- What does she like? I have written 3 English e-mails today. The Present Perfect Tense. 今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了.1.构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去 I have painted six new pictures this week.分词,即:have/has done, 现在以动词这周我已经画了六幅新画.work为例子将现在完成时态的肯定 I have seen you before.形式, 否定形式和疑问形式及简略答我以前见过你.语讲解一下. 4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:肯定形式: 现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如:yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now, in 2000I /You have worked.He/She/It has worked. 等.而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生关系, 要和表示过去的时间状语连用. 试比较: We/You/They have worked.I have read the book. *否定形式:I /You have not worked. 我已经读过这本书.I read the book last year. He/She/It has not worked.我去年读了这本书(只说明去年读了这本书, 不涉及现在的情况.)We/You/They have not worked.疑问形式及简略答语: He has worked here since 1998. Have I /you worked? 1998年以来他一直在这里工作.(他现在还在这里工作) Yes, you/I have. He worked here in 1998. No, you/I have not. 1998年他在这里工作.(不涉及现在他是否在这里工作) Has he/she/it worked? She has been a teacher for twenty years.她当老师20年了.(她现在还是老师) Yes, he/she/it has.No, he/she/it has not. She was a teacher for twenty years. Havewe/you /they worked? 她当了20年老师.(不涉及现在是不是老师) Yes, you/we/they have.5. 动词过去分词的构成: ---You like swimming, don’t you? *规则变化:和过去式变化规则相同 ---No, I don’t.A: 动词原形+ed: played, wanted, worked ---He hasn’t come back, has he?B: 以不发音的e结尾的词加d: loved, liked, used --- No, he hasn’t. 5. 注意:C: 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 先变y加为i, 再加ed: *前一部分主语是名词,后一部分则相应的变为代词:study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried Li Ming is a boy, isn’t he? D:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先 *前一部分谓语动词是实义动词, 则后一部分要相应使用助动词.双写这个辅音字母，再加ed: Tom likes English, does he?stopped, planned, dropped, *对反意疑问句的回答,不管怎么提问, 不规则变化:需掌握规律, 逐一熟记. 如果事实是肯定的，就用yes, 事实,:词形不变: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let 是否定的就用no, 这和汉语不同，B:过去式和过去分词相同: 要特别注意.dig-dug-dug, feel-felt-felt *前一部分是祈使句, 后一部分则用C:过去式加n /en构成过去分词: will you?/won’t you?speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke-broken The Possessive Case of Nouns choose-chose-chosen 1.单数名词: 加’s D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去读音:清辅音后读/s/, 浊辅音和元音后式,i改u变为过去分词: 读/z/begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk 例如:Mike’s dog , John’s bike E:从原形变为过去分词: 2. 以s为结尾的复数名词:加’come-came-come, do-did-done, 读音: 读音不变go-went-gone 例如: Teachers’ Day,the stude nts’ reading room 反意疑问句: 3. 不以s结尾的复数名词:加’s1. 概念: 反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见, 但没有把握,希望对方来证实. 读音:清辅音后读/s/, 浊辅音后和元2. 构成:反意疑问句由两部分构成, 前一部分是对事物的陈述, 后一部分是简短提问.如音后读/z/果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式, 后一例如:Women’s Day部分就用肯定形式. 两部分的人称和时态要一致. the Children’s Pal ace 3.语调:反意疑问句陈述部分用降调, 提问者对陈述部分把握大时,后一部分用降调, 把握不men’s room 大时, 用升调. • 注意事项: 4.例句: A:如果是两个人共有的东西, 则在后一个名词后加’s, 如果不是两个人共有的东西, 则在两---The weather here in summer is very hot, 个名词之后都加’s:isn’t it? Lucy and Lily’s room ---Yes, it is. Lucy’s and Lily’s roomsB:表示住家，店铺时, 名词所有格后面一般省略掉它所修饰的名词: 3.以重读闭音节为结尾的, 双写最后一个字母再加ing:at my uncle’s=at my uncle’s home shop-shoppingat the barber’s=at the barber’s shop swim-swimming C:有表示时间,距离,国家等的名词, 也可以加’s表示所有格: *v-ing 用法today’s evening paper 1.与be构成进行时态, 做谓语.The children are flying kites in the park.今天的晚报 It was raining all day yesterday.five minutes’ walk 2. 与其他动词构成短语, 在句子中做主语,宾语,表语, 定语,宾语补足语等(步行五分钟的路程 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (主语) China’s agriculture中国的农业 I like playing football very much. (宾语)His hobby is collecting stamps.(表语) Grammar5: China is a developing country. (定语)I saw them walking across the street.(宾语补足语) positive sentences 肯定句 Grammar 7:negative sentences 否定句 Personal Pronouns interrogative sentences 疑问句单数复数陈述句用来叙述一项事实, 分为肯定句和否定句. 人称肯定/否定句主格宾格主格宾格 I am a student in junior school. I am not a student in junior school. 谓语如果是be变成否定要直接在其后面加not.I work in a middle school here. I don’t work in a middle school. 第一人称 I me we us 谓语如果是实意动词, 要加don’t/ doesn’t/didn’t He doesn’t like English. (三单形式)疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句第二人称 you you you you *一般疑问句一般由be/do/does/did提问Are you an English teacher?Do you like English?Does she play basketball?he him 疑问语序第三人称they them • 特殊疑问句一般由why, when, where, how等特殊疑问词来引导Why do you like English? she her Where does she live?When will you begin?疑问语序 it it Grammar 6. *v-ing 构成用法: 1.一般直接加ing: work- working1. 主格人称代词在句子中做主语.2. 以不发音的e为结尾的去掉e加ing:I/We/ You/They like playing football. skate- skatingThis is a new book. It is very useful to students. 单数 myself yourself himself 2.宾格人称代词在句子中做动词宾语或介词宾语. herself My mother gave me a present yesterday. itself It is very important for us to learn English well. 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves Grammar 8: Possessive Pronouns 单数复数 3. 用法: 类别 *在句中做动词或介词的宾语第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人第二人称第三人称 Please help yourself to some tea, 称 The girl is too young to look after herself. 形容词 He never thought of himself. 性物主my you his her its our your their They teach themselves English. 代词 *在句中做名词或代词的同位语, 用来加强名词或代词的语气 , 做“亲自, 本人”解,可以放名词性mine yours ours yours 在名词,代词之后, 也可以放在句尾. 物主代his hers its theirs You yourself said so. 词 The desk itself is not heavy.We did it ourselves. 用法:1. 形容词性的物主代词的用法相当于形容词, 在句子中只做定语. =We ourselves did it.做表语 I love my parents.Tom is not quite himself today. Her books are in the bag.Tom 今天感到不适/舒服. 2.名词性物主代词相当于名词, 它后面不能跟名词, 它在句子中做主语, 宾语, 表语.Grammar10 : His handwriting is good. Hers is better.My bike is broken. May I borrow yours? Past Participles 过去分词就一种形式:done Grammar9 :1. 过去分词两个特点: Reflexive Pronouns*在语态方面:表达被动 1.概念: 表示一个动作返回到该动作执行者本身或强调某人或某物“本人,本身”的代词叫作The window was broken. 反身代词.2.反身代词形式 *在时间方面:表示动作已经完成Boiled water can be drunk. 形式第一人称第二人称第三人称2. 过去分词在句子可以充当多种成分:*做定语This is a diary written by Tom.*做表语The cup is broken.以下是附加文档，不需要的朋友下载后删除，谢谢班主任工作总结专题8篇第一篇:班主任工作总结小学班主任特别是一年级的班主任，是一个复合性角色。