高英习题

Lesson 10Ⅳ. 1. At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.Ⅵ.1. flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress2. provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces3. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct; a moral code4. Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes~ specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law5. agent: an active force or substance producing an effect , e.g. , a chemical agent6. orgy: any wild, riotous, licentious merrymaking; debauchery7. Greenwich Village : section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan: noted as a center for artists, writers, etc.8. draft : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, especially for compulsory military service9. distinction: the quality that makes one seem superior or worthy of special recognition10. action: military combat in general11. whip up: rouse; excite12. give: bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure13．burden：repeated，central idea；theme14．keep up with the Joneses：strive to get all the material things one’s neighbors or associates have15．write off：drop from considerationⅦ.1．speakeasy：a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp．such a place in the U．S．during Prohibition2．sheik：a masterful man to Whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted3．drugstore cowboy：A western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures4．soap opera：a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic，sentimental nature．It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies．5．Babbittry： a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values6．fast： living in a reckless，wild，dissipated way7．boobery：same as Babbittry，smug，self—satisfied，conformist in cultural matters一旦这些满腔热血的年轻人饱尝了二十世纪战争的滋味以后，那种纵情狂欢的兴致和要从事轰轰烈烈的军事冒险的热情自然很快就烟消云散了。

他们可以永远感到光荣，因为他们在战场上表现得很出色，但是1919年从战场上回来的却是一批已经发生了很大变化的士兵。

大学兵团的士兵们更是如此。

他们在理想主义的感召下很早就到军中服役，可渭是屡经沙场。

对他们来说，回到几乎没有受到战争的任何影响的故乡是一件痛苦的事，因为在那里，人们仍在像庆祝独立日时那样天真地大唱爱国的高调，而这是他们自己两三年前也曾犯过的错误。

更令他们痛苦的是，他们发现自己原来的工作已被留在家里的人夺占了。

而当时又正值经济萧条时期，新的工作无法找到，现有的工作机会本就为数不多，而且人们又宁愿聘用非退伍军人，而把退伍军人看作难对付的孩子，不愿聘用。

就连他们自己的家对他们来说也常常是不舒服的；他们再也不能适应家乡和家庭了，并且萌生出一种突如其来的、迷惘的厌世之感。

这种感觉不论是他们自己还是他们的亲友都不能理解。

战争激起了他们的劲头，打掉了他们的天真幼稚。

而现在，在遍布全国的沉睡的、落后的地方，到处都要求他们抑制他们的劲头，并恢复那种自欺欺人的、维多利亚式的天真无邪的态度。

但是他们现在觉得这种态度同那种说什么他们的战斗已“使民主在这个世界有了保障”的论调一样，都是陈旧过时的。

再者，似乎家乡的情况还不够受的，退伍军人还得面对凡尔赛和约那种愚蠢的、拿破仑式的犬儒主义、禁酒法令那种虚伪的行善主义，以及那些发了战争财的人们的洋洋自得的爱国主义。

那些气鼓鼓的美国青年的不满迟早要爆发出来。

在经过一段短暂的强烈的怨忿之后，它终于以一种彻底推翻温文尔雅的行为规范的形式而爆发出来了。

Lesson11Ⅳ. 1. The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and successof Admass, Englishness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11. They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not helpa person to build up any self-respect.14. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.Ⅵ. 1. reservoir: a supply; especially an extra or reserve supply2. draw on: obtain something from a reserve, store, etc.3. shop steward： a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interests4. board, board of managers; governing board of a factory5. scale, proportion ; relative dimensions6. keep clear of- avoid, refrain from7. overdraft: a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer; the amount with-drawn in excess8. catch：a deception ; surprise ; a hidden qualification ; tricky condition9．walk—out：a strike(generally spontaneous and 0f a short duration)1 0．van：the foremost position in a line，movement，field of endeavor，etc． 11．count：(1egal term)any of the charges in an indictment， each of which gives a reason and is sufficient for prosecution12．junk：(colloquial)useless—or worthless stuff；trash；rubbish，etc．13．articulate：expressing oneself easily and clearly14．conforming to Madison Avenue：adapting to Admassian life styles as advocated by Madison Avenue15．ungovernable：unruly；(hair)that is difficult to comb downⅧ．1．feel at home: be at their ease2．hold fast to : remain loyal and firm to3．shrugging off: dismissing or throwing away lightly4．sweating your guts off：overworking5．swaggered around: boasted and behaved in a superior manner6．swing: to win 7．clear out：to get out； leave8. slopping around: loafing around doing nothing9．booze: drink 10．chaps: people一支迟到战场的大部队的指挥官在差不多最后一刻决定倒戈，从而决定了某些战役的胜败。