plc自动控制灌装机设计和实现

PLC自动控制灌装机

摘要：随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对休闲饮品的需求也飞速增加，同时刺激着饮料工业迅速发展，带动着液体灌装设备的需求大量增长。依据我国统计局的统计数据，由2000年开始，截止至2011年，11年间中国饮品行业总产量己经由0.15亿吨飞速增长到1.2亿吨，年平均增长率达到近二十一个百分点[1]。国内的包装机械起步不早，且技术含量较低，仅能满足一般生产需求;而且对像光、磁和计算机等一些先进技术的利用很少。这样我国的包装机械的性能就同国外有着一定差距。

早期的灌装生产线的电气设备控制系统采用的继电器加接触器控制模式，使用过程灌装速度较慢，不够稳定，经常出现问题;出现故障时，人们总是凭借经验进行排查，同时在饮品生产过程当中经常发生二次污染，导致产品合格率低，降低了企业的生产效益。本文针对灌装生产线的全自动控制系统进行研究，整个灌装过程使用可编程控制器(Programmable Logic Controller, PLC)进行控制，提高了灌装精度和运行稳定性。每个封盖头的工作速度可达2000瓶/小时，灌装容量误差小于0.4% 。

本文首先对灌装机做了基础性研究，并在此基础上分析其灌装的工艺流程，在熟悉工艺的条件下对灌装机进行控制系统方案设计;然后，根据设计方案对灌装机设备制造过程中所需要的元器件进行了选型，在该设备中，PLC是核心模块，主要是对PLC 进行选型和模块定义;最后，对灌装机设备的控制中心的嵌入式软件进行了分析和设计，通过程序的控制，并设计了人机交互界面，方便用户的操作使用，在对人机交互界面设计的时候，采用的是PLC与控制屏联合作用的方式，实现灌装机设备的自动化操作和科学化管理。

关键词:灌装机;PLC控制;连续灌装

Automatic control filling machine based on PLC

Absrtact: With the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for leisure drinks is also increasing rapidly. At the same time, it stimulates the rapid development of the beverage industry and drives the demand for liquid filling equipment to increase substantially. According to the statistics of China's Statistical Bureau, from 2000 to 2011, the total output of China's beverage industry has increased rapidly from 115 million tons to 120 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of nearly 21 percentage points [1].

Domestic packaging machinery started early, and the technology content is low, which can only meet the general production needs; moreover, the use of some advanced technologies such as optical, magnetic and computer is very little. In this way, the performance of packaging machinery in our country has a certain gap with that in foreign countries.

The relay and contactor control mode adopted by the electrical equipment control system of the early filling production line is slow in filling process, unstable and often has problems. When there are faults, people always rely on experience to check, and at the same time, secondary pollution often occurs in the production process of drinks, which leads to low qualified rate of products and reduces the production efficiency of enterprises. In this paper, the full automatic control system of filling production line is studied. The whole filling process is controlled by programmable logic controller (PLC), which improves filling accuracy and operation stability, and integrates cleaning, filling and capping of the production line. The working speed of each cap can reach 2000 bottles per hour, and the filling capacity error is less than 0.4%.

Firstly, the basic research on filling machine is done, and on this basis, the filling process is analyzed, and the control system scheme design of filling machine is carried out under the condition of familiarity with the process. Then, according to the design scheme, the components needed in the manufacturing process of filling machine equipment are selected. In this equipment, PLC is the core module, mainly the selection and module definition of PLC. At last, the embedded software of the control center of filling machine is analyzed and designed. Through the control of program, the man-machine interaction interface is designed to facilitate the user's operation and use. When designing the man-machine interaction interface, the way of combining PLC with control screen is adopted to realize the automatic operation and scientific management of filling machine equipment.

Key words: filling machine; PLC control; continuous filling